;fdflhs ljsf; ;]jf ;dfh, sf7df8f}+

Social Development of Service Society (SODESS Kathmandu) (2006)

k|:tfjgf M ljZj ljsf;sf cTofw'lgs ;'ljwfx?af6 ;'vef]u ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljleGg vfn] cj/f]wx? sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;d]t r]tgf k'u]sf] 5}g . u|fdL0f If]qdf dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf cfd ufpn]sf] cj:yf lrGtfhgs ePsf] clxn] kfpg' ;dfhsf] cu|udgsf] afws ePsf] 5 . oL+ s'/fx?nfO{ dWogh/ u/L ;fd| bflos tyf If]qut pTkL8g ef]lu/x]sfx?sf] xLtsfnflu Pp6f ;zQm ;+:yfsf] u7g ul/g' 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . To;sf] nflu Pp6f r]tgzLn ;d"xsf] ;xeflutf afG5gLo 7fgL ;+:yf lgdf{0fsf] nflu of] ljwfgsf] th"{df ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !
!= ;+:yfsf] gfd M o; ;+:yfsf] gfd >L ;fdflhs ljsf; ;]jf ;dfh /xg]5 . ;f]sf] c+u|]hLdf Social Development Service Society / ;+lIfKt gfd SODESS /xg] 5 . af]lnrfnLsf] efiffdf o;nfO{ :jb]z eg]/ g} elgg]5 . @= ;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf M ;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf l;tfkfOnf uf=lj=;=! nfdy'DsL, sf7df08f} x'g]5 . #= k|f/DeM of] ljwfg ;+:yf :yfgLo clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ePs} ldlt b]lv nfu' x'g]5 . $= sfo{If]q M o; ;+:yfsf] k|wfg sfof{no afUdtL c~rn sf7df08f} lhNnfsf] sf] ;LtfkfO{nfdf /xg]5 . To;jfx]s ;+:yfn] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]df ;DalGwt :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ g]kfn clw/fHosf] h'g;'s} :yfgdf cfgf zfvf / sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . %= cfa4tf M of] ;+:yfnfO{ ;dfhsNof0f kl/ifb\ / cfjZostf cg';f/ ;/sf/L tyf u}x|;/sf/L ;+3 ; +:yf ;+u cfa4 ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ^= k|rlnt sfg"g sdf]lhd x'g] M of] ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yf ;+:yf btf{ P]+g @)#$ / k|rlnt g]kfnsf] sfg"gsf] clwg:y x'g]5 . o; ;+:yfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgb]{zgsf] kl/lw leq /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 . &= ;+:yfsf] cl:tTj M of] ;+:yf Ps cljlR5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf :jzfl;t / ;+u7Lt d'gfkmf /lxt, u}x| /fhgLlts tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;+:yf x'g]5 . *= ;+:yf AolQm ;/x x'g] M o; ;+:yfn] JolQm ;/x rn crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{, ef]urng ug{ / x:tfGt/0f u/L lng lbg ;Sg]5 . ;fy} JolQm ;/x lkm/fb ug{ tyf cfk"m pk/ nfu]sf lkm/fbsf] k| ltjfb ug{ ;Sg]5 . o; pk/ klg JolQm ;/x lkm/fb nfUg ;Sg]5 . (= ;+:yfsf] 5fk / lrGxM k|rlnt sfg'gsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L o; ;+:yfsf] cfg} 5fk x'g]5 . 5fksf] gd"gf cg';"lr ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 . kl/R5]b @= kl/efiff !)= kl/efiff ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljwfgdf, !_ ;+:yf eGgfn] >L ;fdflhs ljsf; ;]jf ;dfh , Social Development Service Society cyf{t SODESS nfO{ hgfpg]5 . @_ ;ldlt eGgfn] o; ljwfg adf]lhd ul7t ;+:yfsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg' kg]{5 . #_ P]g eGgfn] ;+:yf btf{ P]g @)#$ nfO{ a'emfpg]5 . $_ lgod, ljlgod eGgfn]M o; ljwfgsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjogsf nflu agfOPsf] lgod ljlgodnfO{ a'emfpg]5 . ljwfg eGgfn] ;fdflhs ljsf; ;]jf ;dfh, Social Development Service Society cyf{t SODESS sf] ljwfg @)^# nfO{ hgfpg]5 . %_ kbflwsf/L eGgfn] o; ljwfg jdf]lhd lgjf{lrt sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf ljleGg kbdf /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . ^_ cWoIf, pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:o eGgfn] M o; ;+:yfsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj, sf]ifWoIf / ;b:ox?nfO{ hgfpg]5 . &_ :yfgLo clwsf/L eGgfn] ;DalGwt k|d"v lhNnf clwsf/L jf lghsf] sfo{jfxs clwsf/LnfO{ a'em\g'k5{ . *_ tf]lsP jdf]lhd eGgfn] o; ljwfg cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP jdf]lhd ;Demg' kb{5 . (_ ;ef eGgfn] o; ljwfg adf]lhd ;b:otf k|fKt JolQmx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efnfO{ a'emfpg] 5 . kl/R5]b # p2]Zo g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgb]{zg adf]lhd ljz'4 ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] efjgfn] ;+rfng x'g] o; ;+:yfsf p2]Zox? b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
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k|f/lDes

!= u|fdL0f / lk5l8Psf] ;dfhsf] pTyfgdf lg/Gt/ nfUg] . @= ljleGg ;]jfd"ns ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u lnO{ r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{, u/fpg] . #= wfld{s tyf ;fDk|bflos pTyfg tyf ljsf;sf If]qdf sfd ug]{ . $= ;fj{hlgs dxTj / ljsf;sf sf/stTjx? :jf:Yo lzIff, tyf v]ns"nsf If]qdf tt\;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ; +:yfx?;+u ;xof]u lnO{ jf ;xsfo{ u/L sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg] . %= dlxnf afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/sf]nflu sfd ug]{ . &= r]lna]6L a]rljvgsf lj?4 sfo{qmdx?df ;xsfo{ u/L sfd ug]{ . *= k|fs[lts, P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;f]w, vf]h / ;+sng u/L u/fO{ To:tf ljifoa:t'x? ;d]6]/ klqsf / ;fdlos ;fnf] k|sfzg ug'{sf ;fy} ljleGg kq klqsf dfk{mt ;dfhdf k| sfz kfg{{ kxn ug]{ . (= hflto tyf n}ls ;dfgtfnfO{ ;d]6]/ gjk|ltefsf] ;[hg IfdtfnfO{ k|sfz kfg{ k|]l/t ug]{ . !)= v]ns'b, ;flxTo, snf, ;+uLt / ;+:s[ltnfO{ 6]jf k'ofpg] vfnsf ljifoa:t' ;d]6L j[xb k| ltof]lutfTds lqmofsnfkx? cfof]hgf ug]{ . !!= ljsf;sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;8s, k'nk'n];f, af6f]3f6f], ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ !@= hg ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u tyf a}slNks phf{sf If]qdf sfd ug]{ !# ag tyf k|fs[lts If]q ;+/If0f tyf tThGo sfd ug]{ kl/R5]b $ ;b:otf ;DaGwL !@=;b:otfsf] of]Uotf M o; afl6sfdf lgDg cg';f/sf JolQm ;b:ox? /xg]5g\M != !^aif{ pd]/ k'/f ePsf] g]kfnL gful/s x'g'kg]{ . @= g}lts ktg b]lv kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 bf]ifL k|dfl0ft gePsf] . #= dfgl;s ;Gt'ng gu'dfPsf] . $= s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] /sd lxgfldgf u/L sf/afxLdf gk/]sf] . %= s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .0 !#= ;b:osf] cof]Uotf != o; ljwfgsf] bkmf % adf]lhd of]Uotf gk'u]sf] . @= o; ljwfgsf] p2]Zo cg's"n sfd ug{ tTk/ gePsf] . #= cfr/0f of lgod pNn+3g u/L o; d~raf6 lgisflzt ePsf] . $= duh lalu|Psf] . %= ;/sf/L jf u}x|;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] /sd lxgfldgf u/]jfkt ;hfo kfPsf] ^= s'g} ;fj{hlgs d'4fdfldnfdf sfjf{xLdf k/]sf] !$= ;b:otfsf] k|sf/ != ;+:yfks ;b:o M of] ljwfg :jLs[t x'Fbfsf] avt o; ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ kbflwsf/Lx? ;+:yfks ;b:o dflgg]5g\ . ;+:yfks ;b:ox?n] ;fwf/0f jf cfhLjg ;b:otf lnP/ ljwfg adf]lhdsf] z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{5 . @= cfhLjg ;b:oM ;+:yfnfO{ Psd':6 ? !))) -Ps xhf/_ ?k}of k|bfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{ou/L cfhLjg ;b:otf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . #= ;fwf/0f ;b:oM k|f/Dedf ;fwf/0f ;b:otf z'Nsafkt ? !)) - Ps ;o ?k}of dfq_ lt/L cfa]bg ug] {nfO{ sfo{;ldltn] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|bfg ug{;Sg]5 . of] ;b:otf k|To]s aif{ gljs/0f ug'[kb{5 . o;sf] aflif{s gljs/0f b:t'/ ? %) -krf; ?k}ofF dfq_ nfUg]5 . ;fdfGotof ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|To]s jif{sf] cflZjg d;fGt ;Dd gjLs/0f u/fO{;Sg'kg]{5 . $= dfgfy{ ;b:oM ;fwf/0f;efn] pko'Qm 7x/ u/]sf] ljlzi6 tyf k|ltli7t g]kfnL gfu/LsnfO{ ;+:yfsf] dfgfy{ ;b:otf lbg;lsg] 5 . lghsf] ;+:yfsf s'g} klg r'gfjdf dtflwsf/ /xg]5}g . %= ;a} lsl;dsf] ;b:otfsf] ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lga]bs lnO{ sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{ou/L ljt/0f ug] {5 . s'g} cfj]bsnfO{ ;b:otf glbg] lg0f{o u/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L cfa]bsnfO{ lbO{g]5 . ^= ;a} ;b:on] ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joa:yfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5 .
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!% ;b:otfsf] ;dflKtM lgDg cj:yfdf o; jfl6sfsf ;b:ox?sf] ;b:otf ;dfKt x'g]5M s= :j]R5fn] ;b:o /xg grfx]sf] egL lnlvt ?kdf /fhLgfdf lbO{ ;f] :jLs[t ePdf . v= tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;b:otf gjLs/0f gu/]df . u= o; jfl6sfsf] p2]Zo ljkl/t jfl6sfnfO{ clxt x'g] sfo{ u/] u/fPsf] 7x/ eO{ sfo{ ;ldltaf6 lgisf;g ug]{ lg0f{o ePdf . 3= ;+:yf g} lj36g ePdf . = duh lalu|Pdf . r= ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf . kl/R5]b % ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf sfo{ ;ldlt / cGo ;ldltx? !^ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] u7g M s= ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;fwf/0f / cfhLjg ;b:ox? /xg] 5g\ . ;+:yfks ;b;ox?n] klg oL bO{ dWo] s'g} Ps ;b:otf lng'kg]{5 . cGo ;b:o cfdlGqt x'g]5g\ . v= ;fwf/0f ;ef ;=:yfsf] ;jf]{Rr c x'g]5 . u= ;fwf/0f ;efdf u0k'/s ;+Vof cGoyf Joa:yf ePsf]df afx]s %! k|ltzt x'g]5 . ;f] ;+Vof gk'u]df & -;ft_ lbg leq nuQ} af]nfO{Psf] ;efdf ## k|ltzt pkl:ylt u0fk'/s ;+Vof dflgg]5 . ljwfgdf cGoyf Joa:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;fdfGotof ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 . ;fwf/0f;ef jflif{s / ljz]if u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'g]5 . ljz]if ;efsf] u0fk'/s ;+Vof eg] %! k|ltzt g} /xg]5 . 3= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x/]s aif{ cflZjg d;fGtleq sfo{;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g]5 . = sfo{;ldltsf] ax'dtn] lg0f{o u/]df o:tf] lg0f{o jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf !# -Ps ltxfO{_ ;b:ox?n] lnlvt dfu u/]df To:tf] lg0f{o jf dfu ePsf] ldltn] @! lbg leq ljz]if ;fwf/0f;ef a:g]5 . jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef a:g] ;"rgf x/]s ;b:onfO{ ;ft lbg c3fl8 lnlvt ?kn] jf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 lbO{g]5 . !& s= v= u= ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L pj+ ;b:ox?pk/ cljZjf;sf] k\:tfj kfl/t u/L kbd'Qm ug]{ ljwfgsf clwgdf lx? cfjZos lgodfjnL :jLs[t ug]{, b/aGbL l;h{gf ug]{, kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ug] {. 3= jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{qmd kfl/t ug]{ . = n]vf k/LIfs lgo'Qm ug]{ . r= jflif{s cfo Joo / sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ tyf sfo{ ;ldltf/f k|:t't of]hgf / sfo{qmd Pj+ n]vf k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug]{ . 5= utjif{ ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?sf] d'Nof+sg ug]{ . h= sfo{ ;ldltf/f k|:t't sfo{;'lrsf ;a} ljifo / ;efdf p7]sf h'g;'s} ljifodf 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug]{ . em= sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg / dfu{bz{g ug]{ . `= d~rsf sfo{qmdx?df cfaZos ;xof]u ug]{ . 6= ljwfg adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ !*= sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g M o; ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngsf lgldQ ;fwf/0f ;efsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 b]xfo jdf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx? /x]sf] Pp6f sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 . oL kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw ;fdfGotof # aif{sf] /xg]5 . kbflwsf/Lx? -!_ cWoIf ! hgf -@_ pkfWoIf ! hgf -#_ ;lrj ! hgf -$_ ;x;lrj ! hgf -%_ sf]iffWoIf ! hgf -^_ ;b:o # hgf hDdf & hgf o; ;+Vofdf slDtdf ! hgf dlxnf ;b:o x'g'kg]{5 . l/Qm x'gcfpg] kbsf ;DaGwdf cWoIfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf klg ;fwf/0f ;ef a;L ;f] kbsf] dfq lgaf{rg ul/g]5 . / cGo kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:osf] xsdf k'gM lgjf{rg gx'Gh]n ;fwf/0f ;ef ;b:ox?f/f sfo{;ldltn] dgf]gog ug]{5 .
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!(= sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M s= ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t jflif{s of]]]hgf, sfo{qmd / lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] . v= d~rsf] jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{qmd tof/ u/L ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug]{ . u= ;fwf/0f ;efdf jflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . 3= d~rsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Def/ ug]{ . = ;dfhsf] p2]Zo k'lt{sf lgldQ cfjZos cfly{s tyf ef}lts ;'ljwf / >f]t h'6fpg] . r= ;+:yfsf] lqmofsnfk ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg], ;|f] h'6fpg]., sfof{Gjog ug] {, ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug]{ u/fpg] . 5= ;+:yfsf] ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff / cfDbfgL, vr{sf] Joa:yf ug]{ . h= :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd sd[rf/L 5gf}6 ug]{, lhDd]jf/L lbg] / /]vb]v ug]{ . em= ;+:yfsf] g]t[TjbfoL e'ldsfsf] lgjf{x ug]{ . `= ;+:yfsf] lxt x'g] sfo{ / k"jf]{Qm p]Zo k'/f ug{sfnflu x/]s sbddf dg arg / sd{n] ;dlk{t eO{ nfUg] . @)= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s M s= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;fwf/0ftof sDtLdf dlxgfdf Ps k6s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] :yfg / ldltdf a:g]5 v= sfo[;ldltsf] ax'dtn] a}7ssf] cfjZostf b]vfO{ a}7s a:g dfu u/]sf] v08df dfu u/]sf] ldltn] kl/l:ylt ldnfO{ !% lbg leq h'g;'s} ;dodf klg a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 . u= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] u0fk'/s ;+Vof ;fdfGo ax'dtnfO{ dflgg]5 . 3= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;lrjn] lnlvt ;'rgff/f af]nfpg' kg]{5 . = a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIff/f ul/g]5 . / cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf pkfWoIfn] / b'j}sf] cg'kl:yltdf pkl:yt ;b:ox?dWo] pd]/sf] ljrf/u/L pkl:yt ;b:on] 5fg]sf] ;b:on] ug]{5 . @!= cGo ;ldltx? ljwfgsf] kl/lwleq /xL sfo{;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ cGo ;ldlt, pk;ldltx?sf] u7g ug{;Sg]5 . kl/R5]b ^ @@= sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] AolQmut sfd,st{Jo / clwsf/ M sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M !_ cWoIfM s= ljwfgdf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;ef / sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg] jf tT;DalGw ;lrjnfO[ lgb]{zg lbg] . v= ;fwf/0f ;ef / sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ . u= ;fwf/0f ;ef / sfo{ ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] sfd ug]{ . 3= sfo{ ;ldltdf s'g} ljifodf lg0f{ofy{ k]z e} dt a/fa/ ePdf lg0ff{os dt lbg] . = cfjZostfg';f/ ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ jf k|ltlglw tf]Sg] 5= ;+:yfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ h= cGo kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox?nfO[ sfdsf] afF8kmF8 ug]{ em= clen]v k|dfl0ft ug]{ `= ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] -@_ pkfWoIfM s= cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf cWoIfn] ug]{ ;a} sfdx? ug]{ / cGo cj:yfdf cWoIfnfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] sfo{ ug]{ . v= cWoIfn] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ u= ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] #= ;lrjM s= ;+:yfsf ;Dk"0f{ clen]vx? b'?:t /fVg] . v= sfof{nosf] /]vb]v / ;~rfng ug]{ u= cWoIfsf] cfb]zfg';f/ a}7s af]nfpg], jflif{s sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ / sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ k| ltj]bg tof/ kf/L a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug]{ . 3= ;ef / sfo{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo sfdx? ug]{ u/fpg] . = ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] -$_ ;x;lrjM
6

s= ;lrjsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;lrjn] ug]{ ;Dk'0f{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ / cGo cj:yfdf ;lrjnfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] sfo{ ug]{ . v= cWoIfn] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ u= ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] -%_ sf]iffWoIfM -s_ sf]if ;~rfng ug]{, cfDbfgL / vr{sf] x/ lx;fj /fVg] tyf gub Pj+ lhG;Lsf] clen]v tof/ ug]{ . -v_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] k'j{ ;GWofd} jflif{s cfo Joosf] ljj/0f tyf n]vf k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg k]z sfo{;ldltdf k]z ug]{ / kl5 ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug]{ . -u_ sf]ifsf] cfly{s x/lx;fjsf] hjfkmb]lxtf jxg ug]{ . -3_ ;ef / ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ;d]t ug]{ -_ ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] -r_ sf]iffWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] lhDd]jf/L sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tf]lsPsf] cGo s'g} ;b:on] axg ug]{5 . ^= ;b:o -s_ ;fwf/0f ;ef / sfo{ ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -v_ cWoIf / ;lrjsf] k/fdz{ jdf]lhd sfd ug]{ . -u_ d~rsf] pTyfgsf lglDt cfk\mgf ;'emfj, ;Nnfx, ;Lk / bIftfsf] k|of]u u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ . -3_ ;+:yfsf] xLtfy{ ;dlk{t /xg] &= /flhgfdf cWoIfn] pkfWoIfdfkm{t / cGo kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox?n] cWoIfdfkm{t lbPsf] /flhgfdf sfo{;ldltn] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 sfo{ ;ldltdf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yf M b]xfosf cj:yfdf o; ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g]5 -s_ sfo{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] pkfWoIf dfk{mt lbPsf] lnlvt /fhLgfdf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t ePdf . -v_ sfo{ ;ldltsf cWoIf afx]s cGo kbflwsf/Lx?n] cWoIf ;dIf k]z u/]sf] lnlvt /fhLgfdf, sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ :jLs[t ePdf . -u_ ljgf ;"rgf nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd a}7sdf cg"kl:yt ePdf . -3_ d~rsf] ;b:otf vf/]h ePdf . kl/R5]b & cfly{s k|aGw @#= sf]if ;~rfng d~rsf] Pp6f 5'} sf]if /xg]5 . sf]ifdf o; ljwfgsf] bkmf @$ adf]lhdsf >f]tx?af6 k|fKt /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . o; sf]ifsf] ;~rfng lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 M != ;dfhsf] gfddf k|fKt ePsf] jf sf]ifsf] /sd dWo]af6 cfjZostfg';f/ a9Ldf ? @,))). ;Dd gub sf]iffWoIfsf] lhDdf /xg;Sg]5 . / cWoIfsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;f] /sd dWo]af6 d~rsf] xLtfy{ ? =!,))).;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . To;/L vr{ ul/Psf] /sdsf] To;kl5 a;]sf] sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'kg]{5 . @= :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmddf k/]sf] jfx]s sfo{ ;ldltn] Ps k6sdf s'g} sfo{sf nflu ?=@,%)). ;Dd lg0f{o u/L vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ ;f] eGbf a9L vr{ ug'{k/]df ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . @$=cfly{s >f]tM o; ;+:yfsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf /sdx? /xg]5g\M ! ;b:otf z'Ns jfkt k|fKt /sd . @ ;+:yff/f ;~rflnt lqmofsnfkx?af6 p7]sf] /sd . # s'g} JolQm, lgsfo, >L % sf] ;/sf/, :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt cfly{s ;xof]u, bfg, bftJo, rn crn tyf gubL / lhG;L ;d]t . $ ljb]zL ;xof]u ln+bf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnOg]5 . %= d~rsf] ;Dk"0f{ crn crn ;DklQsf] clen]v /fvL k|To]s jif{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} lgodfg';f/ :yfgLo clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 . @%= a}+ssf] vftfsf] ;~rfng o; d~rsf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ kfos kg]{ s'g} a}+sdf vftf vf]nL d~rsf gfddf k|fKt /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . ;f] vftf ;+:yfsf cWoIf / sf]iffWoIfsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 ;~rfng ul/g]5 . @^= n]vf k/LIf0fM ! cfly{s clen]vsf] 9fFrf sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . / cfDbfgL vr{sf zLif{sx? klg tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
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o; ;+:yfsf] jflif{s cfo Joosf] n]vfk/LIf0f >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt n]vf k/LIf0f clwsf/Lf/f u/fOg]5 . ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg :yfgLo clwsf/L / ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbdf k]z ul/g]5 . kl/R5]b ^ ljljw

@&= lgjf{rg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM ! ;fwf/0f ;eff/f ul7t lgjf{rg ;ldltn] k|hftflGqs k4lt cg'?ksf] lgjf{rg k|lqmoff/f ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 uf]Ko dtbfgsf cfwf/df sfo{ ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg]5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos lgjf{rg lgodfjnL sfo{ ;ldltn] g} tof/ kfg]{5 . -s_ cfjZostfg";f/ gofF sfo{ ;ldltsf] lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfo{/t sfo{ ;ldltn] # hgf b]lv % hgf;Ddsf] lgjf{rg ;ldlt u7g u/L ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/ o; bkmfn] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lgjf{rg ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/df s'g} jGb]h 5}g . -v_ s'g} sf/0fn] lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'gcfPdf lgjf{rgf/f / dgf]lgt ;b:ox?sf] kb l/Qm ePdf dgf]gogf/f afFsL cjlwsf] nflu l/Qm :yfgsf] k'lt{ ul/g]5 . @ # $ % @*= ! sfo{ ;ldltsf] kbfjlw kb ;Dxfn]sf] ldltn] # jif{sf] x'g]5 . sf/0fjz kbfjlw k'/f gx'Fb} s'g} kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf tTsfn ;fwf/0f ;ef glhs ePdf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 / gePdf sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;f] kbk'lt{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf p7]sf ljjfbx?sf] lg0f{o ug]{ / lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffdsf] 3f]if0ff ug] { clwsf/ lgjf{rg ;ldltdf /xg]5 . of] d~r btf{ ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq xfnsf] tby{ ;ldltn] ljwfg cg';f/ lgjf{rg u/fO{ ljlwjt\ sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L :yfgLo lhNnf k|zf;g clwsf/L ;dIf lbg]5 . cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjM ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7sdf sfo{ ;ldlt pk/ @% k|ltzt ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?n] lnlvt ?kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5g\ . To;/L /flvPsf] k|:tfj pk/ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o x'g]5 . cljZjf;sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfk"mdfly nfu]sf] cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug] { cj;/ k|bfg ul/g]5 . o; d~rsf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos ePdf tT;DaGwL k|:tfj ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug'{kg] {5 . / ;efdf pkl:yt ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ;f] k|:tfjnfO{ kfl/t u/]df ljwfg ; +zf]wg ePsf] dflgg]5 . pkbkmf !$=! adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt ljwfg :yfgLo lhNnf k|zf;g clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq nfu' ul/g]5 . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt u7g M sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx / ;xof]u lbg;Sg] Ps ;ldt u7g u/L ;f] ;ldltsf] plrt ;NnfxnfO{ d~rn] lz/f]k/ u/L sbd rfNg]5 . tyflk ;ldlt aflx/ a;]/ klg d~rsf] xLtfy{ ;'emfj ;Nnfx lbg] AolQmTjsf] ;NNffxnfO{ cflz{jfbsf] ?kdf lnO{ :jLsf/ ul/g] 5 . sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx / ;xof]u lbg;Sg] lgDgfg';f/sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 g} o; d~rsf ;Nnfxsf/ 5flgg]5g\M -s_ e'=k'= cWoIfx? -v_ ;flxTosf/, ;dfh;]jL, a'l4hLlj, sfg"gljb / ljleGg ljifodf k|fljlws 1fg / ;Lk ePsf AolQmTjx? !$=^ ;Nnfxsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP jdf]lhd x'g]5 . #)=lgod agfpg] clwsf/M ! @ d~rsf p2]Zo kl/k'lt{ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ lgodx? o; ljwfgsf clwgdf /xL sfo{ ;ldltn] agfpg ;Sg]5 bkmf #)=! adf]lhd agfOPsf lgodx? ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cg'df]bg ePkl5 dfq nfu' ul/g]5 .
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@(=ljwfg ;+zf]wgM !

@ #

#!= lgl:qmotf sfg"g tyf adf]lhd x'g] of] ljwfgsf] s'g}klg bkmf pkbkmfdf n]lvPsf s'g}klg s'/fx? k|rlnt g]kfnsfg"g ;Fu aflemguPsf] xb;Dd :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . o; ljwfgdf n]lvPsf sfo{x? o; ;F:yfn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gsf] gf;fo ljk/Lt x'g] u/L >L%sf] ;/sf/sf] gLlt, lgb]{zgsf] kl/lwleq /x]/ ug] {5 . ;fy} o; ;+:yfsf] gfd, 5fk / lrGx csf]{ ;+:yfsf] ghfd, 5fk / lrGx ;+u h'w]df t'?Gt ; +;f]wgsfnflu kxn ul/g]5 . #@= JofVof of] ljwfgsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ sfo{;ldltnfO{ x'g]5 . ##= uf]Kotf e ug{ gx'g] o; ;+:yfsf s'g} klg kbflwsf/L jf ;b:ox?n] ;+:yfsf] clxt x'g] sfo{ ug'{x'b}g / ;+:yfsf] of]Uotf e ug'{x'b}g . sfo[;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? jf ;b:o tyf ;fwf/0f ;efsf ;b:ox?n] a}7s jf ;efdf c;Eo ;f clZnn zAbsf] k|of]u ug'{x'b}g . #$= lgb]{zgsf] kfngf :yfgLo clwsf/Ln] ;do;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngfug'{ ;+:yfsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 . #%= ;+:yfsf] lj36gM ljwfg adf]lhd sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ g;sL jf cGo s'g} sf/0fjz d~r g} lj36g ePdf o;sf] ;Dk'0f{ hfoh]yf ;+:yf btf{ P]g @)#$ cg';f/ >L % sf] ;/sf/df ;g]{5 .

:yfkgfsfnsf] -;+:yfks_ ;ldlt

;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt
qm =; += ! @ # $ % gfd k]zf 7]ufgf s}lkmot

10