iberiul-kavkasiuri saerTaSoriso samecniero centri

IBERO-CAUCASIAN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE

kavkasiologiuri seria, I
Caucasiological Series, I

Teimuraz gvancelaZe

Teimuraz Gvantseladze

enisa da dialeqtis sakiTxi

qarTvelologiaSi

Language and dialect question in Kartvelology

Tbilisi – Tbilisi
2006

naSromSi warmodgenilia samecniero literaturaSi qarTveluri enobrivi erTeule-

bis statusis Sesaxeb arsebuli Sexedulebebis kritikuli analizi da mocemulia sakiTxis
istoria. warmoCenilia imperiis enobrivi politikis sqema saqarTveloSi: zogi qar-
Tveluri kilos umwerlobo enad gamocxadeba, Semdeg misTvis damwerlobis Seqmna da, bo-
los, mocemuli sazogadoebis gamocxadeba qarTizirebul, araqarTul eTnosad (mizani:
"gaTiSe da ibatone").
polemikuri xasiaTis gamokvleva saintereso iqneba rogorc samecniero sazogadoebis,
aseve, mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.

redaqtori: prof. manana tabiZe

recenzentebi: prof. revaz Serozia

prof. ekaterine dadiani

Теймураз Гванцеладзе. Вопрос языка и диалекта в картвелистике. Тбилиси, 2006. Иберийско-

Кавказский Международный Научный Центр; Кавказоведческая серия, I.
© T. gvancelaZe, 2006

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2006

Tbilisi, 0128, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 1, : 29 09 60, 8(99) 17 22 30

E-mail: universal@internet.ge

ISBN 99940-61-73-9

2
 sarCevi

redaqtorisagan 5

Sesavali 8

"gagebinebis kriteriumi" da misi naklovanebani 15

"mxolod lingvistur" kriteriumTa ZiebaSi 48

v.boederis "Ria gakveTili" 59

Language and dialect question in Kartvelology, Summery 107

Вопрос языка и диалекта в картвелистике (Резюме) 109

danarTi 111

1 iverielTa erTobis traqtati 113

2 akaki wereTlis Sexeduleba qarTveluri enob-

rivi samyaros Sesaxeb 113

3 iakob gogebaSvilis Sexeduleba qarTveluri

enobrivi samyaros Sesaxeb 115

4 dutu megreli, megrelTa mimarT 117

5 vaJa-fSavela, vin aris kaci? 118

6 n.mari qarTvelTa erTi enis Sesaxeb 119

7 konstantine gamsaxurdia, werili amxanag

giorgis 122

8 Tedo saxokia, Tqven raRas misdevT?! 124

9 ras werda gazeTi "saqarTvelos respublika"

1992 wlis 12 seqtembers 128

10 mixeil suslovi: "saqarTvelos teritoriidan

qarTvelebis gaZeveba afxazeTidan unda daviw-
yoT " 130

11 fragmentebi wignidan "Europe of The Peoples",

2002 131

12 quTaisuri memorandumi 134

13 kremli, hiuiti da... 137

14 informacia kremlis vebgverdidan 138

15 saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli

"qarTuli enisa da kulturis samecniero
sabWos" Ria werili 140

16 amonaridi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmidan 144

17 fragmenti kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia

II-is saSobao epistoledan 144

3
18 memorandumi samecniero konferenciisa
"svaneTi - qarTuli kulturis savane" 146

19 tariel futkaraZe, eTnolingvistur ter-

minTa politizaciis saTaveebi da mowinave
qarTuli azri 147

4
 redaqtorisgan

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg yvela respublikaSi farTo muSaoba gaiSala impe-
riis mier ideologizebuli humanitaruli samecniero dargebis xelaxali gaazrebis mimar-
TulebiT. saqarTveloSic gamoCnda aqamde ucnobi an adre Segnebulad daviwyebuli
informacia Cveni eris eTnogenezis, religiuri orientaciis, mwerlobisa da istoriogra-
fiis sferoSi; enaTmecnierebsac bevri ramis gadaxedva da gaxseneba gvmarTebs. yoveli axa-
li an "kargad daviwyebuli Zvelis" axali TvaliT danaxva samecniero sazogadoebis sixa-
ruls unda iwvevdes, ramdenadac mecnierul azrs uCndeba nayofieri niadagi fiqrisa da
gansjisaTvis.
am bolo dros cxadi gaxda, rom erTi an ori saukunis (metadre koloniur marwu-
xebSi gatarebuli saukuneebis) "tradiciis” mimdevroba sulac ar niSnavs tradiciuli az-
ris erTgulebas (tradiciis Zala Cveulebriv imaSi mdgomareobs, rom azri drom Seamowma, xalxma
moirgo da gaiTavisa, mis mixedviT aawyo Tavisi cxovreba Sin da gareT). gamoCnda, rom Cven xelax-
la unda aRvnusxoT da SevafasoT Cveni tradiciebi da sakuTari yofa-cxovrebis mowyobis
tradiciuli formebi. es wigni am mimarTulebiT wingadadgmuli nabijia.
winamdebare naSromis mTavari Temaa enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis sirTule. yvela
danarCeni sakiTxi am ZiriTadi RerZis garSemo trialebs. imTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom wig-
nis avtori ar cdeba, rodesac ena-dialeqtis cnebaTa definicias enaTmecnierebisaTvis am
etapze gadauWrelad acxadebs. TiTqmis yvela specialisti uCivis mwyobri sistemisa da sa-
Tanado kriteriumebis uqonlobas enisa da dialeqtis cnebaTa Sesapirispireblad. mkiT-
xvels saSualeba eZleva Tvali miadevnos ara marto prof. T. gvancelaZis msjelobis Tana-
mimdevrobas, aramed im dokumentur masalasac, romelic avtorma TvalsaCinoebisTvis Tan
daurTo sakuTar naSroms. Cemi mxriv minda davZino, rom Tavadac bevri miZebnia ena-dialeq-
tis gamijvnis cdebisadmi miZRvnili specialuri literatura da jer-jerobiT udavo
argumentisaTvis ver mimignia. rogorc Cans, jer aravis daudgenia, sad mTavrdeba dialeq-
ti da sad iwyeba ena; amis sailustraciod erTi amonaridic SeiZleba movixmoT:
One of the fuzzy areas of sociolinguistics is the exact distinction between “dialect” and
“language”. This might seem obvious at first in that dialects are simply subdivisions of languages, but the
issue is not so clear cut. Normally, speakers of dialects can understand each other whereas those of
different languages can’t, i.e. dialects are mutually intelligible. This criterion isn’t always sufficient,
however. Along the Dutch-German border, for instance, the dialects of both languages are so similar that
speakers can often understand each other fairly well; much better in fact than speakers from this area of
Germany can often understand a Swiss or Austrian speaker of German. Nevertheless, we still class Dutch
and German as different languages, not dialects. These kinds of comparisons force us to acknowledge that
linguistic criteria alone are not enough to distinguish dialects from languages. Also important are
cultural, political, and historical factors, the two most important of which are autonomy and heteronomy.
Languages are autonomous in that they are independent, standardized varieties with a life of their own.
This applies to both German and Dutch. Dialects, on the other hand, are heteronomous, or subordinate to
another variety. So different dialect users of German will nevertheless look to German as their standard
language and will read and write in German. Similarly, Dutch speakers of whatever dialect will look to
Dutch, not German, as the source of authoritative usage.
What this alerts us to is a problem which perennially affects linguistics. That is, the extent to
which dividing linguistic and social phenomena into discrete entities has any basis in reality. As Peter
Trudgill has pointed out, although it is possible to speak of Norfolk dialect and Suffolk dialect, there is no
clear linguistic break between them. Traveling from one region to the other it is clear that many of
linguistic characteristics which make up these dialects change gradually. There’s no sudden change at the
county boundary. Moreover, it could be argued that there is more than one Norfolk dialect in that
differences occur between eastern and southern parts of the county. It would be more accurate to say, in
such circumstances, that there is a dialect continuum. Terms like ‘dialect’ are enormously useful in
discriminating sets of FEATURES which are common to a particular region, but it is rarely the case that
any one feature is exclusive to that area. At the level of individual usage all we have are speakers, and
they are as varied in their linguistic make-up as in everything else (Geoffrey Finch, Linguistic Terms and
Concepts, 2000, 218).
aqve aRvniSnavT: qarTvelur sinamdvileSi sakiTxis gadawyvetisas upiratesoba
unda mieniWos evropul praqtikas da tradiciul qarTul (arasabWoTa) xedvas.
vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelisagan did madlobas daimsaxurebs am sayuradRebo da SesaniS-
navi wignis avtori; aRsaniSnavia misi oponentebis Rvawlic, romlebic qarTvelur ena-ki-
loTa erTianobis ideis kritikis wadiliT Seecadnen am mTlianobis sawinaaRmdego sabu-
5
Tebisa da argumentebis moZiebas, amiT ki prof. T. gvancelaZes stimuli misces maTTan sa-
diskusiod daemuSavebina didZali istoriuli da saenaTmecniero literatura, moexdina
am uamravi masalis sistematizeba da SemoTavazebuli sapolemiko debulebebis sapasuxo
TanamimdevobiT ganelagebina Tavisi Sexedulebebi da istoriul-samecniero wyaroebidan
moxmobili saTanado citatebi. SesaZloa, zogjer avtoris msjelobas gulistkivilisa da
wyenis sityvebic Seepara, magram sadac gulia, Tundac atkivebuli, iq adamiania da siyvaru-
li - siyvaruli mecnierebisa, simarTlisa, dedaenisa.…

Sesavali

lingvistur qarTvelologias amJamad metad didi miRwevebi aqvs, rac qarTvel da ucxo-
el enaTmecnierTa Taobebis nayofieri Sromis Sedegia: safuZvlianad aris aRwerili qarTve-
lur ena-kiloTa amJamindeli mdgomareobac da maTi istoriis sakvanZo sakiTxebic. magram ka-
nonzomieria isic, rom lingvistur qarTvelologiaSi rogorc deskrifciuli, ise istoriu-
li sakiTxebis mTeli wyeba jer kidev sabolood ar aris gadawyvetili da moiTxovs gadasinjvasa
da axlebur gaazrebas. gadasasinj problemaTa ricxvSi Sedis is Sexedulebani, romlebic ar-
cTu ise didi xnis win dainerga politikur-ideologiur faqtorTa zegavleniT da ar
Seesatyviseba arc realobas da arc enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove dones.
dRes qarTvel enaTmecnierTa axali da saSualo Taobebis warmomadgenelTa naSromebSi
SeiniSneba misasalmebeli tendencia moZvelebul TvalsazrisTa argumentirebulad gabaTile-
bisa da axali, ufro sabuTian SexedulebaTa damkvidrebisa. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis samecniero faqtad unda CaiTvalos 2005 wels gamocemuli prof. tariel fut-
karaZis fundamenturi monografia: "qarTvelebi, nawili I. qristianobamdeli epoqa.
istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi". am saetapo gamokvlevaSi avtorma erTmaneT-
Tan Seajera uaxlesi lingvisturi, kulturologiuri, arqeologiuri da anTropologiuri
gamokvlevebi, kritikulad gadasinja qarTvelologiaSi damkvidrebuli zogi problema, cneba
da termini, warmoadgina, mecnierulad gamarTuli axali debulebani qarTveluri enobrivi er-
Teulebis istoriuli urTierTmimarTebis, maTi ganviTarebis gzis Sesaxeb da mogvca faqtob-
rivad axleburad gaazrebuli eTnokulturuli istoria qarTveli erisa. ramdenjerme Sedga
wignis sajaro ganxilva; zepiradac bevrma gamoxata Tavisi azri: zogi (umravlesoba) aRfrTova-
nebulia, zogic gaRizianebulia (wlobiT naloliavebi Teoria uufasurdebaT); jerjerobiT,
safuZvliani werilobiTi recenzia ar gamoqveynebula, Tumca, sagulisxmoa, rom wignSi ganxi-
luli erT-erTi problemis garSemo t. futkaraZisa da am striqonebis avtoris mier 2000-2002
wlebSi zugdidsa da quTaisSi gamarTul qarTvelologiur forumebze warmodgenil mosazre-
bebs mZafri kamaTi mohyva, rac dRemde grZeldeba (ix.: futkaraZe, 2000; gvancelaZeebi, 2000; ta-
biZe, 2000; futkaraZe, 2001; gvancelaZe, 2002; futkaraZe, 2002. Sdr.: gvancelaZe, 2003a; oniani,
2003b; gvancelaZe, 2003a; gvancelaZe, 2003b; futkaraZe, 2003; gabunia, 2004; gvancelaZe, 2004;
futkaraZe, 2004; naWyebia, 2005, boederi, 2005). Cemi winamdebare naSromic ufro am diskusiis
gagrZelebaa.
xsenebuli diskusiis mTavari mizania imis garkveva, Tu ramden enaze laparakoben
qarTvelebi: erTze, samze Tu oTxze. sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, kamaTi exeba megrulis, lazurisa
da svanuris (balszemour, balsqvemour, laSxur, lentexur da Colurul kiloTa jgufis) lin-
gvisturi statusis garkvevas, agreTve imis dadgenas, Tu ra meTodiTa da romeli kriteriume-
biT unda gadawydes dasaxelebuli erTeulebis, zogadad, enisa da kilos statusi.

6
 kamaTSi monawileTagan zogi (a.oniani, v.boederi, k.gabunia...) icavs sabWoTa periodSi
gabatonebil Teorias, romlis mixedviTac miiCneva, rom arsebobs sami (an oTxi) qarTveluri
ena: sakuTriv qarTuli, zanuri (e.i. megrul-Wanuri) da svanuri (oniani, 2003a, gv. 133; gabunia,
2004, gv. 166; boederi, 2005, gv. 224), zogs ki migvaCnia (t.futkaraZe, m.naWyebia, T.gvancela-
Ze...), rom ar arsebobs arc sami da arc oTxi qarTveluri "ena"; diglosiis pirobebSi
qarTvelebi laparakoben erTaderT qarTvelur/zogadqarTul enasa da aTeulobiT
dialeqtze; zanuri (megruli, lazuri) da svanuri (balszemouri, balsqvemouri,
laSxuri, lentexuri da Coluruli) kiloebi am saerToerovnuli enis iseTive
teritoriuli mikrovariantebia, rogornic arian: qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli, aWaruli,
xevsuruli, TuSuri, fereidnuli, taouri, maWaxluri da sxvani.
Cven da Cveni Tanamoazreni (m.tabiZe, a.lomTaZe, r.Serozia, l.kvantaliani, e.dadiani,
l.avaliani, m.qacarava, i.vaSakiZe, m.miqautaZe da a.S.) vemyarebiT ramdenime seriozul safuZ-
vels:
1. viziarebT saqarTveloSi XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde gavrcelebul mravalsaukuno-
van tradicias, romlis Tanaxmadac qarTveli eri erTaderTenovania.
2. bevrma qarTvelologma scada, magram ver moaxerxa imis dasabuTeba, rom eTnikur qar-
Tvelebs sami an oTxi ena gvaqvs (deklaracia-gancxadebebs dasabuTebad ver miviCnevT).
3. dasaxelebuli Svidi sametyvelo erTeuli danarCeni qarTuli dialeqtebisagan ar
gansxvavdeba imaze metad, vidre germanuli, franguli, italiuri, arabuli, somxuri, Cinuri
enebis dialeqtebi erTmaneTisagan.
4. enaTmecnierebas ar moepoveba zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumi enis dialeqtebisa-
gan gasamijnad. sakiTxi yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi wydeba istoriuli tradiciis, eTnosisa
da misi saxelmwifos kulturuli, socialuri Tu politikuri interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
zogjer (dapyrobili qveynebis SemTxvevaSi) wamyvan rols dampyroblis kulturuli, socialu-
ri da politikuri interesebi asrulebs. arcTu iSviaTad konkretuli enobrivi saxesxvaobis
enad gamocxadebas safuZvlad udevs mkvlevris piradi ambiciac.
5. germanelma g.rozenma 1844-46 wlebSi megruli, lazuri da svanuri enebad miiCnia
qarTuli istoriuli tradiciis, qarTveli eris kulturuli, socialuri da politikuri in-
teresebis gauTvaliswineblad. misi es zerele daskvna SemdgomSi Tavisi interesebisaTvis war-
matebiT gamoiyena jer mefis ruseTma, mere ki misma ideologiurma memkvidre sabWoTa kavSirma.
am interesTa dasakmayofileblad orive imperiam gaaaqtiura brZola mecnierebisa da ganaTle-
bis sferoebSi, raTa danergiliyo "samecniero" Tvalsazrisi sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis"
arsebobis Sesaxeb. carizmis brZolas am mimarTulebiT naklebi Sedegi hqonda: ori-sami enaT-
mecnieris garda, romelTagan zogi didxans meryeobda (a.cagareli, n.mari...). es mosazreba ara-
vis gauziarebia. samagierod, sabWoTa xelisuflebam SeZlo XX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan to-
talurad gaebatonebina Tvalsazrisi sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb.
niSandoblivia, rom Tu XX saaukunis 20-ian da 30-ian wlebSic, komunisturi imperiis
damkvidrebis dros, saqarTveloSi cxare kamaTi mimdinareobda am sakiTxze (s. xundaZis polemika
i.yifSiZesa da a.SaniZesTan; k.gamsaxurdias, T.saxokiasa da maT TanamoazreTa brZola ruseTis impe-
riis im mesveurTa winaaRmdeg, romelTac surdaT megruli kilo gadaeqciaT samwignobro enad da
megrelebisTvis waerTmiaT didi samwignobro warsuli); XX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan 2000
wlamde - diskusiis axali - Tanamedrove etapis dawyebamde, qarTveli Tu ucxoeli avtorebi sa-
kamaTod ar miiCnevdnen sami (an oTxi) qarTveluri enis arsebobas; mag., 1969-1974 wlebSi, roca
me vswavlobdi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, arc erT leqtors arasodes uTqvams, rom
arsebobda mravalsaukunovani Sexeduleba erTaderTi qarTveluri enis Sesaxeb. es faqti Cemi
leqtorebis danaSaulad ar mimaCnia: maTi erTi nawili momswre iyo 20-30-iani wlebis cxare
diskusiebisa da kargad icoda, ras niSnavda imperiis mier SemoTavazebuli Tvalsazrisis wina-
aRmdeg wasvla, meore nawils, romelic aRzrdili iyo axal (sabWoTa liderebisgan mowone-
bul) Tvalsazrisze, albaT, sxvagvari informacia arc hqonda... TanamedroveTa TvalSi ase iqca
tradiciul da "uryev WeSmaritebad" mosazreba sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Se-
saxeb.
madloba ufals, daiSala sabWoTa kavSiri da dadga dro imperiuli samecniero-
ideologiuri memkvidreobis Tavidan moSorebisa; XX da XXI saukuneTa mijnaze lingvis-
tur qarTvelologiaSic mwvaved dadga dRis wesrigSi zogi terminis sabWouri gagebis gada-
sinjvis aucileblobisa (t.futkaraZe, 1997) da qarTvelur "enaTa" arseboba-ararsebobis sa-
kiTxi; oficialuri kamaTi pirvelad daiwyo zugdidSi (m.tabiZe, 2000; t.futkaraZe, 2000), xo-
lo problemis Sesaxeb samecniero forumis monawileTa erToblivi, akademiuri da fundamen-
turi mosazreba warmodgenili iqna 2002 wlis maisSi quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis qar-
Tveluri dialeqtologiis institutis mier organizebuli simpoziumis (quTaisuri saubrebi
- IX) memorandumis saxiT; kerZod, memorandumSi vkiTxulobT (srulad ix. danarTSi):
"quTaisSi 2002 wlis 11-12 maiss gaimarTa qarTvelologTa IX simpoziumi ("quTaisuri
saubrebi"), romlis muSaobaSic monawileobdnen enaTmecnierebi, eTnologebi, arqeologebi,
7
istorikosebi da folkloristebi. simpoziumis muSaobis Tema iyo "dialeqti, ena, kultura:
enobrivi (kulturuli) sistemisa da qvesistemis gamijvnis zogadTeoriuli problema".
simpoziumze warmodgenil moxsenebebSi mraval aqtualur sakiTxTan erTad gaanalizda
Tanamedrove msoflios eTnolingvisturi gamocdileba; aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelos, qarTveli
erisa da qarTuli enobrivi sistemis mimarT rogorc ucxoeTSi, ise CvenSi, arcTu iSviaTad
SeiniSneba "ormagi standartiT" midgoma, rac realur saSiSroebas uqmnis qarTvelTa enobriv-
kulturul erTianobas, saerTod, saqarTvelos mTlianobas. kerZod, cnobilia, rom
mravalsaukunovani qarTveluri werilobiTi kulturis, saerTod, qarTveluri kulturuli
memkvidreobis SeqmnaSi erTnairi monawileoba aqvs miRebuli qarTvelTa yvela teritoriul-
eTnografiul jgufs: lazebs, megrelebs, qarTlelebs, svanebs, kaxelebs, ingiloebs (herebs),
TuSebs, xevsurebs, fSavlebs, moxeveebs, raWvelebs, imerlebs, leCxumelebs, gurulebs,
istoriuli mesxeTis qarTvelobas: aWarlebs, livanelebs, taoelebs, klarjelebs, javaxebs,
samcxelebs... am fonze qarTvelTa kuTxuri enobrivi variantebis gamocxadeba "umwerlobo ene-
bad", pirvel rigSi, TviT am qarTvelebs daukargavs did kulturul warsuls, Tundac im Teq-
vsmetsaukunovan warsuls, romelic ioane lazisa da petre iberis moRvaweobiT iwyebs Tavisi
ganviTarebis axal etaps. garda amisa, qarTvelTa kuTxuri metyvelebebis calke enebad
gamocxadebiT iqmneba seriozuli safuZveli qarTvelTa enobrivi da eTnokulturuli er-
Tianobis daSlisa. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom miuxedavad istoriuli ganviTarebis gzebis
sxvadasxvaobisa, zemoT CamoTvlili qarTvelur eTnografiul-teritoriul jgufTa kiloebis
fonologiuri struqtura, gramatikuli modeli da leqsikuri fondi erTnairia.
Tanamedrove qarTuli samwignobro ena Tavisi agebulebiT saerToqarTveluri enis
pirdapiri memkvidrea, amdenad, igi yvela qarTvelisTvis dedaenas warmoadgens, Sesabamisad,
qarTuli samwignobro ena qarTvelTa TviTidentifikaciis uZvelesi safuZvelia: qarTveluri
kiloebis umwerlobo enebad gamocxadeba swored am safuZvels Slis.
simpoziumze warmodgenili moxsenebebidan aseve warmoCnda, rom bevr gaugebrobas udebs
saTaves samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli terminologiuri siWrele.
warmodgenil memorandumze xelmomwer qarTvelologebs saWirod migvaCnia:
1. humanitarul dargebSi moRvawe qarTvel mecnierTa poziciebis Sejereba da saerTo
Tvalsazrisis gamomuSaveba aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT;
2. warmodgenili problematikis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso simpoziumebisa da seminarebis
organizeba..."
amave simpoziumze wavikiTxe moxseneba, romelSic davasabuTe, rom enisa da dialeqtis
gamijvnisaTvis kriteriumad ar gamodgeba bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa arsebobis faqti da gagebine-
ba, romelTac zogi mkvlevari ena-dialeqtTa statusis utyuar sazomebad miiCnevs. Cems moxse-
benaSi naCvenebi iyo, rom es "kriteriumebi" winaaRmdegobrivia, vinaidan: a) bgeraTSesatyviso-
bani arsebobs ara marto monaTesave enebs Soris, aramed erTi da imave enis dialeqtebs, kiloka-
vebs, Tqmebsa da qcevebs Sorisac ki; b) gagebineba SesaZlebelia arsebobdes damoukidebel ene-
bad miCneul erTeulebze molaparakeTa Soris; g) gagebineba Zneli an SeuZlebelia mravali enis
teritoriul Tu socialur mikrovariantebze metyvelTa Sorisac ki (ix.: gvancelaZe, 2002;
Sdr. sruli teqsti, gvancelaZe, 2003b).
quTaisis 2003 wlis simpoziumze wakiTxul moxsenebaSi t.futkaraZem damajereblad aC-
vena, rom ena-dialeqtis gamijvnis msoflio praqtika emyareba ara sakuTriv lingvistur, aramed
eqstralingvistur faqtorebs; man warmoadgina Tavisi koncefcia qarTveluri enobrivi konti-
nuumis lingvisturi statusis gansasazRvrad. am koncefciis mixedviT, ar arsebobs qarTvelu-
ri "enebi", arsebobs erTaderTi - qarTvelTa ena da aTeulobiT qarTveluri dialeqti. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom am koncefcias safuZvlad udevs saqarTveloSi XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde
gavrcelebuli mravalsaukunovani istoriuli tradiciac, sakuTriv lingvisturi monacemebic
da qarTveli eris obieqturad gaazrebuli eTnokulturuli istoriac (ix.: futkaraZe, 2002;
Sdr.: sruli teqsti: futkaraZe, 2003a).
simpoziumis masalebisa ("qarTveluri memkvidreoba", VII, quTaisi, 2003) da memorandu-
mis gamoqveynebas, Cveni varaudiT, unda mohyoloda saqmiani, akademiuri da argumentirebuli
diskusia gansaxilvel sakiTxTa Sesaxeb. Cven kargad vicodiT, rom wlebis manZilze gaTavisebu-
li Tvalsazrisis ukugdeba da sapirispiro Sexedulebis gaziareba bevr Cvens kolegas gauWir-
deboda, vinaidan stereotipis msxvreva da amiT gamowveuli fsiqologiuri barieris gadalaxva
metad rTuli procesia. velodiT imasac, rom mavanT mwvave reaqcia eqnebodaT, magram namdvi-
lad ar gvegona, Tu es mavanni Cveni mosazrebebis akademiuri ganxilvis nacvlad araakademiuri
gziT Seecdebodnen Cven mier aRdgenili da argumentirebuli mravalsaukunovani xedvis dis-
kreditacias. am mxriv "pirveli mercxali" aleqsandre oniani aRmoCnda, romelmac mecnieris-
8
Tvis Seuferebeli "taqtiT" gvipasuxa 2002 wlis 6 noembers arn.Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmec-
nierebis institutSi gamarTul respublikur sesiaze wakiTxul moxsenebaSi. "diskusia" gag-
rZelda Jurnal "enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebis" 2003 wlis pirvel nomerSi, sadac t.futkaraZis
akademiur werils (futkaraZe, 2003) redaqciam amave nomerSive daupirispira a.onianis paskvi-
li, romlis mizani iyo sabWoTa tradiciebis uarmyofel mecnierTa ganqiqeba da ara sakiTxis
analizi (ix., oniani, 2003a).
Cems sapasuxo werilSi (T.gvancelaZe, 2003a) mokled davasabuTe a.onianis debulebaTa
simcdarec da isic, rom oponenti araadekvaturad warmoaCenda rogorc qarTvelologiis is-
torias, ise Cvens Sexedulebebsac. aqve unda aRvniSno, rom am werilis gamosaqveyneblad xan-
grZlivi diskusia damWirda Jurnalis mTavar redaqtorTan, akad. T.gamyreliZesTan, romelic
sajarod gvicxadebda me da t.futkaraZes, rom pativs scems Cvens azrs. diskusia gagrZelda mom-
devno nomerSic; kerZod, Jurnalis redaqtoris moadgilis g. gogolaSvilis mZafri winaaRmde-
gobis miuxedavad gamoqveynda t.futkaraZisa da Cemi werilebi, magram man (g.gogolaSvilma) aq-
ve "moayola" k.gabunias sapirispiro statia da diskusiis Sewyveta gamoacxada, raTa saSualeba
ar mogvcemoda, amave Jurnalis mkiTxvelisaTvis gveCvenebina k.gabunias argumentebis sisuste.
kaci amas rogorme Seegueboda, rom ara Jurnalis mesveurTa upiroba: redaqciam Cven saSuale-
ba ar mogvca gvepasuxa k.gabuniasTvis, magram, samagierod, 2005 wlis #1-2-Si 43 gverdi gamou-
yo a.onianisa da k.gabunias damcvel germanel qarTvelologs vinfrid boeders (redaqcia
t.futkaraZesa da me yovel striqons gviTvlida, statiebis moculoba gansazRvrulia da ver davar-
RvevTo, magram v.boeders es SezRudva ar Sexebia)...
t.futkaraZem Tavisi pozicia vrclad warmoadgina Tavis monografiaSi: "qarTvelebi",
me ki winamdebare naSromSi Sevecdebi, srulad warmovaCino problemis arsic da kritikulad
ganvixilo oponentTa mosazrebanic; bunebrivia, Cven akademiuri msjelobis gzas avirCevT da ar
gavyvebiT a.onianis mier SemoTavazebul "stils".
Cveni oponenti uapelaciod acxadebs: Sexeduleba erTaderTi qarTveluri enis arsebo-
bis Sesaxeb warmoqmna "rogorc Cans, orma garemoebam: originalurobisaken miswrafebam da
mcdari meTodologiuri principebidan amosvlam. rodesac originalurobas WeSmaritebis in-
teresebi ewireba, maSin mas (ras? T.g.) mecnierebisaTvis mxolod zianis motana SeuZlia. mxo-
lod gancvifrebisa da arev-darevis gamowveva SeuZlia, marTlac, mravalsaukunovani
qarTuli tradiciis ukugdebasa da am gziT qarTvelur enaTa arsebobis usafuZvlo uaryo-
fas" (gv. 135).
daimaxsovre, mkiTxvelo, es daskvna, romlis mixedviTac, me da t.futkaraZes mogvewereba
is, rac mowinave qarTuli azris saxiT saukuneebis manZilze arsebobda da "daviwyebul iqna"
sabWoTa periodSi; 2000 wels es tradiciuli Sexeduleba aRdgenili da argumentirebuli iq-
na t.futkaraZis mier.
sainteresoa:
ratom cdilobs a.oniani tradiciuli qarTuli Tvalsazrisi Cven mier axladgamogoni-
lad warmoaCinos, xolo saukunenaxevris win g. rozenisgan Seqmnili da dRemde dausabuTebeli
Sexeduleba mravalsaukunovan istoriul tradiciad SeasaRos gauTviTcnobierebel mkiT-
xvels? vfiqrob, mkiTxvels ar gauWirdeba pasuxis povna am polemikis mimoxilvisa da danar-
TSi Cven mier mowodebuli masalebis gacnobis Semdeg.

"gagebinebis kriteriumi" da misi naklovanebani

a.onianis ZiriTadi debulebebia:

a) "qarTvelur enaTmecnierebaSi (da, saerTod, saqarTveloSi) sadavo arasdros yofi-
la, rom qarTveli xalxi metyvelebs, rogorc minimumi, sam qarTvelur enaze - qarTulad, meg-
rul-lazurad (zanurad) da svanurad" (oniani, 2003 a, gv. 133).
b) "uxsovari droidan moyolebuli - dRemde saqarTveloSi, ramdenadac vici, qarTve-
lur enaTa realurobaSi eWvi aravis Seutania" (iqve).
g) "tradiciuli gagebis mixedviT... saerTo-qarTvelur fuZe-enas hqonda dialeqtebi,
romlebic Semdeg, TandaTanobiTi cvlis safuZvelze, damoukidebel enebad iqcnen" (iqve).
d) "mxolod gancvifrebisa da arev-darevis gamowveva SeuZlia, marTlac, mravalsauku-
novani qarTuli tradiciis ukugdebasa da am gziT qarTvelur enaTa arsebobis usafuZvlo
uaryofas" (iqve, gv. 135).
e) "aqamde naTqvamis safuZvelze, SeiZleba uyoymanod davaskvnaT, rom qarTvelur enaTa
da dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis tradiciuli gageba absoluturad zustia" (iqve, gv. 140).
v) "umwerlobo qarTveluri enebis (megrul-lazurisa da svanuris) ararsebobis sabu-
Tad imasac asaxeleben, rom didi qarTveli moRvaweebi (s.-s. orbeliani, i.WavWavaZe, a.wereTeli
da sxvebi) am enebs arsad asaxeleben. is, rac ar Tqmula (Tu marTla ar Tqmula) da arc daweri-
la, arafris sabuTi ar aris, samagierod aRniSnul avtorebs arc is uTqvamT sadme, rom meg-
rul-lazuri da svanuri enebi araa; anda rogor ityodnen, rodesac es enebi (mag., megruli),
9
rogorc z.sarjvelaZem aCvena, werilobiT wyaroebSi jer kidev Sua saukuneebSia
dafiqsirebuli. Tu erTi mxriv, araferia gasakviri imaSi, rom dasaxelebul avtorebs ar uxse-
nebiaT umwerlobo qarTveluri enebi, ramdenadac am enaTa problematikasTan maT ar hqondaT
uSualo kavSiri, meore mxriv, am enaTa realurobas erTxmad da uyoymanod aRiarebs qarTve-
lur enaTa problematikasTan dakavSirebuli uklebliv yvela cnobili specialisti (garda
bolo dros gaaqtiurebuli patara jgufisa), maT Soris qarTvelur enaTa iseTi gamoCenili
mkvlevrebic, rogoricaa a.cagareli, n. mari, i.javaxiSvili, a.SaniZe, g.deetersi, n.berZeniSvi-
li, v.Tofuria, a.Ciqobava, g.wereTeli, h.fogti, g.meliqiSvili, T.gamyreliZe, g.maWavariani,
k.h.Smidti, g.klimovi da bevri sxva. vfiqrob, aq yvelaferi dResaviT naTelia" (iqve, gv. 143).
Cems or naSromSi (gvancelaZe, 2003a; gvancelaZe, 2003b) vaCvene, rom lingvisturi qar-
Tvelologiis istoria imis sapirispiro suraTs warmogvidgens, rasac a.oniani acxadebs aseTi
TavdajerebiT zemoT citirebul gamonaTqvamebSi. erT-erT werilSi vwerdi:
"...Sevecdebi, Sevaxseno oponents zogi faqti qarTvelologiis istoriidan, romlebsac
pirdapiri kavSiri aqvT Cven mier gansaxilvel TemasTan. pirveli sakiTxi, romelic Cemgan gan-
martebas moiTxovs, aris sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, varT Tu ara me da t.futkaraZe Semqmnelebi im
Tvalsazrisisa, romlis mixedviTac megruli, lazuri, balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri
da lentexuri zogadqarTuli enis teritoriuli variantebia (dialeqtebia), rogorc amas
oponenti mogvawers da lamis danaSauladac gviTvlis. misi sityviT, Cvenamde arc lingvistebs,
arc did qarTvel sazogado moRvaweebs arsad da arasodes dauweriaT, megruli, lazuri da
svanuri enebi ar ariso, metic, uxsovari droidanac ki am erTeulebs Turme Cveni winaprebi yo-
velTvis enebs uwodebdnen (gv.133, 135, 149, 142, 143). oponentis am gancxadebas araviTari sa-
fuZveli ara aqvs, vinaidan aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi Cveni Seqmnili ar aris da mis arsebobas
gacilebiT ufro xangrZlivi istoria aqvs, vidre Sexedulebas sami Tu oTxi qarTveluri
enis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romelic saTaves iRebs georg rozenis 1844 da 1846 wlebSi gamoqveyne-
buli ori sakmaod susti naSromidan.
"t.futkaraZe da me viziarebT im Tvalsazriss, romelic Cvenamde gamoTqmuli aqvT iohan
anton giuldenStedts (1787 da 1789 w.w.), aleqsandre cagarels (1873 da 1903 w.w.), fridrix
miulers (1895 w.), niko mars (1905)... amave poziciaze idgnen: sulxan-saba orbeliani, ilia Wav-
WavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, luarsab lolua, valerian gunia, sosiko merkvilaZe
da mr. sxvani... rac Seexeba ufro adreuli, Sua saukuneebis viTarebas, arc im Soreul droSia
iSviaTi cnobebi, romelTa mixedviTac Cans, rom Cveni winaprebi megruls, lazurs da svanurs
enebad ar miiCnevdnen (gavixsenoT "qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai", giorgi merCules "gri-
gol xanZTelis cxovreba", "qarTlis cxovrebis" matianeebi, 1790 wlis "iverielTa erTobis
traqtati" da a.S.) erTaderTi Txzuleba, romelSic gamoyenebulia sintagma "megruliTa eni-
Ta", "daviT da konstantines wamebaa", magram mis teqstSi ar aris saimiso monacemebi, rom vinmem
sruli ueWvelobiT amtkicos, termini "ena" aq maincdamainc enas niSnavs da ara enis teritori-
ul variantso. kargadaa cnobili, rom sityva "ena" polisemantikuria da SeiZleba aRniSnavdes
sxeulis nawilsac, metyvelebis unarsac, konkretul enasac, konkretuli enis teritoriul
Tu socialur variantsac, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa siste-
mebsac ("mxatvrobis ena", "arqiteqturis ena", "kinoena"...), araverbalur sakomunikacio saSua-
lebebsac, agreTve toms, xalxs, ers, eTnoss (qegl; gamsaxurdia, 1991, gv. 3-6).
faqtia, rom Cemi da t.futkaraZis Sexeduleba originalurobis survilis
gamovlineba ki ar aris, rogorc amas oponenti acxadebs, aramed mravalsaukunovani didi
tradiciis gagrZeleba da am tradiciis aRdgenis cdaa. vfiqrob, Cvens Sexedulebas aqvs sru-
li ufleba arsebobisa" (gvancelaZe, 2003a, gv. 170-172; ufro vrclad ix.: gvancelaZe, 2003b,
b
gv. 119-135 da 136-139; gvancelaZe, 2003 ).
damatebiT unda iTqvas Semdegic:
a.onianis pirveli werilis gamoqveynebis Semdeg me, t.futkaraZem da Cvenma sxva Tanamo-
azreebma dasaxelebulTa garda, gamovavlineT 100-ze meti avtori, romlebic XIX saukunis
meore naxevarsa da XX saukunis pirvel oTx aTwleulSi aqtiurad icavdnen t.futkaraZis mier
aRdgenil Sexedulebas. aq davasaxeleb zog maTgans, romelTa nawili enaTmecnieria, danarCene-
bi ki sazogado da saeklesio moRvaweni:
vaJa-fSavela, ivane kereseliZe, dimitri baqraZe, dimitri yifiani, petre Waraia, sergei
mesxi, petre mirianaSvili, silovan xundaZe, Tedo saxokia, Tedo Jordania, geronti qiqoZe,
konstantine gamsaxurdia, dutu megreli, anTimoz juReli, ivane gegia, grigol kandelaki, ivane
burWulaZe, farna daviTaia, spiridon norakiZe, vasil petriaSvili, daviT dadiani, nikoloz
dadiani, akaki Cxenkeli, stefane ZimistariSvili, evtixi maminaiSvili, kaTolikos-patriarqi
leonide (oqropiriZe), wm.kirioni (saZagliSvili), wm.ambrosi (xelaia), kaTolikos-patriarqi
kalistrate (cincaZe), guria-samegrelos episkoposebi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe) da grigoli
(dadiani), wm.aleqsi (SuSania), mixeil meunargia, giorgi beriZe, daviT maWavariani, nestor al-
Sibaia, kapiton gawerelia, anton kekelia, giorgi Cagunava, klimenti Wanturaia, evgeni Sengela-

10
ia, aristarx kalandariSvili, aleqsi qvarcxava, avqsenti saxokia, ivane Cxenkeli da mravali
sxva.
Tuki es faqtebi icoda a.onianma, ratom mogvawera Cven sxvisi Tvalsazrisis Seqmna? ris
safuZvelze gvicxadebda igi, ilias, akakisa da sxvebs "arc is uTqvamT sadme, rom megrul-lazu-
ri da svanuri enebi araa"-o? aqvs ki mas wakiTxuli am avtorTa werilebi swored am sakiTxze?
Tu aqvs, ratom dawera, am problematikasTan maT uSualo kavSiri ar hqondaTo? icoda Tu ara
a.onianma, rom, magaliTad, swored am sakiTxze gaimarTa diskusiebi k.ianovskisa da sxva Savraz-
melTa winaaRmdeg ilias, s.mesxis, d.yifianis, i.gogebaSvilis, g.qiqoZis, p.Waraiasa da sxvaTa mo-
nawiloebiT 1880 wlidan 1907 wlamde periodSi, 1918-21 wlebSi, 1925-35 wlebSi? gana cnobi-
li specialistebi ar iyvnen m.janaSvili, p.Waraia, p.mirianaSvili, d.baqraZe, s.xundaZe? Tu iy-
vnen (da es asea: maT lingvistur memkvidreobaze Taobebi izrdebodnen!), ratomRa acxadebda
a.oniani, qarTvelur "enaTa" realurobas "erTxmad da uyoymanod" aRiarebs "uklebliv
yvela" cnobili specialistio? roca p.Waraia, p.mirianaSvili, d.baqraZe da s. xurdaZe sxvagva-
rad fiqrobdnen, rogorRa gamodis "uklebliv yvela"? rozenis mosazrebis "erTxmad da uyoy-
manod" gamziarebelTa siaSi rogor aRmoCndnen a.cagareli da n.mari? a.cagarelis meryeobis
Sesaxeb me sakmaod vrclad sxvagan miweria (ix.:gvancelaZe, 2003b, gv.120-122), amitom aq mokled
vityvi oriode sityvas n.maris poziciis cvalebadobis Sesaxeb.
1905 wels gazeT "cnobis furcelSi" (# 2773) n.mari werda: "Tumca megruli ena lin-
gvistikurad Taviseburi ena aris, qarTulis Zma ena... da misi Seswavla gviqadis qarTvelTa
erovnuli sulis horizon[t]is gafarToebas, Cveni dedaenis Segnebas da ganviTarebas,... magram
adgilobrivi kulturuli istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT igi gaxlavs dialeqti, an ukeT, ro-
gorc frangebi ityvian, "patua" (Patois)".
am gamonaTqvamidan Cans swored n.maris meryeoba, mas jer kidev ar hqonda TavisTvis gar-
kveuli, enaa megruli, dialeqti Tu patua. rogorRa gamodis es magaliTi n.maris "uyoymanobis"
sabuTad, marTlac gaugebaria.
kidev erTi magaliTi: 1908 wels Tavis cnobil "tabulebSi", i.javaxiSvilis daskvniT,
n.marisaTvis megruli, Wanuri da svanuri qarTuli enis "Zmurad dakavSirebuli cocxali
kilokavebia (наречия) (javaxiSvili, 1937, gv. 53).
amrigad, gamodis, rom a.oniani an Segnebulad malavda simarTles, an ar icoda
lingvisturi qarTvelologiis istoria, roca g.rozenis Tvalsazriss mravalsaukunovan
qarTul tradiciad miiCnevda, xolo namdvili mravalsaukunovani tradiciis Seqmnas Cven
mogvawerda, Tanac am Sexedulebas guluxvad "amkobda" (Tu Tavs "imkobda"!) iseTi uaryofiTi
epiTetebiT, rogoricaa: mcdari, bundovani, kuriozuli, aSkara anaqronizmi, saqmeSi gaurkvev-
lobis klasikuri nimuSi, paradoqsuli, gauazrebeli Tvalsazrisi. sxvaTa Soris, Tuki a.onian-
ma namdvilad icoda lingvisturi qarTvelologiis istoria da ar amxelda, mis qcevas mxolod
mkrexelobisa da winaparTa Seuracxyofis saxeli Tu daerqmeva. xolo Tu ar icoda es isto-
ria, magram mainc Wkuas gvarigebda, amisi saxeli iliaseuli "Tavmowonebuli arcodna" iqneba.
Cemi azriT, saqme ufro pirvel SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs da amas adasturebs a.onianis meore weri-
lis (oniani, 2003b) Semdegi citata:
"iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac qarTvelur enaTa realurobas uyoymanod aRiarebs ukleb-
liv yvela avtoritetuli specialisti - qarTveli Tu araqarTveli (i.javaxiSvili, n.mari,
h.SuxarTi, a.SaniZe, g.axvlediani, i.yifSiZe, g.deetersi, v.Tofuria, a.Ciqobava, h.fogti, g.were-
Teli, g.meliqiSvili, T.gamyreliZe, g.maWavariani, t.gudava, g.klimovi, k.Smidti, h.fenrixi, v.bo-
ederi, z.sarjvelaZe, b.gigineiSvili da mravali sxva), absoluturad gaugebaria naklebad kompe-
tenturi avtorebis (giuldenStedtis, erkertisa da sxvaTa) gamonaTqvamebiT am gagebis uaryo-
fis cda. araseriozulia am mizniT Tundac a.wereTlisa da i.gogebaSvilis gamonaTqvamebis
moSvelieba; araseriozulia, radganac am avtorebs enisa da dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis
lingvisturi problema, gasageb mizezTa gamo, arasdros ukvleviaT" (gv. 178-179).
davakvirdeT am msjelobas da davinaxavT, rom qarTvelur "enaTa" arsebobis uyoymanod
momxre avtorTa adrindel sias a.onianma ramdenime axali gvari daumata, maT Soris akad. gior-
gi wereTlisac, romelic uyoymano momxreTa siaSi ar unda yofiliyo, vinaidan, rogorc
araerTxel sajarod ganucxadebia T.gamyreliZes, g.wereTeli arn.Ciqobavas sTavazobda,
megruls, lazursa da svanurs enebad nu movixseniebT da dialeqtTa statusi mivaniWoTo...
garda amisa, e.w. "uyoymano momxreTa" axal siaSi a. onianma aRar Seiyvana a.cagareli (da es swo-
ria!), magram datova n.mari, ratom? gana n. mari aseTi "uryevi" iyo, xolo a. cagareli "naklebad
kompetenturi"? upasuxoa kidev erTi arsebiTi kiTxvac: ra mizeziT ar asaxelebs a.oniani arc
avtoritetul da arc "naklebad kompetentur" avtorTa Soris p. Waraias, d.baqraZes,
p.mirianaSvils, s.xundaZes, m.janaSvilsa da sxvebs, romlebic enisa da dialeqtis mimarTebis
problemazec muSaobdnen? maT xom n. marsa da a.cagarelze naklebi damsaxureba ara aqvT qar-
TvelologiaSi! Tu p.Waraia, es erT-erTi udidesi da kompetenturi qarTvelologi, a.onians
"naklebad kompetenturad" miaCnia, ratomRa gamosca 1912 wels misi erT-erTi brwyinvale naS-
11
romi peterburgis mecnierebaTa akademiam n.maris redaqtorobiT, xolo ori sxva naSromis re-
daqtorobas ratom dasTanxmda a.onianis axlo megobari z.sarjvelaZe 1997 wels? igive iTqmis
mose janaSvilzec, silovan xundaZezec, dimitri baqraZesa da petre mirianaSvilzec. magali-
Tad, Tu m. janaSvili kompetenturi ar iyo, ratom gaiziara misi Sexeduleba r. erkertma 1895
wels? ratom miuZRvna mis faseul qarTvelologiur memkvidreobas sakandidato disertacia q.
genebaSvilma? ratom moiqca "araseriozulad" a.onianis kidev erTi TanamebrZoli v. boederi,
rodesac Tavis sapolemiko werilSi vrclad mimoixilavs iseT "araseriozul" avtorTa Sexe-
dulebebs, rogorebic arian: vaxuSti bagrationi, iohan giuldenStedti, iulius klaproTi,
fridrix miuleri, mose janaSvili, rixard erkerti, iakob gogebaSvili, petre Waraia? (boede-
ri, 2005, gv. 203-215).
erTic sakiTxavia: rodis gaxda saqarTveloSi araseriozuli saqme akakisa da iakobis Se-
xedulebaTa damowmeba?
enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis problemis kvleva sociolingvistikis sferos ufro gane-
kuTvneba da sociolingvisti valdebulia, sakiTxis epistemologiuri mxarec ikvlios, raTa
daadginos, rodis da ra sazogadoebriv atmosferoSi yalibdeboda da viTardeboda esa Tu is
Tvalsazrisi. garda amisa, iakob gogebaSvili bevr Cvens Tanamedroveze ukeTesi lingvisti iyo
da misi Sexedulebebis gauTvaliswinebloba miutevebelia!
amrigad, unda davaskvnaT, rom a.onianis werilebSi Segnebulad aris gayalbebuli
qarTvelur "enaTa" arseboba-ararsebobis sakiTxis kvlevis istoria. amgvari qcevis mizani
ki aris erTaderTi qarTveluri enis arsebobis mravalsaukunovani ideis diskreditacia
da didi tradiciis miCqmalva.
a.onianis werilebis kidev erTi mTavari Tema enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnisaTvis gamosa-
degi kriteriumis arsebobis jiuti mtkicebaa.
Tavis pirvel sapolemiko werilSi (oniani, 2003a) a.oniani amgvarad msjelobs:
1. "lingvisturi cnebebisa (enis, dialeqtis, saliteraturo enisa da a.S.) da maTi urTi-
erTmimarTebis dadgena lingvistikaSi mxolod lingvisturi kriteriumebiT aris SesaZlebe-
li, eqstralingvisturi cnebebisa da kriteriumebis Semotanas aq mxolod qaosisa da arev-da-
revis gamowveva SeeuZlia" (gv. 136). aq qaosisa da arev-darevis Semotanis mcdelobad t. futka-
raZisa da Cemi Tezisebia miTiTebuli.
me piradad mivesalmebodi imas, rom enisa da dialeqtis gamijvna SesaZlebeli iyos mxo-
lod sakuTriv enobrivi kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT, magram ase rom ar aris?! gavixsenoT: dRes
msoflioSi arsebul enaTa zusti raodenoba dadgenili ar aris - asaxeleben 2 aTasidan 7 aTa-
samde enas, e.i. Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi gaurkvevelia 5 aTasi enobrivi saxesxvaobis statusi.
es imas niSnavs, rom minimum 5 aTasi enaTmecnieri mainc ekamaTeba sxva 5 aTas oponents imaze, esa
Tu is enobrivi saxesxvaoba enaa Tu dialeqti. mxolod lingvisturi kriteriumebi rom arse-
bobdes, aseTi didi azrTa sxvadasxvaobac ar iqneboda. ase rom, "qaosi da arev-dareva" me da
t.futkaraZes ar gamogviwvevia, igi uCvenodac iyo da amisi mizezi swored lingvistur
kriteriumTa ararsebobaa. verc a.oniani da verc sxva pirobiTi 4999 misi msgavsi (maT Soris
k.gabunia da v.boederi) ver daasaxeleben Tundac erT enas, romlis statusic mxolod lingvis-
turi kriteriumebiT iyos dadgenili.
2. imave werilSi a.oniani wers:
"... lingvisturi analizi..., cxadia, lingvistur kriteriums unda emyarebodes da ara -
aralingvisturs. amis aucileblobas gansazRvravs isic, rom arsebobs sxva kriteriumebic,
romlebic aralingvisturi (politikuri, saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, religiuri
da a.S.) interesebiT aris nakarnaxevi, romelTa gamoyenebiTac zogjer (5 aTasjer - T.g.) lingvis-
turi daskvnebis sruliad sawinaaRmdego daskvnebi keTdeba. ase, mag., zemogermanuli da qvemo-
germanuli, lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT, Cveulebrivi damoukidebeli enebia, radganac maTze
metyveli enobrivi koleqtivebi am enobriv sistemaTa gamoyenebiT urTierTgagebinebas ver aR-
weven. amis miuxedavad, erovnul-politikuri (e.i. aralingvisturi) interesebidan amosvliT
maT mainc dialeqtebs uwodeben da ara enebs" (gv. 139-140). iqve dasaxelebulia ruminul-mol-
dovuris, rusul-ukrainul-belarusulisa da serbul-xorvatul-slovenuris mimarTebis ana-
logiuri magaliTebi, ris Semdegac aRniSnulia:
"enisa da dialeqtis lingvisturi da aralingvisturi kriteriumebiT gamijvna zogjer
(5 aTasjer mainc! - T.g.) urTierTsawinaaRmdego Sedegs iZleva; amitom, Tu SevecdebiT, sakvlev
obieqtad gavixadoT am urTierTsawinaaRmdego kriteriumebiT gansazRvruli ena da dialeqti,
rogorc es gansaxilvel (e.i. Cemsa da t.futkaraZis - T.g.) TvalsazrisSi xdeba, maSin qaossa da
arev-darevas Tavs ver davaRwevT; ver davaRwevT, radganac lingvisturi kriteriumiT gansaz-
Rvruli ena da dialeqti, rogorc davinaxeT sxva gamodis, aralingvisturi kriteriumebiT ki -
sxva, maTi erT cnebaSi gaerTianeba amitom, cxadia, SeuZlebelia" (gv. 140).
a.onianma icis, rom zemogermanelTa da qvemogermanelTa enobriv koleqtivebs Soris ga-
gebineba ver miiRweva da TviT germanelebic zemogermanulsa da qvemogermanuls enebs (Sprache)
uwodeben. amis Sesaxeb germanistikaSi literaturis mTeli zRva arsebobs, Tumca germaneli
12
v.boederi swored aralingvisturi mosazrebiT uaryofs am aRiarebul faqts da cdilobs, Se-
arbilos viTareba aseTi gancxadebiT: "bevri (mainc ramdeni? - T.g.) Crdilogermaneli ambobs,
rom bavarielebis ar esmis, Tumca es ukanasknelni mxolod ramdenime (mainc ramden? - T.g.) fo-
netikur Taviseburebas avlenen"-o (boederi, 2005, gv. 229, Sen. 73; stili daculia), arada, ma-
sac gagebineba miaCnia mTavar kriteriumad da, rogorc TviTon wers, "arsebiT sakiTxebSi" eTan-
xmeba a. onians (boederi, 2005, gv. 226).
sakiTxavia: ratom ver SeniSna “”miukerZoebelma” ucxoelma specialistma winaaRmdego-
ba Tavissa da a.onianis poziciebs Soris? Tu gagebinebaa mTavari sazomi, ratom ar eTanxmeba
v.boederi Tavis bevr Tanamemamules da ratom ar moiTxovs samarTlianobis aRdgenas, indoev-
ropul enaTa germanikuli jgufis wevrebad erTaderTi "xelovnuri" germanuli enis nacvlad
ori "namdvili" enis - zemogermanulisa da qvemogermanulis Setanas? ra Tqma unda, imitom, rom
man gulis siRrmeSi icis:
gagebineba ar aris wminda lingvisturi movlena (iseTi movlenebis Tanabari, rogori-
caa: asimilacia, disimilacia, fonema, morfema, sintagma, ablauti, bruneba, uRleba da a.S.). ga-
gebineba anu komunikacia enis erT-erTi, wminda socialuri funqciaa da ara lingvisturi mov-
lena. es erTi.
meore, enisa da dialeqtis gamijvna enobriv saxesxvaobaTa klasifikaciaa, maTi klasifi-
kacia ki istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis (komparativistikis) funqciaa. erTi funqciiT meore
funqciis rkveva SeuZlebelia!
mesame, germaniaSi aseTi viTarebaa: germanul dialeqtTa jgufebs Soris arsebobs bge-
raTSesatyvisobebi (da ara, rogorc v.boederi ambobs, "mxolod ramdenime fonetikuri Tavise-
bureba"), romlebic kanonzomiericaa da regularulic; maT Soris gagebinebac problemaa (es
a.onianmac ki icis!). zemogermanulsa da qvemogermanuls lingvistebica da aralingvistebic
enas (Sprache-s) eZaxian, magram ZiriTadad "saSinao" sityvaTxmarebaSi, ucxosTan germanelebs ar
surT imis aRiareba, rom maT qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT ori damoukidebeli ena aqvT (vinaidan
kargad esmiT, ras moutans germanel ers amaze daTanxmeba, e.i. aqtiurad moqmedebs ara wminda
lingvisturi, aramed eqstralingvisturi faqtorebi...); Sdr.: germanuli saliteraturo ena
erT-erT kilour jgufs efuZneba; qarTuli samwignobro ena ki saerToqarTveluri enis
uSualo gagrZelebaa: igi ar Seqmnila erTi romelime qarTuli/qarTveluri kilos bazaze!
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom msoflio pativs scems germaneli eris interesebs, amitom msof-
lios enaTa arcerT saklasifikacio cxrilSi ar SeaqvT zemogermanuli da qvemogermanuli
"enebi" (maSin roca evroamerikul enciklopediebSi, rusuli tradiciis Sesabamisad, qarTve-
loba imperiuli sqemiTaa warmodgenili). v.boederic, rogorc germaneli kaci, germanelTa um-
ravlesobis msgavsad iqceva da wminda mecnierebaze maRla Tavisi qveynisa da eris politikur,
saxelmwifoebriv, erovnul-eTnikur, kulturul, ideologiur da socialur interesebs aye-
nebs. me mivesalmebi mis patriotizms, magram ar momwons misi ormagi standarti:
qarTveli eris politikuri, saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, kulturuli, ide-
ologiuri da socialuri interesebi mas, vSiSob, arc anaRvlebs da arc pativiscemas aRuZravs;
igi rusi SovinistebiviT gveqceva da iribad gveubneba: rac SeiZleba germanelisTvis, ar SeiZ-
leba qarTvelisaTvis! daiviwyeT Tqveni mravalsaukunovani tradicia da aRiareT Tqveni dam-
pyroblebis mier cecxliTa da maxviliT Seqmnili "Teoria"! me Cemsas kbilebiT davicav, Tqven ki
xmis amoRebas Tu gabedavT, tyuil-marTlis narevs dagatexT Tavs (cnobisTvis, es is v.boederia,
germanul presaSi Tavs rom esxmoda ruseTis imperiis mier devnil saqarTvelos kanonier prezi-
dent zviad gamsaxurdias).
v.boederis gadabargeba jorj hiuitis, volfgang foirStainisa da sxvaTa samarcxvino
kohortaSi guldasawyvetia, magram gaugebari ar aris. ras vizamT, misi arCevani esaa!
droebiT SevwyvitoT v. boederze saubari da movubrundeT a.onianis werilebs.
zemoT citirebuli ori amonarididan Cans, rom a. oniani ver amCnevs, Tu rogor Cavarda
winaaRmdegobaSi: igi, erTi mxriv, enisa da dialeqtis gasamijnavad mxolod lingvistur krite-
riumTa gamoyenebas moiTxovs da amgvar sazomad gagebinebas miiCnevs, meore mxriv ki uneburad
aRiarebs imas, rom aramcTu mTlianad msoflioSi, aramed evropaSic ki minimum 10 "enaa", "aras-
worad" gamoyofili (ruminuli, moldovuri, rusuli, ukrainuli, belarusuli, serbuli,
xorvatuli, slovenuri, zemogermanuli da qvemogermanuli). am sias SeiZleba davumatoT imave
evropaSi gavrcelebuli sxva sadavo erTeulebi: flamandiuri, luqsemburguli, idiSi, islan-
diuri, daniuri, Sveduri, norvegiuli, fareruli, friuluri, ladinuri, provansuli, sardi-
niuli, okisa da oilis "enebi" safrangeTSi, malturi da mravali sxva (ix.: gamyreliZe, kiknaZe...
2003, gv. 614-617). arcerTi amaTganis (25 erTeulis) statusi ar dgindeba iseTi "lingvistu-
ri" kriteriumiT, rogoric gagebinebaa. yvela SemTxvevaSi wamyvan rols eqstralingvisturi
faqtorebi asrulebs, magram, cxadia, namdvil profesionalTa da mkvlevarTagan aravis mos-
vlia azrad, amgvari klasifikaciis momxreebi elanZRa da maTi SexedulebisaTvis saxeli gaete-
xa. metic, T.gamyreliZem TanaavtorebTan erTad Sedgenil saxelmZRvanelos darTul bibliog-

13
rafiaSi vrclad daimowma Cemi da t.futkaraZis is naSromebi, romlebsac a.oniani ase ebrZvis
(gamyreliZe, kiknaZe... 2003, gv. 729, 746);
3. Tavis pirvel werilSi a.oniani ar gveTanxmeba im TvalsazrisSi, rom enaTmecnierebas
ar moepoveba zusti da Semowmebadi lingvisturi kriteriumi enisa da dialeqtis erTmaneTisa-
gan gamasijnad. oponenti wers:
"Tu enaTmecnierebaSi enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis araviTari kriteriumi ar arsebobs,
maSin rogor avxsnaT is faqti, rom enaTmecnierebis korifeebi enasa da dialeqts uyoymanod
ganarCeven erTmaneTisagan?! anda, saidan icis batonma tarielma aseT viTarebaSi (mecnieruli
kriteriumis uqonlobis pirobebSi), rom kaxuri, megruli, lazuri, lentexuri da a.S. erTi
enis dialeqtebia?! romelime uxilavma Zalam STaagona mas es sibrZne, Tu saqme gvaqvs raime sxva
saxis idumal saswaulTan?" (gv. 138).
lingvisturi kriteriumi rom ar arsebobs, amis danaxvas didi dakvirveba ar sWirdeba.
saamisod sruliad sakmarisia zemoT xsenebuli 5 aTasi sadavo enobrivi erTeulis arsebobis
faqtic. dava-kamaTs am SemTxvevebSi swored zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumebis uqonloba da
sxvadasxva eqstralingvisturi faqtorisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba iwvevs, rac a.onianmac
kargad icis, magram pirdapir ar aRiarebs, Tumca uneburad ki imxels Tavs Tavisave werilis
139-140-e gverdebze zemogermanulis, qvemogermanulis, ruminulis, moldovuris, rusulis,
ukrainulis, belarusulis, serbulis, xorvatulisa da slovenuris magaliTebis moyvanisas.
sicruis mamlis es boloa pasuxi imisa, Tu "rogor avxsnaT is faqti, rom enaTmecnierebis kori-
feebi enasa da dialeqts ganarCeven erTmaneTisagan".
nuTu b-ni a.onianis rangis (an ukeTesi) lingvistebi ar hyavdaT da ara hyavT germaniaSi,
belarusSi, yofil iugoslaviaSi, maTi enebis statusi rom ver gadawyvites uyoymanod? gana ko-
rifeebi arasodes cdebian? gavixsenoT Tundac iseTi cnobili mecnieri, rogoric franc bopi
iyo, da misi uxeSi Secdoma, roca qarTuli ena indoevropulad CaTvala, gavixsenoT kidev bevri
sxva didi mecnieri, romlebic imave qarTulSi akuzativs (braldebiT brunvas) "poulobdnen"
da ver amCnevdnen ergativs (moTxrobiT brunvas)... piradad me upasuxismgeblobaSi verc erT
korifes ver davdeb brals - isini eZiebdnen da xan swor daskvnas akeTebdnen, xanac - mcdars.
bevr maTgans ar hqonda saSualeba, gamoexata Tavisi WeSmariti azri, zogs ki sjeroda is, rac as-
wavles maTma gamorCeulma maswavleblebma.
axla imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan viciT t.futkaraZem da me, rom megruli, lazuri da sva-
nuri enebi ar aris.
Tanamedrove meTodologiaze dafuZnebuli wminda mecnieruli msjelobiT miRebuli
daskvnebis garda CvenTvis utyuari wyaroebia: eris istoriuli mexsiereba,
mravalsaukunovani didi erovnuli tradiciis codna, "Cueulebisaebr mamulisa slva~",
WyondidelTa, sulxan-sabas, vaxuSti bagrationis, ilias, akakis, vaJas, iakobis, dutu
megrelis, petre Waraias, episkopos grigol dadianis, wm. ambrosis, wm.kirionis, kon-
stantine da zviad gamsaxurdiebis, Tedo saxokiasa da mravalTa sxvaTa xedva, megrelTa,
lazTa da svanTa zogadqarTuli cnobierebis, maTi WeSmariti interesebis pativiscema,
mtrisa da briyvi moyvarisagan Tavdacvis survili... ai, ra uxilavi Zala da idumali
saswauli STagvagonebs Cven.
mtkivneulia imis warmodgena, rom b-ni a.oniani am madlis gamasxrebas cdilobs. Tuki
germanels, frangs, italiels, somexs, arabs, Cinelsa da sxvebs aqvT ufleba, lingvisturi kri-
teriumis uqonlobis pirobebSi sakiTxi erTxel da samudamod gadawyviton eqstralingvistur
faqtorTa gaTvaliswinebiT da zemoT dasaxelebul wyaroTa safuZvelze, Cven, qarTvelebs, ra-
tom ara gvaqvs aseTive ufleba? vis ra davuSaveT, rom kvlav mezobeli imperiebis xelSi gvagde-
ben sajijgnad? Tu evropisagan mxolod kokakolizacia da seqsualur umciresobaTa uflebebi
unda gadmoviRoT, ruseTisa da qemalisturi TurqeTis ideologiuri memkvidreoba ki aRar un-
da moviSoroT?
4. Cveni oponenti brZanebs:
"absoluturad gaugebaria (da, amdenad, kuriozulic) Cvens droSi iseTi Sexedulebis
arseboba, romlis mixedviTac erTi enis Semadgeneli nawilebi, b-ni tarielis terminologiiT,
erTi erovnuli enis "ganStoebebi" (kiloebi da kilokavebi) xSirad urTierTgagebinebis fun-
qcias ver asruleben. rogor gamodgeba maSin urTierTgagebinebisaTvis ena, romlis "ganStoe-
bebze" metyvelnic erTmaneTs ver ugeben?! anda, ratom cxaddeba erTi enis "ganStoebebad" ise-
Ti erTeulebi (kiloebi da kilokavebi), romlebze metyvelnic urTierTgagebinebas ver aRwe-
ven?! an kidev, Tuki kvleva-Ziebis dawyebamde viciT, romelia kilo da romeli kilokavi (dialeq-
ti Tu qvedialeqti), maSin gamodis, rom enisa da dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis dadgenas mec-
nieruli kvleva-Zieba ar sWirdeba" (gv. 138).
Tu TviT a.onians nawilobriv mainc davesesxebiT, marTlac ucnauria misi qceva, roca
uaryofs kargad cnobil uamrav magaliTs, erTi da imave enis ganStoebebze molaparakeTa So-
ris gagebinebis problemis arsebobas rom adastureben. raki oponents Cveni araferi sjera, mo-

14
vixmob ucxoel korifeTa azrs, rac a.onians albaT aseve absoluturad gaugebrad, kuriozu-
lad da ucnaurad moeCveneba:
germaneli h. birti: "SeuZlebelia urTierTgagebineba zemogermanelebsa, Svabebsa
da bavarielebs Soris... TviT me ver vugeb badenels, bavarielsa da zemogermanels, roca isini
Tavis dialeqtze laparakoben".
TvalsaCino enaTmecnieri h.pauli: "Sveicarieli (igulisxmeba germanulenovani Sveica-
rieli - T.g.) ver gaigebs ara mxolod holStinelis, aramed hesenelisa da bavarielis metyvele-
basac".
rusi korife v.Jirmunski: "wminda raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT, sxvaobani adgilobriv
(germanul) dialeqtebs Soris - ara mxolod qvemogermanulsa da zemogermanuls Soris, rac
istoriulad adis gansxvavebamde dasavleTgermanul tomobriv kiloebs Soris, aramed TviT ze-
mogermanulis farglebSic ki, magaliTad, bavariuls, Svabursa da hesenurs Soris,
aranakleb Rrmaa, vidre sxvaoba zogierT damoukidebel enebs Soris sxva xalxebTan; magali-
Tad, polonursa da Cexurs, an serbulsa da bulgaruls Soris" (samive amonaridi mogvyavs wig-
nidan: jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 35). ase msjelobs Tanamedrove germanel dialeqtologTa didi nawi-
lic (literaturis nawilis mimoxilvisaTvis ix. t.futkaraZe, 2003).
wminda wylis sofizmia (v.boederis epiTetia!) a.onianis ritorikuli kiTxvebi: "rogor
gamodgeba maSin urTierTgagebisaTvis ena, romlis "ganStoebebze" metyvelnic erTmaneTs ver
ugeben? anda, ratom cxaddeba erTi enis "ganStoebebad" iseTi erTeulebi (kiloebi da kiloka-
vebi), romlebze metyvelnic urTierTgagebinebas ver aRweven?!" nuTu ase Zneli hgonia opo-
nents am "CamWrel kiTxvebze” pasuxi?! mas Tu ar agondeba, me Sevaxseneb:
roca or saxesxvaobaze metyvelT ar esmiT erTmaneTisa, maSinve avtomaturad gadaer-
Tvebian imave enis erT-erT iseT sametyvelo kodze (samwignobro enaze, zedialeqtur koineze,
an orive mosaubrisaTvis gasageb sxva, mesame teritoriul variantze), CaekiTxebian erTimeores,
moiSvelieben Jestebsa da mimikas... garda amisa, maSinac ki, roca ama Tu im teritoriul varian-
tze metyveli ambobs, rom mas ar esmis meore teritoriul variantze metyvelis naTqvami, su-
lac ar igulisxmeba, rom saqme absolutur gaugebrobasTan gvaqvs. amgvar SemTxvevebSi Cveuleb-
riv gaixazeba gagebis sirTule da ara absoluturi gaugebroba, anu sruli informaciuli va-
kuumi. aseT dros mokontaqte pirebi miaxloebiT mainc xvdebian, ras eubnebian erTimeores. Se-
sabamisad ena sruli 100%-iT Tu ara, nawilobriv asrulebs sakomunikacio funqcias, xolo Tu
mosaubreni gadadian imave enis sxva sametyvelo kodze, es zrdis komunikaciis xarisxs.
oriode sityva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom cxaddeba erTi enis ganStoebebad iseTi saxesxva-
obebi, romlebze metyvelnic "ver aRweven" urTierTgagebinebas, anu uWirT mosaaubris mier
warmoTqmuli teqstis sruli gageba da niuansebis wvdoma. es xdeba imitom, rom aseTia tradi-
cia, koleqtiuri codna, koleqtiuri gamocdileba... magaliTad, msoflio enaTmecnierebis
klasikosma herman paulma, romlis gamonaTqvamic zemoT davimowme, ojaxidan, axloblebisagan,
skolasa da universitetSi miRebuli cnobebidan, istoriuli da samecniero literaturidan
icoda, rom "ziud duCze" (e.i. "samxreT germanulze") molaparake Sveicarielis, holStinelis,
hesenelisa da bavarielis Sinauri sametyvelo kodebi ueWvelad germanuli enis ("doiCe Spra-
xes") teritoriuli saxesxvaobebia da ara sxvadasxva enebi. mas am codnis sisworeSi eWvi ar Seh-
qonda, vinaidan germania Tavisufali qveyana iyo da germanuli saganmanaTleblo sistema 200
wlis manZilze ar imarTeboda peterburgidan an moskovidan, bavariel bavSvebs aravin uWedavda
tvinSi im azrs, rom maTi Sinauri sametyvelo kodi damoukidebeli enaa, h. paulis nawerebi sxva
qveynis xelisuflebis miTiTebiT ar gadioda umkacresi cenzuris bewvis xidze da arc "obieq-
turi" lingvistebi uwodebdnen mis Tvalsazriss "kuriozulsa" da "ucnaurs".
gansaxilvel amonaridSi a. oniani saqmes ise warmoaCens, TiTqos Cven saerTod uarvyof-
deT lingvisturi qarTvelologiis miRwevebs; Tavi kolumbi an magelani gvegonos da ucnauri
axirebis gamo uarvyofdeT "qarvelur enaTmecnierebaSi aqsiomad qceul" (ix., oniani, 2003a, gv.
135) debulebebs. realurad ki saqme sul sxvagvaradaa:
CvenTvis miuRebelia carizmisa da sabWoTa kavSiris imperiuli enobrivi
politikis Sedegad dogmad qceuli Sexeduleba sami an oTxi qarveluri "enis" arsebobis
Sesaxeb, romelic sulac ar migvaCnia aqsiomad, vinaidan es mosazreba ar dgas myar samecniero
safuZvelze (Tumca aqvs arsebobis ufleba). Cven pativs mivagebT sabWoTa periodSi moRvawe
qarTvelologiis korifeTa Rvawls, gvesmis, rom isini araadamianur samuSao pirobebSi nayo-
fierad iRvwodnen; gveamayeba, rom gvqonda bedniereba, mogvesmina maTi erTi nawilis leqciebi
(piradad me madlieri var uflisa imis gamo, rom maqvs pativi, viyo arnold Ciqobavas, qeTevan
lomTaTiZisa da giorgi rogavas mowafe)... magram visime mowafeoba brma mimdevrobad ar unda
iqces (miT umetes, q-ni qeTevan lomTaTiZe "quTaisuri memorandumis" erT-erTi
xelmomweria da srulad iziarebs Cvens mosazrebebs erTi qarTveluri enis Sesaxeb).
aqve xazgasmiT aRvniSnav: roca gavigeT, rom Turme mTeli 60 wlis manZilze sabWoTa pe-
riodSi saguldagulod iCqmaleboda qarTvelologiaSi adre gavrcelebuli sxva Tvalsazri-
si, romelic analogiuri yofila mowinave qveynebSi (germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi...) mi-
15
Rebuli Sexedulebebisa da sruliad Seesabameba qarTveli eris realur istoriasa da politi-
kur, saxelmwifoebriv, erovnul-eTnikur, kulturul, socialur interesebs, Tanac lingvis-
tikas ar moepoveba arcerTi zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumi enisa da dialeqtis statusis
gasarkvevad, sixaruliT daveSureT Cveni kolegebisaTvis gagveziarebina esoden saintereso ma-
sala da, amasTan, sruliad bunebrivad avirCieT is Tvalsazrisi, romelic ufro marTebulad
da mizanSewonilad miviCnieT. am fonze Cven azradac ar mogvsvlia, wyalSi gadasayrelad
gagvemetebina Cvenamde Seqmnili umdidresi samecniero memkvidreoba da misgan viRebT imas,
rasac marTebulad vTvliT, xolo rac “”jerkvalad migvaCnia”, mas ar vebRauWebiT.
aRvniSnav imasac, rom samecniero azris monopoliis ufleba aravis aqvs da diskusiis
dros yvelaa valdebuli daicvas taqti; miT umetes, momavalSic bevria sakamaTo da sakvlevi
qarTvelur dialeqtologiaSi; magaliTad:
a. erTi dialeqtia Tu ori mesxuri da javaxuri, mTiuluri da gudamayruli?
b. ramdeni kilokavi aqvs qarTlurs, kaxurs, imeruls, raWuls?
g. aris Tu ara damoukidebeli dialeqtebi qvemoimeruli, leCxumuri, Coluruli, aTi-
nuri, xofuri, viwur-arqabuli?
d. erTi imerxeuli kilo gvaqvs Tu tao-klarjuli metyveleba oTx damoukidebel dia-
leqtad unda miviCnioT?
arc t.futkaraZe da me varT Tanamoazreni yvela sakiTxSi; mag., is miiCnevs, rom kakuri
da aliabaTuri ori dialeqturi erTeulia da qmnis herul kiloTa jgufs; me ki mimaCnia, rom
kakuri da aliabaTuri ingilouri dialeqtis kilokavebia da sxv. am da sxva SemTxvevebSic bev-
ri ram aqvT sakvlevi dRevandel Tu momaval Taobebs. Cvens romel debulebaSi dainaxa a.onian-
ma "mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis saWiroebis uaryofa?", ratom aris Zneli misTvis imis danaxva, rom
Cven nabani wylisTvis bavSvic ar gagviyolebia da pativiscemiT viziarebT sxva mecnierTa
Sexedulebebis CvenTvis misaReb nawils da zogisgan gansxvavebiT monopolias ar vacxadebT
samecniero azrze?
5. a.onianisagan dawunebuli Cemi moxsenebis TezisebSi (gvancelaZe, 2002, gv. 39) miweria:
"...enaTa klasifikaciis kriteriumad xSirad gagebinebis faqtorsac miiCneven, magram
arc am sazomis gamoyeneba xdeba erTgvarad. am niSnis ganuxrelad dacva seriozulad Secvlida
msoflios enaTa rukas da amJamad damoukidebel enebad miCneuli erTeulebi daiSleboda TiT-
qmis usasrulo raodenobis ufro mcire "enebad". magaliTad, imis gamo, rom germanuli, itali-
uri, Cinuri da sxva enebis dialeqtebi ar iZleva gagebinebis saSualebas, isini "enebad" unda ga-
mocxaddnen, xolo raki guruli winadadeba "meviwonie boli" ("Camoviwie xis toti") ar esmis,
vTqvaT, qarTlels, guruli da qarTluri sxvadasxva "enebad" unda migveCnia".
axla vnaxoT, ra uyo am Teziss a.onianma da ra daskvna moayola Tavisive qmedebas.
oponenti wers:
"saqmeSi gaurkvevlobis klasikuri nimuSia agreTve debuleba: "Tuki (me miweria, "raki", rom-
lis winac sxva sityvebia, amitom saWiro iyo citirebis dawyeba mravalwertiliT - T.g.) guruli winadadeba
"moviwonie (unda iyos "meviwonie" - T.g.) boli" ("Camoviwie xis toti") ar esmis, vTqvaT, qarTlels, gu-
ruli da qarTluri enebad (me miweria brWyalebiT: "enebad" - T.g.) unda migveCnia" (gvancelaZe, 2002,
39). es debuleba wamoyenebulia enaTa da dialeqtTa erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis
kriteriumad urTierTgagebinebis principis gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod. iqmneba STabeWdi-
leba, TiTqos enaTmecnierebaSi sxvadasxva enebad miiCneodes ori (an meti) iseTi enobrivi sis-
tema, romelze metyvelnic erTmaneTs ver ugeben Tundac romelime erT konkretul
gamoTqmas (yvelaferi sxva Tundac gasagebi iyos; xazgasma Cemia - T.g.) aseTi paradoqsuli gageba
ki enaTmecnierebaSi, ramdenadac vici, ar arsebula arasdros" (oniani, 2003a, gv. 138-139).
jer erTi, oponentma ar daicva citirebis wesi;
meore, a.onianma savsebiT cxad debulebas moaglija dasawyisi, sadac gagebinebis faqto-
ris, rogorc enaTa saklasifikaciod gamousadegari "kriteriumis", winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTsa
da naklzea msjeloba; amoagdo is nawili, sadac germanulis, italiuris, Cinurisa da sxva enaTa
kiloebs Soris arsebul gagebinebis problemazea saubari (amis warmoCena wamgebiani iyo mis-
Tvis).
mesame, oponenti gangeb urevs erTmaneTSi msjelobasa da debulebas. Cemi zemoT citire-
buli Tezisebis mesame punqti msjelobaa da ara debuleba, xolo "meviwonie boli" uamravidan
erT-erTi tipuri magaliTia, romelic Cemi gamogonili ar aris. is qarTleli iv.javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis amJamad ukve gauqmebuli axali qarTuli enis
kaTedris profesoria, romelic studentebs sxva sagnebTan erTad "qarTuli dialeqtologi-
is" kurssac ukiTxavs. swored am profesorma miambo, rom misi meuRlis gurulma naTesavma qal-
ma warmoTqva es winadadeba, romlis Sinaarsi ver gaigo qarTlSi dabadebulma dialeqtolog-
mac ki.
meoTxe, oponentma Cemi teqstis damaxinjebiT "SeZlo" CemTvis mowera, TiTqos me guru-
li da qarTluri enebad mimaCndes da erTaderTi winadadeba megonos aseTi sakiTxis gadawyve-
tisaTvis sakmarisi. Cemi mxridan aseTi ram gamoricxulia Tundac imitom, rom gagebinebas me
16
enis statusis dasadgen kriteriumad ar miviCnev. kargad vici, rom gagebinebis faqtori ar
aris wminda lingvisturi movlena da damokidebulia enobriv saxesxvaobaTa lingvistur siax-
love-siSoreze, pirovnebis kompetenciis (codnis) doneze, asakze, niWze da a.S. (Sdr.: gvancela-
Ze, 2003a, gv. 172). garda amisa, oponenti iviwyebs moxsenebis Tezisebis specifikas, rac saTqme-
lis mokled Tqmas gulisxmobs. amitom me TezisebSi ver CamovTvlidi yvela im gurul winadade-
bas, romelic gaugebari iqneba qarTleli kacisaTvis (Tundac dialeqtologisaTvis).
mexuTe, me rom kargad mesmis erTaderTi magaliTis safuZvelze seriozuli daskvnis ga-
motanis umarTebuloba da saamisod didi masalis gamoyenebis aucilebloba, Cans Tundac Cemi
da gvanca gvancelaZis mier imereTSi Catarebuli erTi eqsperimentis SedegTa analizisadmi
miZRvnili statiidan (gvancelaZeebi, 2003b), romelic moxsenebis saxiT iqna wakiTxuli 2000
wlis 20-21 oqtombers zugdidSi gamarTul XX respublikur dialeqtologiur samecniero
sesiaze da vrcel Tezisebadac gamoqveynda amave 2000 wels (gvancelaZeebi, 2000, gv.47-50).
eqsperimenti Catarda 2000 wlis 25 agvistos imereTSi, sayovelTaod cnobil sofel ge-
laTSi. imerel (kerZod, okribel) cdispirebs, romelTac praqtikulad ar uxdebaT urTier-
Toba sxva dialeqtze metyvel pirebTan, unda waekiTxaT 64 winadadebisagan Semdgari ori xev-
suruli teqsti imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor egebebodnen Zvelad arxoteli xevsurebi axal wels.
cdispirebs yoveli winadadebis wakiTxvis Semdeg imerulad (ukeT, okribulad) unda gadmoe-
caT am winadadebaTa Sinaarsi. miviReT metad sayuradRebo Sedegebi: teqstebis pirveli wakiT-
xvisas imerelma (okribelma) cdispirebma mTlianad sworad gaiges 64 winadadebis mxolod
18,7%, anu winadadebaTa mexuTedze naklebis Sinaarsi, xolo ver gaiges winadadebaTa 81,3%-is
Sinaarsi. rac mTavaria, imerel (okribel) cdispirTaTvis gaugebari darCa, ra iyo aRwerili
teqstebSi: vin, rodis, sad da ra pirobebSi moqmedebda da rogori iyo es moqmedeba. sxvagvarad
Tu vityviT, gairkva, rom imerels (okribels) pirveli kontaqtisas ar esmis xevsuruli.
cdis meore etapze Cven cdispirebs ganvumarteT xevsurul teqstebSi gamoyenebuli
mxolod 6 sakvanZo sityvisa da 1 sintagmis semantika (welwadi "axali weli", jvari "saTemo sa-
locavi", dasturi "salocavis medroSe, xevisberi", fori "alao: wyalSi dambali xorbali da
misi fqvili, romlisganac ixdeba lud-arayi", xaviwi "erboSi moTuTquli fqvili", gamBmari di-
aci "Svilosnobis asaks gadacilebuli qali, romelsac menstruacia aRar mosdis"). amis Sem-
dgom xevsuruli teqstebis gagebis xarisxi radikalurad Seicvala da cdispirebma met-nakle-
bad gaiges winadadebaTa 87,5 %-is Sinaarsi.
Cven rom gagebineba, a.onianis msgavsad, enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis erTaderT kriteri-
umad migveCnia, maSin cdis pirveli etapis dasrulebis Semdgom, 64 winadadebis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT xevsuruli da imeruli sxvadasxva enebad unda gamogvecxadebina, rac, ra Tqma un-
da, yovlad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda.
sxvaTa Soris, Cveni cdis meore etapis monacemebi pirdapiri pasuxia a. onianis mier 138-
e gverdze CvenTvis dasmuli SekiTxvisa: "...rogor gamodgeba ... urTierTgagebinebisaTvis ena,
romlis "ganStoebebze" metyvelnic erTmaneTs ver ugeben?!" urTierTgagebinebisaTvis sakmari-
si yofila ara marto sametyvelo kodis Secvla, razec me zemoT vwerdi, aramed CakiTxva, sakvan-
Zo sityvaTa ganmarteba da a.S.
a. oniani Cvens eqsperiments saerTod ar axsenebs, xolo v. boederma "mowyaled" aRniSna,
empiriuli sociolingvistikis monacemTa gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT "erTi mokrZalebuli
mcdelobaa T. gvancelaZis ... eqsperimenti dialeqtTa gasagebobis Taobaze"-o (boederi, 2005,
gv. 227, Sen. 67). rogorc ityvian, amazedac gmadlob, ufalo, magram "metrisa" da "arbitris"
pozaSi mdgar germanel kolegas mainc vusayvedureb: aravis epatieba citirebis wesisa da saav-
toro uflebebis darRveva: is mokrZalebuli eqsperimenti marto T. gvancelaZes ar Cautare-
bia da pativcemul kolegas Tavisi statiis 227-e gverdze evaleboda Cemi Tanaavtoris, g. gvan-
celaZis xsenebac; v. boeders verc imas movuwoneb, rom Tavisi statiis bolos darTuli lite-
raturis siaSi saerTod ar Seitana Cemi da g. gvancelaZis arc Tezisebi da arc statia (ix. gv.
236).
gagebinebis kriteriumis mixedviT a.oniani uyoymanod acxadebs: "qarTvelur enaTa da
dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis tradiciuli gageba absoluturad zustia. qarTvelur ena-
Ta Sedgeniloba, am gagebis mixedviT, rogorc cnobilia, aseTia (paradoqsia, rom Cven droSi am
sakiTxze msjeloba gaxda saWiro): qarTuli ena (saliteraturo eniTa da dialeqtebiT: qar-
Tluri, kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, aWaruli, raWuli, xevsuruli, fSauri, TuSuri da a.S.), meg-
ruli ena (zugdidur-samurzayanouli, senakuri), lazuri anu Wanuri ena (xofuri, viwur-arqa-
buli, aTinuri), svanuri ena (balszemouri, balsqvemouri, lentexuri, laSxuri, Coluruli).
gasarkvevi, rogorc iTqva, mxolod megrulisa da lazuris urTierTmimarTebaa (damoukidebe-
li enebia isini, Tu - erTi enis dialeqtebi)..." (oniani, 2003a, gv. 140. xazgasma yvelgan Cemia - T.g.).
mkiTxvels vTxov, TviTon gansajos:
sami Tu oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb pirvelad iTqva 1844 wels; a.onianma
ratom gadausva xazi namdvil, mravalsaukunovan did qarTul tradicias da ori imperiis mier

17
bolo 2 saukuneSi Tavsmoxveul Sexedulebas ratom uwoda tradiciuli da Tan
absoluturad zusti?
marTlac saocaria:
rogor SeiZleba absoluturad zusti iyos iseTi "tradiciuli" gageba, romelic imis
garkvevaSic ki ver gviSvelis, megruli da lazuri enebia Tu dialeqtebi? Tu gagebinebis faq-
tori aseTi uebari wamali da zusti kriteriumia, ratom ver iyeneben mas megrulisa da lazu-
ris statusis dasadgenad da ra mizeziT rCeba es sakiTxi gasarkvevi? sainteresoa isic, Tu qar-
Tveluri "enebis" a.onianiseul siaSi ratom ver moxvda taouri, ingilouri, TuSuri, aTinuri
da sxva kiloebi; a.onianis mier aRiarebul e.w. "gagebinebis kriteriums" xom aqac unda emuSava?
pasuxi martivia: megrulisa da lazuris, agreTve svanuri jgufis dialeqtebis enobrivi
statusis garkveva SeuZlebelia mxolod gagebinebis niSnis safuZvelze.
6. marTalia oponenti, roca imeorebs: "...lingvisturi analizi, cxadia, lingvistur
kriteriums unda emyarebodes da ara - aralingvisturs"-o (gv. 139). me didi sixaruliT mivi-
Rebdi mxolod wminda lingvisturi analizis safuZvelze gakeTebul daskvnebs konkretul
enaTa statusis Sesaxeb, magram es rom SeuZlebelia, ra vqnaT?
msoflios enaTa absoluturi umravlesoba ukve kvalificirebulia
eqstralingvisturi kriteriumebiT da arc aravin apirebs gadasinjos maTi statusi a.onia-
nis, k.gabunias Tu v.boederis moTxovniT. sxva SemTxvevaSi, rogorc iTqva, TviT a. onianic aRia-
rebs eqstralingvisturi faqtorebis (politikuri, saxelwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, re-
ligiuri da a.S.) arsebobas da acxadebs: "... arsebobs sxva kriteriumebic, romlebic ara-
lingvisturi (politikuri, saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, religiuri da a.S.)
interesebiT aris nakarnaxevi. (xazgasma Cemia - T.g.), romelTa gamoyenebiTac zogjer (unda iyos
"xSirad" - T.g.) lingvisturi daskvnebis sruliad sawinaaRmdego daskvnebi keTdeba. ase, mag., ze-
mogermanuli da qvemogermanuli, lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT, Cveulebrivi damoukidebeli
enebia, radganac maTze metyveli enobrivi koleqtivebi am enobriv sistemaTa gamoyenebiT urTi-
erTgagebinebas ver aRweven. amis miuxedavad, erovnul-politikuri (e.i. aralingvisturi)
interesebidan amosvliT maT mainc dialeqtebs uwodeben da ara enebs (xazgasma Cemia - T.g.)".
amas mosdevs analogiuri magaliTebis dasaxeleba ruminul-moldovurisa, da serbul-xorva-
tul-slovenurisa (oniani, 2003a, gv. 139-140).
ra gamodis: germanelebs erovnul-politikuri miznebi aqvT da qarTvelebs ara? miT
umetes, germanul da qarTvelur enobriv kontinuumebs Soris arsebuli sxvaoba (qarTuli sa-
literaturo ena saerToqarTveluris gagrZelebaa, germanuli standartuli ena ki samxreT-
germanulis bazazea Seqmnili) qarTvelebs ufro met safuZvels gvaZlevs, erTi dedaena viqoni-
oT... Tu msoflios enaTa didi nawili enebad saxeldebulia erovnul-politikuri interese-
bidan amosvliT, ratomRa ara gvaqvs ufleba qarTvelebs, Cvenc amovideT imave erovnul-poli-
tikuri interesebidan, rogorc es xdeboda XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde, miT umetes, Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT qarTuli samwignobro enis qmnadobis istoriasa da im faqts, rom wminda lingvis-
turi TvalsazrisiT balszemouri, megruli Tu imeruli imaze metad ar arian daSorebuli er-
TmaneTs, vidre zemogermanuli da qvemogermanuli, okis "ena" da oilis "ena", siciliuri da
toskanuri, alJiruli, egvipturi da siriuli! carizmi da sabWoTa xelisufleba swored po-
litikuri interesebidan amosvliT amkvidrebda Tvalsazriss sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis"
arsebobis Sesaxeb da ukve dadga dro, Tavidan moviciloT imperiuli memkvidreoba
qarTvelologiaSi. nuTu amisi Sexsenebaa qaosisa da arev-darevis Semotana enaTmecnierebaSi?
7. kidev erTi "CamWreli" kiTxvaa mocemuli a.onianis statiis bolos; avtori wers:
"Tu, rogorc gvarwmuneben, ori dedaena ar arsebobs da samegrelosa da svaneTis teri-
toriaze (aq aklia lazeTi - T.g.) mcxovrebi mosaxleobis dedaena mxolod qarTulia, ramdena-
dac is aris mTeli qarTveli xalxis samwignobro ena (t.futkaraZe. T.gvancelaZe), maSin
saWiroa pasuxi kiTxvaze: aRniSnul teritoriaze mcxovrebi xalxis im nawils, romelmac qar-
Tuli ena cudad icis, an ar icis, saerTod, an kidev, ar icoda warsulSi, dedaena ara aqvs? (an -
ar hqonda?!). da kidev: mTeli TurqeTis mosaxleobis, maT Soris lazebis, erTaderTi samwig-
nobro ena, rogorc cnobilia, Turqulia, amitom lazebis dedaena Turqulia?!" (oniani, 2003a,
gv. 143).
pasuxs daviwyeb imiT, rom dedamiwis zurgze ar arsebobs Tavis istoriul
teritoriaze mosaxle arcerTi bunebrivi evoluciis gziT Camoyalibebuli eTnosi,
romelsac ar hqondes erTaderTi dedaena. am kategoriis eTnosebSi ver ganixileba erTi sa-
xelmwifos moqalaqeobiT Seqmnili xalxebi, kerZod: Sveicarielebi, amerikelebi, kanadelebi,
avstralielebi da a.S.
msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveynis regionebsa Tu qalaqebSi cxovroben adamianebi, rom-
lebic ver floben dedaenas (erovnul enas) da sicocxlis bolomde dialeqtze laparakoben;
ra Tqma unda, maT dedaena aqvT, vinaidan dialeqti dedaenis Semadgenelia; ratom aRmoCnda
amis gageba rTuli pativcemuli oponentisTvis (Cvens naSromebSi saTanado faqtebicaa dasaxe-
lebuli!)? garda amisa, sxva qveynis SemadgenlobaSi moqceuli avtoqToni sazogadoeba (mag.,
18
taoelebi, maWaxlelebi, lazebi...) Tu ver flobs istoriul dedaenas da mxolod sakuTar ki-
losa da qveynis saxelmwifo enaze metyvelebs, ratom keTdeba daskvna, rom lazebis dedaena
Turqulia?
sakuTar istoriul samSobloSi mcxovreb eTnosebSic arian orenovani socialuri (da
ara teritoriul-saTemo) Tu repatriirebuli/migranti jgufebi; magaliTad, somxeTSi cxov-
roben rusulenovani, frangulenovani... somxebi, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom vinmem seriozu-
lad amtkicos, somxeTSi mosaxle somexi xalxis dedaenebia somxuri, rusuli da frangulio.
roca Cven vsaubrobT mTlianad somex xalxze, aucileblad vityviT, rom am bunebrivi eTnosis
dedaena somxuria. 1844 wlamdec da mas Semdegac logikurad moazrovne yvela adamiani ambobs,
rom qarTveli eris dedaena qarTulia, a.oniani ki cdilobs dagvarwmunos, rom lazeT-samegre-
losa da svaneTis qarTvelobas ori dedaena aqvs (ruseTis imperia mesame "dedaenasac" - ru-
sulsac - akanonebda!).
arsebiTia imis Tqmac, rom a.oniani da Cven sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT (semantikiT)
viyenebT termins "qarTuli ena".
a.onianisaTvis (agreTve k.gabuniasaTvis, v.boederisa da yvela im pirisaTvis, vinc izia-
rebs mosazrebas sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb) termini "qarTuli ena" ori
mniSvnelobis mqonea:
a. "qarTuli ena" aRniSnavs sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enidan" erT-erTs, romelic opo-
ziciaSia svanur "enasTan", megrul "enasTan" da lazur "enasTan", anda svanur "enasTan" da meg-
rul-Wanur (zanur, kolxur) "enasTan". danarCeni ori Tu sami "enisagan" am semantikiT gamoyo-
fil erTeuls aqvs Tavisi sakuTari teritoriuli variantebi: qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli,
guruli, aWaruli, leCxumuri, raWuli, mesxuri, livanuri, maWaxluri, fSauri, xevsuruli,
mTiuluri, moxeuri, TuSuri, heruli (ingilouri), fereidnuli, yizlar-mozdokuri, "Cvene-
burebis qarTuli". es ukanasknelni am "enis" dialeqtebi anu kiloebia da maTTan ar erTiandeba
balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri, lentexuri, Coluruli, megruli da lazuri.
b. termini "qarTuli ena" niSnavs e.w. qarTebis (aseTi tomi arc erT wyaroSi ar saxelde-
ba!) enis prestiJul, normirebul, maRali socialuri statusis mqone samwignobro saxesxvao-
bas, romelsac sxvagvarad `qarTul samwignobro (saliteraturo) enasac" uwodeben.
miiCneva, rom pirveli mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli termini "qarTuli ena" yovelTa qar-
TvelTa dedaenas ar gulisxmobs (amisi miniSneba gansaxilvel amonaridSic Cans), xolo termi-
nis meore mniSvnelobiT nagulisxmevi erTeuli megrelis, lazisa da svanis kuTvnilebacaa. xSi-
ria SemTxvevebi, roca es ori mniSvneloba ireva erTmaneTSi da logikur Seusabamobas qmnis,
swored am Seusabamobis dasaZlevad SemoRebul iqna terminologiuri Sesityveba "qarTuli ena
- qarTveli xalxis saerTo-saxalxo erovnuli ena", romliTac aRiniSneba mxolod qarTuli sam-
wignobro (saliteraturo) ena. magaliTad, a.oniani wers: "gvaqvs amrigad, sami (Tu oTxi) qarTve-
luri ena, romelTa Soris qarTuli enis mniSvneloba sruliad gansakuTrebulia; gansakuTrebu-
lia, radganac qarTuli iyo mudam mTeli qarTveli xalxis bunebrivi (da ara - Tavsmoxveuli) saer-
To-saxalxo erovnuli ena, mecnierebis, kulturis ena da erTaderTi saliteraturo ena. es aris is
didi tvirTi, rac istoriam qarTvelur enaTagan mxolod qarTuls daakisra da ris gamoc is aris
swored sruliad saqarTvelos saerTo-saxalxo ena da qarTveli xalxis erTianobis burji.
danarCeni qarTveluri enebi ki, romlebic lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT, rasakvirvelia, Cveulebri-
vi enebia, funqcionalurad (sazogadoebriv-saxelmwifoebrivi funqciis mixedviT) qarTuli enis
dialeqtebs utoldebian. am mxriv qarTul saliteraturo enasTan isini iseTsave mimarTebaSi
imyofebian, rogorSic - qarTuli enis dialeqtebi. ase iyo es istoriulad da asea amJamadac"
(oniani, 2003a, gv. 141; xazgasma Cemia - T. g.)
aseTsave msjelobas waawydebiT saskolo da sauniversiteto saxelmZRvaneloebSi, encik-
lopediaSi, cnobarebSi, presaSi... aSkaraa, rom es gaWirvebuli msjelobaa: iZulebuli arian
daZlion zemoT xsenebuli logikuri Seusabamoba da amtkiceben, rom arsebobs qarTvelTa sami
Tu oTxi ena, magram, amaTgan erTia mTavari, danarCenebi ki… enebicaa da dialeqtebico. hiuit-
foirStain-gipertisa da ianovskebis msgavsnic amCneven am Seusabamobas da gvikiJineben, Tu sami
an oTxi ena gaqvT, erTi eTnosi ar yofilxarTo; "qarTebis enas" Tavs axvevT megrelebsa da sva-
nebso; maT sakuTari anbani da damwerloba sWirdebaTo da am "qvelmoqmedebiTi" motiviT iqmne-
boda da dResac iqmneba qarTvelTa damacalkevebeli "axali saliteraturo enebi" Tu koncef-
ciebi (masalis nawili ix. danarTSi)....
araviTari logikuri Seusabamoba ar axlavs Cven mier aRdgenil Tvalsazriss, romelic
arakeTilmosurnesac aclis saTqmels. termins "qarTuli ena" Cven erTaderTi mniSvnelobiT
viyenebT:
saerToqarTveluri enis uSualo memkvidre qarTuli anu qarTveluri ena aris
yovelTa qarTvelTa saerTo-saxalxo enac da maTi erTaderTi dedaenac, miuxedavad imisa,
icis Tu ara yvela qarTvelma Tavisi dedaenis socialuri (prestiJuli da normirebuli) sa-
xesxvaoba - qarTveluri samwignobro ena. es socialuri saxesxvaoba arc erTma qarTvelma ar
icis srulad saTanado ganaTlebis miRebamde. amitom absurdia imis Tqma, rom vinc ar icis, an

19
cudad icis qarTuli (qarTveluri) samwignobro ena, mas dedaena ara aqvs. magaliTad, pira-
dad me skolaSi wasvlamde ar vicodi qarTuli samwignobro ena, magram mqonda dedaena imeruli
dialeqtis saxiT, romelic Cveni dedaenis mikrovariantia, rogorc yvela sxva qarTveluri ki-
lo; aseve, mxolod sakuTar (balszemour, balsqvemour, laSxur, lentexur, Colurul, meg-
rul an lazur) kiloze molaparake romelime svans, megrelsa Tu lazs TavisTavad aqvs
istoriuli dedaena - qarTuli samwignobro ena, maSinac ki, Tu man es ar icis (analogiuri
iaponuri masalis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix. t.futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 56).

20
 ***
a. onianis pirveli sapolemiko werilis mimoxilvis Semdeg maincdamainc saxarbielo das-
kvna ver gamogvaqvs:
1. oponenti usabuTod da kategoriulad uaryofs im istoriul faqts, rom lingvis-
tur qarTvelologiaSi Cveni amJamindeli diskusiis dawyebamde gavrcelebuli iyo samecniero
Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac arsebobs erTaderTi qarTveluri (qarTuli) ena, romlis Se-
madgeneli nawilebia: qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, aWaruli, livanuri, maWaxluri,
taouri, imerxeuli, mesxuri, javaxuri, leCxumuri, raWuli, fSauri, mTiulur-gudamayruli,
moxeuri, xevsuruli, TuSuri, heruli(ingilouri), fereidnuli, yizlar-mozdokuri, "Cvene-
burebis qarTuli", megruli, lazuri, balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri, lentexuri da
Coluruli. oponenti ar scnobs im faqtsac, rom am Tvalsazriss iziarebdnen rogorc lingvis-
tebi, ise mravali sazogado da saeklesio moRvawe.
2. mravalsaukunovani didi tradiciis arsebobis uaryofiT oponenti mis Seqmnas mogva-
wers t. futkaraZesa da me, rac ar Seefereba sinamdviles. amis paralelurad igi mravasaukuno-
van qarTul tradiciad acxadebs Tvalsazriss sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesa-
xeb, rasac ara aqvs aranairi faqtologiuri safuZveli.
3. oponenti kategoriulad acxadebs, rom enisa da dialeqtis erTmaneTisagan gasamijnad
enaTmecnierebas moepoveba erTaderTi zusti kriteriumi gagebinebis saxiT, Tumca TviTonve
upirispirdeba sakuTar pozicias, roca aRniSnavs, rom msoflioSi iSviaTi ar aris SemTxvevebi,
roca konkretuli enobrivi saxesxvaoba enad miiCneva ara gagebis niSnis gamoyenebis safuZvel-
ze, aramed politikuri, saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, religiuri da sxva interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. winaaRmdegobriobis magaliTebi a. onianis ganxilul statiaSi sxvac bevria,
magram misi mTavari problema isaa, rom ar aRiarebs: gagebineba lingvisturi kriteriumi ar
aris.
4. oponenti arc imas iTvaliswinebs, rom gagebineba gaZnelebuli an SeuZlebelic kia
msoflios mravali enis (germanulis, frangulis, italiuris, somxuris, arabulis, Cinuris...)
dialeqtebs Sorisac, ris gamoc es eqstralingvisturi kriteriumi (gagebineba) ver CaiTvle-
ba enisa da dialeqtis statusis ganmsazRvrel erTaderT da Tanac zust sazomad.
5. oponenti gansaxilveli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebuli uamravi naSromidan ar imowmebs
arc TavisTvis sasargeblos da arc misi poziciis sawinaaRmdegos. es mas imisTvis sWirdeba, rom
sakuTari Sexeduleba udavo WeSmaritebad da aqsiomad moaCvenos sakiTxSi gaurkvevel mkiT-
xvels (es, ra Tqma unda, mkiTxvelis Seuracxyofacaa).
6. oponenti arRvevs akademiuri polemikis elementarul wesebs; metic, zogjer me da t.
futkaraZes mogvawers imas, rac ar dagviweria da arc SeiZleboda dagvewera.
7. oponentis pirvel sapolemiko werilSi uxvad gabneuli araakademiuri gamonaTqvamebi
gamoyenebulia misi winaaRmdegobrivi, uargumento msjelobis SesaniRbad da Cven mier
reabilitirebuli mravalsaukunovani qarTuli erovnuli didi tradiciis diskreditirebi-
saTvis.

***
Tavis meore sapolemiko werilSi [oniani, 2003b] a. onianma xelaxla scada gaebaTilebina
Cemi da t. futkaraZis ZiriTadi debulebebi. mivyveT Tanmimdevrulad da vnaxoT, ra siaxlea a.
onianis am statiaSi:
1. oponents ar moswonebia Cemi daskvna, rom "arc erTi seriozuli da profesionali
enaTmecnieris arc erT naSromSi arasodes yofila mcdeloba mxolod gagebinebis niSniT ga-
mijnuliyo erTmaneTisagan konkretuli ena da dialeqti" [gvancelaZe, 2003b, gv. 106]
miaqcieT yuradReba imas, rom me vacxadeb, "mxolod gagebinebis niSniT"-meTqi, rac imas
niSnavs, rom am mizniT gagebinebasTan erTad, Cveulebriv, sxva faqtorebsac iyeneben.
oponents Cemi statiis am nawilis wakiTxvis Semdgom Cauxedavs e. hempis "amerikuli lin-
gvisturi terminologiis leqsikonsa" (moskovi, 1964) da "qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis" III
tomSi (Tbilisi, 1978), mec momiwodebs, Senc Caixedeo da Tavmomwoned mohyavs Cemi "sawinaaR-
mdego" citatebi, romlebsac aqve gTavazobT:
e. hempi (Targmani a. onianisaa): "Tu enobrivi cvlilebebi xorcieldeba adamianTa jgufeb-
Si [unda eweros: "adamianTa jgufebis metyvelebaSi" - T.g], romelTa Soris gagebineba gaZnelebulia,
maSin es jgufebi metyveleben erTi enis dialeqtebze. es termini (dialeqti - a.o.) umjobesia
vixmaroT SezRuduli mniSvnelobiT metyvelebis iseTi formis aRsaniSnavad, romelic ar gan-
sxvavdeba metyvelebis sxva formisagan imdenad, rom gaugebari iyos, misTvis, vinc am ukanas-
knelze metyvelebs" [hempi. 1964, gv. 64; oniani, 2003b, gv. 177-178. xazgasma Cemia - T. g.]
oponentma e. hempis am debulebis damowmebisas yuradReba ver miaqcia citatis pirvel na-
wils, sadac e. hempi (l. blumfildze dayrdnobiT) aRiarebs, rom gagebineba gaZnelebuli SeiZ-
leba iyos aramcTu enaTa, dialeqtTa Sorisac ki da dialeqtTa Soris sxvaobis safuZvlad
enobrivi cvlilebebi gamodis. e. i. e. hempma icis, rom dialeqtTa gamoyofisas saWiroa ara mar-
21
to gagebinebis faqtoris, aramed enobrivi cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebac, anu sazomi erTi ki
ara, ori mainc unda iyos. rac Seexeba citatis meore nawils, masSic ar weria kategoriulad,
rom enisa da dialeqtis gasamijnad mxolod gagebineba unda gamoviyenoT. "umjobesia" imas niS-
navs, rom e. hempi ar gamoricxavs sxva faqtorTa gamoyenebas.
kvlav e, hempi: "Tu enobrivi cvlilebebi xorcieldeba adamianTa iseT jgufebSi [unda
iyos: "adamianTa jgufebis iseT metyvelebaSi" - T.g.], romelTa Sorisac gagebineba SeuZlebeli
xdeba (am cvlilebaTa Sedegad), maSin es jgufebi metyveleben monaTesave enebze" (hempi, 1964, gv.
182; oniani, 2003b, gv. 178).
l. blumfildis Sexedulebaze damyarebuli es debuleba ewinaaRmdegeba wina citatis
debulebas, rom gagebineba aseve gaZnelebuli SeiZleba iyos dialeqtTa Sorisac. gamodis,
rom gagebinebis niSnis gamoyenebisas erTi da igive enobrivi saxesxvaobebi dialeqtebadac SeiZ-
leba kvalificirdes da enebadac.
"qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia", t. III: "ama Tu im enis dialeqti upirispirdeba imave
enis sxva dialeqts an dialeqtebs bgeriTi SedgenilobiT, gramatikiT, sityvawarmoebiT,
leqsikiT. es sxvaoba SeiZleba iyos mcire (roca mocemuli enis sxvadasxva dialeqtebze met-
yvelni erTmaneTs ugeben: mag., slavuri enebis dialeqtebi) an didi (roca molaparakeTa
urTierToba gaZnelebulia)" [qsu,1978, gv. 496; oniani, 2003b, gv. 178. xazgasma Cemia - T.g.]
rogorc vxedavT, am citataSic miTiTebulia ara erTi, aramed ori niSani: enobrivi
sxvaobani da gagebineba. metic, aq gagebinebis siZnele dialeqtebs Sorisac mieTiTeba. a. onia-
nis logikiT ki, Tu gagebineba gaZnelebulia, maSin saqme sxvadasxva enasTan gvaqvs.
maSasadame, oponentma ver miagno misTvis sasargeblo da Cvens gamamtyunebel masalas e.
hempis leqsikonsa da qarTul enciklopediaSi, piriqiT, mis mier moxmobili masala Cvens wis-
qvilze asxams wyals.
2. mas Semdeg, rac sakuTar Tavs waarTva argumenti, oponenti wers:
"T. gvancelaZe, amis miuxedavad (wesiT, unda eweros: "amis gaTvaliswinebiT" - T. g.), pirdapir ac-
xadebs: "enaTmecnierebas enisa da dialeqtis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis, agreTve enaTa genealo-
giuri klasifikaciis zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumi, samwuxarod, jerac ar moepoveba"... da-
locvilo, Tu enisa da dialeqtis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis mecnieruli kriteriumi ar mogepo-
vebaT, maSin saidan iciT ase dabejiTebiT, romelia ena da romelia dialeqti?! saidan iciT, ma-
galiTad, rom megruli, lazuri da svanuri dialeqtebia da ara enebi?! mecnieruli kriteriu-
mebis gareSe sakiTxTa gadawyvetiT SeiZleba miviRoT mxolod absurdi (vTqvaT, iseTi, rogo-
ric aris qarTvelur enaTa ararsebobis axirebuli "mtkiceba"), mecnierebasTan ki mas saerTo
araferi aqvs" [oniani, 2003b, gv.178]
oponentis mier citirebuli Cemi daskvna axireba ar aris; igi emyareba
mravalricxovani, konkretuli tipuri enobrivi masalis analizs, rac warmodgenili maqvs
Cemi naSromis 16 gverdze, romlis Semdgomac vwer: "vfiqrobT, zemoT mimoxiluli faqtobrivi
masala sruliad sakmarisia imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom msoflios enaTa genealogiuri
klasifikacia ar emyareba erTian kriteriumebs. metic, amgvari kriteriumebi arc arsebobs,
ris gamoc arsebul "klasifikaciebs" yvelaze xSirad safuZvlad udevs ara lingvisturi sazo-
mebi, aramed tradicia da konkretuli saxelmwifos Tu eTnosis interesebi" (gvancelaZe, 2003b,
gv. 118-119).
oponents daaviwyda, rom msgavsi daskvna TviTonac aqvs gamotanili Tavis pirvel sapole-
miko werilSi: "... arsebobs sxva kriteriumebic, romlebic aralingvisturi (politikuri,
saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri, religiuri da a.S.) interesebiT aris nakarnaxevi,
romelTa gamoyenebiTac zogjer lingvisturi daskvnebis sruliad sawinaaRmdego daskvnebi
keTdeba" (oniani, 2003a, gv. 139. xazgasma Cemia - T.g.).
oponentma, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, verc is SeniSna, rom e.hempis, l.blumfildisa da "qar-
Tuli sabWoTa enciklopediis" ganmartebebi Cven gviWers mxars da ara mas.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu saidan viciT, rom megruli, lazuri da svanuri enebi ar aris, amis Se-
saxeb zemoT ukve iyo saubari, aq ki mokled vityvi: Cven es viciT mravalsaukunovani didi erov-
nuli tradiciidanac da im naSromebidanac, romlebic gamoqveynebulia XIX saukunesa da XX
saukunis pirvel oTx aTwleulSi. da Tu amas mecnierebasTan saerTo araferi aqvs, Tu igi ab-
surdi da axirebaa, maSin oponentma igive unda Tqvas germanel, frang, italiel, arab, somex, Ci-
nel da sxva erovnebis im lingvistTa Sesaxebac, romlebic problemas sociolingvisturi kuT-
xiT udgebian da xelmZRvaneloben tradiciiT, saxelmwifos an eTnosis interesebiT.
3. oponenti kvlav kategoriulad acxadebs: "iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac qarTvelur enaTa
realurobas uyoymanod aRiarebs uklebliv yvela avtoritetuli specialisti - qarTveli
Tu araqarTveli (i.javaxiSvili, n.mari, h.SuxarTi, a.SaniZe, g.axvlediani, i.yifSiZe, g.deetersi,
v.Tofuria, a.Ciqobava, h.fogti, g.wereTeli, g.meliqiSvili, T.gamyreliZe, g.maWavariani, t.gu-
dava, g.klimovi, k.Smidti, h.fenrixi, v.boederi, z.sarjvelaZe, b.gigineiSvili da mravali sxva),
absoluturad gaugebaria naklebad kompetenturi avtorebis (giuldenStedtis, erkertisa
da sxvaTa) gamonaTqvamebiT am gagebis uaryofis cda. araseriozulia am mizniT Tundac a.we-
22
reTlisa da i.gogebaSvilis gamonaTqvamebis moSvelieba; araseriozulia, radganac am avtorebs
enisa da dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis lingvisturi problema, gasageb mizezTa gamo,
arasdros ukvleviaT. i.javaxiSvilma, a.SaniZem da sxvebma icodnen, ra Tqma unda, Cveni saxelova-
ni winaprebis es gamonaTqvamebi (T.gvancelaZis mier citirebuli), magram amis gamo qarTvelur
enaTa realurobaSi eWvi arasdros SeutaniaT. nuTu ase Znelia amgvar umartives sakiTxebSi
garkveva?!" (oniani, 2003b, gv. 178-179. xazgasma Cemi - T.g.).
zemoT ukve vaCvene, rom a.oniani Tavidan (pirvel werilSi) mkiTxvels umalavda lingvis-
turi qarTvelologiis istoriis im nawils, romelic adasturebs, rom Tvalsazrisi erTader-
Ti qarTveluri enis arsebobis Sesaxeb mravalsaukunovani didi erovnuli tradiciidan momdi-
nareobs da es Sexeduleba mraval avtors aqvs gamoTqmuli XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde. opo-
nenti am mosazrebis avtorobas me da t.futkaraZes mogvawerda. magram roca lingvisturi qar-
Tvelologiis istoria misi sawinaaRmdego faqtebis Semcveli aRmoCnda, axali xerxi gamoiyena
Cvens gasamtyuneblad: qarTvelologebi or kategoriad dayo - avtoritetul specialistebad
da "naklebad kompetentur avtorebad". misTvis avtoritetuli specialistebi mxolod isini
arian, vinc iziarebs Tvalsazriss sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb, sxvebi ki
"naklebad kompetenturi avtorebis" jgufSi Seiyvana, magram mkiTxvels sicrue aqac Semoapara,-
da n.mari, iv. javaxiSvili da akad. g.wereTeli "Tavis" siaSi Seiyvana.
niSandoblivia, rom oponentma meore werilSi veraferi mouxerxa iseT avtoritetul
specialistebs, rogornic iyvnen, magaliTad, a.cagareli da p.Waraia. pirvel werilSi am ori
mkvlevridan a. cagareli qarTvelur "enaTa" arsebobis uyoymanod maRiarebelTa siaSi hyavda
Seyvanili, magram roca Cemi statiebidan gaigo, rom a.cagarelis am jgufSi Seyvana ar SeiZlebo-
da, igi aRarc avtoritetul specialistTa siaSi Seiyvana, verc naklebad kompetentur avto-
rebs miaTvala da ipova gamosavali - saerTod aRar axsena Tavis meore werilSi. rac Seexeba
p.Waraias, igi verc pirveli werilis siaSi moxvda da verc meoresaSi, vinaidan p.Waraias megru-
li enad ar miaCnda... da saerTod, uxerxulia saxelovan winaparTa dayofa kompetentur da nak-
lebad kompetentur avtorebad. kompetenturobis xarisxi zustad ar izomeba (miT umetes, sab-
WoTa samecniero velSi). mecnierebaSi xSirad yofila SemTxvevebi, roca aRiarebas daugviania,
xolo kompetenturad miCneuli avtori droTa manZilze arakompetenturad gamoucxadebiaT
da piriqiT.
oponenti araseriozul cdad miTvlis a.wereTlisa da i.gogebaSvilis gamonaTqvamTa da-
mowmebas, maT sakiTxi sagangebod arasodes ukvleviaTo (bolo dromde problema sagangebod
arc aravis ukvlevia!), imas ki arafrad agdebs, Tu ratom damWirda akakisa da iakobis gamonaT-
qvamTa citireba. saqme is aris, rom Tavis pirvel sapolemiko werilSi a.oniani ramdenimejer
gvisayvedurebda me da t.futkaraZes, erTaderTi qarTveluri enis arsebobis Sesaxeb Tvalsaz-
risi piradad Tqveni gamonagonia da msgavsi ram arc lingvistTagan uTqvams vinmes da arc did
qarTvel sazogado moRvaweTagano (oniani, 2003a, gv. 133, 135, 140, 142, 143). roca me sakmaod
detalurad warmovadgine rogorc lingvistTa, ise sazogado moRvaweTa pozicia am Tvalsaz-
risiT, sxva mizezi rom veraferi ipova, oponentma akakisa da iakobis citireba araseriozulo-
bad CagviTvala. marTalia, akakis enisa da dialeqtis mimarTebis problema arasdros ukvlevia,
magram igi ganaTlebiT lingvisti iyo da hqonda Tavisi, sakmaod argumentirebuli Sexeduleba
mraval lingvistur problemaze, romelsac angariSs uwevda sazogadoeba; iakobi ki Tavisi
drois erT-erTi saukeTeso lingvisti iyo da amis uaryofa ar SeiZleba. Tuki am ori moRva-
wis gamonaTqvamTa moSvelieba ar aris seriozuli saqme, maSin ratomRa gvikiJinebda a.oniani,
Tqvenamde arc erT did moRvawes msgavsi ram ar dauweriao (sinamdvileSi ramdeni kargi lin-
gvisti da mweralia Cveni winamorbedi!).
niSandoblivia a.onianis damokidebuleba g.rozenis mimarTac. es germaneli avtori pirve-
li profesionali lingvisti iyo, vinc safuZveli Cauyara Tvalsazriss sami an oTxi qarTvelu-
ri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb da marTlac uyoymanod idga am poziciaze, Tumca, rogorc iTqva,
Tavisi Sexeduleba ar dausabuTebia (deklaracias sabuTad ver CavTvliT). wesiT, a.onians
g.rozeni aucileblad unda daesaxelebina rogorc pirvel, ise meore statiaSi warmodgenil
uyoymano avtoritetul specialistTa siebSi, magram ase ar moqceula. ratom ar daasaxela a.
onianma g.rozeni? ra Tqma unda, imitom, rom ar surda eRiarebina am Tvalsazrisis qronologi-
uri siaxle. mas xom imisi "damtkiceba" surs, Sexeduleba 3-4 qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesa-
xeb "uxsovari droidan" aris gavrcelebulio, g.rozenis moRvaweobis dro ki "uxsovari" araa!
ai, amitom gaiwira misgan es avtori dasaviwyeblad.
4. oponenti sakiTxis politizebaSi mdebs brals imis gamo, rom me vwer: "sami an oTxi qar-
Tveluri enis arsebobis mtkiceba xelsayreli ar aris arc im mxriv, rom amiT qarTveli eris er-
Tianobis sawinaaRmdego arguments vawvdiT ruseTisa da TurqeTis reaqciul politikosebs..."
(gvancelaZe, 2003b, gv. 132). a.oniani amasTan dakavSirebiT acxadebs, amgvar gancxadebas mecnie-
rebasTan saerTo araferi aqvs, samecniero sakiTxi samecniero argumentaciiT unda wydebodes
da ara xelsayreloba-araxelsayrelobis niSnis mixedviTo (oniani, 2003b, gv. 179).

23
 oponenti aq saqmes ise warmoaCens, TiTqos me lingvistur sakiTxTa ganxilvas Tavs vari-
debde da mxolod erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi mosazrebiT vcdilobde samecniero poziciis
gamyarebas, TiTqos Cemi citirebuli fraza daskvnis saxiT ar mosdevdes 30-gverdian msjelobas
swored lingvistur sakiTxTa Sesaxeb, sadac naCvenebia, rom lingvistikas enisa da dialeqtis
gasamijni kriteriumebi marTlac ar moepoveba da, rogorc ukve araerTxel gavimeore (da es
a.onianmac icis!), aseTi sakiTxebi xSirad aralingvisturi (politikuri, saxelmwifoebrivi,
erovnul-eTnikuri, religiuri da a.S.) faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT wydeba. Tu es msjelobaa
"politikanoba", maSin Cemnairi "politikanebi" yofilan germaneli, frangi, italieli,
somexi, arabi da sxva erovnebis lingvistTa mTeli Taobebi, romlebic swored analogiuri
principiT xelmZRvaneloben TavianTi enobrivi erTeulebis statusis garkvevisas. politikani
yofila v. boederic, romelic uaryofs sayovelTaod cnobil faqtebs zemogermanul da qvemo-
germanul "enebs” Soris didi sxvaobis arsebobisa...
SeniSvna: ise, Tu onians daaviwyda, me gavaxseneb politikanobis erT magaliTs, romelic Sav laqad
darCeba mis biografiaSi: saqarTveloSi momxdari kriminalur-imperiuli putCis Semdeg, 1992 wlis 14-15 iv-
liss, a. onianma gazeT "saqarTvelos respublikaSi” gamoaqveyna statia, romelSic e. SevardnaZis aralegiti-
mur reJims sTxovda: alagmeT T. gvancelaZe da m. Cuxua, rogorc arn. Ciqobavas mowafeebi da prezident z. gamsa-
xurdias Tanamoazreebio. am statias Cemi dapatimreba da m. Cuxuas saqarTvelodan gandevna mohyva.
isev mivubrundeT a. onianis meore werils.
5. a. oniani Cvenca da mkiTxvelsac gvaSinebs, "qarTvelur enaTa” ararsebobis mtkiceba
rom daviwyoT, ucxoeli kolegebi win dagvixvaveben qarTvel da ucxoel mecnierTa gamonaTqva-
mebs da Cven Tavs verafriT vimarTlebTo [oniani, 2003b, gv. 179].
ucxoel "metrTa" "yovlismcodneobiT" damfrTxal oponents kvlav Sevaxseneb, rom
msoflioSi arcerT mecniers ar moepoveba zusti da Semowmebadi, sakuTriv enobrivi
xasiaTis universaluri kriteriumebi enisa da dialeqtis statusis gasarkvevad, ris gamoc
dasavleT evropaSic ki dRemde ver garkveula ramdenime aTeuli enobrivi saxesxvaobis statu-
si; amitom vercerTi ucxoeli iseTs verafers dagvixvavebs, erTxel da samudamod rom gadaw-
ydes qarTvelur ena-kiloTa statusis sakiTxi. erT-erTi ucxoeli kolegis (b-n v.boederis)
Tvalsazrisis analizs qvemoT gTavazobT (imas, Tu ra da rogori codna gamoavlina v. boederma,
mkiTxveli qvemoT ixilavs).
6. onianma citirebis wesis darRveviT "aRmoaCina” urTierTgamomricxavi "debulebebi”;
igi wers:
"axla vnaxoT erT winadadebaSi moqceuli ori urTierTgamomricxveli ”debuleba” (av-
torisave xazgasmiT): ”... erT ers erTi ena unda hqondes (arsebobs am martivi wesis darRvevis
uamravi magaliTic, roca erT enaze mravali eri laparakobs da, piriqiT, roca erTi eris Svi-
lebi garkveuli mizezis gamo sxvadasxva enaze laparakoben)" [gvancelaZe, 2003b, gv, 131]. alogi-
kuri azrovnebis samwuxaro nimuSia es: bavSvmac ki icis, rom wesi faqtobrivi viTarebis mixed-
viT yalibdeba da ara - piriqiT” [oniani, 2003b, gv. 180].
Cems statiaSi rom citirebul monakveTs win ar uZRodes Sesavali da ar mosdevdes sxva
nawili, kaci marTla ifiqrebda, rom me var avtori am mosazrebisa da logikaSic movikoWleb...
magram me citirebul statiaSi Semdegs vwer:
"zemoTac iTqva da aqac gavimeorebT, rom or saukuneze meti xnis winaT, gamoTqmuli da
axlaxan aRdgenili Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac megruli, Wanuri da svanuri enebi ki ara,
erTi enis dialeqtebia (ukeT-dialeqtTa jgufebia), gamoirCeva logikurobiT. vgulisxmobT
imas, rom mTel msoflioSi gavrcelebulia mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad erT ers erTi ena unda
hqondes (arsebobs am martivi wesis darRvevis uamravi magaliTic, roca erT enaze mravali eri lapa-
rakobs da, piriqiT, roca erTi eris Svilebi garkveuli mizezis gamo sxvadasxva enaze laparakoben.
pirveli tipis SemTxvevebTan gvaqvs saqme maSin, roca istoriuli samSoblodan migrirebuli mosax-
leoba dabinavdeba axal teritoriaze, qmnis axal saxelmwifos, magram iyenebs adrindel enas: in-
glisurenovani aSS, kanada, avstralia, axali zelandia, espanurenovani laTinuri amerikis qveynebi,
arabulenovani qveynebi... meore tips ganekuTvnebian msoflios mraval qveyanaSi mcxovrebi ebraele-
bi, somxebis, berZnebisa da sxva xalxTa diasporebi). giuldenStedt-futkaraZis Tvalsazrisi
logikurad misdevs am wess: raki megrelebi, lazebi, svanebi, qarTlelebTan, kaxelebTan, ingi-
loebTan erTad erT ers qmnian, maTi Sinauri sametyvelo kodebic erTi da imave enis nawilebi,
misi teritoriuli variantebia. ara gvgonia, am logikuri Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdego serio-
zuli argumenti aRmoaCndes romelime qarTvel lingvists” [gvancelaZe, 2003b, gv. 131].
didi dakvirveba ar sWirdeba imis mixvedras, rom aq debuleba Camoyalibebulia frCxi-
lebis gareT, frCxilebSi ki saubaria meoreul SemTxvevebze, gamonaklisebze. garda amisa, pir-
dapiraa miTiTebuli, rom es debuleba Cemi Seqmnili araa da igi mTel msoflioSia aRiarebu-
li. amrigad, es wesi exeba sakuTar istoriul samSobloSi mosaxle bunebriv eTnosebs da
ara migraciebisa da Serwymis gziT Camoyalibebul meoreul eTnosebs, an diasporebs. ase rom,
araviTari alogikuroba da urTierTgamomricxveloba aq ar aris: gamonaklisebi adastureben
wess.

24
 7. a. oniani erTgan niSnis mogebiTac wers, ”T, gvancelaZes praqtikulad ar ukvlevia
"qarTveluri enebio” [oniani, 2003b, gv. 180]. diax, es "enebi” ar mikvlevia, radgan isini ar arse-
bobs, samagierod 52 samecniero naSromi maqvs gamoqveynebuli rogorc qarTuli samwignobro
enis, ise qarTvelur dialeqtTa struqturisa da istoriis sakiTxTa Sesaxeb, maT Soris
qarTuli enis saxelmZRvanelo, dawerili afxazur enaze afxazi mkiTxvelisaTvis. Tumca
amas a. onianisaTvis aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, mogexsenebaT, mavans SeuZlia riyeze ver dai-
naxos qva.
8. oponenti daujerebel paradoqsad miiCnevs daskvnas imis Sesaxeb, rom "... enaTmecnier-
Ta mier dRemde Sedgenili uklebliv yvela klasifikacia [msoflios enebisa] fiqciaa da emyare-
ba ara sakuTriv lingvistur kriteriumebs, aramed eqstralingvistur faqtorebs” [gvancela-
Ze, 2003b, gv. 112].
am daskvnas safuZvlad konkretuli faqtebi udevs. aq kidev erTxel gavimeoreb: aris Tu
ara metismetad pirobiTi (fiqtiuri) iseTi klasifikaciebi, sadac gaurkveveli rCeba msofli-
oSi savaraudod (!) arsebuli 7000 enobrivi erTeulidan xuTi aTasis statusi?
amrigad, a. onianis meore sapolemiko werili didad ar gansxvavdeba pirvelisagan, Tu ar
CavTvliT utaqtobis axal xarisxs. oponenti amjeradac cdilobs, uaryos realuri faqtebi, ga-
ayalbos Cemi mosazrebebi da momaweros is, rac me ar mekuTvnis. garda amisa, igi zogjer ise Cqa-
robs, rom sakuTar Tavsac upirispirdeba da TviTonve abaTilebs Tavissave debulebebs.
a.onianis rogorc pirveli, ise meore werili Sors aris rogorc marTebulad gaazrebuli
qarTvelologiis istoriisgan, aseve sworad warmarTuli lingvisturi analizisgan.

"mxolod lingvistur" kriteriumTa ZiebaSi

kaxa gabunia a. onianis orive statiis gamoqveynebis Semdgom CaerTo diskusiaSi. isic
cdilobs, daicvas Tvalsazrisi sami qarTveluri "enis” arsebobis Sesaxeb (mas erT enad miaCnia
megruli da lazuri). SedarebiT mokled komentarebiTurT warmovadgenT k. gabunias ZiriTad
argumentebs:
1. statiis dasawyisSi k. gabunia aRniSnavs, rom sabWoTa periodSi ar xdeboda sinqroni-
uli sociolingvistikis xelSewyoba. Semdeg ki avtori acxadebs: ”...zanur-svanur-qarTuli so-
ciolingvisturi urTierTmimarTeba gadahqondaT wminda pilitikur WrilSi, rac xSirad araa-
dekveturi daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas aZlevdaT mkvlevrebs” [gabunia, 2004. gv. 166]. e.i.
gamodis, rom sinqroniul sociolingvistikas xels ar uwyobdnen, magram imave sinqroniuli so-
ciolingvistikis principebs mainc iyenebdnen. avtors SeeZlo, ufro dakvirvebiT emsjela da
eTqva, rom rogorc carizmis, ise sabWoTa periodSi enobriv saxesxvaobaTa statusis
sakiTxi politizirebuli iyo da kontroldeboda xelisuflebis mier. es iqneboda simar-
Tle. saTqmeli iyo isic, rom araadekvaturi daskvnebi xSirad SekveTili iyo imave imperiuli
xelisuflebisagan.
2. mosawonia da, rac mTavaria, simarTlea k. gabunias daskvna, rom ”politikuri motiva-
ciiT qarTveluri eTnikuri jgufebi - megrelebi da svanebi [unda daematos lazebic - T.g.]
cxaddebodnen calke erebad, maTi avtonomiis (laparakia politikur avtonomiaze) statusiT
gamoyofis uflebiT. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobdnen rusuli specsamsaxurebis mier mar-
Tuli angaJirebuli mecnier-mkvlevrebi” [gabunia, 2004, gv. 166-167]. am swor daskvnas erTi
nakli mainc aqvs: megrelTa, svanTa da lazTa calke erebad gamocxadeba efuZneboda mosazrebas
sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis” arsebobis Sesaxeb, romelic aseve xelisuflebis nebiT inerge-
boda. amis aRiareba ki avtorma ar isurva, ra Tqma unda, imitom, rom ar undoda misTvis misaRe-
bi Tvalsazrisis mTavari naklis aRiareba.
3. samwuxarod, k. gabunia, a. onianis msgavsad, ar icnobs zogadlingvistur literatu-
ras. amitom masac ukvirs, rom dRemde ar arsebobs enisa da dialeqtis erTmaneTisagan gammijnavi
kriteriumebi [Sdr.: futkaraZe, 2003g; gvancelaZe, 2003b] da hgonia, rom amis gamo sakiTxis mec-
nieruli kvleva SeuZlebelia [gabunia, 2004, gv. 167-168]. mas aviwydeba, rom ena da misi varian-
tebi rTuli bunebis fenomenebia da maTTan dakavSirebuli zogi sakiTxis kvleva socialuri,
politikuri, kulturologiuri da sxva aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT bunebrivicaa da miRebu-
lic msoflios mowinave qveynebSi. mas arc is axsendeba, rom ena da misi variantebi swored ma-
Ti rTuli bunebis gamoc da maTi funqciebis socialurobis gamoc ver iqneba daclili socia-
luri da politikuri datvirTvisagan. aq uadgiloa aseTi scientizmi: terminebi "ena" da”"dia-
leqti" "...srulad unda iyos daclili politikuri Tu socialuri datvirTvisagan” [gabunia, 2004,
gv. 168].
4. k. gabunias statiaSi aris mcdeloba, "sakuTriv lingvistikisa” da sociolingvistikis
gamijvnis fonze Camoayalibos enis statusis gamrkvevi "sakuTriv lingvisturi" da sociolin-
gvisturi kriteriumebi.

25
 jer erTi, SedarebiTi enaTmecniereba (komparativistika), dialeqtologia da socio-
lingvistika sxva dargebTan erTad enaTmecnierebis dargebia da sociolingvistika ar aris ga-
mijnuli "sakuTriv lingvistikisagan”. sociolingvistika sulac ar aris sociologia an poli-
tologia, igi socialuri lingvistikaa da ikvlevs enas Tavis socialur realizaciaSi, igi ar
uaryofs "sakuTriv lingvistur" monacemebs, iyenebs maT da avsebs enaTmecnierebas im Sexedu-
lebebisa da variantebis codniT, rac enobrivi struqturis farglebSi swored socialuri
realizebis gziT gacxaddeba. es anbanuri WeSmaritebaa. meorec, kriteriumi bevrnairi SeiZle-
ba daiZebnos, mTavaria, problemisadmi swori meTodologiuri midgoma: sxvadasxva enobrivi
kontinuumis Sesafaseblad gansxvavebuli kriteriumebi ar unda gamoviyenoT da arc
mocemuli erTeulis statusi unda ganvsazRvroT sxvadasxvagvarad gansxvavebuli
kriteriumebis manipulirebiT; mag., k.gabunia iziarebs a. onianis debulebas, rom gagebineba
enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis kriteriumia, oRond azustebs: "...gagebinebis kriteriumi sruli-
ad misaRebia sociolingvisturi aspeqtiT klasificirebisas...”-o [gabunia, 2004, gv. 168]. iqve k.
gabunia iziarebs m. qurdianis kategoriul-maqsimalistur uapelacio da usabuTo gancxade-
bas, rom Tu or enobriv saxesxvaobas Soris arsebobs kanonzomieri da regularuli bgeraTSe-
satyvisobani, saqme TiTqos ueWvelad enebTan gvqonia, xolo Tu ar arsebobs - erTi enis dialeq-
tebTan; daskvnac xelT aqvT: mag., svanuri lingvisturad enaa, sociolingvisturad -
dialeqti (es azri n.marisaa!). SevniSnavT, rom m.qurdianis mier "erTaderT ueWvel kriteriu-
mad” gamocxadebul am "sazoms” k. gabunia fonologiis donis "sakuTriv lingvistur kriteri-
ums” uwodebs. man icis, rom kanonzomieri da regularuli bgeraTSesatyvisobani sakmaod xSi-
ria dialeqtebs Sorisac, magram amas am "sakuTriv lingvisturi kriteriumis” seriozul nak-
lad ar aRiqvams [gabunia, 2004, gv. 169].arada, Cems statiaSi mas SeeZlo waekiTxa, rom regula-
ruli da kanonzomieri bgeraTSesatyvisobani marTlac arsebobs aramcTu enebsa da dialeqtebs
Soris, aramed kilokavebs, Tqmebs, qcevebsa da idioleqtebs Sorisac ki [gvancelaZe, 2003 b, gv.
103-105]. magaliTad, am tipis bgeraTSesatyvisobani gvaqvs abazuri enis aSxarul da tapanTur
dialeqtebs Soris, aSxaruli dialeqtis afsuisa da kuvinskis kilokavebs Soris, tapanTuri
dialeqtis fsiJ-krasnovostoCnisa da yubina-elburganis kilokavebs Soris, abazuri enis ta-
panTuri dialeqtis orive kilokavis asakobriv jgufebs Soris, afxazuri enis abJuur da bzi-
fur dialeqtebs Soris, bzifuri dialeqtis samive Tqmas Soris da a.S. aseTi faqtebis arsebo-
bis pirobebSi Tu m. qurdianis "erTaderT ueWvel kriteriums” davemyarebiT, calke enebad
unda gamocxaddnen ara afxazuri da abazuri, aramed, erTi mxriv, aSxaruli, tapanTuri,
bzifuri da abJuuri, aqamde yvela specialists rom dialeqtebi gvegona, meore mxriv, es
oTxi "axalaRmoCenili enac” maSinve unda davyoT kidev ufro mcire "enebad” da miviRebT so-
fel afsuis, kuvinskis, fsiJ-krasnovostoCnis, yubina-elburganis "enebs”, romelTac aqamde ki-
lokavebis statusi hqondaT, mesame mxriv, calke "enebi” unda vuwodoT aacis, lixnisa da oTha-
ris Tqmebs da a.S.
ai, ase, "sakuTriv lingvisturi” midgomiT Seemateba msoflios enaTa ricxvs 11 axali
afxazur-abazuri ena. es magaliTebic kmara imis dasanaxad, rom qurdian-gabunias mier SemoTa-
vazebuli "ueWveli” da ”sakuTriv lingvisturi” kriteriumi veranair kritikas ver uZlebs ise-
ve, rogorc onian-gabunias mier "warmatebulad" gamoyenebuli gagebinebis "kriteriumi”.
5. k. gabunias statiis sayrdeni "kriteriumi” sistemurobaa (romelsac is faqtobrivad
t.futkaraZis naSromidan "sesxulobs"); ratom dasWirda k.gabunias "sistemurobis kriteriu-
mi"?
pirvel rigSi gavixsenoT ras wers t.futkaraZe: "sagangebod aRvniSnavT: enisa da diale-
qtis gamijvnis problema ver gadaiWreba mxolod sakuTriv lingvisturi kriteriumebiT; me-
tic, kulturuli tradiciis mqone msoflios arc erTi ena sakuTriv lingvisturi niSnebiT
(bgeraTSesatyvisoba, morfologiuri da sintaqsur-semantikuri kategoriebi, leqsika) ar
aris saxeldebuli enad; garda amisa, jer aravis daudgenia enobriv cvlilebaTa Tu Tavisebure-
baTa is zRvari, ris Semdegac monaTesave enobriv erTeulTa Soris arsebuli raodenobrivi gan-
sxvavebani gadadis TvisobrivSi, Sesabamisad, sistemis varianti iqceva damoukidebel sist-
emad" (t.futkaraZe, 2003, gv. 206; ix, agreTve, t.futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 66-67).
rogorc iTqva, k. gabunia gagebinebas sociolingvistur kriteriumad miiCnevs, xolo
bgeraTSesatyvisobebs - fonologiuri donis Sesatyvis ”sakuTriv lingvistur” kriteriumad.
misi azriT, "bgeraTSesatyvisoba erTi sistemidan gasvlis da sxva sistemuri mimarTebis Camoya-
libebis TvalsaCino magaliTia. aseve, sistemuri xasiaTis cvlilebebia momxdari monaTeseve
enaTa enebad diferencirebis istoriul procesSi enobrivi ierarqiis sxva doneebzec: morfo-
logiaSi (kerZod, saxelTa brunebis, zmnuri uRlebis qvesistemebSi, sintaqsSi, leqsikologia
[unda iyos: leqsika-T.g.] - semantikaSi...” [gabunia, 2004, gv. 169-170].
erTi SexedviT, aq sadavo TiTqos araferia: germanuli, franguli, sparsuli da rusu-
li enebi, romlebic erTi saerTo fuZeenisagan momdinareoben da ueWvelad damoukidebeli ene-

26
bia, erTmaneTisagan marTlac gansxvavdebian enobriv-ierarqiuli donis sistemebiT; Tumca,
imave germanuli, franguli da sparsuli enebis dialeqtebic amJRavneben sxvaobebs fonolo-
giur, fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur doneebze da am
sxvaobebsac sistemuri xasiaTi aqvT. e.i. sistemurobis ”kriteriumi” zustad iseve moqmedebs
dialeqtTa doneze, rogorc damoukidebel enaTa SemTxvevaSi.
uamravia sapirispiro SemTxvevac: enebad saxeldebuli erTeulebi sistemurad,
Tvisobrivad TiTqmis igiveobrivia (azerbaijanuli da Turquli, moldovuri da ruminuli,
belarusuli da rusuli...); es ki imas niSnavs, rom am ”kriteriums” ar SeuZlia ganasxvavos ena
da misi qvesistemebi, megasistema da sistemebi; Sdr., ierarqia:
idioleqti - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur
TaviseburebaTa erToblioba.
qceva - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur Tavise-
burebaTa erToblioba.
Tqma - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur Tavisebu-
rebaTa erToblioba.
kilokavi - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur Ta-
viseburebaTa erToblioba.
dialeqti - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur Ta-
viseburebaTa erToblioba.
ena - fonologiur-fonetikur, morfologiur, sintaqsur da leqsikur-semantikur Tavisebu-
rebaTa erToblioba.
rogorc vxedavT, enaca da misi mikrovariantebic msgavsi cnebebiT xasiaTdeba; sul
sxva saqmea, rom sxvadasxva donis enobrivi variantebi erTmaneTisagan SeiZleba gansxvavdebod-
nen konkretul enobriv sistemaTa TaviseburebebiT: vTqvaT, erTi dialeqti sxvebisagan SeiZle-
ba sxvaobdes mxolod fonologiur-fonetikuri maxasiaTeblebiT, mxolod morfologiis
mxriv, mxolod sintaqsurad, mxolod leqsikur-semantikurad, anda, zogierTi yvela enobrivi
sistemis mxriv. ramdeni da rogori sistemuri sxvaobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs saqme
damoukidebel enebTan? damoukidebel kiloebTan? damoukidebel TqmebTan? damoukidebel
qcevebTan Tu damoukidebel idioleqtebTan? iSviaTi ar aris SemTxvevebic, roca konkretuli
enis mikrosistemebSi Tavs iCens sruliad axali sistema/sistemebi fonologiur-fonetikur,
morfologiur, sintaqsur Tu leqsikur-semantikur doneebze. aseT SemTxvevebSi, ra Tqma unda,
gaumarTlebeli iqneba mikrovarianti axal enad miviCnioT. ganvixiloT ufro konkretuli ma-
galiTebic:
k. gabunias sityviT, ”qarTul enaSi brunvaTa sistema, sazogadod, 7 wevriT ganisaz-
Rvreba (Tuki mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT e.w. wrfelobiT brunvas, romelic calke msjelobis saga-
nia); qarTuli enis nebismieri dialeqti am zogad sistemaSi eqceva brunebis TvalsazrisiT: yve-
la saxis cvlileba, rac ki dasturdeba ama Tu im dialeqtSi (brunvis sufiqseuli bolokiduri
Tanxmovnis dayrueba, misi dakargva, xmovani elementis mokveca, kumSva Tu asimilacia), invariantisa
da variantis urTierTmimarTebis doneze ganixileba (ix. uTurgaiZe, 1986, 79-65). arsad ar xde-
ba erTi sistemidan gasvla da sistemuri xasiaTis, brunebis paradigmis mimarTebebis Camoyali-
beba... am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTarebaa monaTesave enebSi: zanurSi daSorebiTi, mimarTule-
biTi da daniSnulebiTi brunvebis gaCenam principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi Seitana amosaval
sistemasTan mimarTebiT (igulisxmeba saerTo-qarTveluri sistema). am cvlilebaTa sistemuri
gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT, zanuri ena aSkarad gansxvavebul viTarebas gviCvenebs (ix.:
lomTaZe, 1987; gabunia, 1990)” [gabunia, 2004, gv. 170; xazgasma Cemia - T.g.].
k. gabunias am msjelobaSi ramdenime uzustobaa:
a) samecniero wreebSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa qarTulSi 7 brunvis arsebobis Sesaxeb; sa-
davoa: e.w. wrfelobiTi, saxelobiTi, wodebiTi, lokaluri, nanaTesaobiTari brunvebis sakiT-
xi.
b) zemoT aRniSnuli mizezis gamo arc isaa marTali, TiTqos "qarTuli enis nebismieri
dialeqti am zogad sistemaSi eqceva brunebis TvalsazrisiT”, nuTu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTis kiloebi qarTulis kiloebad ar miaCnia k. gabunias? Tu miaCnia, maSin riTi xsnis am ki-
loebSi 7-ze meti brunvis arsebobas?
g) Tu dialeqtTa erT jgufsa da samwignobro enaSi 7 brunvaa, xolo dasaxelebul mTis
kiloebSi - meti, ar aris es faqti sistemuri sxvaobis maniSnebeli? ra ufleba gvaqvs, profe-
sional mkiTxvels TvalSi nacri vayaroT, an SecdomaSi SeviyvanoT saqmeSi Cauxedavi mkiTxveli,
roca davZaxiT, ”arsad ar xdeba erTi sistemidan gasvla da sistemuri xasiaTis, brunebis para-
digmis wevrTa Soris principulad gansxvavebuli mimarTebebis Camoyalibeba”-o?
d) rbilad rom vTqvaT, dausabuTebeli gancxadebaa, TiTqos brunebis TvalsazrisiT "qar-
Tulisgan" (k.gabunias gagebiT) principulad gansxvavebuli viTareba iyos ”zanur enaSi”: k. ga-
bunias miaCnia, rom megrul-WanurSi daSorebiTi, mimarTulebiTi da daniSnulebiTi brunvebi

27
axali warmonaqmnia, maTma gaCenam principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi Seitana amosaval sistemas-
Tan mimarTebiTo. sinamdvileSi dasaxelebuli brunvebi, xevsurulis msgavsad, Zveli qarTulis
monacemTa saxesxvaobebs warmoadgenen da yovlad ulogikoa aq sistemur sxvaobaze laparaki;
Sdr., t. futkaraZe Tavis monografiaSi (2005, gv.275-276) samarTlianad aRniSnavs:
"qarTvelur dialeqtTa SepirispirebiT Cans, rom amosavali saerToqarTveluri mode-
lebia saxelis Semdegi formawarmoebis ZiriTadi yalibebi:
saxelobiTi (fuZe, fuZe+i (0): kac, kac-i, koC-i...
moTxrobiTi (fuZe, fuZe+0/nawevari/nawilaki): TviTon, abraam, kac-man, koC-q...
micemiTi (fuZe+s /as/an): kac-s, koC-s, ko-s...
naTesaobiTi (fuZe+is/iS/in): kac-isa, koC-iSa...
daniSnulebiTi (fuZe+isad/iSoT/iSd): kac-isad, koC-iSoT...
moqmedebiTi (fuZe+iT): kac-iT, koC-iT...
viTarebiTi (fuZe+ad/oT/d): kac-ad, koC-o(T)..."
maSasadame, irkveva, rom saerToqarTveluri sistemidan momdinareobs ara 7, aramed 8
brunvis modeli, maT Soris mimarTulebiTi da daniSnulebiTi brunvebisac, romlebic sruli-
ad erTgvarovania e.w. qarTulsa da zanurSi. es brunvebi gavrcelebuli iyo ukve klasikuri pe-
riodis adreul ZeglebSi da amJamadac ixmareba zog arazanur dialeqtSic. es imas niSnavs, rom
dasaxelebuli ori brunva zanur ”enaSi” axali warmonaqmni sulac ar yofila, rogorc amas k.
gabunia gvimtkicebs.
k. gabuniasTvis sakmarisi ar aris t. futkaraZisa da Cemi naTqvami, davimowmeb misi da t.
futkaraZis maswavleblis b. jorbenaZis Sexedulebas:
"zanurSi gamoyofen brunvis sam formas, romelic sayrdenad naTesaobiTi brunvis formas
iRebs: saxelobiTi: koC-i; naTesaobiTi: koC-iS(i) > mimarTulebiTi: koCiS-a; daSorebiTi: koCiS-e; da-
niSnulebiTi: koCiS-o(T).
nimuSi megrulidanaa. WanurSi Sesabamisad gveqneba: mimarTulebiTi: koCiS-a, daSorebiTi
koCiS-e, daniSnulebiTi (iseve, rogorc viTarebiTi) Wanurs ar gaaCnia.
megrulis daniSnulebiTi (kuTvnilebiTi) forma zustad imeorebs arqaul qarTulsa da
qarTuli enis mTis dialeqtebSi dadasturebul struqturas: kac-is-ad - koC-iS-o(T) ”kacisTvis”.
rac Seexeba mimarTulebiTi (koC-iS-a ”kacisken” da daSorebiTi//gamosvliTi (koC-iS-e ”kaci-
dan, kacisgan”) brunvis formebs, aqac xerxdeba analogiebis daZebna qarTuli enis zog dialeqtSi
arsebul viTarebasTan” [jorbenaZe, 1995, gv. 125-126].
am citatebze dayrdnobiTac Cans, rom k. gabunia am SemTxvevaSic ar aris marTali: zanu-
ri jgufis dialeqtebsa da sxva dialeqtTa jgufebs Soris sxvaoba minimaluria da araviTari
gansakuTrebuli viTareba Tu sistemuri sxvaoba ar arsebobs. ise, k. gabunia Tanmimdevrulad
da sworad rom iyenebdes "sistemurobis kriteriums”, maSin mas megruli danarCen
qarTvelur dialeqtTa did jgufTan erTad erT enad unda gamoecxadebina, xolo lazuri -
sxva enad, vinaidan lazurSi, rogorc misi maswavlebeli wers, dasaxelebuli sami brunvidan
erTi ar arsebobs. sxva saqmea, rom absurdia ”sistemurobis” niSnis amgvarad gafetiSeba.
igive iTqmis zanur dialeqtebSi lokalur preverbTa sistemis k. gabuniaseuli cal-
mxrivi Sefasebis Sesaxebac [gabunia, 2004, gv. 170-171]: diax, arsebobs am dialeqtebSi zmniswin-
Ta amgvari sistema, magram igi mainc ver gamodgeba imis sabuTad, rom megrul-Wanuri damouki-
debeli enaa. saqme isaa, rom Tuki brunvis sistemaSi samiode viTomda gansxvavebuli erTeulis
arseboba unda miviCnioT imis kriteriumad, rom zanuri ”enaa”, maSin amave wesiT megruli da
lazuri cal-calke enebi yofila, vinaidan megrulSi lokaluri preverbebis raodenoba TiT-
qmis orjer aRemateba lazurisas. arada k. gabunia megrulsa da lazurs sxvadasxva enebad ar mi-
iCnevs. ratom? ”kriteriumi” erT SemTxvevaSi (brunvebisa) Wris, meoreSi (preverbebisa) - ara.
sadaa meTodologiuri Tanmimdevruloba da logika?
sanaxevro simarTlis, ukeT, faqtis miCqmalvis kidev erTi magaliTia k. gabunias katego-
riuli gancxadeba: ”kidev ufro principul sxvaobas iZleva zanuri enis uRlebis sistema swo-
red sistemuri sxvaobis TvalsazrisiT: Tuki ”saerTo” (igulisxmeba ”ZiriTadi” mwkrivebi - awmyo,
uwyveteli, aoristi da a.S.) mwkrivTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT sxvaoba araarsebiTi xasiaTisaa
(am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom principuli sxvaobebi ar momxdara), ”sistemidan gas-
vlis” klasikuri nimuSia e.w. ”meoTxe seriis” formaTa arseboba. bunebrivia, am tipis sxvaobas
variantuloba-invariantulobis doneze ver ganvixilavT” [gabunia, 2004, gv. 171; xazgasma Cemia
- T. g.].
k. gabunia ar amxels, rom nakvTTa meoTxe seriis formebi damaxasiaTebelia ara marto
zanuri dialeqtebisaTvis, aramed imerulisa da leCxumurisTvis, rac safuZvels ufro iZleva,
vTqvaT: e.w. meoTxe serias saerToqarTvelurisgan momdinare mwkrivebi qmnis.
k. gabunias mowonebuli ”sistemuri sxvaobebi” dasturdeba qvemoimerul da zemoime-
rul kilokavebs Sorisac ki (aRarafers vambobT imerxeulsa da taours, taoursa da fereidnuls,
TuSursa da maWaxlurs Soris arsebul sxvaobebze), magram amis gamo maTTvis enebis statusi ara-
vis miuniWebia.
gverds ver avuvli kidev erT "mniSvnelovan sakiTxs"; k.gabunia wers:
28
 ”aqve yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze: zemoT Cven mudam erT kon-
teqstSi movixseniebdiT megrulsa da lazurs; es ar gaxlavT SemTxveviTi. megrulsa da lazurs
Soris enobrivi ierarqiis arcerT doneze, ar dasturdeba arsebiTi sxvaoba, romelic sistemu-
robis xsenebul princips arRvevs; Sesabamisad, megruli da lazuri erTmaneTis mimarT dialeq-
tebia da ara enebi, rac praqtikulad dasturdeba kidec am eTnikur [?! - T.g.] jgufTa komunika-
ciis (igulisxmeba sayofacxovrebo doneze, sociolingvistur aspeqtSi) procesSi: gagebinebis
problema maT Soris ar arsebobs...” [gabunia, 2004, gv. 171-172. xazgasma Cvenia - T.g.].
pirvel rigSi aRvniSnav, rom megrelebi da lazebi ar arian sxvadasxva "eTnikuri jgufe-
bi"; Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, damowmebul citataSi k.gabunia ubralod arasworad, uadgilod iye-
nebs am termins (qarTveli eris daSlis mosurneni Tvlian sxvadasxva eTnosebad/eTnikur jgufebad
sxvadasxva kuTxis qarTvelebs). damowmebul citataSi sakamaTo ufro sxva mxriv gvaqvs:
saqmeSi Cauxedavma pirma SeiZleba irwmunos k. gabunias gancxadeba, TiTqos megrulsa da
lazurs Soris arcerT enobriv doneze ar arsebobdes sistemuri xasiaTis sxvaobani (bolomde
ucnobi rCeba, rodis gadadis raodenobrivi cvlileba sistemurSi/TvisobrivSi!), magram spe-
cialistebma kargad ician, rom es ase sulac ar aris da k. gabunia am SemTxvevaSi sasurvels
realobad gvisaRebs. zemoT ukve aRvniSne, rom erTmaneTs bolomde ar emTxveva megrulisa da
lazuris brunvebis sistema da zmniswinebi, amitom amaze aRarafers vityvi. sxvaobebi sxva enob-
riv doneebzec arsebobs. magaliTad, fonologiur-fonetikur doneze megrulsa da lazurs sa-
erTo TvisebebTan erTad uamravi gansxvaveba axasiaTebs, rac brwyinvaled aqvs aRweril-gaana-
lizebuli am dialeqtTa saukeTeso mkvlevars n. quTelias Tavis monografiaSi [ix.: n. quTelia,
2005]. es sxvaobani sworedac rom sistemuri xasiaTisaa (k.gabunias gagebiT). kerZod, lazurs
megrulisagan ganasxvavebs ~ fonemis mqonebloba, TanxmovanTa meeqvse defeqturi sameulis moS-
la, bgeraTkompleqsebis didi jgufis gansxvavebuli struqtura da a.S. amgvari faqtebis igno-
rireba ar ekadreba kacs, vinc megrul-Wanuri dialeqtebis specialistad Tvlis Tavs. arc imis
daviwyebaa gamarTlebuli, rom TviT lazuris kolokavebs Sorisac ki imdenad xelSesaxebia e.w.
sistemuri sxvaobani, rom zogi mkvlevari am kiloebs dialeqtebadac ki Tvlis (metic, g.karto-
ziam aTinuri kilo svanuris dialeqtad gamoacxada).
k.gabunias citirebul frazaSi aSkara tyuilic aris; is wers: megrulsa da lazurs
Soris gagebinebis problema ar arsebobso; Sdr., specialistis mosazreba:
”...lazuris nebismier kilokavze molaparakes Zalian uWirs aTinuris gageba, maT So-
ris enobrivi komunikacia garTulda. Tavis mxriv garTulda komunikacia lazursa da
megruls Soris. adre maT Soris gagebinebis problema ar mdgara” [quTelia, 2005, gv. 8] xaz-
gasma Cemia - T.g.]. safuZveli ara gvaqvs, ar vendoT Rvawlmosil mecniers da ar virwmunoT is
faqti, rom gagebinebis problema arsebobs ara marto megrulsa da lazurs Soris, aramed TviT
lazuris kolokavebs Sorisac ki.
6. moZvelebuli stereotipis gamovlenis nimuSia k. gabunias kidev erTi gancxadeba,
TiTqos imerul an gurul dialeqtebze mosaubreebs ar esmodeT megruli [gabunia, 2004, gv.
171]. ra Tqma unda, nebismier guruls an nebismier imerels ar esmis megruli iseve, rogorc ka-
xels ar esmis mis mezoblad gavrcelebuli CaRmaTuSuri, magram mdinare cxeniswylis napireb-
ze mosaxle imerlebs (samtrediisa da xonis r-nebi) rom esmiT mezobeli megrelebis metyveleba,
faqtia; k. gabunias SeuZlia abaSis megruls Seudaros "qarTul dialeqtologiaSi" (1961) da-
beWdili samtrediuli teqstebic da adgilze naxos am faqtis realuroba.
k. gabunias statiaSi sxva bevri ramec aris mcdari da sakamaTo (aris marTebuli epizo-
debic!), magram maTze aq aRar SevCerdebi; daskvnis saxiT vityvi:
1. a.onianisgan gansxvavebiT k. gabunia icavs kamaTis kulturas;
2. a. onians gagebinebis "lingvisturi" kriteriumis garda sxva ramis gagonebac ar surs,
k. gabunia ki paralelurad iyenebs sams: gagebinebas, bgeraTSesatyvisobebsa da sistemurobas.
es, ra Tqma unda, winsvlaa wina oponentTan SedarebiT, Tumca, winaaRmdegobrivi meTodologi-
is gamo k.gabunias daskvnebic "haerSia gamokidebuli".
3. araiSviaTad, k.gabunia Tavs aridebs realur faqtebs da sanaxevrod ambobs simar-
Tles; Cemi da t. futkaraZis argumentebis daunaxaoba mafiqrebinebs, rom igi uars ambobs siR-
rmiseul polemikaze da cdilobs daasabuTos amoCemebuli azri. amgvari gziT WeSmariteba ve-
rasodes dadgindeba.

29
 v.boederis "Ria gakveTili"

qarTveluri ena-kiloebis statusis Sesaxeb 2000 wels wamowyebul diskusiaSi 2003

wels CaerTo germaneli qarTvelologi vinfrid boederi; man jer germaniaSi, mainis frankfur-
tis universitetSi Catarebul konferenciaze (12.12. 2003) waikiTxa moxseneba ”sociolingvis-
turi viTareba amJamindel kavkasiaSi”; Semdgom am moxsenebis Sevsebuli, vrceli varianti gamo-
aqveyna Jurnal ”enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebis” 2005 wlis # 1-2-Si (gv. 196-240). winaswar vityvi,
rom v.boederma arbitris roli airCia (misi vrceli statia dawerilia lingvistikis metris
poziciidan), werilSi xSiria ironia, riTac avtori sulac ver arwmunebs mkiTxvels Tavis ”upira-
tesobaSi”. Cemi azriT, diskusiaSi CarTvis win igi valdebuli iyo, jer gaeazrebina mopaeqre mxa-
reTa argumentebi, Semdeg obieqturad Seefasebina poziciebi da mere warmoedgina Tavisi pira-
di Sexeduleba Tu argumentebi sadavo sakiTxTa Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, v. boederi ase ar moiqca:
"ratomRac" man miznad daisaxa daecva Sexeduleba, romelic oficialur poziciad iqca
sabWoTa periodSi (romlis mixedviTac arsebobs sami qarTveluri ”ena”: sakuTriv qarTuli, zanu-
ri da svanuri). sainteresoa isic, rom v.boederma ver Tu ar dainaxa a. onianisa da k. gabunias
msjelobis sisuste, a.onianis taqtis naklovaneba, gverdi auara t.futkaraZisa da am stiqonebis
avtoris argumentebs da nebsiT Tu uneblieT, Tanamzraxvelad moevlina sabWoTa ruseTis ide-
ologebsa da maT evropel msaxurebs (j.hiuits, v.foirStains...).
mkvlevars ufleba aqvs, gaiziaros an gaamyaros nebismieri Tvalsazrisi, magram sxva saq-
mea, Tu ra xerxebiT cdilobs v. boederi Cemi da t. futkaraZis Sexedulebis "uaryofas", ro-
gor "asabuTebs" igi Tavis pozicias da ramdenad gamarTulia mis mier warmodgenili msjeloba;
mivyveT TanmimdevrobiT:
1. oponenti statiis dasawyisSi wers: "qvemore SeniSvnebs ara aqvs axali sityvis preten-
zia arc sociolingvistikis TeoriaSi da arc qarTvelologiaSi. ubralod, ramdenime elementaru-
li faqtis Sexseneba minda, romlebic qarTvelologTa da sociolingvistTa umravlesobisTvis
cnobilia, magram xsenebul diskusiaSi nawilobriv daviwyebuli aRmoCnda” [boederi, 2005, gv. 196];
Cans, "miukerZoebel" avtors "Ria gakveTilis" Catareba ganuzraxavs. gamodgeba ki v. boederi
maswavleblad da moZRvrad? rogoria misi kvlevisa Tu msjelobis meTodi? vis ra ar axsovs (an
vin ver ixsenebs elementarul faqtebs)?
daviwyoT imiT, rom v. boederis werilis SesavalSi gamoyenebul sityvaSi "faqti" igu-
lisxmeba CvenTvis sakamaTo mosazreba; msoflios arc erT enaSi aRreuli ar aris terminebi:
faqti da Tvalsazrisi; mesmis, v.boeders ki sWirdeba zogi Tvalsazrisi winaswarve faqtad ga-
moacxados, magram Tvalsazrisi Tvalsazrisia, faqti ki faqtad rCeba. istoriam uamravi maga-
liTi icis imisa, roca mecnierTa (maT Soris did mkvlevarTa) umravlesobis mier aRiarebuli
mosazreba (v.boederisTvis: faqti) sxvadasxva obieqtur mizezTa gamo gadasinjula; magali-
Tad, enaTmecnierTa mniSvnelovan nawils sakmaod didxans egona, rom qarTuli ena indoevropu-
li warmoSobisaa, aseve bevrs eCveneboda, rom imave qarTul enas braldebiTi brunva aqvs da a.S.
es Sexedulebani dRes ukve Rimils iwvevs da istoriis kuTvnilebaa, miuxedavad maT gamziare-
bel mkvlevarTa didi avtoritetisa.
WeSmaritebis sazomad v. boederi mkvlevarTa raodenobas asaxelebs: "qarTvelologiu-
ri diskusiis miznisTvis savsebiT sakmarisi iqneba, Tu im standartul gansazRvrebas davey-
rdnobiT, ra saxiTac igi enaTmecnierTa umravlesobisTvisaa misaRebi...” [boederi, 2005,
gv.196]. saocaria, romel standartul gansazRvrebasa da romel umravlesobaze SeiZleba sa-
ubari, Tuki qarTvelologTa erTi nawili (maT Soris v. boederi da k. gabunia) miiCnevs, rom
arsebobs sami qarTveluri ”ena”, meore nawili oTx ”enas” gamoyofs, mesame nawili (magaliTad,
a. oniani) yoymanobs da ver gaurkvevia, 3 ”ena” gvaqvs Tu 4, xolo me, t. futkaraZe, r.Serozia,
a.lomTaZe, e. dadiani, m.naWyebia, l. kvantaliani da ukve bevri sxvac miviCnevT, rom arsebobs
erTaderTi qarTveluri ena. vTqvaT, Cven vcdebiT (rac ase ar mgonia!), danarCen sam jgufs ra-
tomRa aqvs erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba, ratom ver iyeneben isini im viTomda
”standartul gansazRvrebas” saimisod, rom bolos da bolos gaerkviaT, sami ”ena” gvaqvs qar-
Tvelebs, Tu oTxi? ratom damala v. boederma is faqti (!), rom qarTvelologTa umravlesoba
erT pozicias ar iziarebs? risi gakveTilia es? rogor SeiZleba ”standartuli” uwodo iseT
rames, rac erTidan oTx erTeulamde ”ver iTvlis”?
momxreTa umravlesobis faqtoris argumentis funqciiT gamoyenebas bolSevizmis su-
ni asdis da, gasaocaria, ratom Seeyara es seni demokratiul qveyanaSi mcxovreb Cvens ”metrs”.
am ”argumentis” gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba Tundac imitom, rom arcTu iSviaTad esa Tu is samecnie-
ro Tvalsazrisi masobrivi SeiZleba aRmoCndes mecnierTa survilis sawinaaRmdegod, rogorc
TviT v. boederi erTgan wers, dainteresebul gareSeTa CareviT, ZaldatanebiT, SemdgomSi ki
droisa da saganmanaTleblo politikis wyalobiT sayovelTaoc ki gaxdes (rogorc wesi, asec
xdeba iseT totalitarul qveynebSi, rogoric iyo sabWoTa kavSiri). amitom, sanam amgvar ”stan-
dartul” gancxadebas gavakeTebdeT, iqneb gagverkvia, Tu rodis da rogor iqca sayovelTaod
aRiarebul "faqtad" sami Tu oTxi qarTveluri enis "arseboba"; SegaxsebebT:
30
 saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg (1991) ukve araerTi naSromi daibeWda,
sadac naTladaa naCvenebi, rom Tvalsazrisi erTze meti qarTveluri enis”arsebobis Sesaxeb
dogmad iqca komunistur imperiaSi (i. stalinis ZalisxmeviT); aqve "dadginda", rom qarTvelTa
or (sam) did jgufs aqvs umwerlobo enebi - e.i. TavianT dedaenaze damwerloba ara aqvT. ara-
da, marTla yvelam icis, rom qarTvelTa samwignobro kultura yvela qarTvelis minimum 15-sa-
ukunovani Semoqmedebaa; Sesabamisad, provokaciaa romelime kuTxis qarTvelTa gamocxadeba
damwerlobis armqone xalxad da dRes maTTvis anbanis Seqmnis cda.
dogmatizmis kidev erTi gamovlinebaa v. boederis Semdegi gancxadebac: ”...mecnieruli
da aramecnieruli enis xmarebis Cveuli kalapotidan gadaxveva gaugebrobebsa da dezorienta-
cias iwvevs. vinc enasa da kilos sxvagvarad gansazRvravs, vidre miRebulia, verafers igebs, da-
kargviT ki bevrs dakargavs” [boederi, 2005, gv. 197]. am SemTxvevaSic igive sakiTxebi wamoiWreba.
garda amisa, sakiTxavia:
ratom ikrZaleba imperiis ideologiaze dafuZnebuli dogmatikis "Cveuli
kalapotidan gadaxveva", miT umetes Tu es kalapoti gaTxrilia ianovskis, vostorgovis,
levickis, grenis, gerSelmanisa da carizmis sxva ideologTa mier?
sabWoTa "sqemebSi" darCeniT ras movigebT imperiuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebis gar-
da?
gana sasargeblo ar iqneba mecnierebisTvisac da qarTveli erisTvisac, Tu am sakamaTo
sakiTxs gadavwyvetT istoriuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT Camoyalibebuli marTebuli sa-
mecniero debulebebisa da Tanmimdevruli meTodologiuri midgomis safuZvelze, rogorc es
xdeba germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, mTel civilizebul msoflioSi? viTom ratom
ara gvaqvs qarTvelebs imis ufleba, risi uflebac aqvT germanelebs, frangebs, italielebsa da
sxvebs?
rogorc vxedavT, samecniero sakiTxis ganxilvis dawyebamac ki jer politikur-ideolo-
giur sakiTxebTan migviyvana. es albaT gaaxarebs Cvens oponents, vinaidan igi qveteqstiT cdi-
lobs Seqmnas STabeWdileba, TiTqos me da t. futkaraZe lingvisturi problemis politizebas
vcdilobT [ix. boederi, 2005, gv. 234-235..., Sdr. a. onianis braldeba da k. gabunias aseTive mi-
niSneba]; sinamdvileSi, Cveni oponentebi ratomRac malaven WeSmaritebas: qarTuli enobrivi
erTeulebis statusis sakiTxis aqtiuri politizacia sabWoTa ideologebma moaxdines da
Cven vcdilobT (mowinaaRmdegeTa qcevidan Cans, sakmao warmatebiTac!) Tavi davaRwioT
maTeul sqemebs; t.futkaraZem da me miCqmaluli faqtebi warmovaCineT, romelTac, Tavis
mxriv, Cvens oponentTa politizebuloba gamoavlines.
rac Seexeba enisa da dialeqtis statusis sakiTxs: oponenti iviwyebs im marTlac
elementarul faqts, rom enis statusis kvleva sociolingvisturi problemaa, sociolin-
gvistika ki enaTmecnierebis sxva dargebisagan gansxvavebiT swored politizebis maRali xaris-
xiT gamoirCeva. sociolingvistika sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ikvlevs politikis iseT qvesaxeo-
bebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, enobrivi da saganmanaTleblo politika. v. boederi verc im ele-
mentarul faqts uaryofs, rom enisa da dialeqtis statusis garkveva politikisa da socio-
logiis sferoebSic gadadis, zogi mecnieris (magaliTad, frang avtorTa jgufis) azriT ki es
sakiTxi mxolod politikis sferoa da ara enaTmecnierebisa (Tumca, es azri CemTvis sakama-
Toa!). Zalian cdeba v. boederi, Tu hgonia, rom misi statia ar aris politizebuli da man moa-
xerxa politikisagan Tavis arideba aseTi gancxadebebiT:
”qvemoT laparaki gveqneba mecnierebis istoriasa da enaTmecnierebaze. politikur-is-
toriul interpretacias ar Sevexebi” (gv. 198).
”qvemoT ramdenimes am wyaroTagan ufro dawvrilebiT Sevexebi da maT samecniero-isto-
riul [e.i. arapolitikur-istoriul - T.g.] konteqstSi interpretacias vcdi” (gv. 202]...
rogorc am gancxadebaTa weris, ise qarTvelologiis istoriis calmxrivi mimoxilvis
dros v. boeders daviwyebia kidev erTi elementaruli wesi: dargis istoriis kvleva sulac ar
niSnavs mxolod konkretuli faqtebis dadgena-dagrovebas, xolo sociolingvistur sakiTxTa
istoriis analizi aucileblad moiTxovs ara marto samecniero-istoriuli, aramed
politikur-ideologiur-istoriuli konteqstebis erTdroul analizsa da
interpretaciasac. Tu sociolingvisti ar Seiswavlis ”adgilis sulsa” da ”drois suls”, mi-
si Sromis Sedegi calmxrivi da naklovani iqneba. samarTlianoba moiTxovs, aRiniSnos: v.boe-
derma mSvenivrad icis, rom enisa da dialeqtis statusis rkvevisas arsebiTia politikur-ide-
ologiuri da socialuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba; sailustraciod warmovadgenT mis ram-
denime gamonaTqvams:
a) serbul-xorvatuli ”...im dialeqtTa kontinuums Seadgens, romlebic dRes mraval-
Tagan istoriuli, politikuri da kulturuli mosazrebebiT or enad, serbulad da xorva-
tulad, iTvleba: enas SeiZleba statusi ”imdenad misi enobrivi Tvisebebis mixedviT ki ar mie-
ces, aramed misi socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT”
[boederi, 2005, gv. 221. citatis meore nawili ekuTvnis cnobil sociolingvists - piter tra-
jils. xazgasma Cemia - T.g.].
31
 b) ”...vinme lazs mainc SeuZlia argumentireba [?! -T.g.], rom aqvs istoriuli, kulturu-
li da politikuri mosazrebebiT calke ena... ”gansxvavebuli enis” statusi ar SeiZleba gani-
sazRvros mxolod enobrivi msgavsebis safuZvelze, mas socialuri komponentic axlavs” [boe-
deri, 2005, gv. 224-225].
Tuki v. boederisaTvis misaRebia (da es asecaa!) p. trajilis savsebiT marTebuli daskvna,
rom enis statusi politikuri da sxva aralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiTac
dgindeba, ratomRa gvikrZalaven ase TavgamodebiT a. oniani, k. gabunia da v. boederi me da t.
futkaraZes, sakiTxis istoriis analizisas gaviTvaliswinoT epistemologiuri momentebi, ker-
Zod: politikur-ideologiur-istoriuli konteqsti, ”drois suli”, ”adgilis suli” da is
politikur-ideologiuri faqtorebi, romelTa zegavleniTac enebad cxaddeboda megruli,
lazuri da svanuri? ra gamarTleba aqvs v. boederis kidev erT arasociolingvistur-
scientistur gancxadebas, ar Sevexebi arc ruseTis imperiisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebis enob-
riv politikas, arc ilia WavWavaZisa da iakob gogebaSvilis politikur Sexedulebebs [enis sa-
kiTxebze] da arc imas, represiebis SiSiT xom ar iyo gamowveuli enaTmecnierTa gamonaTqvamebi
sabWoTa periodSio? [boederi, 2005, gv.198]. gana es sociolingvistisaTvis Sesaferi qcevaa?
SeiZleba sociolingvists ar ainteresebdes enobrivi politika da enobrivi situacia? rogor
unda aRvadginoT sociolingvisturi problemis istoriis srulyofili suraTi, Tu v. boede-
riviT viZaxeT, ”politikur-istoriul interpretacias ar Sevexebi”-o da mxolod is varkvieT
zereled, Tu vin rodis romeli modelis gamoyenebiT ras ambobda? iqneb im vinmeebs romelime
models ZaliT axvevdnen Tavs. nuTu sociolingvisturi sakiTxis istoriisaTvis aranairi mniS-
vneloba ara aqvs, Tu ratom, ra mizeziT da ra mizniT gamoiTqmoda esa Tu is Tvalsazrisi?
3. t. futkaraZem da me Cvens statiebSi sakmaod vrclad gavaanalizeT enaTa statusis
rkvevis msoflio praqtika da is ZiriTadi kriteriumebi, romelTac enis dialeqtisagan gamij-
vnis umTavres sazomebad acxadeben xolme. am analizma im daskvnamde migviyvana, rom ar arsebobs
enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis arc erTi zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumi, xolo enobriv
saxesxvaobaTa enebad gamocxadebisas wamyvan rols TamaSobs eTnokulturuli da
eTnopolitikuri interesebi, agreTve istoriuli tradiciebi, zogjer ki mkvlevarTa
piradi ambicia-interesebic. v.boederma verc is dainaxa, rom Cven sabWouri "tradiciis"
gareSe warmovadgineT lingvisturi qarTvelologiis istoria da vTqviT:
- qarTvelologia unda ganTavisufldes caristul-sabWoTa ideologiis
memkvidreobisagan;
- samecniero kvlevebis dagegmvisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes qarTveli eris eTno-
kulturuli da eTnopolitikuri interesebi;
- droa aRdges mravalsaukunovani qarTuli didi tradicia erTi qarTveluri enis Sesa-
xeb da ukugdebul iqnes dausabuTebeli, mavnebluri mosazrebani sami an oTxi qarTveluri
”enis” arsebobis Sesaxeb; miT umetes, Cveneul argumentebs ganamtkicebs e.w. qarTveluri ”ene-
bis” lingvistur maxasiaTebelTa sistemuri siaxlove [vrclad am sakiTxebze ix.: gvancelaZe,
2003b; futkaraZe, 2003a; t.futkaraZe, 2005]...
Cvens zog lingvistur arguments v. boederi ”ver amCnevs”, an ar scnobs, danarCenebs ki an
citirebis gareSe eTanxmeba, an (ufro iSviaTad) imowmebs kidevac [ix., magaliTad, boederi,
2005, gv. 199, Sen. 4; gv, 227]. miuxedavad amisa, Tavis daskvnaSi, a. onianisa da k. gabunias msgav-
sad, v. boeders ar moswons Cveni pozicia da cdilobs, radac unda daujdes, ganamtkicos Sexe-
duleba sami qarTveluri ”enis” arsebobis Sesaxeb. misi sityviT, ”enisa” da ”kilos” cnebebs maTi
mecnieruli da sayoveldReo mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT Rrmad ver CavwvdebiT, Tu TvalnaT-
liv ar gavacnobiereT maTi sxvadasxva istoriuli gaazreba (gv.198), rac qveteqstiT imaze mi-
niSnebaa, rom Cveni metri statiis swored am adgilidan iwyebs CvenTvis ”saCvenebeli gakveTi-
lis” Catarebas, raTa xeli Segviwyos ”Rrmad CavwvdeT” da ”kargad gavacnobieroT” is, rac Cven
”dagvviwynia”. am ”keTilSobiluri misiis” aRsrulebas v. boederis statiaSi mTeli 37 gverdi
eTmoba.
”gakveTilis” pirveli Temaa ”enisa” da ”dialeqtis” (”kilos”) relevantur mimarTebaTa
sam ZiriTad modelad dayofa:
”enisa” da ”kilos” mimarTebis pirveli modelis mixedviT, ”... erT mocemul enaze mola-
parakeni qmnian sakomunikacio da socialur erTobas...” enobriv sxvaobaTa miuxedavad, xolo
dialeqtia am enis regionuli an zeregionuli varianti (gv. 199).
meore modeli gulisxmobs iseT SemTxvevas, roca erT-erTi enobrivi saxesxvaoba socia-
lurad an kulturulad dawinaurdeba da samwignobro enad iqceva, riTac igi ufro maRal
statussa da prestiJs iZens. es varianti enad cxaddeba, xolo sxva saxesxvaobebi - misgan gadax-
ril variantebad (gv. 200).
mesame modeli, v boederis sityviT, me-19 saukuneSi gaCnda, warmoadgens pirveli ori
modelis saxecvlilebas da or qvesaxeobas qmnis:
a) fuZe enis modeli: ”fuZeenasTan mimarTebaSi misgan warmomavali enebi variantebia” am
fuZeenisa (gv. 200).
32
 b) gadaxris modeli, romelic, v. boederis sityviT, dialeqtebs gaiazrebs rogorc ga-
daxras ”mTavari enidan” (ix. modeli 2); am tipis modelirebas Zveli tradicia aqvs. es modeli
aq gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radgan dRevandel diskusiaSi kvlav aRdga” (gv. 201).
marTalia, piradad CemTvis gaugebaria, Tu ratom aerTianebs v. boederi mesame modelSi
erTmaneTisagan sakmaod gansxvavebul or variants. albaT upriani iyo sami modelis nacvlad
oTxi modelis gamoyofa, Tumca es mainc ar aris mTavari. arsebiTi isaa, Tu ra safuZvelze ana-
wilebs oponenti Tavis mier gamoyofil modelebSi sxvadasxva qarTvelologis Sexedulebebs,
an ramdenad logikuri da sabuTiania mis mier SemoTavazebuli ”samecniero-istoriuli inter-
pretaciebi”. sanam am interpretaciebs SevafasebdeT, xazgasmiTa da guldawyvetiT unda
aRvniSno, rom v. boederis midgoma lingvisturi qarTvelologiis istoriisadmi ara
marto tendenciuri da calmxrivia, aramed meTodologiurad gaumarTlebelic, vinaidan
avtori windawinve gamoricxavs "adgilisa da drois suls", kerZod ki im ideologiur-
politikur viTarebas, romelSic gamoiTqmoda esa Tu is Tvalsazrisi carizmisa da
sabWoTa periodebSi. ras izam, v. boeders erTob ”sapatio” mizezi aqvs: mas ar surs, politize-
bul mecnierad gamoiyurebodes! ra uSavs, Tu amis gamo misi ”obieqturi analizis” miRma metad
mniSvnelovani garemoebani rCeba da ignorirebulia pasuxebis Zieba kiTxvebze: ”ratom? ra mize-
ziT?” da ”ra mizniT?”.
v. boederi agrZelebs l. altiuseris scientistur gzas, rac mecnierebis ideologiisa-
gan sruli mowyvetis warumatebeli cdaa, vinaidan am dros iviwyeben imas, rom mecniereba bo-
los da bolos dargebisagan Sedgeba, xolo samecniero disciplinebs erTmaneTTan uamravi ram
akavSirebs. am TvalsazrisiT piradad me Zalze momwons frangi rusistis, prof. patrik serios
monografia, romelSic kompleqsuradaa gamokvleuli praRis struqturalisturi skolis
rus warmomadgenelTa - n. trubeckois, r. iakobsonisa da p. savickis TvalsazrisTa Camoyalibe-
bis istoria. p. serio wers: «Цель этой работы-выявить исторические условия производства теории,
осмыслить взаимодействия между соседствующими теориями или между современными
дискурсивными полями, восстановить дух времени и дух места, ту атмосферу, в которой живет и
строится мысль» (”am naSromis mizania Teoriis warmoqmnis istoriuli problemis gamorkveva,
momijnave TeoriaTa an Tanamedrove sadiskurso velTa urTierTqmedebis gaazreba, drois
sulisa da adgilis sulis, im atmosferos aRdgena, romelSic cocxlobs da Sendeba azri”)
[serio, 2001, gv. 55. citirebulia paragrafidan, romlis saTauria: ”sazRvrebi mecnierebasa da
ideologias Soris. SedarebiTi epistemologiis Canafiqri”]. ai, ase, scientisturi kekluco-
bis gareSe Seasrula frangma rusistma rTuli samuSao da SesaniSnavi, samagaliTo wignic Seq-
mna, samwuxarod, amgvari naSromi jer arc erT qarTvel lingvists ar dauweria da es gasagebi-
caa: maT sabWouri cenzura ar miscemda aseTi naSromis Seqmnis saSualebas. Cveni germaneli ko-
lega ki am mxriv ar yofila SezRuduli, magram imis magier, rom misalmeboda qarTveli kolege-
bis cdas, Tavi daaRwion sabWouri ideologiis tyveobas, isev monobisaken gvibiZgebs. baraqala
mas!
mivubrundeT v. boederis saanalizo statias da vnaxoT, Tu rogor afasebs igi im av-
torTa Sexedulebebs, romlebic enisa da kilos definicias exeba.
4. v.boederi 1790 wlis”iverielTa erTobis traqtatis”Sesaxeb wers, mas ver Sevafa-
seb, ”...radgan arc wyaro maqvs da arc istoriul konteqstSi var zedmiwevniT garkveuli”-o
[boederi, 2005, gv. 203, Sen. 13]. es imis aRiarebas niSnavs, rom istoriuli konteqstis (maT So-
ris politikur-ideologiurisac) gaTvaliswineba aucilebeli yofila. ubedureba isaa, rom
es aRiareba calkea da oponenti mainc scientizmis poziciaze rCeba.
iqve Cveni oponenti gamoTqvams hipoTezas, ”... xelSekrulebis xelismomwerni Tavs imi-
tom uwodeben ”erTisa enisa mqoneT”, rom maT yvelas qarTuli samwignobro ena hqondaT saer-
To. sxva qarTvelur enaTa arsebobis Sesaxeb es aranair cnobas ar gvaZlevs”-o [boederi, 2005,
gv. 203, Sen. 13]. saqmec isaa, rom am dokumentSi aranairi miniSneba ar aris imis Sesaxeb, rom
traqtatis xelismomwerni megruls, lazurs an svanurs enebad miiCnevdnen, Tumca maT Soris sa-
megrelos mTavaricaa, romelic flobda samegrelosac da qvemo svaneTsac. samagierod, doku-
mentebSi xazgasmulia, iverielebs erTi ena gvaqvso. amaze cxadad ra unda Tqmuliyo? samegre-
los mTavars SeeZlo moeTxova teqstSi megrulisa da svanuris dasaxeleba an im frazis amoRe-
ba, sadac naTqvamia, iverielebs erTi ena gvaqvso. sociolingvistma unda ikvlios, Tu ratom
ar moiTxova samegrelos mTavarma teqstis Secvla da ratom moawera xeli. gana es mTavris enob-
rivi poziciis gamoxatva ar aris?
5. v. boederi vaxuSti bagrations miawers imas, TiTqos am istorikoss megruli da sva-
nuri damoukidebel enebad miaCndes, rac teqstis araswori gagebis Sedegia. oponenti aRniS-
navs. megruli vaxuStis calke enad miaCnia, vinaidan igi qarTuli samwignobro enidan gadaxraa,
e.i. aq enobrivi modelirebis meore saxeobasTan gvaqvs saqmeo [boederi, 2005, gv. 203]. iqve v. bo-
ederi imasac wers, vaxuSti aseve qarTuli samwignobro enidan gadaxrad miiCnevs TuSurs, fSa-
ursa da sxva dialeqtebs, e.i. aqac meore modelTan gvaqvs saqmeo. samwuxarod, v. boederi ver am-
Cnevs, rom aq sakuTar Tavs TviTonve daupirispirda:
33
 meore modeli gulisxmobs imas, rom samwignobro ena ufro maRali statusis mqonea,
prestiJulia, dialeqti ki masze dabla dgas da samwignobro enidan gadaxraa. Tuki vaxuStis-
Tan TuSur-fSauris SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive, kerZod, meore modeli gvaqvs, es imas niSnavs,
rom igi samwignobro enasTan mimarTebiT erT doneze, e.i. dialeqtebad ganixilavs megrulsac,
TuSursac da fSaursac. e.i. vaxuSti onian-gabunia-boederis Tanamoazre ar aris. es erTi.
meore, megrulis Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers: ”aramed aqusT TAsica ena, garna wamxBdari
qarTulive, viTarca RmerTi - RoronTi, Cemi - Cqimi” [vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 783]. erT-erT wina naS-
romSi v. boeders vaxuStis am cnobis aseTi ganmarteba aqvs mocemuli: ”marTalia, megrelebs Ta-
visi ena aqvT, magram Tavis ”prototips” - qarTul standartul enas - mainc sakmaod hgavs imis-
Tvis, rom qarTuli ewodebodes, Tumca ”wamxdari” qarTuli (enaTmecnierTaTvis Znelad misa-
Rebi interpretaciaa, magram arcTu bevrad arabunebrivi, vidre, vTqvaT, bavariulis gaazrebaa
araswor standartul germanulad)” [boederi, 1998, gv. 76]. Tu ”araswori” bavariuli germa-
nulis nawilia, ratom araa ”wamxdari” megruli qarTulis nawili? ”prototipis” Zieba vaxuS-
tis am cnobaSi riTaa gamarTlebuli, roca vaxuSti garkveviT ambobs, megruli, marTalia, ”wam-
xdari” anu samwignobro enisagan gadaxrili, arastandartuli variantia, magram qarTulive
ariso? gana -ve nawilaki igiveobas ar gamoxatavs? erTaderT dabrkolebas aq TiTqos citatis
pirveli nawili qmnis, sadac vaxuSti wers, megrelebs ”aqusT TAsica ena”-o, magram Tu gavixse-
nebT im faqts, rom sityva ”ena” qarTulSica da sxva enebSic mravalmniSvnelobiania da erT-er-
Ti mniSvneloba ”dialeqturi, kuTxuri metyvelebaa” (Sdr., ”xevsurTa ena ar mesmis”), maSin va-
xuStis cnoba ase unda gavigoT: megrelebs aqvT sakuTari kuTxuri metyveleba, romelic
igive qarTulia, oRond ”wamxdari” anu arastandartuli, magaliTad, ”RmerTi” megrulad
aris ”RoronTi”, ”Cemi” - "Cqimi” [Sdr. tabiZe, 2005, gv. 25-26].
amrigad, Tu vaxuStis cnobebs sworad gavaanalizebT, ar rCeba aranairi safuZveli imi-
saTvis, rom am avtors mivaweroT onian-gabunia-boederis Tanamoazreoba. mTavari isaa, rom va-
xuSti erT doneze ganixilavs TuSurs, fSaursa da megruls, e.i. misTvis megruli qarTuli
enis nawilia da ara damoukidebeli ena. igive iTqmis svanuris Sesaxebac.
mesame, zemoT Tqmulis gamoc da sxva mizeziTac sruliad usafuZvloa v. boederis kidev
erTi gancxadeba vaxuStis Sesaxeb: ”enobrivi sinamdvilis miseuli suraTi daaxloebiT ase ga-
moiyureba: saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva enebia: qarTuli, svanuri, megruli, osuri, afxazuri da
a.S. da arsebobs qarTulis sxvadasxva dialeqtebi. es dialeqtebi misTvis erTi da imave enis va-
riantebia: fSauri, TuSuri, guruli, mesxuri - qarTulis variantebia, romlebic met-naklebad
axlosaa samwignobro enasTan” [boederi, 2005, gv. 204]. es gancxadeba faqtebze Zaladoba da sa-
survelis realurad moCvenebis cxadi magaliTia.
6. v. boederi ratomRac erTmaneTSi urevs vaxuStisa da sabas gamonaTqvamebs. igi wers:
”vaxuSti arc enisa da dialeqtis ganmasxvavebel kriteriumze laparakobs, magram misi implici-
turi, misTvis TavisTavad cxadi gaazreba aSkaraa: misi azriT, ara marto osuri, afxazuri, sva-
nuri, lazuri, aramed megrulic ki ver moiazreba qarTulis saxesxvaobad [?! - T.g.] - imitom,
rom isini gaugebaria [netav sad weria amgvari ram? - T. g.]. megruli vaxuStisTvis Tumca ”mru-
di laparaki” an ”megrelTa da misTanaTa avenoanTa laparaki” iyo, sulxan-saba orbeliani xum-
robiT ”CxikvTa da kaWkaWTagan laparaks” rom adarebs (s.v. JRurtuli), ueWvelad [?! - T.g.] cal-
ke enaa da ara qarTulis varianti. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT; vaxuStis azriT, qarTvelebs ram-
denime ena aqvT [?! - T.g.]” [boederi, 2005, gv. 204]. iqve, me-15 sqolioSi boederi aRSfoTebiT
acxadebs: ”CemTvis sruliad gaugebaria, rogor SeuZlia futkaraZes..., sapirispiro amtkicos”-
o.
CemTvisac gaugebaria, rogor SeuZlia v. boeders faqtebis mcdari interpretaciiT
”amtkicos”, TiTqos vaxuStisTvis TavisTavad cxadi yofiliyos, rom svanuri, lazuri da meg-
ruli qarTulis saxesxvaobebi ar aris? gana wina gverdze TviTonve ar werda, megruli vaxuS-
tisTvis samwignobro enidan gadaxraa da igi qarTuls sakmaod hgavs saimisod, rom qarTuli
ewodebodeso? nuTu qarTulis SesaniSnavad mcodne germanelma specialistma ver gaigo, rom
vaxuStisTvis megruli qarTulive ("igive qarTuli") aris?
rogor SeuZlia v. boeders sabas gamonaTqvamebi (”mrudi laparaki” an ”megrelTa da mis-
TanaTa avenoanTa laparaki”) vaxuStis miaweros?
rogor SeuZlia v. boeders faqtebisa da wyaroebis monacemTa esoden tendenciurad in-
terpretireba da imis jiutad ”mtkiceba”, vaxuStis azriT, qarTvelebs ramdenime ena aqvTo?
rogor SeuZlia v. boeders daiviwyos vaxuStis cnoba, qarTvelebs rom hkiTxo, ra ena
da wigni uwyi, myisve mogigeben, qarTulio, magram sxvagan (gv. 205) igive cnoba ucnaur kon-
teqstSi daimowmos: megrelsa da svans daabnevda SekiTxva, sakuTar enaze laparakob Tu qarTu-
lado? vaxuStis es cnoba xom kidev erTi pirdapiri dasturia imisa, rom mas megrul-lazur-
svanuri enebad ar miaCnia?! an ratom unda daebnia megreli da svani aseT SekiTxvas, gana isi-
nic vaxuStis cnobiTve myisve ar mogigebdnen, qarTulia Cemi dedaenao? ratom atans Zalas fan-
tazias oponenti?

34
 am ritorikuli kiTxvebis Semdeg upriania mokled SevexoT sabas zemoT dasaxelebul ga-
monaTqvamebs. es saWiroa Tundac imitom, rom aramcTu v. boederi, zogi Cveni Tanamemamulec sa-
bas abralebs megrelebisadmi ”agdebul damokidebulebas”.
rogorc cnobilia, sabas ”sityvis kona” ramdenime xelnaweris saxiTaa Cvenamde moRweu-
li da 6 redaqcias qmnis (A, B, C, D, E, Z), Tavis mxriv A redaqcia warmodgenilia ori nusxis sa-
xiT, xolo C redaqcia - sam nusxad.
sityva ”JRurtuli” asea ganmartebuli A da B redaqciebSi (sami nusxa) - ”ese ars meg-
relTa da misTanaTa avenoanTa laparaki, gina CxikvTa da kaWkaWTagan laparaki ” [saba, 1991, gv.
636]
Cb redaqcia (1 nusxa) - ”megrelTa da misTanaTa avenoanTagan laparaki” [iqve]. Caq da D
redaqciebi (3 nusxa) - ”kaWkaWTa mRera” [iqve].
E redaqcia (1 nusxa) - ”kaWkaWTa mRera” [iqve].
Z redaqcia (1 nusxa) - ”megrelTagan mrudi laparaki, gina CxikvTagan laparaki” [iqve].
rogorc vxedavT, megrelebi da maTi metyveleba moxseniebulia 5 xelnawerSi sam varian-
tad
a) ”megrelTa da misTanaTa avenoanTa laparaki...”
b) ”megrelTa da misTanaTa avenoanTagan laparaki...”
g) ”megrelTagan mrudi laparaki...”
araprofesionalma mkiTxvelma am ganmartebaSi SeiZleba megrelTa dacinva an Seurac-
xyofa dainaxos, magram enis istorikosebma da sociolingvistebma ician, rom Zvel saqarTvelo-
Si miRebuli iyo stiluri da dialeqturi leqsikis aRniSvna Semdegi terminebiT: weriliTa
eniTa Tqmuli, msoflioTa ena, glexuri//sofluri, zeSTa sityva, damxe, swori sityva,
wamËdari sityva, avenoani, romlebic sabas leqsikonSic dasturdeba, Sdr. vaxuStis ”wamBdari
qarTuli” [ix.; bakuraZe, 1998, gv. 6-7, gv. 24-25; bolqvaZe, 2005, gv. 58-60]. swored am rigis ter-
minebia ”JRurtuli” sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis variantebSi warmodgenili terminebi ”ave-
noanTa[gan] laparaki” da ”mrudi laparaki”, rac arastandartuli metyvelebis, kuTxuri
saubris aRmniSvnelia da ar gulisxmobs arc dacinvasa da arc Seuracxyofas; miT umetes xum-
robas, rogorc es v. boeders hgonia.
”JRurtuli” sityvis ganmartebaTa variantebSi yuradRebas ipyrobs "misTanaTa" sit-
yvis gamoyeneba. roca saba wers, rom JRurtuli aris ”megrelTa da misTanaTa avenoanTa[gan]
laparaki”, igi siyvaruliT gulisxmobs imas, rom megrelebi da zogi sxva kuTxis mcxovrebni
samwignobro enisagan an zepiri koinesagan gansxvavebuli intonaciiT metyveleben (JRurtu-
leben). es ganmarteba, ra Tqma unda, sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom megruli sabas damoukidebel
enad miaCnia, rasac kidev erTi faqti adasturebs: mis leqsikonSi sakmaod uxvadaa warmodgeni-
li megruli leqsikac - seroba, badiSi, boga, ireWi, kakaCi, kerSiloba, kvarakunCa, odrikali,
odoSi, oCxomeli, oleWkandari, jixuri, dixaSxo, nusadia, ragadoba, regua da a.S. [bolqvaZe,
2005, gv. 94-95].
7. v. boederi did ndobas ucxadebs italieli kaTolike patris, misioner don juzepe ju-
diCe milanelis cnobas, romelSic megruli calke enadaa gamocxadebuli [boederi, 2005, gv.
205], ratom aris juzepe levan dadiansa da anton Wyondidelze didi avtoriteti? garda
amisa, piradad me kaTolike misionerTa bevri cnoba sandod ar mimaCnia erTi arsebiTi mizezis
gamo: dasavleTevropeli misionrebi qarTvelebs naxevrad velurebad miiCnevdnen maTi mar-
Tlmadideblobis gamo; maT haeriviT sWirdebodaT romis papisa da kongregaciis darwmuneba
TavianTi Rvawlis sidiadeSi da muSaobisaTvis saWiro pirobebis sirTuleSi, am sirTulis ga-
sazviadeblad ki Zalian gamoadgebodaT imis Cveneba, rom aq, am ”velur qveyanaSi”, uwignur, um-
werlobo xalxSi (ix., a.lambertis Canawerebi), ramdenime enis codna iyo saWiro!
8. v. boederi ver amCnevs, rom 211-e gverdze warmodgenili misi daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom
erTi da igive enobrivi saxesxvaoba sxvadasxva modeliT ganxilvisas xan dialeqtad
SeiZleba gamocxaddes, xan ki enad, savsebiT adasturebs t. futkaraZisa da Cems mosazrebas,
rom enaTmecnierebas ar moepoveba arc erTi zusti kriteriumi enisa da dialeqtis statusis
gasarkvevad da es sakiTxi wydeba araenobrivi faqtorebis zegavleniT. swored amisi maCvenebe-
lia is yoymani, rac emCneodaT fridrix da maqs miulerebs, romlebmac ver gadawyvites, ra sta-
tusi mieniWebinaT megrulis, lazurisa da svanurisaTvis - enebisa Tu kiloebisa [boederi,
2005, gv. 211-212, Sen. 33]. v. boeders mainc ar surs amis aRiareba da jiutad acxadebs: ”is, rom
erTi da igive avtorebi erTsa da imave saxesxvaobas xan ”enad” ixsenieben da xan ”kilod” sul ar
niSnavs `eWvis Setanas" maT statusSi (gvancelaZe, 2003 b, gv. 123): isini orivea sxvadasxva
TvalsazrisiT””[boederi, 2005, gv. 212].
brwyinvale logikaa! bravo, metr! gamodis, rom alublis mcenare xan xea, Tu balaxebis
fonze SevcqeriT, xan ki - buCqi, Tu sekvoias fonze SevyurebT!
agreTve sofistikisa da ormagi standartis gamovlinebaa v. boederis midgoma r. erker-
tisa da m. janaSvilis poziciis mimarT. am avtorebs megruli, lazuri da svanuri dialeqtebad
35
(oRond mTavar dialeqtebad) miaCniaT. v. boederis sityviT, maTi modeli, erTi mxriv, swori
yofila, meore mxriv, ara [boederi, 2001, gv. 214]. batoni metri iviwyebs im elementarul wess,
rom modeli swori unda iyos yvelgan da yovelTvis da ara alag-alag da xandaxan.
9. rogorc Cans, Zalian Zlier argumentad miaCnia v. boeders imisi gancxadeba, rom ”meg-
rulsac da svanursac axasiaTebs Tvisebebi, romelTa gaazreba istoriuli ZvelqarTulis
transformaciad SeuZlebelia” [boederi, 2005, gv. 215]. am ”argumentisagan” araferi darCeba,
Tu Cveni oponentisagan gansxvavebiT, gangeb ar daviviwyebT, rom nebismier qarTvelur dialeq-
tSi aris iseTi Tvisebebi, romlebic ZvelqarTulis transformaciad ver miiCneva. zogjer aseTi
Tvisebebi svanur-megrulTanac saziaro aRmoCndeba xolme. magaliTad, umlauti svanurSi, in-
gilourSi, fereidnulSi da a. S. ar aris ZvelqarTulis transformacia, magram...
10. oponenti ver uaryofs im faqts, rom iakob gogebaSvili megrulsa da svanurs "Te-
mur kilokavebs (наречия)"-s da "adgilobriv, provinciul, Sinaur kiloebs" uwodebda, magram v.
boeders Zalian surs, rom iakobis naazrevSi mxolod is dainaxos, rom "megruli da svanuri mis-
Tvis qarTuliviT "enebia" [boederi, 2005, gv. 215]. am mizniT mas mohyavs citatebi iakobis sta-
tiebidan, magram yuradRebas ar aqcevs imas, rom am statiebSi zogjer termini "ena" aramarkire-
buli an mravalmniSvnelovania da kuTxur metyvelebas niSnavs. ai, v. boederis mier moxmobili
erT-erTi iakobiseuli gamonaTqvami: "megrelebi Seadgenen qarTvelTa Stos. sxva qarTvelebisa-
gan bevriT arafriT gansxvavdebian [...] marto eniT arian cotaTi gansxvavebulni". nuTu ase
Znelia am citataSi imis danaxva, rom bolo winadadeba ase unda gavigoT: megrelebi kuTxuri
metyvelebiT gansxvavdebian danarCeni qarTvelebisagan da es sxvaoba minimaluria; sadme Cans aq,
rom iakobi megruls maincdamainc damoukidebel enas uwodebda?
11. v. boederi wers: "istorikosma ivane javaxiSvilma, svanuri jer "kilokavad" moixsenia,
magram maSinve Seuswora misma enaTmecnierma kolegam, akaki SaniZem" [boederi, 2005, gv. 216-217]
mereda rao, gana es imas niSnavs, rom iv. javaxiSvili svanurs enas uwodebda a. SaniZis Carevamde?
an hqonda ki a. SaniZes zusti kriteriumi svanuris enad misaCnevad? ra Tqma unda, ara!
12. v. boederis interpretaciiT p. WaraiasaTvis "qarTuli, megruli da svanuri... "ene-
bia", oRond genealogiuri TvalsazrisiT - "dialeqtebi" qarTuli "Zir-enisa", Tumca is Tavs
movaled Tvlis, "TiTqmis" identurad gamoacxados qarTuli da megruli, imis miuxedavad, rom
swored misi leqsikoni am enaTa sxvadasxvaobis sabuTia" [boederi, 2005, gv. 216] iqve, sqolioSi
v. boederi dasZens: "igi "sakuTriv qarTuls" da sxva qarTvelur enebs uwodebs "enebs zogadis
qarTulis gvarisas [...] an ukeTa vsTqvaT, dialeqtebs erTisa da imav Zir-enisas [...]. [megruli
qarTuls] ara "Zlier waagavs", aramed [...] TiTqmis igiveobs [masTan]".
Tu kargad davakvirdebiT p. Waraias teqsts, davinaxavT, rom aq "enebi zogadis qarTulis
gvarisa "sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom avtori Tanamedrove lingvistikis poziciaze dgas da genea-
logiur klasifikacias gvawvdis. "terminologiuri" Sesityveba "qarTuli gvaris enebi", "qar-
Tuli gvaris kiloebi" Zalze gavrcelebuli iyo XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze da niSnavda ara qar-
Tvelur "enebs", aramed qarTuli (qarTveluri) enis kuTxur variantebs.
gavixsenoT, rom roca akaki wereTelma vaJa-fSavelas usayvedura fSauri dialeqtizme-
bis Warbad gamoyeneba, swored sityva "ena" gamoiyena: "enas giwuneb, fSavelo"-o. scientistur
keklucobas Tu daviwyebT da Cvenc ar gaviTvaliswinebT XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnis sazogadoeb-
riv-politikur-ideologiur fons, maSin unda vifiqroT, rom akaki fSaur dialeqts "enas"
uwodebda, rac absurdi iqneba.
vaJam sayvedurs ase upasuxa: "me arc erT kilos ar vwunob, Tua qarTvelis gvarisa". da-
vakvirdeT, akaki vaJas "enaSi" fSaur dialeqtizmebs gulisxmobs, vaJa ki "enis" sinonimad "qar-
Tulis gvaris kiloebs" iyenebs. aSkaraa, rom didi mwerlebi enasa da kilos zogjer sinonime-
bad warmoadgenen; Sdr., agreTve, vaJas amave leqsis wina nawilic, sadac igi ukve akakis msgavsad
"enaSi" fSaurs gulisxmobs:
"rada? ra RmerTi gamiwyra
margalitebis mflobelsa,
rom Tavis uSno eniTa
veras vagoneb mSobelsa?!"
("dagvianebuli pasuxi akakis", 1913 w.)
sainteresoa, romel modelSi moaqcevda v. boederi akakisa da vaJas zustad erTnair po-
zicias? gvaqvs Tu ara safuZveli, amgvari faqtebis arsebobis pirobebSi, davaskvnaT, rom sityva
"ena" ara marto akakisa da vaJas SemoqmedebaSi, aramed p. WaraiasTvisac sinonimia sityva "kilo-
si"? ra Tqma unda, gvaqvs, razec damatebiT imave p. Waraias v. boederis mier citirebuli gamo-
naTqvamis bolo nawilic miuTiTebs, sadac p. Waraia sakmaod kategoriulad wers, megruli da-
narCen qarTuls aramcTu Zlier waagavs, aramed TiTqmis igiveao. TiTqmis imitom, rom kiloc
gansxvavdeba sxva variantebisagan da swored amas usvams xazs p. Waraia, xolo misive gamonaTqva-
mis dasawyisSi gamoyenebuli Sesityveba "enebi zogadis qarTuli gvarisa" niSnavs zogadqarTve-
luri enis kiloebs (dialeqtebs) da ara qarTvelur "enebs", rogorc es v. boeders eCveneba.

36
 am konteqstSi sayuradReboa erTi garemoebac: v. boederi krints ar Zravs p. Waraias
sruliad mkafio poziciaze megrulisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kiloTa mimarTebis
Sesaxeb, rac ganxilulia mis vrcel werilSi niSandoblivi saTauriT "megruli dialeqtis na-
Tesaobrivi damokidebuleba qarTulTan (masala)"[Waraia, 1997, gv. 204-266] sakiTxavia, riT av-
xsnaT es gulmaviwyoba?
rac Seexeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos p. Waraias leqsikoni am "enaTa" (megrulisa da
qarTulis) sxvadasxvaobis sabuTi iyos, igi monografiul kvlevas moiTxovs da sakmarisi sulac
ar aris erTi fraziT deklarireba. Tu v. boederi fiqrobs, rom am sxvaobis sabuTad leqsiko-
nis saTauric gamodgeba, kidev erT Secdomas dauSvebs da ai, ratom:
p. Waraias leqsikonis dedani daculia k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi.
sagangebo Semowmebam aCvena, rom igi TviT avtoris mier ar aris dasaTaurebeli da Tavfurcels
sxvisi xeliT aqvs gakeTebuli saTauri "megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsikoni (masalebi ia-
feturi enebis mkvlevarTaTvis)". amis gamo, ra Tqma unda, wignis saTauri ar gamodgeba p. Warai-
as poziciis gasarkvevad, vinaidan igi mas ar ekuTvnis.
13. v. boederis statiis 218-220 gverdebze warmodgenilia msjeloba, rogorc avtori
uwodebs, enobrivi mravalferovnebis ori ganzomilebis - diskretulobisa (wyvetilobisa) da
uwyvetobis Sesaxeb. v. boederi am nawilSi axdens uwyvetobis niSnis absolutizebas da yurad-
Rebas ar aqcevs imas, rom mis mier SemoTavazebuli ganmarteba erT-erTia mravalTagan da SeiZ-
leba arsebobdes im wesis mravali darRveva, rac mas marTebulad miaCnia. igi wers:
"urTierToba enasa da dialeqts Soris SeiZleba Semdegnairad ganisazRvros:
aucilebeli piroba imis dasaSvebad, rom enobrivi saxesxvaobebi an dialeqtebi erTsa da imave
enas miekuTvneba, aris is, rom isini erT uwyvetobas anu kontinuums unda warmoadgendnen".
es wesi, erTi SexedviT, sworia, vinaidan erTi konkretuli ena marTlac unda iyos kon-
tinuumi anu erTi mTlianoba. magram am aucilebel pirobasTan erTad isic mniSvnelovania,
rom, konkretuli enis, rogorc mTlianobis, SigniT SesaZlebelia arsebobdes am mTlianobis
Semadgeneli ufro mcire kontinuumebi mis teritoriul variantTa (kiloebis, kilokavebis,
koines, Tqmebis, qcevebisa da idioleqtebis) saxiT. anu, sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, ena, rogorc
mTlianoba, SeiZleba Sedgebodes sxvadasxva ierarqiuli donis ufro mcire mTlianobebisagan
da didi mTlianoba gulisxmobs Semadgenel elementTa Soris arsebul wyvetilobasac (garkve-
uli pirobiTobiT). mcire kontinuumTa (enis mikrovariantTa) Soris uwyvetobac bunebrivia
da, raoden paradoqsulic unda iyos, wyvetilobac.
arsebobs am wesis gamonaklisebic: magaliTad, zog enas saerTod ar moepoveba terito-
riuli mikrovariantebi da isini mxolod uwyvetobis niSniT xasiaTdeba. aseTebia daRestanSi
TiTo sofelSi warmodgenili enebi (vTqvaT, arCibuli).
rac ufro meti teritoriuli varianti eqneba enas, miT ufro rTuli iqneba wyvetilo-
ba-uwyvetobis mimarTebebi: wyvetilobac da uwyvetobac erTdroulad iarsebebs aseTi enis di-
aleqtebs, kilokavebs, Tqmebs, qcevebsa da idioloqtebs Soris.
ai, am detalebs v. boederi nakleb yuradRebas uTmobs, rac gamarTlebuli ar aris.
kvlav mivubrundeT v. boederis mier Camoyalibebul wess da davakvirdeT erT garemoe-
bas: Tu enis, rogorc erTi mTlianobis (kontinuumis) arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli piroba mis
Semadgenel saxesxvaobaTa Tvisobrivi uwyvetobaa, maSin Tvisobrivi uwyvetoba ar unda arse-
bobdes sxvadasxva konkretul enas Soris. v. boederi ki 219-e gverdze acxadebs, sxvaoba, wyveti-
loba absoluturi ar aris enebs Sorisac kio, e. i. wesSi miTiTebuli "aucilebeli piroba" au-
cilebeli veRar gamodis.
v. boederma albaT Cemze kargad icis, rom germanuli da holandiuri erTmaneTisagan ga-
daulaxavi sxvaobiT ar gamoirCevian. mec vici specialuri literaturidan, rom am or enas So-
ris mkveTri sazRvari ar arsebobs da mkvlevrebs uWirT imis dadgena, Tu konkretulad romel
geografiul punqtSi mTavrdeba erTi ena da iwyeba meore. ese igi, germanuli da holandiuri
erTi kontinuumi yofila, Tu v. boederis wess gaviziarebT, maSin ratomRa uwodeben germa-
nulsa da holandiurs sxvadasxva enas? ra Tqma unda, imitom, rom enaTa statuss dasavleT ev-
ropaSic ar arkveven diskretuloba-uwyvetobis niSnis gamoyenebiT da sakiTxs sxva, aralingvis-
turi faqtorebis safuZvelze wyveten. axla vikiTxoT: Tu dasavleT evropisaTvis ar aris au-
cilebeli dasaxelebuli wesis gamoyeneba, qarTvelur ena-kiloTa statusis gansasazRvrad ra-
tomaa igi ase aucilebeli?
14. morig sanaxevro simarTles gvTavazobs Cveni oponenti, roca wers:
"...gamocdilma dialeqtologebma ukve me-19 saukunis Suidan icodnen, rom dialeqtebs
Soris arsebobda Sereuli zonebi, romlebsac "dialeqturi sazRvris" orive mxaris niSan-Tvi-
sebebi axasiaTebs, magram fiqcia diskretuli dialeqtebisa jer kidev cocxlobs istoriuli
tradiciis gamo"(gv. 218).
jer erTi, gardamavali zonebis arseboba dialeqtebs Soris sulac ar aris savaldebu-
lo Tviseba. meore, zog enas dialeqti saerTod ara aqvs, amitom verc Sereuli zonebi eqneba.
mesame, Sereuli zonebi arsebobs aramcTu mxolod dialeqtebsa da ufro mcire enobriv saxes-

37
xvaobebs Soris, aramed enebad miCneul erTeulebs Sorisac ki (magaliTad, imave germanulsa da
holandiurs, frangulsa da italiurs, Cexursa da polonurs, rusulsa da ukrainuls Soris).
oponenti valdebuli iyo, esec eTqva.
15. v. boederi, rogorc Cans, grZnobs diskretuloba-uwyvetobis niSnis winaaRmdegob-
riobas da damatebiT gagebinebis faqtorsac asaxelebs enisa da dialeqtis sakiTxis gadawyve-
tis aseve mTavar safuZvlad. igi wers, dialeqtebs Soris "msgavseba iseTi unda iyos, rom moce-
muli saxesxvaobis [warmomadgenlebs - T.g.] erTmaneTis unda esmodeT..."-o (gv. 218-219).
vTqvaT, gaviziareT es mosazreba, magram amiT problemebi mainc ar qreba. magaliTad, Tu
savaldebuloa gagebinebis arseboba dialeqtebs Soris, maSin rogor avxsnaT is faqti, rom ger-
maneli lingvistebis didi jgufi (maT Soris h. paulic) aRniSnavs, germanul dialeqtTa Soris
gagebineba Wirso (ix. zemoT). vin cdeba, v. boederi Tu misi Tanamemamule mecnierebi? ratomRa
Tvlian es ukanasknelni erTi enis dialeqtebad iseT saxesxvaobebs, romelTa Sorisac gagebine-
ba problemaa? Tu gagebineba mainc gadamwyvetia, ratomRa ar iyenebs am niSans igive v. boederi
xevsurulisa da gurulis "enebad" gamocxadebisaTvis, rac, ra Tqma unda, gaumarTlebeli iqne-
boda, magram logikuradaa mosalodneli v. boederisve SemoTavazebis safuZvelze? Sdr. boede-
ris statiis 219-e gverdze Tqmuli:
"is faqti, rom vinmes, mxolod "namdvil" xevsurulze molaparakes, mxolod "namdvil"
gurulze molaparakisa Znelad esmis, sulac ar ewinaaRmdegeba imis warmodgenas, rom orive di-
aleqti erTsa da imave enas miekuTvneba, vinaidan isini qarTul dialeqtTa erTi uwyveti, ara-
diskretuli kontinuumis sapirispiro kideebs warmoadgenen".
aseTive midgomiT Tavisuflad SeiZleba erTi kontinuumis sapirispiro kideebad miviC-
nioT igive xevsuruli da lazuri, mesxuri da balszemouri... miT umetes, rom qarTvelogiaSi
kargad aris cnobili qarTvelur ena-kiloTa sistemuri msgavsebani, rasac k. gabuniac ki ver
uaryofda.
ratom ver amCnevs b-ni v. boederi, rom gagebinebis, sistemurobis, diskretuloba-uwyve-
tobis niSnebiT aseTi sakiTxebis rkveva SeuZlebelia da enisa da dialeqtis statusis garkveva
ZiriTadad aralingvisturi faqtorebis safuZvelze xdeba? ratom ver xedavs igi Tavisi mosaz-
rebis logikur Seusabamobas da, magaliTad, gagebinebis siZnelis niSnis gamoyenebiT "enebad"
ar acxadebs bavariulsa da saqsonurs?
16. morigi sanaxevro simarTlea v. boederis Semdeg gancxadebaSi:
"...sruli wyvetiloba sakmarisi kriteriumia imis safiqreblad, rom sxvadasxva enebTan
gvaqvs saqme. sazRvari inglisursa da irlandiurs Soris, germanulsa da polonurs Soris aris
wyvetilobis SemTxveva da "gardamavali dialeqtebi" xidad am sazRvrebs Soris ar arse-
bobs"(gv. 219)
v. boederi aq mxolod misTvis sasurvel magaliTebs asaxelebs da gvimalavs imas, rom
wyvetiloba enebs Soris yvelgan da mudam ar arsebobs. magaliTad, imave germanulsa da holan-
diurs, frangulsa da provansuls, espanursa da kataloniurs, Svedursa da norvegiuls, ru-
sulsa da belarusuls, Turquli jgufebis enebs Soris arsebobs gardamavali zonebi da ar ar-
sebobs mkafio gammijnavi sazRvrebi.
Cveni oponenti valdebuli iyo, esec eTqva da daeskvna, rom diskretuloba da uwyveto-
ba ar gamodgeba enisa da dialeqtis statusis gasarkvevad. Sesabamisad gaumarTlebelia "wyve-
tilobis" niSnis absolutizebis gziT aseTi daskvnis gamotana: "am gagebiT qarTuli da svanu-
ri aseve ori enaa da ara erTi enis ori dialeqti, vinaidan isini wyvetil saxesxvaobebs warmo-
adgenen"-o [boederi, 2005, gv. 219]
ra Tqma unda, Tu v. boederis im gagebas gaviziarebT, TiTqos qarTvelur ena-kiloTa So-
ris zustad iseTive wyvetiloba yofila, rogoric marTlac arsebobs inglisursa da irlandi-
urs, germanulsa da polonurs Soris, sxva daskvnas ver gamovitanT, magram Tu im faqtsac ar
daviviwyebT sagangebod, rom gardamavali zonebi arsebobs rogorc dialeqtebsa da ufro mci-
re enobriv variantebs Soris, ise damoukidebel enebs Sorisac, rac uwyvetobis "kriteriumis"
naklia, maSin svanuris calke enad miCneva gagebinebis, sistemurobisa da diskretuloba-uwyve-
tobis winaaRmdegobrivi "kriteriumebis" safuZvelze mxolod tendenciuroba da faqtebis ga-
yalbeba iqneba.
sxvaTa Soris, v. boederi grZnobs Tavisi "kriteriumis" sisustes da cdilobs im Cixidan
gamoRwevas, romelSic sakuTari nebiT aRmoCnda, magram amas ver axerxebs da axal CixSi Sedis.
igi acxadebs:
"es wyvetiloba "absoluturi" araa [wamoscda - T. g]. enebs Soris mravali msgavseba ar-
sebobs da am gagebiT yvela isini [?-T. g.] erT kontinuums Seadgenen [?- T. g] swored qarTvelu-
ri enebi hgavs Zalian erTmaneTs struqturulad, semantikurad da a. S. magram es msgavseba sakma-
risi safuZveli araa imisTvis, rom erT enad aRviqvaT isini (gvancelaZe, 2003 a; 174], radganac
es msgavseba metad abstraqtulia imisTvis, rom molaparakem uSualod Seicnos igi" [boederi,
2005, gv. 219-220].

38
 citirebul monakveTSi v. boederi iZulebulia Searbilos wyvetilobis absoluturo-
bis xarisxi da Semoitanos axali niSnebi (axali "sazomebi"): msgavsebis sakmarisoba da msgavse-
bis abstraqtuloba-konkretuloba, magram ar gvimxels, rogor gavzomoT, msgavseba sakmarisia
Tu ukmarisi, anda rogor SevafasoT enobrivi msgavsebis, ese igi, abstraqtuli Tvisebis ab-
straqtuloba-konkretuloba. mas ar agondeba, rom aseTi "gazomvisas" obieqturobisa da si-
zustis dacva SeuZlebelia: rac erT mkvlevars sakmarisi egoneba, meores igive Tviseba ukmari-
sad SeiZleba moeCvenos, arbitri ki ar iqneba.
17. a. meies mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT, v. boederi kidev erT "sazoms" gvTavazobs molapa-
rakeTa cnobierebis saxiT: "am faqts [enaTa Soris sruli wyvetilobis arsebobas - T.g.] molapa-
rakeTa cnobierebaSic aqvs Sesatyvisi: "im garemoSi, sadac mravalnairad laparakoben, xalxma
yovelTvis icis, rom ama da am sistemas gamoiyenebs. [...] ... relevantur komunikaciur perspeqti-
vaSi erT enaze molaparakes sakmarisad kargad ar esmis sxva ena, rom uSualod Seicnos meore
enis Sesatyvisebi" [boederi, 2005, gv. 219-220]
a. meieca da v. boederic aq namdvilad aWarbeben ganzogadebaSi. diax, molaparakem icis,
romel enobriv sistemas gamoiyenebs, magram es kanonzomiereba erTnairi xarisxiTaa daculi
ara marto maSin, roca pirovnebam unda airCios ori damoukidebeli enidan erT-erTi, aramed
maSinac, roca mas asarCevi aqvs erTi da imave konkretuli enis ori teritoriuli Tu socialu-
ri mikrovariantidan erT-erTi. amitom es codna (kompetencia) ar gamodgeba enis statusis
rkvevis "sazomad".
sanaxevro simarTlea isic, rom erT enaze molaparakes SeiZleba sakmarisad kargad ar es-
modes meore ena, raTa uSualod Seicnos meore enis Sesatyvisebi. zustad igive SeiZleba mox-
des dialeqtTa SemTxvevaSic. magaliTad, kaxels ar esmis uSualod kaxuris mezoblad gavrce-
lebuli TuSuri dialeqti da verc Seicnobs TuSur Sesatyvisebs, ese igi, kaxuri da TuSuri
(CaRma-TuSuri) damoukidebel enebad unda miviCnioT?
sxva magaliTi (batono oponentebo, aqac uamravidan ramdenime tipur magaliTs gTava-
zobT): imerelma icis, rom imeruli meitana formis Sesatyvisia samwignobro enisa da zogi aR-
mosavluri dialeqtis moitana forma; manve icis, rom imerul douZaxa formas imave samwignob-
ro enasa da aRmosavlur dialeqtebSi dauZaxa Seesabameba, magram umalve icnobs megrul
duZaxu formasac (megruli ki sxva enad an sxva enis dialeqtad miaCniaT zogierTebs), Tumca
igive imereli imerulis Sesatyvisad ver Seicnobs aramcTu megrul uwu formas, aramed Tun-
dac gurulis uamrav formasac ki.
18. Cveni oponenti wers: "...enaTmecniers ver aekrZaleba qarTulsa da svanurs erTi da
imave enis "dialeqtebi" uwodos 1-li modelis gagebiT, vinaidan mecnierebs ufleba aqvT, Tavi-
si terminebi ise ixmaron, rogorc undaT, magram es uazro iqneba, sanam ar vaCvenebT, rom qar-
Tulsa da svanurs erTmaneTis mimarT igive damokidebuleba aqvT, rac dialeqtebs Cveuli gage-
biT" [boederi, 2005, gv. 220]
jer erTi, arc t. futkaraZes da arc me svanuri da qarTuli dialeqtebad arsad da ara-
sodes migviCnevia. CvenTvis qarTuli is enaa, romelic sxvagvarad qarTvelur enadac SeiZleba
iwodos, ese igi, CvenTvis termini "qarTuli (qarTveluri) ena" farTo mniSvnelobisaa da moi-
cavs im enobriv sivrces, romelsac g. rozenidan mokidebuli "qarTvelur enebs" uwodeben. swo-
red aseTi enis dialeqtebad migvaCnia Cven ara "svanuri dialeqti", aramed svanuri jgufis dia-
leqtebi: balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri, lentexuri da Coluruli. Cveni Tvalsazri-
sis aseTi uxeSi damaxinjeba profesionali mkvlevaris sakadrisi qceva namdvilad ar aris.
meore, marTalia, t. futkaraZisa da Cems sadiskusio naSromebSi naklebad iyo ganxilu-
li konkretuli enobrivi masala, magram oponenti valdebuli iyo enaxa t.futkaraZis (da sxva-
Ta) sxva naSromebi, sadac uxvadaa ganxiluli konkretuli enobrivi faqtebi. sxvaTa Soris, arc
mis 44-gverdian statiaSia ganxiluli amgvari masala. garda amisa, Cven roca vmsjelobT socio-
lingvistur sakiTxebze, viTvaliswinebT empiriuli lingvisturi qarTvelologiis miRwevebs
(vvaraudobT, ra, rom profesionalma mkiTxvelma es icis); araiSviaTad, sxvagvar intepretacias
vaZlevT zog faqts. Tqmuli, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs imas, rom damatebiTi empiriuli masalis
ganxilva saWirod ar migvaCndes (Cveni samecniero sazogadoeba male ixilavs t. futkaraZisa da
mis TanaavtorTa vrcel monografiebs, romlebSic gaanalizebuli iqneba swored amgvari mona-
cemebi).
mesame, sxva faqtorebTan erTad empiriuli masalis gaTvaliswinebac gvaZlevs imis mtki-
cebis uflebas, rom svanuri jgufis dialeqtebi danarCen qarTvelur dialeqtebTan daaxloe-
biT iseTsave mimarTebaSi arian, rogorc bavariuli danarCen germanul kiloebTan da Tuki ba-
variuli enad ar miiCneva, ratom unda CaiTvalos svanuri jgufis dialeqtebi calke enad?
meoTxe, oponents ar ekadreba, "uazroba" uwodos Cvens qcevas Tundac imitom, rom zus-
tad aseTive "uazroba" sayovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli mis samSoblo germaniaSi da bavariuls
am "uazrobis" gamo uwodeben germanuli enis dialeqts. sakiTxavia: rac azriania germaniaSi,
ratomaa uazroba saqarTveloSi?

39
 19. Cveni kolegis "kriteriumTa skivrSi" kidev erT axal "sazoms" uWiravs adgili. es
aris "sayovelTao intuicia". v. boederi acxadebs: "daSoreba vaxuStiseuli saRi azridan,
romlis mixedviTac svanuri aris ena, sayovelTao intuicias ewinaaRmdegeba"-o [boederi, 2005,
gv. 220].
v. boederi aq kidev erTxel gvlanZRavs yvelas, visac svanuri enad ar migvaCnia, saRad ar
azrovnebeno. vnaxoT, TviTon ra xerxiT icavs "saR azrs":
a) v. boederma kargad icis, rom, marTalia, vaxuStis erTgan svanuris aRsaniSnavad gamo-
yenebuli aqvs termini "ena", magram Cveni oponenti aq iviwyebs sxva faqts: igive vaxuSti sxvagan,
sadac yovelTa qarTvelTa (maT Soris svanTa) dedaenaze saubrobs, sruliad garkveviT wers,
qarTvelebs rom hkiTxo, ra enaze laparakob da romeli damwerloba ("wigni") icio, myisve mogi-
geben, qarTulio.
b) vaxuSti saerTod ar iyenebs termin "kilos" (miT umetes "dialeqts"), rac imas niS-
navs, rom misTvis sityva "ena" mravalmniSvnelobiania da enis mikrovariantebsac niSnavs. vaxuS-
tis teqstis swori analizis Sedegad m. tabiZe savsebiT samarTlianad daaskvnis, rom sityva
"ena" vaxuStisTan "metyvelebas" niSnavs: "Cven am konteqstSi Sesaferis terminad migvaCnia swo-
red "metyveleba" da ara "ena", ramdenadac vaxuSti bagrationi "enad" ixseniebs gurulTa, imer-
Ta, mesxTa da sxv. qarTul kuTxeTa metyvelebasac da osTa da qistTa metyvelebasac" [tabiZe,
2005, gv. 32]. marTlac, vaxuSti gurulebis daxasiaTebisas wers: "da ena maTi, romelsa ubnoben,
mesxur da ara imerTaebr" [vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 789]. gamodis, rom v. boederi Tvals xuWavs im faq-
tebze, rac mis "saR azrs" ewinaaRmdegeba da "saR azrze" armdgom vaxuStis TviTneburad mia-
wers TavisTvis sasargeblo Sexedulebas.
g) sayoveldReo intuicia Cvens SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba amgvari sakiTxis gadamwyveti
"sazomi" iyos da ai, ratom: Tu gaviziarebT v. boederis "saR azrs" da sayoveldReo intuicias
"kriteriumad" CavTvliT, maSin Tavi unda vaneboT yalb scientizms, ideis Camoyalibebis gare-
mo-pirobebi, anu epistemologiuri winapirobebic unda gamovikvlioT da davadginoT, Tu ro-
dis, rogor da vis mier inergeboda saqarTveloSi Tvalsazrisi sami an oTxi qarTveluri "enis"
arsebobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, swored sociolingvistikis saqmea imis Seswavla, Tu rogor gaxa-
da masobrivi sabWourma enobrivma da saganmanaTleblo politikam Sexeduleba 3-4 qarTveluri
"enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, roca "erovnul gamocdebSi" monawile aTasobiT abituri-
ents moeTxoveba icodes sakiTxi "qarTveluri enebi" da ara "qarTveluri ena", maTi "sayovel-
dReo intuiciac" myari stereotipis saxiT iTvisebs "saR azrs", rom svanuri "enaa"... sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, 200-wliani monobisagan iuridiulad gaTavisuflebul saqarTveloSi dRes
arsebuli "sayoveldReo intuicia" kvlavac imperiuli ideologiis tyveobaSia
CarCenili da igi imperiis enobrivi da saganmanaTleblo politikis Sedegia da ara
bunebrivi movlena. guldasawyvetia, rom Tavisufal, demokratiul da mowinave qveyanaSi
mcxovrebi Cveni kolega, imis magier, rom misalmeboda Cvens cdas, aRmovfxvraT imperiuli mem-
kvidreoba lingvistur qarTvelologiaSi, da dagvxmareboda am saqmeSi, imperiis moskoveli
ideologiviT iqceva da tendeciurad aSuqebs Cveni erisaTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebs, riTac
isev imperiuli ideologiis tyveobisaken gvibiZgebs. baraqala mas!
20. v. boederi uapelaciod acxadebs: "svanuri warmoadgens e. w. "Abstandsprache-s klasi-
kur magaliTs ("Abstandsprache", sityva-sityviT: "daSorebiT [daxasiaTebuli] ena"); sxva sit-
yviT rom vTqvaT, esaa ena, romelic wminda enobrivad "daSorebulia" enis yvela sxva variants,
ese igi, yvela sxva enobriv saxesxvaobaze molaparakisaTvis gaugebaria" [boederi, 2005, gv. 220].
jer erTi, marTali ar aris, TiTqos svanuri jgufis dialeqtebi yvela enobriv doneze
iyos daSorebuli sxva qarTveluri mikrovariantebisagan. es jer aravis da arsad daumtkicebia.
Tuki v. boeders, rogorc vnaxeT, uazrobad miaCnia "svanurisa da qarTulis" dialeqte-
bad CaTvla manam, sanam ar gamokvleula "svanurisa da qarTulis" urTierTmimarTeba, viTomda
ratom ar aris uazroba sapirispiros mtkiceba manam, sanam aravis daumtkicebia es? v. boeders
iqneb daesaxelebina Tundac erTi naSromi, romelSic ukve damtkicda yvela doneze "svanuri-
sa da qarTulis" "wminda enobrivi daSoreba". Tu aseTi naSromi marTla eguleba, iqneb isic
gviTxras, romeli zusti kriteriumebia masSi gamoyenebuli. rac ar arsebobs, ras daasaxelebs?
ase rom, araviTari "abStandSpraxe" svanuri ar aris, miT umetes ver iqneba igi amgvari
enis "klasikuri magaliTi"; deklaraciebi da gamoTqmis kategoriuli forma sabuTad ar gamod-
geba.
21. winaaRmdegobrivi da ukiduresad tendeciuria Semdegi vrceli msjeloba:
"roca urTierTgagebinebis an ara-gagebinebis kriteriums davuSvebT cnebebisTvis "dia-
leqti" da "abStandSpraxe", "enis" cneba jer mainc ar aris gansazRvruli. enobriv-komunikaciu-
ri wyvetiloba or enobriv saxesxvaobas Soris aris sakmarisi, magram ara aucilebeli kriteri-
umi ori sxvadasxva enis dasaSvebad. arsebobs dialeqtebi, kontinuums rom warmoqmnian, magram
mainc ver CaiTvleba erTi da imave enad. erTi xSirad citirebuli magaliTia skandinaviuri di-
aleqtebi. isini Seadgenen kontinuums, romlisTvisac, sul cota, nawilobrivi gagebineba main-
caa damaxasiaTebeli. magram istoriuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT maTi dayofa mainc xdeba
40
norvegiul, daniur da Svedur dialeqtebad im qveynis mixedviT, Tu sad laparakoben am dialeq-
tebze. msgavsi magaliTia e. w. "serbul-xorvatuli", romelic im dialeqtTa kontinuums Sead-
gens, romlebic dRes mravalTagan istoriuli, politikuri da kulturuli mosazrebiT or
enad, serbulad da xorvatulad, iTvleba: enas SeiZleba statusi "imdenad misi enobrivi Tvise-
bebis mixedviT ki ar mieces, aramed misi socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri maxasiaTeb-
lebis gaTvaliswinebiT" [es citata damowmebulia piter trajilis erT-erTi naSromidan - T.
g.] amrigad, arsebobs erTi ki ara, ori saxis wyvetiloba cneba "enis" gansasazRvravad: enobriv-
komunikaciuri wyvetiloba, romelic TviT enis Tvisebebs emyareba (gabunia, 2004: 168), da
socialuri (kulturuli, politikuri da a. S.) uwyvetoba, romelic enobrivi kontinuumis
garkveul monakveTs romelime socialuri jgufis mier istoriulad miekuTvneba, imitom, rom,
a. meies sityvebi rom kidev movixmoT, mis wevrebs "grZnoba da neba aqvT", calke enaze laparakob-
dnen (da xSirad swamT, rom es ena "abStandSpraxea"...) am ukanaskneli tipis ena, rogorc wesi, e.
w. "ausbauSpraxe"-a (Ausbausprache, sityvasityviT: "miSenebiT/ganvrcobiT [e.i. ganviTarebiT da-
xasiaTebuli] ena)" (gv. 220-221).
aq sworia is, rom gagebinebis "kriteriumiT" ver ganisazRvreba enis raoba, magram, etyo-
ba, avtors daaviwyda, rom gagebineba enis raobis ZiriTad ganmsazRvrelad gamoacxada araer-
Txel (mag., amave 220-e gverdze svanurze saubrisas). ufro metic, igi aqve, momdevno winadadeba-
Sic upirispirdeba Tavis Tavs, roca ambobs, ori enis dasaSvebad wyvetiloba sakmarisi, magram
araaucilebeli kriteriumiao.
yvelaze kuriozulia debuleba: "arsebobs dialeqtebi, kontinuums rom warmoqmnian,
magram ver CaiTvleba erTi da imave enad"-o. Tu dialeqtebi erTian, e. i. uwyvet kontinuums
qmnian, ratom ver unda CaiTvalon isini erT enad? sadaa definiciis sizuste, mecnieruli sic-
xade? ra sazomiTaa uwyveti kontinuumebi zogjer calke enebi da zogjer erTi ena? niSnavs Tu
ara es imas, rom wminda enobrivi faqtorebi aq verafers gvirkveven da mecnierni (maT Soris v.
boederic!) sxvadasxvanairad udgebian erTi da imave tipis SemTxvevebs? aris Tu ara es ormagi
standarti:
a) Tu qarTlels svanuri ar esmis - svanuri enaa, magram Tu Svabs bavariuli ar esmis - ba-
variuli mainc ar aris ena da igi germanuli enis dialeqtia;
b) Tu imerels esmis qarTluri - imeruli da qarTluri dialeqtebia, magram Tu Sveds
esmis norvegiuli - Sveduri da norvegiuli "mainc ver CaiTvleba erTi da imave enad"?
"kargi" logikaa, rac uneburad gafiqrebinebs, rom enaTmecnierebaSi im zogi meqoTnis
axireba Wris, romlebic qoTans yurs iqiT moabamen, saiTac TviTon surT, sxvas ki aseve moqcevas
ukrZalaven, anda rasac skandinaviis "enebs" ver ubedaven SvedeTis, daniisa da norvegiis mxri-
dan politikuri skandalis SiSiT, imas ubedaven serb-xorvatebsa da qarTvelebs.
werilis dasawyisSi v. boederi, ramdenime elementaruli faqtis Sexsenebas gvpirdebo-
da, magram gzadagza winaaRmdegobriv msjelobebSi ise Caeflo, rom dauxmareblad iqidan gamoR-
weva masac gauWirdeba da mis mimdevrebsac. magaliTad, erTi mxriv, igi acxadebs, rom
uwyvetobis arseboba erTi enis arsebobis maniSnebeliao, magram igive uwyvetoba aseTi das-
kvnisTvis sakmarisi da aucilebeli ar aris, roca saqme skandinaviis "enebisa" da serbul-xorva-
tulis raobis sakiTxs exeba. aq ukve aranairi yuradReba ar eqceva imas, rom wminda enobrivi
Tvisebebis gamourkvevlad saxesxvaobis (mag., svanuris) miCneva enad an dialeqtad v. boederis
sityviT, "uazrobaa".
amjerad ki ukve dasaSvebi gamodis istoriuli, socialuri, politikuri da kulturu-
li maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT sakiTxis gadawyveta.
ar SeiZleba ar vikiTxoT: ratom ar gvaqvs ufleba, me da t. futkaraZes wminda enobriv
faqtorebTan erTad gaviTvaliswinoT igive istoriuli, socialuri, politikuri da kultu-
ruli maxasiaTeblebi da svanuri jgufis dialeqtebic, megrulica da lazuric enebad ar miviC-
nioT? mxolod imitom, rom saqarTvelo ruseTs hyavda dapyrobili, rom saqarTvelo ar mdeba-
reobs Tundac skandinaviis naxevarkunZulze da imitom, rom TiTqmis ori saukune carizmi da
sabWoTa xelisufleba aqtiurad nergavda TavisTvis sasargeblo da qarTvelTaTvis saziano Se-
xedulebas?
modelebis moyvaruli v. boederis Sexedulebac SeiZleba movaqcioT aseT modelSi:
ara aqvs araviTari mniSvneloba enobrivi saxesxvaobis wminda enobriv, istoriul, soci-
alur, kulturul da politikur maxasiaTeblebs. mTavaria, rad migaCnia is qveyana, sadac es sa-
xesxvaobaa gavrcelebuli: civilizebul da Zlier saxelmwifod Tu velurebis sabinadrod (e.i.
arsebiTia ideologiuri pozicia). Zlier saxelmwifoSi gavrcelebul saxesxvaobas iseT sta-
tuss mianiWeb, rogoric TviT im saxelmwifoSi miaCniaT saWirod, xolo sust saxelmwifoSi
gavrcelebuli saxesxvaobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas unda gaiTvaliswino am qveynis yofili an amJa-
mindeli dampyroblis Sexeduleba da Tanac iZaxo, sakiTxis politizeba rogor SeiZlebao.
amasTanave kargi iqneba, Tu naklebad vrcel naSroms gamoaqveyneb am sakiTxebze, raTa Senda une-
burad ar gaamJRavno Seni zneobrivi sisuste. kargia, Tu Seni poziciis SeniRbvas Seecdebi sa-

41
Tanado, mecnierulis msgavsi terminologiiT, magaliTad, Tu SemoiReb "abStandSpraxe" - "aus-
bauSpraxe" -s opoziciur cnebebs da maTi manipulirebiT daabnev mkiTxvels (Tu daibna!).
22. boederi cdilobs, dagvarwmunos, rom "abStandSpraxeebi" Zalze gansxvavdebian
"ausbauSpraxeebisagan". "ausbauSpraxes" ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi maTi damoukidebloba, stan-
dartuloba, maRali funqciuri statusi da ganviTarebulobaa. Sesabamisad unda vivaraudoT,
rom "abStandSpraxe" ar aris damoukidebeli ena, arc standartizebulia da dabali funqciu-
ri statusic aqvs, e.i. ufro gasagebad Tu vityviT, velurobis doneze mdgomi erTeulia (ix. gv.
221)
nuTu am niSnebiT daxasiaTeba wminda enobrivi niSnebiT daxasiaTebaa? ra sazomiT izo-
meba enis damoukidebloba? standartuloba da maRali funqciuri statusi enobrivi politi-
kis Sedegia, xolo ganviTarebulobas aseve ver daadgen zustad. am SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs ara-
viTari zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumi, romelic erTmaneTisagan uproblemod gagvarCevi-
nebda "abStandSpraxesa" da "ausbauSpraxes". wamyvan sazomebad enobrivi politikis Sedegebis
gamocxadeba obieqturi ar aris. aq ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, rom e. w. "ausbauSpraxe" nebismi-
eri enobrivi mikrovariantisagan SeiZleba Camoyalibdes garkveuli politikuri miznebiT. mag.:
roca carizmma mordovelebs da komi-permiakebs or-ori samwignobro ena Seuqmna, gana amis Se-
degad miRebuli 4 "damoukidebeli ena" marTla damoukidebeli enebia? es bunebriv procesebze
Zaldatanebaa! anda ratom ar SeiZleba aseTi logikiT "ausbauSpraxed" CavTvaloT xelovnuri
enebi, vTqvaT, esperanto, romelsac am tipis enis yvela niSani aqvs: damoukidebelicaa, stan-
dartizebulic, maRali funqciuri statusic aqvs da ganviTarebulicaa, oRond am enaze dede-
bi Svilebs iavnanas ar umRerian, biWebi gogonebs siyvaruls ar uxsnian, adamianebi erTmaneTs
ar lanZRaven da "vai, dedas"ar iZaxian?
aseTi "rkiniseburi" logikiT ver aixsneba is, rom Sveduri, daniuri da norvegiuli mar-
Tla enebia. boederi aq mTavars pirdapir ar ambobs:
enaTmecnierebas enis raobis ganmsazRvreli zusti da Semowmebadi kriteriumebi ar moe-
poveba. konkretul enobriv saxesxvaobas ena SeiZleba ewodos swored iseTi araenobrivi mize-
zebis gamo, rogoricaa: istoriuli tradicia, politikuri da kulturuli miznebi, mecnieris
TviTneboba da a. S. [vrclad ix. gvancelaZe, 2003 b]. boederi amas iribad mainc aRiarebs. amri-
gad, dayofa "abStandSpraxeebad" da "ausbauSpraxeebad" xelovnuri da naZaladevia. Tanac
terminologiuradac aSkaraa, rom "abStandSpraxeebad" da "ausbauSpraxeebad" ena-
kiloTa klasifikacia mxolod germanulma samecniero auditoriam SeiZleba gaigos da
miiRos (Tu, ra Tqma unda, yovelive ucxouris motrfiale zogierTi qarTveli qarTul saenaT-
mecniero literaturaSi am axali terminebiT ar ametyveldeba).
23. Svedurisa da svanuris gansxvavebulobis dasamtkiceblad boederi aseT msjelobas
gvTavazobs:
".cneba "Sveduri ena" ixmareba ori mniSvnelobiT, romlebic ZiriTadad Seesabameba mode-
lebs 1 da 2: erTi mxriv, "Sveduri ena" aRniSnavs rogorc standartul enas, ise yvela sxva Sve-
dur saxesxvaobas (modeli 1). amave gagebiT "qarTuli" erTi mxriv saxelwodebaa qarTuli stan-
dartuli enisa xevsurulisa da gurulis sapirispirod, romlebic avtonomiuri (e.i. damouki-
debeli) da standartizebuli araa; meore mxriv ki "qarTuli ena" saxelia qarTulis yvela sa-
xesxvaobisa erTad: saliteraturo enis, dialeqtebis da a. S. guruli da xevsuruli heterono-
mulia, radgan maTze molaparakeni qarTulis sxva saxesxvaobaze arian damokidebulni iseTi
funqciebis Sesasruleblad, rogoricaa "romanebis wera", "kompiuteris saxmari instruqciis
gageba" an "parlamentSi sityviT gamosvla." megrelebi da svanebi, amis sapirispirod, romlebic
qarTul standartul enas iyeneben enobrivad ar arian heteronomulni, isini sxva enas iyeneben,
"Abstandsprache"-s naxsenebi azriT isini orenovanni arian" (gv.221-222).
ra udevs safuZvlad am msjelobas? v.boederis mier winaswar arCeuli, hipoTezaze damya-
rebuli usabuTo pozicia Tu obieqturi faqtebis mkacri meTodologiiTa da zusti, Semowme-
badi kriteriumebiT kvleva? ra Tqma unda, pirveli da imitom, rom rogorc ukve araerTxel iT-
qva, enaTmecnierebas dRemde ara aqvs am sakiTxis gadawyvetis arc meTodologia da arc zusti,
Semowmebadi kriteriumebi. daskvna damokidebulia ara konkretuli faqtebis zust analizze,
aramed imaze, Tu arsebuli "modelebidan" romels avirCevT, anu subieqtur motivebze. sakma-
risia, ar gaviziaroT aseve subieqtur motivebze damyarebuli boederiseuli sqema "abStan-
dSpraxeebisa" da "ausbauSpraxeebis" arsebobis Sesaxeb, rom mTeli misi "mwyobri sistemisagan"
araferi darCes. es sqema xom wmindad voluntaristulia da mas safuZvlad udevs is, Tu rogor
SevafasebT enobrivi saxesxvaobis istoriul, kulturul, politikur, socialur da funqci-
ur maxasiaTeblebs. magaliTad:
Tu gagebinebas miviRebT ZiriTad kriteriumad, maSin Sveduri ena ki ara, Svedur-daniur-
norvegiuli (skandinaviuri) enis teritoriuli varianti iqneba, romelsac istoriuli, kul-
turuli, politikuri da socialuri mizezebis gamo xelovnurad da ara bunebrivad aqvs amaR-
lebuli funqciuri statusi da dRes ukve standartizebuli variantia. aseT SemTxvevaSi Sve-
duris adgili aRar rCeba msoflios enaTa CamonaTvalSi. sxva, wminda enobrivi maxasiaTeble-
42
biT Tu vixelmZRvanelebT, Sveduri arc am gziT gamova ena, vinaidan igi gacilebiT ufro axlo-
saa daniur da norvegiul variantebTan, vidre bavariuli SvaburTan; bavariuls da Svaburs ki
enebad aravin miiCnevs kvlav istoriuli, kulturuli, politikuri, socialuri da funqciuri
motivebis gamo.
wminda lingvisturi monacemebiT qarTuli da Sveduri ar aris erTi donis erTeulebi.
samagierod, wminda enobrivi, istoriuli, kulturuli, politikuri, socialuri da funqciu-
ri parametrebis kompleqsuri gaTvaliswinebiT qarTuli imave donis erTeulia, rogoricaa
germanuli Svaburisa da bavariulis CaTvliT. amitom qarTvelur enobriv sinamdvileSi svanu-
ri, lazuri da megruli iseTive saxesxvaobebia, rogoricaa bavariuli germanul enobriv sinam-
dvileSi.
citirebul monakveTSi boederi ucnaur logikas iyenebs: mas Sveduri enad imitom miaCnia,
rom asea miRebuli da cdilobs am miRebuli Sexedulebis gamarTlebas, magram mas megrelebi
da svanebi orenovnebad imitom miaCnia, rom aqac asea miRebuli carizmisa da sabWoTa
ideologiis zewoliT da am gziT Camoyalibebuli tradiciis mixedviT. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, v. boederi sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, enebia Tu dialeqtebi svanuri da megruli, wyvets
winaswar, man Tavidanve "icis", rom isini enebia da amis Semdeg "gvimtkicebs", rom isini enebia.
aseTi "kvleva", ra Tqma unda, obieqturobisagan Sors dgas da mecnieris TviTnebobis
(voluntarizmis) aSkara magaliTia. sakmarisia, v.boederma Tavi anebos modelebs da bavariu-
lis istoriuli, kulturuli, politikuri, socialuri da funqciuri parametrebisadmi ger-
manelTa da sxvaTa kompleqsuri midgoma gaavrcelos qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros mimarTac,
rom CvenTan sadavo aRaraferi darCes da dagveTanxmos: arc megruli, arc lazuri, arc svanuri
jgufis dialeqtebi enebad aRar moeCveneba da ar daiwyebs svanTa da megrelTa orenovnebaze sa-
ubars. Cven swored germanuli midgomis (kompleqsurobis) momxreni varT, rac danaSauli
ar unda iyos.
24. v. boederi vrclad msjelobs megrulisa da lazuris urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesa-
xeb da daaskvnis, rom isini dialeqtebia, oRond ara qarTuli enisa, aramed misgan gansxvavebuli
zanuri enisa (gv.222-224). igi aqac winaswar uSvebs zanuri enis arsebobis faqts da daskvnac Se-
sabamisi gamohyavs.
25. oponenti wers: "ar aris marTali, TiTqos rozens ar hqonodes kriteriumi "enisa" da
"dialeqtis" gansasxvaveblad (gvancelaZe, 2003 b; gv. 119). kriteriumi, Cveulebisamebr, aris
urTierTgagebineba (da swavladoba) msgavsebis safuZvelze" (gv.224, Sen.63).
me sulac ar migulisxmia, rom g.rozens araferi miaCnda kriteriumad. me vwer imis Sesa-
xeb, rom gagebineba sazogadod ar aris kriteriumi da sulerTia, vin miiCnevs mas aseTad "Cveu-
lebisamebr" Tu "uCveulod". arc swavladobaa risame sazomi enaTmecnierebaSi.
26. v. boederi gaocebas gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom n.mari lazurs enad acxadebs winaaRmde-
gobrivi msjelobis safuZvelze: "Tu ratom xdis enad lazurs es erTianoba da gansxvavebuloba,
CemTvis gaurkvevelia"-o (gv. 224, Sen. 65). CemTvisac gaurkvevelia, ratom araa ena bavariuli da
ratomaa enebi svanuri da zanuri. v.boeders aocebs n.maris is nakli, rac TviTonac aqvs.
27. avtori kidev erTxel ewinaaRmdegeba sakuTar Tavs da acxadebs: "gansxvavebuli enis
statusi ar SeiZleba ganisazRvros mxolod enobrivi msgavsebis safuZvelze, mas socialuri
komponentic axlavs" (gv.224-225). ra Tqma unda, mxolod enobrivi msgavseba marTlac ar aris
mTavari am sakiTxis garkvevisas da socialur mxaresac aqvs mniSvneloba.
28. enobrivi saxesxvaobis statusis gansasazRvrad v.boederi Semdeg socialur
sakiTxTa garkvevas miiCnevs aucileblad: "sociolingvistebsa da enis sociologebs SeuZli-
aT daadginon, molaparakeTa mocemuli jgufi TviTon acxadebs Tu ara pretenzias, rom metyve-
lebis maTi saxesxvaoba enaa, Tu romeli qvejgufi ganacxadebs am pretenzias da ratom da dasvan
sakiTxi, Tu ra mimarTebaSia maTi pretenzia mocemuli sazogadoebis eTnikur, socialur, ku-
turul Tu sxva atributebTan. erTi kontinuumis sxvadasxva kiloze molaparakeni erT enas mi-
ekuTvnebian manamde, sanam Tavis kiloze laparakis dros am enaze molaparakeebad Tvlian Tavs.
gurulebsa da xevsurebs, a. meies sityvebi rom gavimeoroT, "aqvT grZnobaca da survilic, ekuT-
vnodnen erTsa da imave enobriv erTobas", magram serbebisa da xorvatebis SemTxvevaSi bolo jam-
Si unda vaRiaroT, rom isini, an maTgan isini, visac (zogierTi enaTmecnieriviT) surs ganageb-
des diskurss enis Sesaxeb, xorvatulsa da serbuls or sxvadasxva enad ganixilaven. da isic un-
da gavarkvioT, asimetriuli xom ar aris enobrivi gansxvavebulobis aRqma lazebsa da megreleb-
Si (e.i. erTni Tavis enobriv saxesxvaobas sxva enad Tu aRiqvamen, meoreni ki imave saxesxvaobas
dialeqtebad Tvlian), an am enobrivi gansxvavebulobis pretenzia dainteresebul gareSeTa mo-
gonili xom ar aris, rogorc zogierTi mokamaTe fiqrobs" (gv.225).
e.i. v. boederi gvTavazobs plebiscitis (gamokiTxvis) meTodis gamoyenebas, magram aq da-
ismis sakiTxebi: rodis da sad gamodgeba es meTodi? ramdenad obieqturi iqneba droisa da ad-
gilis faqtorTa (anu, rogorc frangebi ambobdnen "droisa da adgilis sulis") gauTvaliswi-
neblad mowyobili plebiscitis Sedegebi? ramdenad sworad da obieqturad iqneba formuli-
rebuli kiTxva an kiTxvebi? dRes rom TurqeTSi da TurqeTidan germaniaSi migrirebuli laze-
43
bi gamovkiTxoT, ras gvipasuxeben isini, Tuki maT identobaze 400-wliani Turquli enobrivi
politikis damangreveli da intensiuri zewola xdeboda? maT xom elementarul donezec ki ar
aswavlidnen sakuTar istorias da CasCiCinebdnen, Tqven gurjebi, e.i. qristiani qarTvelebi ara
xarTo? (sxvaTa Soris, amgvari plebisciti nawilobriv moawyo kidevac t.futkaraZem da es v.bo-
edermac mSvenivrad icis. ix. Tundac t.futkaraZis fundamenturi monografia "qarTvelebi").
ras gvipasuxebs megrelebisa da svanebis nawili, roca maT identobaze aseTsave mZlavr zemoqme-
debas axdenda caristul-sabWouri enobrivi politika, romelsac ase exmianeba v.boederis naS-
romic? dainteresebul gareSeTa faqtori ukve 400 welia moqmedebs, Tumca man sasurvel Sede-
gebs jer kidev ver miaRwia.
ise gasaocari kia, roca v.boederi gvTavazobs imis garkvevas, ris garkvevasac me da t.fut-
karaZe vcdilobdiT, TviTon ki amaSi sakiTxis politizebas xedavda da ris gamoc am mowodebi-
sasac gvkenwlavs. ra vqnaT, vikvlioT Tu ara imisi mizezi, Tu ratom hgonia zogierT lazs, meg-
relsa da svans TavianTi enobrivi saxesxvaobebi enebi? v.boederi Tan "hos" gveubneba, Tanac gvi-
wunebs saqciels. mokled Wreli pepelas situacia iqmneba, boederi ki Tavisi qcevis uxerxulo-
bas ver grZnobs.
rac Seexeba imas, TiTqos, rogorc v.boederi migvaniSnebs, megrelebs, lazebsa da svanebs,
gurulebisa da xevsurebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar hqondeT "grZnoba da survili, ekuTvnodnen er-
Tsa da imave enobriv erTobas", sicruea, xolo v. boederi Seuracxyofs imave megrelebs,
lazebsa da svanebs kiril ianovskiseburi daJinebiT. am gziT igi swored dainteresebul ga-
reSeTa msgavsad irjeba. aseve dainteresebul gareSeTa uxeSi Carevis Sedegia isic, rom serbebsa
da xorvatebs jer erTmaneTi SeaZules, mere erTimeore aJletines da axla gveubnebian, vkiTxoT
maT, miaCniaT Tu ara Tavi erT enaze molaparakeebado. imdeni sisxlisa da cremlis Semdeg
"ara"-s garda ra pasuxi unda miiRo? magram gana es obieqturi monacemia? gana WeSmariti da miu-
kerZoebeli mecnieri aseTi cinikosi unda iyos da politikuri, ideologiuri da socialuri
kataklizmebis zemoqmedebiT dezorientirebul sociumTa mosazrebas unda emyarebodes da ar
xedavdes im anbanur SeWmaritebas, rom serbuli da xorvatuli "ausbauSpraxeebi" ki ara, "daya-
vi da ibatones" produqti da "didi politikis" msxverplad qceuli xalxis tragediis Sedegia.
batono vinfrid, Cven, "zogierTi mokamaTeebi", vxedavT, Tu ra moutanes qarTvel ers
(Tundac mecnierebis dargSi) dainteresebulma gareSeebma, vxedavT imasac, rom maTi morigi na-
biji saqarTvelos balkanizaciisaTvis "mecnieruli safuZvlis" momzadebaa, vxedavT imasac, rom
araerTi da ori “”sa-ucxoo” "obieqturi Teoretikosi" cecxlze navTs asxams gulcivad da
auRelveblad, imas ki ar ufiqrdeba (Tu swored rom ufiqrdeba?!), rom "ara-ho"-s erTdrou-
lad ZaxiliT aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamianis tragedia SeiZleba gamoiwvion. sociolingvis-
tika xom erT-erTi yvelaze politizebuli dargia.
davZen: gulcivad nuravin elis im dros, roca dainteresebul gareSeTa zewoliT da dab-
neul SinaurTa xeliT megruli, lazuri da svanuri "ausbauSpraxeebi" gaxdeba, Tqven xom gul-
dawyvetiT dasZenT, "...isini (jer) ar arian "ausbauSpraxeebi" Cveuli gagebiT"-o (gv. 225). Tu
ase Zalian geCqarebaT namdvili da axali "ausbauSpraxes" xilva, mand, germaniaSi, gaqvT bavari-
uli da is gadaaqcieT aseT "Spraxed", Cven ki gvacaleT, mivxedoT Cvens Sinaur saqmes.
29. avtori kidev erTxel ajamebs Tavis msjelobas da iZleva definicias "enisa" da "dialeq-
tisa" (gv. 226). am definiciis mixedviT, wamyvania gagebineba da uwyvetoba, Tumca avtori ar ga-
moricxavs arc kulturul, istoriul da sxva barierebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi war-
moiSoba "abStandSpraxe" an "ausbauSpraxe".
30. rogorc araerTxel iTqva, enaTmecnierebis istorikosi valdebulia faqtebis aRwe-
ris (vin, rodis da ra Tqva) garda aucileblad gamoikvlios "drois suli" da "adgilis suli",
anu gaarkvios, Tu rogori iyo sazogadoebrivi da ideuri mdgomareoba sakvlev adgilze da sak-
vlev droSi. sxvagvarad mxolod faqtebis mSral grovas miviRebT da analizic srulyofili
ar iqneba.
v. boederi mxolod imas aRnusxavs tendenciurad, Tu vin, rodis da ra Tqva, romeli mode-
li gamoiyena, adgilisa da drois "suls" ki yuradRebas ar aqcevs, Tumca icis, rom es mniSvne-
lovania (ix. mag., gv. 225, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom saWiroa, gairkves, Tu ratom da visi CareviT
miiCnevs molaparakeTa jgufi Tavis metyvelebas enad, xolo 227-e gverdze acxadebs, rom cnebebi
"ena" da "kilo" nawilobriv istoriulia da "...maTi gaazreba mxolod Sesabamis istoriul kon-
teqstSia SesaZlebeli", Tumca piradad mas Tavis "samecniero-istoriul" mimoxilvaSi sityvac
ar dauZravs, magaliTad, imaze, Tu ratom Sewyvita al. cagarelma 1880 wlidan enaTmecniereba-
Si muSaoba da a. S.).
31. Cveni oponenti acxadebs, rom advili ar aris enisa da dialeqtis cnebaTa gansazRvra
(es marTalia!) da maTi meSveobiT operireba. igi imedismomcemi TavmdablobiT aRniSnavs imasac,
"...zemoT gamoTqmul azrebsac ar aqvs pretenzia, iyos yvela calkeuli SemTxvevisaTvis advi-
lad mosargebi...", magram am Tavmdablobas amxels v. boederis Semdegi kategoriuli gancxadeba:
"...magram sruliad TvalnaTlivi SemTxvevebi mainc sakmarisad arsebobs, da calkeuli saWoWma-
no SemTxvevebis arseboba ver dagvabrkolebs, visargebloT "enisa" da "dialeqtis" cnebebiT,

44
romlebmac enaTmecnierul praqtikaSic daimkvidra adgili da yofacxovrebaSic. rac Seexeba
qarTvelur enebs, aq, rogorc CemTvis cnobilia, saerTod ar gvaqvs saorWofo SemTxveva. miuxe-
davad amisa, mainc arseboben avtorebi, romelTa azriT es cnebebi miRebuli azriT saqarTve-
los enobriv sinamdviles jerovnad ver asaxavs" (gv. 226; stili daculia).
gavaxsenoT v. boeders dasavleT evropis magaliTebi da gavarkvioT, marTla arsebobs Tu
ara iq aseTi "sruliad TvalnaTlivi SemTxvevebi" da aris Tu ara iqve ara "calkeuli", aramed
mravali "saWoWmano SemTxveva" (dasavleT evropas imitom virCevT, rom iq gavrcelebuli enebi
yvelaze ukeT Seswavlilad miiCneva). aris Tu ara lingvistikaSi sadavo katalonuri metyvele-
bis, safrangeTSi provansuli metyvelebis, germaniaSi bavariuli metyvelebis, skandinaviis
qveynebSi daniuris, Svedurisa da norvegiulis, italiaSi siciliurisa da sardiniulis sta-
tusis sakiTxi? sad mTavrdeba germanuli enis gavrcelebis sazRvari da sad iwyeba holandiu-
risa? TiToeul am metyvelebasTan dakavSirebiT uamravi urTierTgamomricxavi Tvalsazrisia
gamoTqmuli, rac dasavleT evropaSi saWoWmano SemTxvevaTa simravleze miuTiTebs da ara
"TvalnaTlivi SemTxvevebisa". aseTive saWoWmanoa uamravi magaliTi samxreT da aRmosavleT ev-
ropaSic (makedoniuris, serbulis, xorvatulis, slovenuris, rusulis, ukrainulis, belaru-
sulis... magaliTebi). sxva saqmea, rom am sakiTxebze momuSave yovel mkvlevars swored Tavisi mo-
sazreba miaCnia "TvalnaTliv SemTxvevad" v. boederiviT. ratom hgonia v. boeders, rom zogad
sociolingvistikasa da enis sociologiaSi marto mis mier citirebul avtorebs aqvT gamoT-
qmuli TavianTi "TvalnaTlivi" Sexedulebani da am Sexedulebebs mkveTrad ar upirispirdeba
sxva avtorTa Tvalsazrisebi enisa da kilos cnebaTa gansazRvris sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT? (sa-
Tanado vrceli literaturis erTi nawili t. futkaraZesac aqvs CamoTvlili).
ratom malavs v. boederi im faqts, rom qarTvelur saenaTmecniero praqtikaSi enisa da
dialeqtis im gagebam, romelsac v. boederi aseTi xerxebiT icavs, bunebrivad ki ara, caristul-
sabWouri imperiuli ideologiuri manqanis zewoliT daimkvidra adgili, xolo qarTvelTa yo-
fa-cxovrebaSi igive gageba sabWouri saskolo da sauniversiteto ganaTlebis sistemis
meSveobiT inergeboda? icis Tu ara v. boederma, Tu rogori roli Seasrules am saqmeSi k. ia-
novskim, dekanozma i. vostorgovma, levickim, a. grenma, generalma sitinma, T. aSordiam, bolSe-
vikebis mier Seqmnilma organizacia "mafalum" da rogori cxare diskusiebi imarTeboda am sa-
kiTxze XIX saukunis meore naxevridan XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde? mag., 1899 wels carizmis
gegmiT Sedgenili "megruli anbanis" winasityvaobaSi a. greni (SemdgomSi profesori) Seufa-
ravad werda: "am anbanis Sedgenisas me miznad mqonda, rogorme, Tundac arapirdapir, gamomewvia
nacionaluri brZolisaTvis megrelebi, romelTav fexqveS Telavs ufro Zlieri qarTveli
xalxi. aseTi brZola, WeSmaritad, sruliad SeuZlebelia sakuTari erovnuli anbanis uqonlad,
[im anbanisa,] romliTac megreli Tavis azrebs iseve gamoxatavda, rogorc misi mteri, am
SemTxvevaSi - qarTveli..".
pativcemul mkiTxvels danarTSi SeuZlia ixilos maSindel qarTvel moRvaweTa sapirispiro
pozicia da safuZvliani argumentebi. am da sxva mravali faqtis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe miRebu-
li daskvnebi sando ver iqneba.
32. v. boederi acxadebs, a. onianis interpretacias arsebiT sakiTxebSi veTanxmebio (gv.
226). misi piradi nebaa, visac surs, imas daeTanxmos, magram imas ki Sevaxsenebdi, rom a. onianis
interpretaciisa da argumentebis nakli me da t. futkaraZem ukve vaCveneT. v. boederis mier am
naklis daunaxaoba misi tendenciurobis maniSnebelia.
33. v. boederi t. futkaraZis erT-erTi naSromis Sesaxeb saubrisas iyenebs princips "ge-
Tanxmebi, magram ar geTanxmebi;" kerZod, igi eTanxmeba t. futkaraZes, rom saWiroa, gairkves eni-
sa da kilos cnebaTa raoba, raTa orazrovnebas averidoT, Tumca iqve dasZens: "...magram sul
araa aucilebeli, es klasikuri gansazRvrebis gziT moxdes, e.i. genus proximum-is miTiTebiT da
gamomricxavi differentia specifica-Ti. midgomis sxva SesaZlebloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gamovi-
deT aSkara, tipiuri da xSiri SemTxvevebidan, magram davuSvaT saorWofo SemTxvevebis arsebo-
ba" (gv.226-227).
CemTvis sruliad cxadia, v. boederi imitom uaryofs klasikuri gansazRvrebis aucileb-
lobas, rom aseTi gansazRvreba arc arsebobs da SeuZlebelicaa misi arseboba, vinaidan ena ur-
Tulesi, kompleqsuri movlenaa da lingvistikas dRemde ara aqvs zusti Semowmebadi kriteriu-
mebi enisa da kilos gasamijnad. amas ki v. boederi ar aRiarebs.
rac Seexeba v. boederis mier SemoTavazebul midgomas aSkara, tipuri da xSiri SemTxveve-
bidan amosvlis gziT enisa da kilos gasamijnad, es midgoma maSin gamodgeboda, aSkara da tipu-
ri SemTxvevebi marTla rom Warbobdes saorWofo SemTxvevebs, magram meore rom Warbobs pir-
vels, ra vqnaT?
34. Ria kars amtvrevs boederi, roca jer eTanxmeba t. futkaraZes ("...marTalia, rom aseTi
sociolingvisturi cnebebi, rogoricaa "ena da kilo", empirikuli TvalsazrisiT metad intui-
ciuri xasiaTisaa. isini araa wminda lingvisturi"-o), Semdeg ki aRniSnavs, "...sociolingviste-
bic skeptikurad arian ganwyobilni "enisa" da "dialeqtis" gamijvnis SesaZleblobisadmi..., mag-
ram amitom cnebebis mcdarad an gamousadegarad gamocxadeba Secdomaa"-o (gv. 227). aq kvlav "ge-
45
Tanxmebi, magram ar geTanxmebi"-s principia daculi. avtori ar ufiqrdeba, rom sociolingvis-
tTa skefsiss safuZveli aqvs da swored amitom migvaCnia me da t. futkaraZes es terminebi (da
ara cnebebi) pirobiTad da uzustod. mas ar uCndeba kiTxva: Tuki es terminebi (da ara cnebebi)
metad intuiciuri, e.i. subieqturia, ra aris gasaocari imaSi, rom sociolingvistebs skepti-
cizmi euflebaT? ai, v. boeders ratom aqvs optimizmi am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, es marTlac ga-
ugebaria!
35. v. boederi wers, "ena" da "kilo" nawilobriv istoriuli cnebebicaa da, rogorc vna-
xeT, maTi gaazreba mxolod Sesabamis istoriul konteqsSia SesaZlebelio (gv.227). Cvenc ase
vfiqrobT, oRond v. boederisagan gansxvavebiT, istoriul konteqstad marto faqtebi (vin, ra
da rodis Tqva) ki ara, aramed droisa da adgilis "sulic" migvaCnia.
36. v. boederi i. Smidtis mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT sworad aRniSnavs, rom SesaZlebelia a,
b, g dialeqtTagan erT-erTma amoagdos meore sxvadasxva faqtoris zegavleniT. aseT SemTxveva-
Si amJamad SeiZleba mxolod a da g saxesxvaobebi iyos SemorCenili da maT Soris sxvaobac didi
SeiniSnebodes (gv. 227, Sen.66). Cemi azriT, swored aseTi SemTxveva unda momxdariyo Tanamed-
rove afxazeTis teritoriaze adreul Sua saukuneebSi, sadac ptolemaiosis cnobiT svano-
kolxebis tomi saxlobda. es svano-kolxebi albaT svanurisa da megrulis Sualedur, gardama-
val metyvelebas iyenebdnen, romelic SemdgomSi "wminda" megrulma gadafara. amis gamo dRes
megrulsa da svanurs Soris sakmaod mkveTria enobrivi sazRvari, rac Tavidan ar unda yofili-
yo. rac Seexeba gardamaval zonas megrulsa da imeruls Soris, igi axlac arsebobs da moicavs
samtrediis, xonis, abaSisa da martvilis raionebs.
37. v.boederi eTanxmeba t.futkaraZes imaSi, rom mkvlevris mizani enobrivi erTeulis
kvlevaa da mecnierma "jer unda iswavlos ukve arsebuli (sayovelTaod miRebuli) enebisa da
dialeqtebis saxeldebis principebi". oponenti aqve dasZens, "magram amisaTvis saWiroa empiriu-
li sociolingvistika, romelic aqamde warmoebul diskusiaSi maincdamainc ar Cans. amis magiv-
rad gaunaTlebel molaparakeebs rigiani garCevis uunaroba braldebaT - SezRudva, romelic
sociolingvistisagan erTob gasakviria, radgan swored "gaunaTlebeli molaparakea" socio-
lingvistikis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso obieqti" (gv. 227-228).
aq v. boederi Tavs ise gvaCvenebs, TiTqos ver mixvda, ras iTxovs t.futkaraZe, arada
t.futkaraZe imas ambobs, rom sociolingvistma unda Seiswavlos, Tu ra principebisa da ra mo-
nacemebis safuZvelze xdeba enobriv saxesxvaobaTa saxeldeba sayovelTaod aRiarebul SemTxve-
vebSi, e.i. mkvlevarma unda Seiswavlos, Tu ra safuZvelze miiCneva enebad germanuli, frangu-
li, espanuri, italiuri, arabuli, Cinuri da a.S., ra safuZvelze ewodeba enebi da ara dialeq-
tebi Svedurs, daniurs, norvegiuls da a.S. nuTu es ar aris konkretuli sociolingvisturi
kvleva? t.futkaraZec da mec xom did adgils vuTmobT am principebis analizs? maS ratom mih-
yavs msjeloba v.boeders sxva mimarTulebiT? albaT imitom, rom mas ar moswons Cveni daskvna:
msoflioSi arsebuli arc erTi enobrivi saxesxvaoba enad saxeldebuli ar aris mxolod
wminda lingvisturi niSnebis safuZvelze da wamyvania eTnokulturuli an politikuri
faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba istoriul tradiciasTan erTad. ucnauri kia, Tavis naSromSi am
daskvnamde TviTon v.boederic midis, Tumca uWirs amis pirdapir, daufaravad aRiareba.
rac Seexeba imas, rom empiriuli sociolingvistika ar Cans Cvens diskusiaSi, arc es aris
gasaocari: am sakiTxebs diskusiamde sagangebo yuradReba ar eqceoda qarTvelologiaSi, vinai-
dan v.boederis msgavsad sxva qarTvelologebic miiCnevdnen, rom qarTvelur "enaTa" arsebobis
faqti ukve dadgenilia da gadasinjva ar sWirdeba. ise, rogorc zemoTac iTqva, empiriuli enob-
rivi masalis kvleva am TvalsazrisiT ukve dawyebuli aqvT t.futkaraZesa da mis Tanamoazrebs,
xolo maTi kvlevis Sedegebi nawilobriv gamoqveynebulic aris.
umarTebuloa v. boederis mier gamoTqmuli sayveduri imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos gaunaTlebel
molaparakeebs rigiani garCevis uunaroba braldebodes yovelTvis da mudam. t.futkaraZe aq
gulisxmobs imas, rom dainteresebul gareSeTa aqtiuri Carevis, enobrivi politikisa da aras-
worad orientirebuli saganmanaTleblo sistemis zemoqmedebiT calkeul SemTxvevebSi imde-
nad icvleba sazogadoebrivi azri, rom igi enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis argumentad ar gamod-
geba.
38. boederi Tavisda uneburad aRiarebs, rom gagebineba SeiZleba problemuri iyos ro-
gorc enebs, ise dialeqtebs Sorisac. igi jer acxadebs, "kiloebi... Seadgenen erTmaneTisTvis ga-
sageb variantTa kontinuumebs"-o (gv. 228), Semdeg ki msjelobs imaze, rom "SeiZleba molaparake-
ebi darwmunebulni ar iyvnen, yvelaferi esmiT Tu ara", rom "... a kiloze molaparakeebma SeuZ-
liaT iZaxon, rom dialeqti b ar esmiT, maSin roca b-ze molaparakeebs a esmiT" (gv.229). es ki
imas niSnavs, rom gagebineba marTlac qmnis problemas kiloebze molaparakeTa Soris maSinac ki,
roca b-ze molaparakeebs esmiT a, magram a-ze molaparakeni ver igeben b-s. roca erTs esmis meo-
risa da meore ver igebs pirvelis naTqvams, es gagebinebaa? an ratom eCveneba v.boeders Tavisi
poziciis ganmamtkiceblad Tavisive aRiareba: "amitomaa zogierTi sociolingvisti skeptiku-
rad ganwyobili gasagebobis kriteriumisadmi, radganac "srul gaugebrobasa" da srul gasage-

46
bobas Soris arsebobs vrceli orazrovani zona nawilobrivi gagebinebis, rasac Cven "naxevrad
gasageboba" SegviZlia vuwodoT"? (gv.229, miTiTebulia e.haugenis naSromi).
"naxevrad gasageboba" gana sruli gagebinebaa? v.boederi arc maSin iqneboda marTali, Tu
viTarebas SevabrunebdiT. vTqvaT, sruli gaugebroba, rogorc v.boeders surs, mxolod enebs
Soris arsebobs, xolo sruli gasageboba da "naxevrad gasageboba" - mxolod erTi da imave enis
kiloebs Soris. aseT SemTxvevaSi gaugebari rCeba, ratom aris sxvadasxva enebad miCneuli germa-
nuli da holandiuri, espanuri da katalonuri, franguli da provansuli, Sveduri, norvegiu-
li da daniuri da a.S. am "enebs" Soris xom ara marto "naxevrad gasageboba", aramed xSirad sru-
li gagebinebac ki SesaZlebelia?
anda ratom unda CavTvaloT megruli damoukidebel enad an zanuri enis dialeqtad, Tuki
imerulsa da megruls Soris minimum "naxevrad gasageboba" mainc arsebobs da megrels esmis
imerlis naTqvami, xolo samtredieli da xoneli imereli "naxevrad" igebs megruls (xvdeba, Tu
razea saubari). e.i. iseTive viTareba gvaqvs, rogorsac j.Ceimberssa da p. trajilze dayrdnobiT
aRwers v.boederi: ".... a kiloze molaparakeebma SeuZliaT iZaxon, rom dialeqti b ar esmiT, ma-
Sin roca b-ze molaparakeebs a esmiT..." (gv. 229).
aseT viTarebaSi, ra Tqma unda, araviTari safuZveli ara aqvs v.boederis optimizms, rom
gagebineba enisa da kilos gamijvnis zusti kriteriumia. amitomvea usafuZvlo misi kategoriu-
li gancxadeba, TiTqos qarTveluri "enebis" arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT saeWvo araferi iyos
(gv.229).
39. v. boederi i. gogebaSvilis frazaSi, megreli "Tavis adgilobriv dialeqts ucqeroda
rogorc mSobliur kilos"-o, imis sabuTad miiCnevs, TiTqos "... bevri molaparake Tavis umwig-
nobro enas... dialeqts uwodebs" (gv. 233, Sen.80). saocaria, sad dainaxa i.gogebaSvilis am gamo-
naTqvamSi v. boederma, rom iakobi an megrelebi megruls umwerlobo enas uwodebdnen? iakobi
savsebiT cxadad iyenebs terminebs "adgilobrivi dialeqti" da "mSobliuri kilo". sad weria
"umwerlobo ena"?
40. v.boederi aRniSnavs: "albaT, marTalia, rom enisa Tu dialeqtis erTianoba amagrebs
"erisa" Tu "Temis" erTobas, magram aqedan ar gamodis "logikuri wesi", rom "ers" mxolod erTi
enis ufleba unda hqondes ("erTi eri erT enaze unda laparakobdes", gvancelaZe, 2004b; 174).
vinaidan "aris"-sa da "unda iyos"-s Soris didi gansxvavebaa. qarTvelebs saerTo saliteratu-
ro ena aqvT, magram aqedan ar gamomdinareobs, rom maT ramdenime ena ara aqvT" (gv. 234).
qarTvelebs rom erTaderTi ena aqvT, gamodis msoflios enaTa (gansakuTrebiT dasavleT
evropis enaTa) saxeldebis im praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac v.boederma dumiliT auara
gverdi 227-e gverdze. rogorc ukve iTqva, yvelaze xSirad ena erqmeva erTeuls Sesabamisi so-
ciumis eTnokulturuli da politikuri interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT (samxreTslavur "ena-
Ta" SemTxvevebi meoreulia da "dainteresebul gareSeTa" Carevis Sedegia). sociumis interes-
Ta gaTvaliswinebisas zogjer mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, arsebobs Tu ara am sociumSi an mis ga-
reT mocemuli saxesxvaobis Tu mis saxesxvaobaTa sxvagvarad saxeldebis tradicia. magaliTad,
Cven vaRiarebT, rom arsebobs erTi germanuli ena da erTi franguli ena, Tumca angariSs ar vu-
wevT imas, rom TviT germaniaSic da safrangeTSic arsebobda da arsebobs tradicia zemogerma-
nuli da qvemogermanuli, okisa da oilis "enebis" gamoyofisa.
Cvens mosazrebas erTi qarTveluri enis arsebobis Sesaxeb amyarebs dasavleTevropuli
gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba; vfiqrobT: rac SesaZlebelia dasavleT evropaSi, SesaZle-
belia saqarTvelos enobriv sinamdvileSic.
aqve unda iTqvas erTi ramec: dedamiwis zurgze ar arsebobs Tavis istoriul miwa-
wyalze ganuwyvetliv mosaxle arc erTi bunebrivi eri, erTze meti ena rom hqondes...
qarTvelebis garda. ratom unda viyoT Cven erTaderTi gamonaklisi? miT umetes, rom verc em-
piriuli masalis analizis gziT da verc romelime kriteriumis gamoyenebiT veravin daamtkica
3-4 qarTveluri "enis" arseboba.
41. v.boederi ukadris xerxs iyenebs t.futkaraZis erT-erTi naSromis teqstis mimarT.
t.futkaraZe wers:
"cnobilia, rom qarTuli samwignobro enis SeqmnaSi Tavidanve yvela qarTveluri modgma
iRebda monawileobas (mag., pirveli qarTuli warwerebi ioane lazisa da petre iberis saxel-
Tan dakavSirebul ierusalimis monasterSi dasturdeba!). am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa
arn.Ciqobavas daskvna: qarTuli samwignobro ena Seiqmna zanuri da svanuri dialeqtis monawi-
leobiT (arn.Ciqobava, 1948). (....) saukuneebis manZilze qarTveloba ara mxolod qmnida
samwignobro enas, aramed misi Taobebi iwrToboda kidec am samwignobro enis kulturul vel-
Si..." (futkaraZe, 2003a, gv. 220).
davixsomoT, rom aq saubaria samwignobro enis Seqmnis procesSi yvela qarTveluri mod-
gmis monawileobaze. axla vnaxoT ra uyo v. boederma am monakveTis azrs. igi wers:
"misi (t.futkaraZis - T.g.) argumentia is, rom qarTvelTa yvela enobrivi saxesxvaoba qar-
Tuli dialeqtebia, radgan qarTvelebma yvelam erTad Seqmnes TavianTi saliteraturo ena"
(boederi, 2005, gv. 230-231).
47
 aq TiTqmis yvelaferi wesrigSia, avtoris azri ucvlelia, saubari kvlav saliteraturo
(samwignobro) enis Seqmnis procesSi qarTvelTa erTobliv monawileobas exeba, magram bolo
winadadebas 77-e SeniSvna mosdevs, sadac yvelaferi Tavdayiraa dayenebuli:
"erTobis es argumenti, rogorc Cans, a.Ciqobavasgan modis (gana es ar Cans im faqtidan,
rom t.futkaraZe imowmebs arn.Ciqobavas naSroms? - T.g.) CemTvis gaugebaria, ra kavSiri aqvs
qarTulad mwerali lazebis, megrelebisa da svanebis qarTul literaturaSi Tanamonawileo-
bis sakiTxTan, erTgvari qarTulia Tu ara lazuri ena da a.S. (nuTu Cvens metrs me unda vaswav-
lo, rom samwignobro ena ar aris literatura? saidan moitana man, rom t.futkaraZe litera-
turis Seqmnis sakiTxze wers? - T.g.). im faqtidan, rom polonelma jozef konradma didi wvli-
li Seitana inglisur literaturaSi, ar gamomdinareobs, rom polonuri inglisuris dialeq-
tia" (boederi, 2005, gv. 231, Sen. 77).
polemikis warmarTvis "didebuli" xerxia: gaamrudo avtoris naazrevi, absurdamde daiy-
vano cxadi azri da Tan Wkuac aswavlo masve!
aranakleb mniSvnelovani kidev erTi garemoeba: v.boederma aqve miayena Seuracxyofa sa-
megrelodan, lazeTidan da svaneTidan gamosul uklebliv yvela qarTvel mwerals, coc-
xlebsac da gardacvlilebsac - isini yvelani araqarTvelebad gamogvicxada j.konradTan
Sedarebis gziT da raindul epoqaSi, raindi rom yofiliyo b-ni vinfridi, mas amisaTvis duel-
Sic ki gamoiwvevdnen. magram dRes baton vinfrids es safrTxe, cxadia, ar emuqreba, igi am Sem-
TxvevaSi arc raindia da arc epoqaa Sesaferisi. samwuxarod, v.boederma megrelebi da svanebi
sxvaganac araqarTvelebad gamogvicxada ufro Seufaravad, roca ganacxada:
"vinc, rogorc enaTmecnierTa umravlesoba, cneba "enas" cneba "ers" ar moabams, mas azra-
dac ar mouva, qarTvelebi, megrelebi da svanebi (?! - T.g.) sam erad moeCvenos mxolod imitom,
rom sxvadasxva enaze laparakoben" (boederi, 2005, gv. 231-235).
davakvirdeT, erT frazaSi moqceul sityvebs: "qarTvelebi, megrelebi da svanebi". aSka-
raa, rom v.boederi, marTalia, pirdapir ar ambobs, megrelebi da svanebi qarTvelebi ar ariano,
magram swored amas gulisxmobs, Tan "gvamSvidebs" kidec, enaTmecnierTa umravlesobas amgvari
ram azradac ar mouvao. cinizmic amas hqvia! ai, rogori "patiosani", "obieqturi" da "arapoli-
tizebuli" brZandeba batoni vinfrid boederi, romelsac aqamde qarTvelebisagan (megrelTa,
lazTa da svanTa CaTvliT) arasodes mohklebia siTbo da siyvaruli. samwuxarod, v.boederis
SemTxvevaSi gamarTlda Cemi SiSi, rom mavanni mudam Seecdebian qarTveli eris mTlianobis
dasarRvevad gamoiyenon "Teoria" 3-4 qarTveluri "enis" viTomda arsebobis Sesaxeb (ix.
gvancelaZe, 2004, gv; 193). swored v.boederis msgavsTa Sesaxeb uTqvams SoTa rusTavels:
"moyvare mteri yovlisa mtrisagan ufro mteria,
ar miendobis guliTa, Tu kaci mecnieria".
42. v.boederis mier Catarebuli "Ria gakveTilis" bolo akordebia CvenTvis "gaRma Seeda-
ve"-s principiT politizebulobisa da "globalistobis" dabraleba (gv. 234); igi wers:
"yvelaze mTavaria: veranair axal Semecnebas ver mivaRwevT enobrivi Tu socialuri sinam-
dvilis Taobaze imis dialeqtTa jgufad warmoCeniT, rasac vaxuSti da TiTqmis yvela sxva
"enas" uwodebs, garda imisa, rom "qarTveli eri" qaRaldze ufro erTianad warmogvidgeba: "eri
- ena" aris gatoleba, romelic kargad esadageba im mravalnairobisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil
lozungebs, evropis axalma droebam rom warmoSva: "erTi xalxi - erTi saxelmwifo - erTi ena"
da misT. Cveni amocana enobrivi da sociolingvisturi sinamdvilis kompleqsurobis termino-
logiuri idiosinkreziis (idiosinkrazia "gamaRizianebelze avadmyofuri reagireba" - T.g.)
gziT gamartiveba ki ar aris, aramed misi gageba" (boederi, 2004, gv. 235).
am amonaridis dasawyisSi v. boederi kidev erTxel amaxinjebs faqtebs, roca vaxuStis mia-
wers Tavis Tanamoazreobas. aqve kvlav Sefarulad aris miniSnebuli, rom qarTveli eri (es
termini brWyalebSic kia moqceuli!) qaRaldze ufroa erTiani, vidre sinamdvileSi. e.i.
megrelebi, lazebi da svanebi amjeradac araqarTvelebad igulisxmebian "arapolitizebu-
li" v.boederis mier.
citirebuli gamonaTqvamis mTavari azri ki mainc Semdegia:
Cven arc ki unda viocneboT qaRaldze arsebuli eris erTianobaze, radgan es globaliza-
cias ewinaaRmdegeba, da unda SevinarCunoT mravalferovneba, e.i. raki arsebobs sami qarTvelu-
ri "eri", es status-kvo unda ucvlelad davtovoT da ar unda vreagirebdeT hiuit-foirSta-
in-boederis idiosinkraziaze. egeb jer germaneli erisTvis SeeTavazebina v. boeders is sqemebi,
romlebsac Cven gvaxvevs Tavs.
axla ki SevajamoT v.boederis statiis analizis Sedegebi; irkveva, rom:
1. vinfrid boederi arRvevs polemikisa da samecniero eTikis wesebs. kerZod, gansa-
xilveli sakiTxebis istorias mimoixilavs tendenciurad, TavisTvis sasargeblod; ara marto
amJamindel diskusiaSi monawileebs, aramed misgan gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis mqone sxva avto-
rebsac (sulxan-saba orbelians, vaxuSti batoniSvils, iakob gogebaSvils, petre Waraias, ivane
javaxiSvils...) miawers imas, rac maT arc uweriaT da arc ugulisxmiaT; gangeb amaxinjebs avtor-
Ta pozicias; sasurvels realurad acxadebs.
48
 sakiTxis istoriis mimoxilvisas v. boederi araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevs epistemolo-
giur faqtorebs, anu imas, Tu rogor sazogadoebriv-ideologiur garemoSi yalibdeboda, vi-
Tardeboda da inergeboda an CaixSoboda samecniero Tvalsazrisebi.
2. v.boederis pretenziuli statia kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom ar arsebobs enisa da
dialeqtis statusis ganmsazRvreli arc erTi zusti kriteriumi (arc CvenSi, arc dasavleT ev-
ropaSi). uklebliv yvela is "kriteriumi", romelTac mxars uWers v.boederi (gagebineba,
sistemuroba, diskretuloba-uwyvetoba...) aralingvisturia, winaaRmdegobrivia da aklia
sizuste. amis gamo erTi da imave "kriteriumis" sxvadasxva poziciidan gamoyeneba urTierTga-
momricxav Sedegebs iZleva.
3. mTeli statia dawerilia im paTosiT, TiTqos SesaZlebeli iyos enisa da dialeqtis
statusis sabolood dadgena zemoT dasaxelebuli "kriteriumebisa" da empiriuli enobrivi
masalis lingvisturi analizis safuZvelze, magram v.boederi mainc iZulebulia, aRiaros,
rom msoflioSi ar arsebobs enaTa da dialeqtTa statusis ganmsazRvreli myari
lingvisturi kriteriumebi. es aRiareba naTelyofs, rom sakiTxi upiratesad wydeba: a) arae-
nobrivi faqtorebis, kerZod, eTnosTa politikur-saxelmwifoebrivi, ideologiuri, kultu-
ruli, religiuri interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT (Zlier saxelmwifoTa SemTxvevaSi); b) dam-
pyrobeli saxelmwifos interesTa gaTvaliswinebiT (yofil an amJamindel koloniebSi); g) is-
toriuli tradiciis safuZvelze; d) mkvlevarTa subieqturi SexedulebiT.
4. statiaSi TvalSisacemia v.boederis scientisturi Tavmomwoneoba. avtori cdilobs
Seqmnas STabeWdileba, TiTqos mas mxolod wminda samecniero sakiTxebi ainteresebdes da Tavs
aridebdes sociolingvisturi problemebis politizebas, magram amas ver axerxebs. amisi
damadasturebelia statiaSi megrelTa, lazTa da svanTa araqarTvelebad ramdenimegzis
gamocxadeba da qarTveli eris realuri erTianobis fiqciad miCneva.
5. v.boederi yovelnairad cdilobs, dagvimalos is kargad cnobili faqti, rom mis
samSobloSi, germaniaSi, ena-kiloTa TiTqmis iseTive urTierTmimarTebaa, rogoric
qarTvelur sinamdvileSi; metic, germanuli enobrivi saxesxvaobani dialeqtebad miiCneva
mxolod germaneli eris erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv, ideologiur, kulturul interesTa gaT-
valiswinebis safuZvelze da am interesebs pativs scems msoflio. nacvlad imisa, rom v.boeders
mxari daeWira imperiuli ideologiis zegavleniT danergili im Tvalsazrisis ukugdebisaTvis,
romlis mixedviTac TiTqosda arsebobs 3-4 qarTveluri "ena", igi ormag standarts avlens da
moqmedebs qarTveli erisaTvis Seuracxmyofeli principiT: "rac SesaZlebelia evropaSi, is ar
SeiZleba kavkasiaSi".
v.boederis statiis is nawilebi, sadac ironiiTaa xazgasmuli qarTveli eris mTlianobis
"fiqcia" da megrel-laz-svanebi araqarTvelebad cxaddebian, aaSkaravebs germaneli profeso-
ris scientizmsa da akademizms amofarebul prorusul-imperiul pozicias. sruliad cxadia,
rom mas sinamdvileSi wminda politikuri mizani aqvs: mas evaleba, radac unda dajdes, gadaarCi-
nos wyalSemdgari "Teoria" sami-oTxi qarTveluri "enis" arsebobis Sesaxeb.
vimedovneb, saboloo daskvnas mkiTxveli Tavad gaakeTebs danarTis gacnobis Semdeg.

49
 literatura

bakuraZe, 1998 - l.bakuraZe, sulxan-saba orbelianis gramatikuli naazrevi "leqsikoni qarTu-

lis" mixedviT. sakandidato disertaciis avtoreferati, Tbilisi
boederi, 1998 - v.boederi, ena da vinaoba qarTvelTa. "qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxe-
bi", t. VII, Tbilisi
boederi, 2005 - v.boederi, ena da kilo qarTvelologiaSi, "enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1-2
bolqvaZe, 2005 - T.bolqvaZe, ideologizebuli Rirebulebebi. Tbilisi
gabunia, 2004 - k.gabunia, qarTveluri enebis sakuTriv lingvisturi da sociolingvisturi kri-
teriumebis gamijvnisaTvis. "enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1
gamsaxurdia, 1991 - z.gamsaxurdia, werilebi, esseebi, Tbilisi
gamyreliZe, kiknaZe ... 2003 - T. gamyreliZe, z.kiknaZe, i.Saduri, n.Sengelaia, Teoriuli enaTmec-
nierebis kursi. Tbilisi
gvancelaZe, 2002 - T.gvancelaZe, enaTa klasifikaciis ZiriTad kriteriumTa SefasebisaTvis. ma-
salebi qarTvelologiuri simpoziumisa "quTaisuri saubrebi - IX", quTaisi
gvancelaZe, 2003a - T.gvancelaZe, aris Tu ara gagebineba enis dialeqtisagan gamijvnis kriteriu-
mi? (pasuxad prof. a.onians). "enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #2
gvancelaZe, 2003b - T.gvancelaZe, enaTa genealogiuri klasifikaciis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi da
qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro. "qarTveluri memkidreoba", t.VII, quTaisi
gvancelaZe, 2003g - T.gvancelaZe, akaki wereTlisa da iakob gogebaSvilis Sexeduleba qarTvelu-
ri enobrivi samyaros Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb. "arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi - XIV", masalebi, Tbi-
lisi
gvancelaZe, 2004 - T.gvancelaZe, akademiuri polemika Tu ideis diskreditaciis mcdeloba?
"enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1
gvancelaZeebi, 2000 - g.gvancelaZe, T.gvancelaZe, qarTul dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba da dia-
leqturi teqstis aRqma-gagebis xarisxi. XX respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis
masalebi. Tbilisi
gvancelaZeebi, 2003 - g.gvancelaZe, T.gvancelaZe, qarTvelur dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba da
dialeqturi teqstis aRqma-gagebis xarisxi (eqsperimentuli gamokvleva). "qarTvelologiuri kre-
buli", t.II, Tbilisi
vaxuSti, 1973 - vaxuSti batoniSvili, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosi. qarTlis cxovreba, t.IV,
Tbilisi
naWyebia, 2004 - m.naWyebia, megrulisa da lazuris urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisaTvis. "qarTve-
lologiuri krebuli", t. IV, Tbilisi
oniani, 2003a - a.oniani, ena da dialeqti (qarTveluri dialeqtebi, Tu - qarTveluri enebi?!).
"enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1
oniani, 2003b - a.oniani, isev qarTveluri enebisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb. "enaTmecnierebis sa-
kiTxebi", #2.
saba, 1991 - sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. I, Tbilisi.
serio, 2001 - П.Серио, Структура и целостность. Об интеллектуальных истоках структурализма в
Центральной и Восточной Европе, 1920-30-е гг. Москва
tabiZe, 2000 - m.tabiZe, terminologiuri siZneleebi da enobrivi politika saqarTveloSi, XX
respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis masalebi, zugdidi, 2000
tabiZe, 2005 - m.tabiZe, enobrivi situacia saqarTveloSi da qarTuli enis funqcionirebis sa-
kiTxebi. Tbilisi
t.futkaraZe, 1997, - t.futkaraZe, eTnosis, eTnonimisa da sxva terminTa Sesaxeb; literaturu-
li saqarTvelo, 4-11 aprili, 1997
futkaraZe, 2000a - t.futkaraZe, saerToerovnuli saliteraturo enisa da saSinao sametyvelo
kodebis mimarTebis sakiTxi qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da qarTveluri dialeqtebis mixedviT;
XX respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis masalebi, zugdidi, 2000
futkaraZe, 2000b - t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos enobriv-eTnikuri situaciis istoriuli dinami-
kisaTvis; "qarTveluri memkvidreoba", IV, quTaisi, 2000
futkaraZe, 2001 - t.futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, zogadqarTuli samwignobro ena da qarTvelTa dia-
leqtebi; "quTaisuri saubrebi - VIII", quTaisi, 2001
futkaraZe, 2002 - t.futkaraZe, dialeqti, umwerlobo ena da saerToerovnuli samwerlobo ena.
masalebi qarTvelologiuri simpoziumisa "quTaisuri saubrebi - IX". quTaisi
futkaraZe, 2003a - t.futkaraZe, monaTesave enobriv erTeulTa kvalifikaciis sakiTxisaTvis Ta-
namedrove mecnierebaSi (ena da kilo). "qarTveluri memkvidreoba", t.VII, quTaisi
futkaraZe, 2003b - t.futkaraZe, monaTesave enobriv erTeulTa kvalifikaciis problema da qar-
TvelTa dialeqtebis dajgufebis sakiTxi. "enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1
futkaraZe, 2003g - t.futkaraZe, monaTesave enobriv erTeulTa kvalifikaciis sakiTxisaTvis Ta-
namedrove mecnierebaSi (ena da kilo). "qarTveluri memkvidreoba", t. VII, quTaisi

50
 futkaraZe, 2004 - t.futkaraZe, enisa da kilos gamijvnis samecniero problemis ganxilva Tu?
"enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi", #1
futkaraZe, 2005 - futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, naw. I, qristianobamdeli epoqa. istoriuli sacxov-
risi, dedaena, dialeqtebi, quTaisi.
quTelia, 2005 - n.quTelia, lazuris fonematuri struqtura. Tbilisi
Waraia, 1997 - p.Waraia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tbilisi
javaxiSvili, 1937 - i.javaxiSvili, qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba da naTesa-
oba, Tbilisi
jorbenaZe, 1989 - b.jorbenaZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, I, Tbilisi
jorbenaZe, 1995 - b.jorbenaZe, qarTvelur enaTa dialeqtebi, Tbilisi
hempi, 1964 - Э.Хемп, Словарь американской лингвистической терминологии. Москва.

51
 Teimuraz Gvantseladze

Language and dialect question in Kartvelology

Summery

In Kartvelology linguistics two contradicted views are known about the number of Kartvelian languages.
One group of scholars think that there is tree or four “languages” the other maintains that there is only one
Kartvelian language.
The first group does not present whatever valid arguments. It is in fact based on the declaration made by G.
Rosen in 1844.
Tsar’s regime and Soviet government made efforts to plant actively the view for purely political reasons. The
other view has centuries-old history however it had to resist relentless attacks from the Czar’s Russia and then
Soviet ideologies. Ultimately, since the 40s of the 20th c. the second view was banned to mention.
For five year already linguists hold discussion about the definition of the status of Kartvelian language entities.
The present work makes critical analysis of the views which are given in the articles of W. Boeder, A.Oniani,
K.Gabunia maintaining the thought about the would-be existence of 3-4 Kartvelian languages.
The analyses of the articles revealed the following:
1. When the opponents try to defend their view and strengthen it with new evidence they discuss the
history of the question in a biassed way and “quote” from the opposed views the ideas that have never
been expressed or even thought of by authors as of Prof. T. Putkaradze or by me. By prescribing ideas
that have never be said or by alleged frauding of our ideas they create desirable for them the ground
that is far from the reality by which they simply neglect the existence of scientific ethic.
2. In the articles of A.Oniani K.Gabunia and W.Boeder epistemology side of history is completely
neglected which unjustifiable while investigating a issues of historical sociolinguistics
3. The articles discussed and the analysis of the world practice about the definition of language status
showed that modern linguistics does not possess precise criteria for the identification and demarcation
the status of the language and dialect. As for the “criteria” offered by A.Oniani, K.Gabunia and
W.Boeder (mutual intelligibility, systemness, and discreteness-continuity) provide mutually exclusive
results and these results are monitored by purely subjective positions of the authors.
4. On the one hand our opponents verify on the other deny the facts that world languages are given their
statuses based on different standpoints; namely:
a) in consideration of political, state-related, ideological, cultural and religious factors of the
given ethic group;
b) In consideration of the interests of outer forces (in the former and present colonial countries);
c) On the basis of historical traditions;
d) On the basis of the subjective views of the researchers.
Having in mind all the above described circumstances of the issue the author of this book and his proponents
think that there has come the time to juggernaut imperial ideology heritage in Kartvelology linguistics and in
consideration of the political, statehood, ideological, cultural interests of the Georgian people restore many
centuries-old theory that states that the dialects of Svan and Zan groups (Balszemouri, Balskvemouri,
lentekhian, lashkhuri, Choluri, Megrelian, Laz) are dialects of the Common kartvelian language.

Теймураз Гванцеладзе
52
 Вопрос языка и диалекта в картвелистике

(Резюме)

Ныне в лингвистической картвелистике распространены 2 взаимоисключающих взгляда о

статусе и количестве картвельских языков: согласно одного существуют 3 или 4 картвельских "языка",
а вторая позиция подразумевает существование лишь одного картвельского языка. Из этих взглядов
первый был декларирован в 1844 году Г.Розеном без всяких серьезных аргументов, а впоследствии
активно внедрялся царизмом и советской властью в чисто политических целях. Второй взгляд имеет
многовековую историю, однако против него яростно боролись идеологические машины сначала
царской России, а затем Советского Союза, в результате чего эта теория была запрещена с 40-х годов
ХХ века.
Вот уже 5 года как в Грузии ведется дискуссия по вопросу установления статуса картвельских
языковых единиц. В предлежащей работе представлен критический анализ дискуссионных статей
А.Ониани, К.Габуниа и В.Бёдера, в которых авторы стараются подыскать аргументы для защиты
"теории" о суцествовании 3-4 картвельских "языков".
Анализ показал, что:
1. Названные авторы нарушают правила научной этики терденциозно рассматривая
историю вопроса, приписывая другим авторам то, чего они и не писали, и не подразумевали
(среди таких пострадавших авторов оказались проф. Т.Путкарадзе и я). В анализируемых
работах нередки случаи сознательной фальсификации наших взглядов, а также представления в
качестве реальности желаемого для наших оппонентов.
2. В работах А.Ониани, К.Габуниа и В.Бёдера игнорирована эпистемологическая сторона
истории вопроса.
3. Анализ работ названных авторов, а также мировой практики по определению статуса
языков показал, что современная лингвистика пока еще не располагает каким-либо точным
критерием для установления статуса языка и диалекта, а названные нашими оппонентами
"критериями" взаимопонимание, системность, дискретность-непрерывность содержат
противоречия: их применение дает взаимоисключающие результаты и эти результаты
зависимы от субьектной позиции исследователя.
4. Наши оппоненты подтверждая тут-же отрицают, что большинству языков мира статус
языка присуждаются: а) на основе учета политических, государственных, идеологических,
культурных и религиозных интересов соответствующих этносов (в сильных государствах); б) с
учетом таких же интересов внешних сил (в бывших или современных колониях); в) на основе
исторической традиции; г) по субьектным взглядам ученых.
На основе этих обстоятельств автор данной книги совместно со своими единомышленниками
считает, что настало время окончательно отвергнуть наследство имперской идеологии в
лингвистической картвелистике, пора учитывать политические, государственные, идеологические и
культурные интересы грузинской нации и возродить взгляд с многовековой традицией, согласно
которому диалекты сванской и занской групп (верхнебальский, нижнебальский, лентехский, лашхский,
чолурский, мегрельский и лазский) являются диалектами общекартвельского языка - грузинского.

53
 danarTi

saqarTvelosTan mimarTebiT saukuneze metia mkafiod gamokveTil enobriv

politikas axorcielebs ruseTis (mefis Tu sabWoTa) imperia, romelic cdilobs
damoukidebel umwerlobo enebad gamoacxados calkeuli qarTveluri kiloebi.
ramdenadac, umwerlobo ena im xalxis metyvelebaa, romelsac sakuTar enaze werilobiTi
kultura ara aqvs, imperiis moxeleebi cdilobden qarTvelTa nawilisaTvis dialeqtis
mixedviT SeeqmnaT "sakuTari" damwerloba da am gziT moewyvitaT isini didi istoriuli
warsulisa da TanamoZmeTagan. imperiis mcdeloba warumatebeli aRmoCnda, vinaidan mas
imTaviTve daupirispirda mowinave qarTuli azri.
danarTSi warmovadgenT XIX-XX da XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze Seqmnil dokumentebs,
sadac, vfiqrobT, naTladaa asaxuli mecnierebisa da politikis gadajaWvulobac da samec-
niero sferos terminTa politizebis imperiuli saTaveebic.
kidev erTi aqtualuri sakiTxi: Tanamedrove pirobebSi qarTveli erisTvis
ramdenad Seicavs safrTxes qarTveluri kiloebis "enebad" kvalifikacia?
qarTul samecniero literaturaSic amis Sesaxeb vrceli msjelobaa warmodgenili
m.tabiZis, t.futkaraZis, r.Serozias, m.naWyebiasa da sxvaTa naSromebSi; aq warmovadgenT
mxolod ramdenime dokuments, romlebic warmoaCenen, rom arsebobs ara mxolod
Teoriuli safrTxe, aramed saSiSroeba karzea momdgari, vinaidan axla ukve evrosabWos
dokumentebis mcdari interpretaciiT cdiloben daakanonon da swavlebac SemoiRon
calkeul qarTvelur dialeqtebze...
swori daskvnebi mxolod faqtebisa da samecniero TvalsazrisTa keTilsindisieri
SejerebiT keTdeba. vfiqrob, winamdebare danarTi sagulisxmo iqneba dainteresebuli
mkiTxvelisaTvis.

54
1. iverielTa erTobis traqtati, 1790 w. (fragmenti):

"vinaidan yovelTave iverielTa, msaxlobelTa samefosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa,

odiSisa da guriisaTa aqvsT erT morwmuneoba, arian Svilni erTisa kaTolike eklesiisagan So-
bilni da erTisa enisa mqonebelni, aqvsT mavasxelobiTica siyvaruli viTarca sisxliT naTesav-
Ta da moyvarobiT SekrulTa urTierTTa Soris.
amisaTvis Cven zemoxsenebulad qveyanaTa iveriisa da mefeni da mTavarni damamtkicebel-
ni saukunosa amis pirobisa saxeliT yovlad Zlierisa RvTisaTa aRvsTqvamT mtkicesa amas erTo-
basa, romelica TviTeulad SemdgomTa Sina hazrTa cxad iqmnebis..."

xels aweren qarTl-kaxeTis, samegrelos, imereTisa da guriis mefe-mTavrebi.

2. akaki wereTlis Sexeduleba qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros Sesaxeb

statia "ubralo saubari” (rCeuli nawerebi, xuTtomeuli, t. V, gv. 266-267; "akakis kre-
buli", 1898 wlis ivnisi, # 10):
"Tu vityviT, rom megrelebs SinaurobaSi (gansakuTrebiT, dabali wodebis xalxs)
megrul kiloze laparaki ufro exerxebaTo, amiTi ra daSavdeba? samwerlo da sadarbaislo
qarTuli imaT Cvenze nakleb ar ician?! marTalia, megruli kilo CamorCenili qarTulia,
magram miuxedavad amisa, samagierod igive megruli dRes salaroa namdvil qarTuli
sityvebis. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dahkargvia namdvili qarTuli sityvebi, maT nacvlad som-
xur-TaTrul-sparsuli SemouRia, romelic qarTvelis yurs cudad eCxireba da guls swyvets...
da megrul enaSi ki Senaxulan margalitebad es Zveli sityvebi... Cven vurCevT Cvens mweral-
mwignobrebs, meti yuradReba miaqcion megruls, rom iqidan amokrebili sityvebiT
Seivsos dRes maTi Selaxuli qarTuli leqsikoni.
es rom asea, es yvelam viciT, magram warmoidgineT, rom erTma ubralo axirebulobam iZu-
lebuli gvyo dRes, rom "megrelobaze" visaubroT. tyvila ki ar aris naTqvami: "Tavdapirvelad
muni erTma Tagvma gaaCinao". am ramodenime wlis wineT, erTma viRac windauxedavma kacma aixira,
rom Cven, megrelebi, qarTvelebi ara varT da Cveni enac sul sxva enac ariso. es ar moewonaT
megrelebs!.. itkices, vin ambobs, rom Cven qarTvelebi ara varTo! megrelebi rom varT, es marTa-
lia da nurc mogviSalos RmerTma Cveni megreloba, ise rogorc guruls guruloba, qarTlels
qarTleloba, kaxels kaxeloba, raWvels raWveloba da sxvanio!... magram imave dros nu Tu saer-
Tod qarTvelebi ara varTo? da rodis agviRia xeli im dedaenazed, romliTac RmerTs vadideb-
diT mraval saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi da samSoblos vemsaxurebodiTo... Tu ara mzakvareba da
ugunureba, goniereba da simarTle imas ver ityvis, rom megrelebi qarTvelebi ar iyos da
megruli ZiriTadi qarTuli!.."

aSkaraa, rom akakisTvis megruli iseTive qarTulia, rogorc guruli, kaxuri,

qarTluri, raWuli, aWaruli (ix., agreTve, xuTtomeuli, t.IV, 1990, gv. 264, 272)... aqve aRvniS-
navT, rom akakis SemoqmedebaSi "dedaena" da "samSoblo ena" sinonimuri cnebebia; es terminebi mas-
Tan faqtobrivad eris ganmsazRvrelicaa; mag.: "pirvelad imaT (axlebma) miaqcies yuradReba Tavi-
anT samSoblo enis codnis saWiroebas. imaT gaiges, rom maTTvis, rogorc yoveli kacisaTvis,
romelsac ki hsurs Tavis moZmeebs Soris sityviT da saqmiT moqmedeba, miucileblad saWiro
iyo samSoblo enis zedmiwevniT codna" (TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, t.XI, gv.168-169);
Sdr.: "Cveni winaprebis anderZi jer ar gagvifuWebia!
da ra iyo, batonebo, is anderZi?
... aq me nametans aras vityvi. es anderZi iyo: dedaena da eroba! amaebis sadideblad bevri
Sroma gauwevia da didi msxverpli Seuwiravs Cvens netarxsenebuls mama-papebs.
"pirveli, ese igi, ena, ise mdidrulad SeukazmavT da iseTi gemoc miuciaT, rom jer kidev
ver mogvixerxebia misi daviwyeba da ara Tu Cven, im Cven moZmeebsac, romelic ramodenime sauku-
nis ganmavlobaSi daSorebulebi gvyavdnen, imaTac ki SerCeniaT deda-ena tkbilad sasaubrod"
(TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, t.XI, gv.443-444).

55
3. iakob gogebaSvilis Sexeduleba qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros Sesaxeb

statia ”nacionaluri erTianoba qarTvelebisa” (1894 w.): ”qarTvelebSi vxedavT Tu ara...

erTianobasa? oRondac hyavT qarTvelebs, imerebs da amerebs, erTi mamamTavari qarTlosi, er-
Tis tomisani arian, erTs enaze ubnoben, erTi literatura dahbades...”

statia ”dabali Robe erTa Soris” (1894 w.), romelic exeba megrulisa da svanurisaTvis
damwerlobis Seqmnis mcdelobas: ”sad Tqmula da gagonila, rom dabalma moxeleebma ers moh-
glijon RviZli, mTeli mxare, gahyaron Sexorcebulni erTad RvTisa da bunebis nebiT, gaswyvi-
ton aTasis wlis Zmuri kavSiri, oriv mxris Sesasusteblad da Casaylapavad, da ubrZanon
mTels mxaresa, karga bloms nawils qveynisasa: aRar gaixseno Seni naTesauri damokidebuleba
da Zmuri urTi-erToba deda-qveyanasTana, ilaparake mxolod Sens Sinaurs kilozed, zurgi
Seaqcie Sens mTavars deda-enasa, da daiviwye igi, gadaagde iqiT mSobliuri anbani, Seni mona-
wileobiT mogonili, uarhyav samSoblo literatura, romlis salaroSi arc erTs Zmazed Sen
naklebi ar Segitania, gaauqme Seni saRmrTo metyveleba, romelTanac Sexorcebulia Seni sar-
wmunoeba, daiviwye Seni aTasis wlis istoriuli arseboba da gadaiqec velur xalxad, romel-
mac yvelaferi Tavidan unda daiwyoso”.

statia "boroti wadili samegrelos Sesaxeb" (1902 w.): ”cnobilia, rom yovels ers
aqvs mTavari ena, romelic saerTo saunjes Seadgens am eris yvela nawilisaTvis da iwodeba
miss deda-enad, da Temiuri kilo-kavebi (наречия), romelnic ixmarebian adgilobriv. (...)
yvela skolebSi swavleba mowyobilia deda-enazed da adgilobrivs kilo-kavebs xmaroben asax-
snelad da gansamarteblad im saerTo sityvebisa, romelnic adgilobriv bavSvebs ar esmiT. (...)
aseTi gonivruli wesi iyo Cvens saqarTveloSiac... yvela Cveneburs skolebSi, Savi zRvidgan
dawyebuli daRistnis sazRvramde, ixmareboda mxolod wignebi, saerTo literaturuls deda-
enazed dawerilni. gansamartavad adgilobriv gaugebar sityvebisa da frazebisa, maswavleb-
lebi xmarobdnen sityvierad adgilobrivs terminebsa da frazebsa, magaliTad, samegreloSi
da svaneTSi, da swavlasTan erTad avrcelebdnen deda-enis sruls codnasa. (...) arsad, arc so-
mexTa Soris, arc TaTarTa Soris da arc sxva kavkasielebSi ar aRmoCenila imisTana Wkua-mokle
da ukuRmarTi adamiani, romelsac eTqvas, skolebSi swavleba saTemo kilo-kavebze unda iyos
da ara deda-enazeo. CvenSi - ki gamoCndnen imisTana WkuiT glaxakni, romelTac gahbedes da
warmosTqves, rom samegrelosa da svaneTis skolebidgan deda-ena unda iqmnas gamoricxuli,
radgan aq xalxi adgilobriv kilo-kavebsa xmarobso”.

statia ”megruli dawyebiTi skolis sakiTxisaTvis” (1903 w.):

”...sakuTari guliswadilis gamo megrelebma, yvela qarTvel tomTan erTad, imTaviTve
aRiares qarTuli anbani Tavis sakuTar anbanad, da Tavis saliteraturo enad miiCnies qarTu-
li ena, provinciul kilos ki mxolod SinaurobaSi xmarobdnen”.
”...megrelTa tomi qarTul enas yovelTvis Tvlida Tavis ZiriTad enad (deda-enad), xolo
Tavis adgilobriv dialeqts ucqeroda rogorc mSobliur kilos”.
”frangi mogzauris Sardenis gadmocemiT, romelmac meTvramete saukunis damdegs inaxula sa-
megrelo, samegreloSi mcxovreb da mqadagebel kaTolike misionerebs, megruli kilos Seswav-
lis Semdeg, advilad esmodaT qarTuli enac".
”qarTuli ena, qarTuli damwerloba da literatura saukuneTa manZilze ise mWidrod See-
zarda megrelTa Segnebas, iseTi Rrma fesvebi gaidga masSi da iseT mtkice safuZvels eyrdnoba,
rom maTi gandevnis cda kidev ufro gaaZlierebs megrelTa siyvaruls am Zvirfasi saerTo qar-
Tuli saunjisadmi, rasac ase naTlad vxedavT ukanasknel xanebSi”.
"...is, rac megrelTa Stos Sesaxeb iTqva, savsebiT Seexeba qarTveli xalxis meore Sto-
sac - svanebs, romelTa araqarTvelebad gadaqcevas lamoben igive gulmodgine, magram xepre
politikanebi, winaaRmdeg am simpaTiuri mTieli qarTvelebis survilisa, romlebic Cveni wel-
TaRricxvis IV saukunidan dRemde mxolod qarTul enas da qarTul alfabets xmaroben eklesi-
aSic, skolaSic da Tavisi cxovrebis yvela sxva sferoSic”.
"megrelTaTvis imis Tqma, rom isini qarTvelebi ar arian, rom maT ara aqvT arc anbani,
arc damwerloba, arc literatura, rom yvelaferi es amieridan unda Seiqmnas, gana es imas ar
niSnavs, rom wavarTvaT maT mTeli maTi saxelovani warsuli, mTeli istoriuli monapovari,
gamovacxadoT isini gonebriv Ratakebad da gverdiT amovuyenoT iseT barbarosul tomebs,
romelTac araviTari istoria ar gaaCniaT"
"megruli kilosTvis gamogonebulia gansakuTrebuli alfabeti, romelic savsebiT
TviTneburad Secvlili rusuli asoebisgan Sedgeba..."

56
4. dutu megreli, megrelTa mimarT

"megrelno, yuri damigdeT,

mogiTxrobT Zvelsa ambebsa,

magram vai - Tu Sors styorcnoT

Tqven es sabralo rveuli,
sTqvaT, raT vikiTxavT qarTulso,
roca gvaqvs Cveni megruli?...

ara, ar ityviT Tqven amas,

ar gauxarebT mters gulsa,
ar daujerebT iudas,
mamulis gamcems wyeulsa!

moigonebT im dros, roca

TamarTan erTad mxneobdiT,
usmendiT didsa Wyondidels,
rusTvelis qnariT stkbebodiT!

nu Tu igive ara xarT,

daeciT suliT, zneobiT?
ara, mwams, mtrisa ganzraxvaT
CahfuSavT Tqvenis mxneobiT!...

daibeWda 1893 wels "saqarTvelos kalendarSi"

5. vaJa-fSavela, vin aris kaci?

kaci is aris, cxovreba
vinc gaatara WamaSi
da kacis daniSnuleba
mxoloda hpova amaSi.

kaci is aris, vinaca

quCaSi salams ar gaZlevs,
Tu dahpatiJe sadilad,
did jiutobas ar gaswevs.

kaci is aris, vinaca

saqmiT sxvis, sityviT Cvenia,
da Tavis oinbazobas
hmalavs, ar dauCenia.

kaci is aris, vinaca

Sehstrfis, Sehxaris Rvinosa
da hsaxavs idealada
salxino samikitnosa.

kaci is aris, vinaca

ara kiTxulobs gazeTsa,
wignisTvis Saursa zogavs,
mearRnes aZlevs maneTsa.

gadaamterebs erTmaneTs
qarTlsa, imereTs,kaxeTsa,
sakuTars anbans Seudgens
samegrelos da svaneTsa.
kaci is aris, sicocxle
vinac atara tkbilada, -
sikvdilis Semdeg iwoda
didyurianis Svilada.
57
 1902 weli

58
6. n.mari qarTvelTa erTi samwerlo enis Sesaxeb
(qarTvelTa erovneba - werili professoris n. marrisa im sityvis gamo romelic dekanozs i. vostorgovs
warmouTqvams saqarTvelos erzed uwmindesis sinodis wevrTa da sxva warCinebul pirTa krebis winaSe; quTaisi,
1905).

"vostorgovi Seucdenia visime Sinaurs kavkasiel lingvists, romelsac qarTuli enis

dialeqturi gansxvaveba, sxva da sxva adgilobriv gamoTqmiTa da kiloTi saubari da ena,
romelzedac wera-kiTxva ar arsebobs, Tumca eseni, rasakvirvelia, ganuyrelad erT
monaTesave enas warmoadgenen, miuRia imisTana niSnebad, romliTac TiTqo irRveodes er-
Toba kulturulis saqarTveloisa... " vostorgovs ara aqvs namdvili warmodgena imisa,
rom saukuneebis manZilze erTiani qarTuli nacionaluri kultura Seiqmna yvela qarTve-
li tomis mier; amitomaa, rom "saRvTo werilis teqstSi Cven vpoulobT wminda Wanurs, anu
megruls da sxva sityvebs. am realuris kulturul-istoriulis SexedulebiT qarTuli
saliteraturo ena imdenaTve svanuria da megruli, imdenaTve gurulia da imeruli,
ramdenaTac qarTuli is aris RviZli samwerlo ena yvela saqarTvelos tomebisaTvis"
(gv. 7-10)...

"mama vostorgovisgan, saqarTvelos elementaruli geografiis TiTqmis sruli uco-

dinarisgan, rasakvirvelia, ar SeiZleba moviTxovoT, rom man sisworiT daafasos sruliad
misTvis ucnobi nacionaluri kultura qarTveli erisa; magram viciT, rom qarTvelTa to-
mebis nacionaluri erToba, am kulturisgan Seqmnili, Zlier brwyinvaled gamoixateba na-
cionalurs qarTul eklesiaSi da misgan (nacionaluri kultrurisgan - red.) warmoSo-
bils da yvelasaTvis saRvTod miCneuls qarTul enaSi. yovelive, rac ki saqarTvelos ekle-
sias ekuTvnis, TiTqmis usulo WurWelni da samoselni, ueno kedelni aTaswlovan taZarTa,
Sewyobilad gulTaTana yovelTa jer kidev SeuryevelTa ZeTa mravaltomovanis saqarTve-
loisa, erTxmad RaRadeben pavle mociqulis sityvebiT (korint. I, 12, 12-13): "viTarca igi
gvami ars da mravali asoebi aqvs da yoveli igi asoebi erTisa mis gvamisa mravalRa Tu ars, erT
gvamve ars, egreca qriste", egreca qristianebrivi eklesia; egreca, dasZineben es uzado da
uTvalRebo mowameni, Cveni "saqarTvelos eklesiac, rameTu Cven yovelTa erTiTa suliTa
da erTiTa eniTa, Cven yovelTaTvis Tanasworad saRvTo eniTa, erTisa mimarT gvamisa
naTel viReT, gina Tu megrelTa, gina Tu gurulTa, gina Tu imerTa, gina Tu svanTa,
ginaTu qarTlelTa, ese igi, mTelma saqarTvelom... (gv. 11).
"kulminaciuri punkti vostorgovis mecnierebisa gamoixateba qarTulis salitera-
turo enis sakiTxSi (i.vostorgovi sxvadasxva enad warmoadgenda saeklesio da
saliteraturo qarTuls; garda amisa, igi amtkicebda, rom megrelebisa da svanebisTvis
qarTuli iseTive ucxoa, rogorc rusuli, rom megrelebi da svanebi umwignobro xalxebia -
red.). rogorc viciT, aris mxolod erTi saliteraturo ena, romelsac "qarTuli ena"
hqvia, magram es ena sazogadoa yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis" (gv.22)... "qarTvelebs ara aqvs
calke saeklesio saliteraturo ena, rogorc, magaliTad rusebs slavianuri ena. qarTve-
lebs aqvsT mxolod ori saweri anbani, xucuri da mxedruli (anu saeklesio da samoqala-
qo), magram ena ki erTia, rogorc, magaliTad asurelebs Zvelad sami sxvadasxva saweri anba-
ni hqondaT: strangelo, nestorianuli da iakobituri, magram asuruli saliteraturo
ena ki erTi iyo... maSin rodesac vostorgovi didis rixiT ambobs, rom "SkolebSi SemoRe-
buliao saeklesio qarTuli enis swavleba saliteraturos magier, romelic zneobrivis
gawrTvnisaTvis sustia da sruliadac ar Seeferebao saeklesio mizans" (gv. 23-24)...
"mniSvneloba saxarebis mcnebaTa sasuliero SkolebisaTvis vostorgovs, rogorc
sCans, scodnia: "sasuliero Skolebi unda emsaxurebodeno eklesiasa RvTisas mis wminda
saqmeSi", swers vostorgovi: "eklesia eridebao mizansa "garusebisas", rogorc sazogadoT
eridebao yovels sapolitiko ganzraxvas. eklesiuri saqme saxelmwifosaTvis usazRvrod
Zvirfasiao yovelsave garusebisaTvis ganzraxulebasa da moqmedebazed da sxv." magram amas-
Tanave, vostorgovs swams, rom rusulis enis swavleba da SemoReba yvela sagnebis swavle-
bisa rusulis enis saSualebiT, ariso umTavresi da arsebiTi mizani sasuliero Skolisa
(gaxazulia TviT vostorgovisagan) (gv.30-31).
"dekanoz vostorgovsaviT saxalxo ganaTlebisaTvis Tavgamodebulebma didi xania
gasces Tavisi saqme, TviTonve faqtikurad gamoaaSkaraves sazogadoebis winaaRmdegi Tavisi
saidumlo gulis-wadili, rom [megruli da svanuri saliteraturo enebis SeqmniT]
saqarTvelos nacionalur saqmisaTvis CamoeSorebiaT nawil-nawilad qarTvelTa
tomebi da daeyenebiaT isini sulierad kulturulis gadagvarebis namdvils gzazed.
xom ueWvelia, rom namdvili sulieri da kulturuli ganviTareba megrelebisa da
59
svanebis SeiZleba uzrunvel-yofil iqmnes mxolod ganuwyvetelis kavSiriT mraval-sauku-
noebiT Seqmnils sazogadoT qarTuls nacionalurs kulturasTan da mwignobrobasTan,
romelic nayofia sulieris moRvaweobis, raSiac maT diaRac SesamCnevi wili udevsT, amaSi
gamoixateba maTi nacionaluri idealebi da es aris maTi RviZli deda, sayvareli aRmzrde-
li maTis sulieris arsebisa. amgvari WeSmariti ganviTareba megrelebisa da svanebis, ueWve-
lad, nacionaluri saqmea, zogad qarTulia da pirdapiri sagania sazogado sazrunveli
yovelTa saqarTvelos tomTaTvis, romelic moiTxovs maTgan SeerTebuls da SeTanxmebuls
moRvaweobas. da rom es aucilebeli SeerTebuli Sroma aeridebiaT megrelebisaTvis,
amisTvis Cvenma ganmanaTleblebma aiRes da megrelebs rusulis alfabetisagan saweri anba-
ni gamoukopites! "(gv.35-36)...

"...saWiroa, exla mainc gaigon rusebma, namdvilad Tvali gamoaxilon da darwmunden,

rom kavkasia is qveyana aris, sadac rusebi TviT ruseTis kanonebis darRvevas swavloben,
viTomc saxelmwifo interesis gulisaTvis...". (gv. 60).

7. konstantine gamsaxurdia, werili amxanag giorgis

tfilisi, 1930, 12.1.

Zvirfaso amxanago giorgi,
es werili ganzomili ar aris mogweroT rogorc mTavrobis wevrs, aramed minda ro-
gorc qarTvelma mweralma Cveni kulturis megobars Cemi uaRresi gulistkivili gagizia-
roT.
me mudam mjeroda da axlac mjera, rom iseTi sityva, romlis saTave mxolod da mxolod
siyvarulia da keTilis ndoma, ar unda iqnas gagebuli, rogorc muxanaTi mtris moSainiseburi
wamonayvedri.
Cemda saubedurod, Cemi saxelis garSemo iseTi atmosfero Seiqmna, rom aseTi gulistkivi-
liT naTqvami sityva yovelTvis mtrobad miuCneviaT xolme.
raRa bevri gavagrZeloT, es aris kidev erTi saqme, romelic viRacis borotma xelma "sa-
kiTxad" gadaaqcia, TiTqos sakiTxebi cota gvqondes savalalo da Tavis samtvrevi. winaswar un-
da ganvacxado, Tumca komunisti ara var, magram arc sabWoTa saqarTvelo da arc samegrelo
Jvaniebsa da kuciebze naklebad ar miyvars.
yovelive hiperbolis gareSe winamdebare wignis `WiTa Cxorias" gamosvla vostorgovis
leSma rom gaigos, samareSi [sixaruliT] uTuod gadatrialdeba samgzis.
aseTi antiqarTuli, qarTuli enisaTvis damRupveli ambavi didi, didi xania saqarTveloSi
ar momxdara. zogierTi boCola qarTveli inteligenti, romelic yvelaferze `niCeos" iZaxis,
gulwrfelad fiqrobs, rom es mxolod usaqmuri kalmis varjiSobaa da sxva araferi.
vin ar icis, rom erovneba nebayoflobis ambavia, ise egeb Cven yvelani zogi arabebi viyoT,
zogic eskimosi.
magaliTisaTvis: dRevandeli holandia me-13-14 saukuneebamdis qvemo germaniis ganuyofe-
li nawili iyo da feodalebis wakinklavebis wyalobiT igi germanias gamoeTiSa.
gaugonari ambavia, rom sabWoTa saqarTveloSi dadianebisa da sxva uWkuo qarTveli feoda-
lebis separatiul bodvas zogierTi WkuanaRrZobi `mafaluistebi" ahyolian.
romanovebis ruseTis bneli xelic iqiTken gaemarTa, rom qarTuli enisa da erovnebis
fargali SeemcirebinaT da amgvarad samaradJamo sidamble moegvaraT qarTuli kulturisaT-
vis. misTvis uCiCinebdnen afxazebs, xolo svanebi rusebis daTaxsirebulma (...) episkoposebma en-
gurSi Cahyares da me-7-8 saukuneSi monaTluli xalxi TavianTi WkuiT xelmeored monaTles.
amisaTvis muSavdeboda "kavkasiis kalendris" statistika.
da yovelive amis rezon d¶etri is iyo, rom qarTveli xalxi saqarTveloSi umciresobad ga-
moecxadebinaT.
mafaluistebis dabnelebuli gonebac imave arguments iSveliebs, romelsac puriSkeviCebi
da vostorgovebi xmarobdnen: esao da megrel glexebs qarTuli ar esmiT, qarTuli wera-kiTxva
jvarSi ar iciano.

60
 aki Cven yvelas gvinda xuTwliani gegmis Sesrulebamdis saqarTveloSi arc erTi wera-kiT-
xvis ucodinari ar darCes? vTqvaT jvarelma da galelma megrelma gazeTi `komunisti" ver wai-
kiTxa, magram `WiTa Cxoriac" xom imave anbaniTaa dabeWdili rogoriTac gazeTi `komunisti"?
sad aris uebro peetrebis logika?
didad savalaloa, rom zogierTi pasuxismgebeli amxanagebi ver waikiTxaven, Tu ra didi ie-
zuituri dialeqtika gamouCeniaT am patara kacebs `mafalus" Stabisas.
I. am wignSi leninis, stalinis, m. kaxianis, f. maxaraZis, m. cxakaias suraTebs gadaRma miCqma-
lulia aSkara siZulvili qarTuli enisa da qarTuli literaturisadmi, romelsac arc erTi
ar moiwonebda.
II. imisaTvis, rom megruli enis "spontanuroba"-TavisTavadoba daamtkicon, usircxvilod
amaxinjeben megrul sityvebs, - igive qarTul sityvebs.
III. oRond qarTul etimologias gaemijnon da saamisod mzad arian SemoiRon iseTi uxeSi
barbarizmebi, rogoricaa "zagranica", "zavodi" da sxva.
IV. sabWoTa saqarTvelos konstituciidan viciT, rom abxazeTi da samxreT oseTi saqarTve-
los ssr-s avtonomiuri olqebia. `WiTa Cxorias" Cveni konstituciis revizia mouxdeniaT da
59-e gverdze ase utifrad sweren (...)"dasavleT saqarTvelos (Tu imereTs an gurias??) akravs
aWaris da saabxazos avtonomiuri respublikebi". iqve: `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos akravs(...) sam-
xreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi"-o.
V. mTels wignSi - 104 gverdis manZilze, garda zemoT moyvanili citatisa, arsad saqarTve-
losi da qarTveli xalxis, arc rusTavelis, arc akakis, arc vaJasi, arc ninoSvilis, arc qarTu-
li anbanis xseneba ar aris. sistema masalis dalagebisa ki iakob gogebaSvilisaTvis mouparavT
am cxenipariebs.

mcire komentari:
amxanagi giorgi - giorgi yurulaSvili, imxanad - saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis wevri.
"WiTa Cxoria" - "wiTeli sxivi".
vostorgovi - dekanozi ioane vostorgovi iyo cxraasian wlebSi saqarTvelos saeklesio cxov-
rebis meTvalyure. man Seadgina saswavlo gegma samegrelos skolebisaTvis, romlis mixedviTac am
skolebidan idevnebida qarTuli ena (ix. i. megreliZe, niko maris cxovreba da moRvaweoba, `macne", #
6, gv. 293-294).
puriSkeviCi - vladimer puriSkeviCi (1870-1920), monarqisti, SavrazmelTa organizaciis meTau-
ri.

"qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi", #3, 1982

8. Tedo saxokia, Tqven raRas misdevT?!

samegrelos "avtonomiis" kiTxva aRZrulia erT jguf "megrel avtonomistTa" mier. es kiT-
xva, rogorc eseni brZaneben, aRZrulia maTis siyvarulisa da mzrunvelobiT megrelTa prole-
tariatis mimarT, romelnic, rogorc calke "erovneba", Turme nu brZanebT, iCagrebian saqar-
Tvelos udReuri suverenitetisagan ...
mkiTxvels ukve gacnobili eqneba presaSi dabeWdili werilebi am avtonomistTa ususu-
robis, Tu gnebavT, moRalaturi saqcielisa da borot zraxvaTa Sesaxeb. saerTo aRSfoTebis
Jams ar SemiZlia Cemi, rogorc qarTvelisa, kerZod, samegrelos mkvidris, xmac ar SevuerTo da
ar gamovTqva Cemi guliswyroma samegrelos am aramkiTxe patronebis mimarT.
rogorc qarTveli eris ganuyrel, organiul nawils, samegrelos, romelsac Tavisi dRe-
ni, rac Tavi axsovs, dedaqarTvelTan ucxovria saerTo cxovrebiTa, maTTan erTad erT uRelSi
Sebmuls uwevia cxovrebis Wapani, maTTan erTad Seuqmnia saerTo kultura, axla, amden sauku-
neTa Semdeg, viRac garewari gamodis da urCevs - Sens RviZls dedas gulidan unda moswydeo?!.
rogor, "saqarTvelos suvereniteti" Cagravs samegrelosa, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelo
Tvalis CinsaviT uloliavebs? nuTu meoce saukuneSi vinmem unda Tqvas: megruli sxva aris da
qarTuli kidev sxvao?! sxva aris is megruli, romelSiac TiTqmis asi procenti qarTuli
Ziris sityvebia? is megruli, romelic warmoadgens awindelis qarTulis Sevsebas?! megruls
ojaxSi, SinaurobaSi, xmarobs xalxi, magram megruli, rogorc damaxasiaTebeli erovnebisa, ar
arsebula, yovelsave SemTxvevaSi qristes aqeT. saukeTeso mcodneni qarTulis enisa
samegrelos moucia qarTuli kulturisaTvis. marto saxelovani mqadagebeli anton Wyondi-
deli da saqarTvelos istorikosi da qarTuli gramatikis Semdgeneli T.Jordania kmara, rom
sxvaTa mTeli gundi ar vaxsenoT.
yovelive "megrel avtonomistTac" mSvenivrad ician. ician da mainc viTomda "samegrelos
proletariatis" qomagTa rolsa kisruloben da gaiZaxian da viTom viRaceebi unda daarwmunon
- samegrelos xalxi calke erovnebas Seadgens.

61
 gveTakileba kidec am saanbano WeSmaritebaze megrelebsve vekamaToT, da gvinda vekamaToT,
mxolod gvinda samzeoze gamovitanoT namdvili mizezi amisa - es udavo WeSmariteba sadavod
rad gaxda, uxrikavi saxrikavad ram aqcia.
yvelas mogexsenebaT, rom megruli enis sakiTxi rusebis Semosvlamde ar arsebobda. es sa-
kiTxi gaCnda mas aqeT, rac rusebma saqarTveloSi fexi moikides. roca saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
samTavroebi gauqmda da Cveni samSoblos sxvadasxva nawilebi gaerTianda, rusis mTavrobam ig-
rZno am gaerTianebis saSiSroeba da gadawyda xelovnurad Seeqmna daqucmaceba Cvenis qveynisa.
1870-ian wlebSi ieriSi mitanil iqna samegrelos skolebze.aq saministro skolebidan qarTu-
li ena gamodevnil iyo, rogorc aradedaena da pirdapir rusulis saSualebiT aswavlidnen
sagnebs. ase iyo saqme "samoqalaqo" da "normalur" skolebSi. am skolebSi myofi Segirdebi
qarTulis,anu, rogorc isini ambobdnen da dResac amboben, "Cqinoburas" e.i. (Cveneburas) wera-
kiTxvas kontrabandiT, Sinaurulad, malviT TuRa swavlobdnen.
ase midioda samegrelos garusebis saqme 1890 wlamde. am xnidan iwyeba ufro "dasabuTe-
biT"uaryofa qarTuli enisa, rogorc samSoblo enisa, romlis saSvalebiT unda momxdariyo.
Tanaxmad racionaluri pedagogiis moTxovnilebebisa, swavla-aRzrda samegrelos mozardi Ta-
obisa. am xnidan scenaze gamodis kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunveli ianovski (tomiT polo-
neli) da misi marjvena xeli levicki (isic poloneli). levickim jer SemoiRo egreT wodebuli
"munjuri" meTodi skolebSi, romlis mizani iyo rusuli enis Seswavla jer uSualod, dedaenis
dauxmareblad da mere sruliad gandevna qarTuli enisa saqarTvelos skolebidan. levickis
"munjur" meTods xmalamoRebuli dauxvda Cveni netarxsenebuli pedagogi iakob gogebaSvili
da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gasavali ara hqonda.
sul sxvanairad midioda saqme imereTSi sadac levicki skolebis sagubernio inspeqtorad
iyo. gansakuTrebiT ieriSi miitanes samegrelos skolebze. aq xelze daixvies megrulis arsebo-
ba, romelic, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos sxva, gansakuTrebuli ena ariso. ra Tqma unda, levickebi-
saTvis xelsayreli ar iyo aRiareba imisa, rom es sxvaoba mxolod garegnuli iyo da rom arsebi-
Tad qarTul enas, rogorc literaturuls da samSoblo enas, unda daeWira adgili samegre-
los skolebSi.
levickim xonis seminariis maswavlebel petrovs megrelTaTvis calke anbanic Seadgenina,
ra Tqma unda, rusuli asoebiT da imave seminariis muSakis da SemdegSi "cnobili" Tada
aSordias saSvalebiT megruli xalxuri zRaprebi Tu leqsebic Caawerina; es saxelmZRvanelo
unda gamxdariyo samegrelos skolebSi. T. aSordias kargi adgili misces, materialurad uz-
runvelyves, Tan daavales, zugdidis mazraSi qarTuli ena, Tuki sadme arsebobda aseTi, skole-
bidan gamoedevna da xeli Seewyo rusuli enis ganmtkicebisaTvis.
aSordias Tavis mxriv agentebic gauCndnen da gaaCaRa saqme; samegrelos skola gadaiqca
bavSvebis daClungebisa da gadagvarebis erTgvar qarxnad. erTi Tofis dacliT mTavrobam ori
kurdRlis mokvla moaxerxa: samegrelos saministro skolebidan qarTuli gamodevna da
garusebis gzaze Seayena samegrelos mkvidrni.
samSoblo enas, qarTul enas Tu kidev suli edga samegreloSi, isev samrevlo skolebSi.
mizezi amisa is iyo, rom RvTismsaxurebis ena eklesiebSi qarTuli iyo da, raki skolebi mrev-
lSi, eklesiebTan iyo gaxsnili, enac qarTuli unda yofiliyo saxmarad aseT skolebSi. gai-
marTa jer yru brZola saministros uwyebasa da adgilobriv sasuliero uwyebas Soris am
niadagze, magram gamarjvebuli jerjerobiT sasuliero uwyeba rCeboda, mxolod didxans ara.
levickim gadawyvita sxva mxriv moearna saqmisaTvis. amave aSordias axali misia, giorgi
mTawmindeloba daakisra. aSordias unda "eTargmna" saRmrTo werili qarTulidan megru-
lad. es, levickis azriT, gandevnida samegrelos samrevlo skolebidan qarTul enas, magram
mTeli samegrelo, rogorc erTi kaci, fexze dadga aseTi uxamsobisa da aramkiTxe Wirisuf-
lebis winaaRmdeg da es koleqtiuri guliswyroma da aRSfoTeba samegrelos mkvidrTa gamoixa-
ta maSindeli guria-samegrelos episkoposi grigolis dasabuTebul moxsenebaSi, romelSiac
samegrelos warmomadgeneli eriskacni, sxvaTa Soris, niko (didi) dadiani misTvis Cveuli os-
tatobiT amtkicebda mTels ugvanobas da usafuZvlobas aseTi ganzraxvisas. grigolis moxse-
nebas safuZvlad daedo moxseneba episkopos besarionisa, romelsac, rogorc samegrelos
mkvidrs, mosTxoves Tavisi azri warmoedgina megrulad saRmrTo werilis Targmnis Sesaxeb.
episkopos besarionis mier Sedgenil komisiaSi, sxvaTa Soris, muSaobda Cveni istorikosi T.
Jordania, romelmac savsebiT daasabuTa mTeli uazroba da zedmetoba aseTi cdisa.
episkopos grigolis moxsenebam erTxans SeaCera megrulad saRmrTo werilis mTargmnel-
ni da, maSasadame, samegrelos skolebSi qarTuli enac darCa.
magram, aha, saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saeparqio skolaTa meTvalyured dainiSna dekano-
zi iv. vostorgovi. amJamad saqarTvelos sasuliero uwyebis swavla-ganaTlebis saqmes saTaveSi
Caudga anaforas qveS amofarebuli jalaTi da sulTamxuTavi Cveni sulisa, es ebraelTa irodi
Cveni yrmebisa, es karieristi da saukeTeso ganmaxorcielebeli rusTa saxelmwifos mtarvalu-
ri mTavrobis gamarusebeli da gamanadgurebeli politikisa. mabezRaroba, jaSuSoba, gamcem-
loba, muxanaToba gaCnda maswavlebelTa Soris...
62
 gansakuTrebiT samegrelosaTvis Seiqmna mZime dekanoz vostorgovis farfaSi. igi Tamamad
iZaxda - megrelebi sxvani arian, qarTvelebTan saerTo araferi aqvT da amitom qarTuli ena
maTs skolebSi ar unda iswavlebodes, mis magivrad rusuli, saxelmwifo ena, aswavleTo. bo-
los imdenad gakadnierda es anaforosani politikani, rom presaSiac gabeda amis mtkiceba.
albaT mkiTxvels axsovs profesor n.maris pasuxica; akademikosma n.marma miwasTan gaaswora me-
tiCara, politikanobiT dabrmavebuli dekanozi, romelmac iseT sferoSi Setopa, sadac aravi-
Tari kompetencia ar hqonda da gamoaCina martooden ususuroba.
magram axla meore mxridan moitanes ieriSi qarTul enaze. soxumis eparqiaSi mTavroba
rus episkoposebs gvigzavnida. am episkoposebma da gansakuTrebiT arsenim brZaneba gasces, sa-
murzayanoSi da mTlianad afxazeTSic wirva-locva rusulad unda yofiliyo. soxumSi Jandar-
meriis daxmarebiT sdevnida sasuliero mTavroba yvelas, vinc mrevlis gulisnadebis gamom-
JRavnebas gabedavda da moiTxovda wirva-locvis Sesrulebas samSoblo enaze eklesiebSi. vin
mosTvlis, ramdeni ojaxi aatires am niadagze.
1905 w. revoluciam cotaTi Seanela Cveni rusifikatorebis gulmodgineba. revoluciis
Semdeg, reaqciis dawyebisTanave, bneleTis Zalni isev amuSavdnen. 1918 w. foTSi maswavlebel
stefane gaguas iniciativiT ukve TviT megrelebi gamovidnen levicki-vostorgovis mier dawye-
buli saqmis ganmgrZobni, rogorc moxaliseni. magram yvelas balRTa laRobad migvaCnda maTi
nacodvili da seriozulobaSi ar CamogvirTmevia, sanam 1925 wels, roca yvelaze nakleb move-
lodiT aseTi avantiuris gaRviZebas, zugdidSi daiwyo avtonomiis niadagis mzadeba. mafalu-
elTa jgufma moskovSi Txovna gagzavna: "gvixseniT saqarTvelos suverenitetisagan, samegrelos
"proletariatis sacodaobas nuRa uyurebT da uSualod SeuerTeT ruseTis proletariat-
so".
mkiTxvels nebas vTxov, megruli andaziT movaTavo Cemi mokle saubari: "mwevari kur-
dRels misdevs, magram kurdReli raRas misdevs? (wiari kurdRel meTxozunia, mara kurdReli
mus meTxozunia?).
levicki-vostorgovebi yvelam icis, rasac misdevdnen, magram Tqven, samegrelos "avtono-
mistebo", Tqven raRas misdevT?!..

9. ras werda gazeTi "saqarTvelos respublika" 1992 wlis 12 seqtembers

Tedo saxokias warmodgenil werils saintereso bedi ergo Cvens uaxloes istoriaSi; rac
unda paradoqsulad mogeCvenos, pativcemulo mkiTxvelo, es werili gamoyenebul iqna saqar-
Tvelos didi patriotis, saqarTvelosTvis Sewiruli gmiris prezident zviad gamsaxurdias
winaaRmdeg: im dros, roca prezident zviad gamsaxurdias sasikvdilod devnida ruseTis impe-
ria, maSin roca ruseTisgan damxobili zviad gamsaxurdias kanonieri xelisufleba samegrelo-
Si uwevda winaaRmdegobas axal orjonikiZeebs, maSin roca samegrelo yvela kuTxeze
aqtiurad icavda saqarTvelos Rirsebasa da damoukideblobas, saxelmwifo damnaSave e.Se-
vardnaZis mxedrionisgan kontrolirebulma gazeTma "saqarTvelos respublikam" gadawyvita,
mkiTxveli daerwmunebina, rom zviad gamsaxurdia saqarTvelos erTguli ki ar aris, aramed isak
Jvanias sulieri memkvidrea... gazeTs es werili "droulad" miawoda T.saxokias SviliSvilma
prof. Suqia afridoniZem.
aqve gTavazobT, gazeTis winasityvaobas, romelic warumZRvares T.saxokias werils (aw-
myos gayalbebis gaugonari faqti!).
gazeTi "saqarTvelos respublika"; 12 seqtemberi, SabaTi, 1992 weli.
60 wlis Semdeg: warsuli awmyos samsaxurSi

saukuneTa SesayarTan saqarTveloSi kvlav datrialda Zveli istoria, - istoria, rome-

lic mezobel CrdiloeTis imperiasTan 200-wlianma urTierTobam gamoWeda. saqarTvelos sa-
xelmwifos SigniT separatistul tendenciebs rom arsebiTad gareSe imperiuli miswrafebebi
da erTi muWa adgilobrivi avantiuristebis angareba asazrdoebs, es dResac TvalnaTliv ga-
moCnda.
istoria mxolod mecnierebisTvis rodi iwereba. momavalma warsulis gakveTilebiT unda
ixelmZRvanelos, raTa misi Secdomebi aRar gaimeoros. am martivi WeSmaritebis kidev erTxel
naTelsayofad mkiTxvels vTavazobT saqarTvelos axlo warsulis amsaxvel masalas, romelic
Seexeba am saukunis 20-ian wlebSi e.w. "avtonomistebis" ZirgamomTxrel saqmianobas da maT wi-
naaRmdeg progresul qarTvel moRvaweTa brZolas saxelmwifoebriobisa da qveynis teritori-
uli mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad
winamdebare werili ekuTvnis Tedo saxokias, romelmac Tavis droze es statia "mcodnes"
fsevdonimiT xobis raionul gazeTSi dabeWda (1933, # 6-7). 60 wlis winandel am publikacias
safuZvlad uZevs T.saxokias moxseneba (ix. "komunisti", 1925, # 219), romelic avtorma waikiT-
xa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo TeatrSi misive TavmjdomareobiT gamarTul "tfilisSi
mcxovreb samegrelos mkvidrTa krebaze" 1925 wlis 24 seqtembers. momxsenebels mxari dauWi-
63
res qarTuli kulturis cnobilma moRvaweebma - konstantine gamsaxurdiam, akaki faRavam da
sxvebma. berZnuli miTologiis cnobili mTargmnelis, aleqsandre miqaberiZis TqmiT, Tedo sa-
xokias "srulis rwmeniT da gabedulebiT warmoTqmuli sityvis Semdeg krebis monawileebma er-
Txmad uaryves avtonomistebis mier wamoyenebuli sakiTxi. da amrigad krebam samegrelo ixsna
samudamod mosalodneli daRupvisagan".

10. mixeil suslovi: "saqarTvelos teritoriidan qarTvelebis gaZeveba

afxazeTidan unda daviwyoT"”

mixeil suslovis (1902-1982) daxuruli moxsenebis winamdebare fragenti gadmovbeWdeT parizis

erovnuli sabWos Jurnalidan ("mebrZoli saqarTvelo"; 26 maisi, 2003 weli). am fragmentiT gacxadebuli
rusuli didmpyrobeluri politikis Sedegi iyo 1991-93 wlebis imperiul-kriminaluri putCi
saqarTveloSi da 1992-1993 wlebSi qarTvelTa deportacia da genocidi afxazeTidan da Sida qarTlidan.
ruseT-saqarTvelos gamoucxadebeli sisxliani omi dRemde grZeldeba.

"komunisturi partia ruseTis weboa da sanam es webo Tavis Zalas, Tavis Tvisebas ar dakar-
gavs, manamde unda avamuSaoT ruseTis gadarCenis gegma, romelic sxvadasxva respublikebSi sxva-
dasxva iqneba.
Soreul aRmosavleTSi mcxovreb generlebs unda mivceT cxovrebis normaluri saSuale-
ba. maT Camosasaxleblad gvWirdeba Savi zRvis sasazRvro teritoria, sadac, rogorc mogexsene-
baT, qarTvelebi cxovroben. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom qarTvelebi Cvengan Zlier gansxvavde-
bian, adre Tu gvian, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxs daayeneben da Tavisuflebas moiT-
xoven. maTTan brZola unda daviwyoT afxazeTidan. afxazeTis gamoyenebiT samegrelos,
svaneTs, aWarasa da sxva kuTxeebs unda mivceT damoukidebloba. maTSi cal-calke unda
gavaRvivoT kuTxur-erovnuli grZnoba. dasavleT saqarTvelo unda davupirispiroT aR-
mosavleTs, amis Semdeg maT Soris momrigeblis funqcia unda SevasruloT. paralelurad qar-
Tvelebi mecnierulad unda davarwmunoT, rom isini sxvadasxva qveynebidan Camosaxlebulni,
sxvadasxva eris warmomadgenlebi arian, rac maTi saqarTvelos teritoriidan sabolood gaZe-
vebis saSualebas mogvcems”.

64
11. fragmentebi wignidan "Europe oF The Peoples" , 2002:

65
66
12. quTaisuri memorandumi

"quTaisSi 2002 wlis 11-12 maiss gaimarTa qarTvelologTa IX simpoziumi ("quTaisuri

saubrebi"), romlis muSaobaSic monawileobdnen enaTmecnierebi, eTnologebi, arqeologebi,
istorikosebi da folkloristebi. simpoziumis muSaobis Tema iyo "dialeqti, ena, kultura:
enobrivi (kulturuli) sistemisa da qvesistemis gamijvnis zogadTeoriuli problema".
simpoziumze warmodgenil moxsenebebSi mraval aqtualur sakiTxTan erTad gaanalizda
Tanamedrove msoflios eTnolingvisturi gamocdileba; aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelos, qarTveli
erisa da qarTuli enobrivi sistemis mimarT rogorc ucxoeTSi, ise CvenSi, arcTu iSviaTad Se-
iniSneba "ormagi standartiT" midgoma, rac realur saSiSroebas uqmnis qarTvelTa enobriv-
kulturul erTianobas, saerTod, saqarTvelos mTlianobas. kerZod, cnobilia, rom mravalsa-
ukunovani qarTveluri werilobiTi kulturis, saerTod, qarTveluri kulturuli memkvid-
reobis SeqmnaSi erTnairi monawileoba aqvs miRebuli qarTvelTa yvela teritoriul-eTnog-
rafiul jgufs: lazebs, megrelebs, qarTlelebs, svanebs, kaxelebs, ingiloebs (herebs), TuSebs,
xevsurebs, fSavelebs, moxeveebs, raWvelebs, imerlebs, leCxumelebs, gurulebs, istoriuli
mesxeTis qarTvelobas: aWarlebs, livanelebs, taoelebs, klarjelebs, javaxebs, samcxelebs... am
fonze qarTvelTa kuTxuri enobrivi variantebis gamocxadeba "umwerlobo enebad", pirvel
rigSi, TviT am qarTvelebs daukargavs did kulturul warsuls, Tundac im Teqvsmetsaukuno-
van warsuls, romelic ioane lazisa da petre iberis moRvaweobiT iwyebs Tavisi ganviTarebis
axal etaps. garda amisa, qarTvelTa kuTxuri metyvelebebis calke enebad gamocxadebiT iqmneba
67
seriozuli safuZveli qarTvelTa enobrivi da eTno-kulturuli erTianobis daSlisa. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom miuxedavad istoriuli ganviTarebis gzebis sxvadasxvaobisa, zemoT CamoTvli-
li qarTvelur eTnografiul-teritoriul jgufTa kiloebis fonologiuri struqtura, gra-
matikuli modeli da leqsikuri fondi erTnairia.
Tanamedrove qarTuli samwignobro ena Tavisi agebulebiT saerToqarTveluri enis pir-
dapiri memkvidrea, amdenad, igi yvela qarTvelisTvis dedaenas warmoadgens, Sesabamisad, qar-
Tuli samwignobro ena qarTvelTa TviTidentifikaciis uZvelesi safuZvelia: qarTveluri ki-
loebis umwerlobo enebad gamocxadeba swored am safuZvels Slis.
simpoziumze warmodgenili moxsenebebidan aseve warmoCnda, rom bevr gaugebrobas udebs
saTaves samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli terminologiuri siWrele.
warmodgenil memorandumze xelmomwer qarTvelologebs saWirod migvaCnia:
1. humanitarul dargebSi moRvawe qarTvel mecnierTa poziciebis Sejereba da saerTo
Tvalsazrisis gamomuSaveba aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT;
2. warmodgenili problematikis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso simpoziumebisa da seminarebis
organizeba;
3. saqarTvelos eTnolingvistur problematikasTan dakavSirebuli ucxouri publikaci-
ebis mudmivi monitoringi;
4. specialuri veb-gverdis Seqmna, misi sistematuri ganaxleba;
5. mravalenovani samecniero Jurnalis sainterneto variantis momzadeba, sadac asaxuli
iqneba qarTvelologTa simpoziumis muSaobis Sedegebi...
warmodgenili amocanebis Sesasruleblad aucilebelia:
6. gafarTovdes, saTanado dafinansebiTa da aparaturiT aRiWurvos quTaisis akaki we-
reTlis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetTan arsebuli dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvle-
viTi instituti;
7. Seiqmnas cnobil qarTvelologTa sakonsultacio sabWo, romelic SeimuSavebs saTa-
nado rekomendaciebs.
xels aweren:

1. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. tariel futkaraZe

2. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. naTela quTelia
3. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. Teimuraz gvancelaZe
4. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. amiran lomTaZe
5. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati revaz Serozia
6. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. Tedo uTurgaiZe
7. ist. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. roland TofCiSvili
8. ist. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. nana xazaraZe
9. ist. mecnierebaTa kandidati rusudan kaSia
10. ist. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. iulon gagoSiZe
11. ist. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. julieta ruxaZe
12. Tsu maswavlebeli revaz abaSia
13. akademikosi qeTevan lomTaTiZe
14. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. damana meliqiSvili
15. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti manana tabiZe
16. ist. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. vaxtang jafariZe
17. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati TinaTin RvinaZe
18. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. aleqsi WinWarauli
19. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. otia kaxaZe
20. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof., amerikis sainformacio akademiis namdvili wevri greta Can-
tlaZe-baqraZe
21. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati nomadi barTaia
22. fil. mecnierebaTa doqtori prof. maia naTaZe
23. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti zaal kikviZe
24. docenti zaur mJavanaZe
25. fil. mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti marine qacarava
26. qsu dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli lela avaliani
27. Tsu docenti darejan siria

teqsti faqsimileebiTurT pirvelad gamoqveynda krebulSi: qsu dialeqtologiis samecniero-

kvleviTi instituti (1993-2003 wlebi), quTaisi, 2003, gv.178

68
13. kremli, hiuiti da "axali saliteraturo ena" (ruseTis SekveTiT: britaneli profeso-
ri megruli saliteraturo "enis" aucileblobis Sesaxeb; marionetgazeTi "gali", 2004 wlis 16-31
agvisto, # 11 (26)

14. informacia kremlis vebgverdidan

12.1.
14:03:34 - 2006-01-31
Источник: АБХАЗИЯ
Корреспондент: ITA Apsny Online
http//kreml.org/other/103948316/mode
kreml.org / Pезолюция четвертого съезд народного движения "Самегрело"

Pезолюция четвертого съезда народного движения

"Самегрело"
Четвертый съезд народного движения "Самегрело" призывает Президента, Парламент и
Правительство Грузии:
- определить и выдвитуть на обсуждение населения региона конституционный статус
Мингрелии;
69
 - разработать и представить на обсуждение программу восстановления промышленного и
сельскохозяйственного производства в Мингрелии с указанием конкретного количества
создаваемых рабочих мест;
- принять соответствующие меры для достижения договоренностей с Российской Федерацией
по обеспечению вывоза производимой в Мингрелии сельскохозяйственной продукции в Рос-
сию;
- разработать и утвердить проект свободной экономической зоны на территории Мингрелии;
провести переговоры с фактическим руководством Абхазии о включении территории Гальского
района в данную свободную экономическую зону;
- определить твердый процент от доходов Потийского порта, направляемый на нужды г. Поти
и Мингрелии в целом;
- ввести в программы филологических факультетов высших учебных заведений и
общеобразовательных средних школ ознакомительный курс мингрельского и сванского языков;
- в короткий срок обеспечить выборность руководителей администраций региона, городов и
районов Мингрелии в соответствии с общепринятыми демократическими нормами;
- пересмотреть законодательные новации в право-охранительной сфере, в частности,
изменения в Уголовно-процессуальном кодексе, характерные для тоталитарных режимов и
препятствующие демократическому развитию общества.
Съезд поручает Главному организационному комитету народного движения «Самегрело»:
- разработать и утвердить на чрезвычайном съезде движения Положение об общественном
парламенте Мингрелии и осущесгвить его формирование на основе выборности членов;
- совместно с депутатами парламента Грузии - членами движения разработать и вынести на
широкое общественное обсуждение альтернативный законопроект о местном самоуправлении,
организовать сбор подписей в его поддержку и внести на рассмотрение в парламент Грузии в
качестве законодательной инициативы;
- установить прямые контакты с руководством, политическими и общественными
организациями Абхазии с целью выработки и реализации совместных действий по
восстановлению разрушенных войной отношений;
- поддерживать и развивать установленные связи с общественными организациями лазов, их
диаспорами в разных странах;
- создать при народном движении специальный Фонд, призванный реализовывать проекты,
направленные на сохранение и развитие мингрельской языковой культуры, социально-
культурного своеобразия региона, проведение исторических исследований, поддержку
талантливой молодежи и т.п.

12.2.
Источник: «Эхо Абхазии» №5
24 ноября 2005
29 ноября 2005 г. в г.Зугдиди (Грузия) состоится IV Съезд народного движения
"Самегрело".

Движение "Самегрело" наиболее последовательно выступает за развитие экономических и

культурных связей между Грузией и Россией и является сегодня единственным реальным
оппонентом политике нынешних властей Грузии.
Съезд приурочен к двухлетней годовщине правления М.Саакашвили и посвящен вопросам
развития Мингрелии за два года его президентства. По итогам работы Съезда будет принята резо-
люция с требованием к действующей власти немедленно принять меры по улучшению социально-
экономического положения жителей региона. На Съезде будет также рассмотрен вопрос о возмож-
ном придании Мингрелии статуса автономии.

В Съезде примут участие более 2.000 делегатов, представляющих все регионы Грузии.
Начало Съезда в 14.00 в ДК Бумкомбината, г.Зугдиди.
Бесплатный трансфер из Тбилиси в Зугдиди осуществляется организаторами Съезда.

15. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli "qarTuli enisa da kulturis centris"

samecniero sabWos Ria werili saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas

70
 RvTis didi mowyalebiT qarTvelma erma aRidgina orasi wlis win dakarguli saxelmwi-
foebrivi damoukidebloba. dRes, rodesac axlo aris Jami Cveni eris aRorZinebisa, rogorc
sazRvargareT, ise saqarTveloSi gaaqtiurdnen Zalebi, romlebic saqarTvelos daSlis
mizniT eswrafvian qarTvelebisgan gansxvavebul da qarTvelebisganve daCagrul eTnikur
(erovnul) jgufebad warmoadginon: megrelebi, svanebi, lazebi, aWarlebi, mesxebi... Sesabamisad,
cdiloben kuTxur metyvelebaze (ena-kavebze, kiloebze) “gadaTargmnon” saxareba da am gziT
mravalsaukunovani qristianuli kulturis mqone qarTvelobis am ganuyofel nawilebs dRes
Seuqmnan “"saliteraturo enebi”.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis meTauris, uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia II loc-
va-kurTxeviT Seqmnil "qarTuli enisa da kulturis samecniero sabWos" wevrebs migvaCnia,
rom amgvar antiqarTul moZraobas safuZvels uqmnis mefis ruseTSi Seqmnili da sabWoTa peri-
odSi gaaqtiurebuli zogi ”samecniero” Teoria; warmovadgenT or konkretul SemTxvevas:
1. istorikosTa nawili dRemde iziarebs XIX saukuneSi carizmis dakveTiT Seqmnil da
Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier erTaderT oficialur Teoriad gamocxadebul Tvalsaz-
riss, rom hipoTeturad arsebulma qarTis tomma moaxdina kaxelebis, herebis, lazebis, megre-
lebis, mesxebis, fxovelebis, svanebis da kidev bevri sxva tomis asimilacia - qarTizacia/qarTve-
lizacia. SevniSnavT, rom rogorc qarTul ise ucxour saistorio wyaroebSi dasturdeba aTe-
ulobiT qarTveluri tomi (muSqebi/mosxebi/mesxebi, daianelebi/diauxebi/taoxebi, kolaelebi,
tibarenebi, iberebi/saspeirebi/sapirebi, quTebi/koitebi/kvitebi, koraqsebi, marebi, beqe~rebi,
haliZonebi/xalibebi, xaldebi/qaldebi, mosino~kebi/heptakometebi, diZerebi, biZerebi, Zidri-
tebi, makronebi/makrokefalebi, fasianebi, melanqlainebi, ekriktikes mcxovrebni/ekeqe~rebi, he-
nioxebi, sanebi/Wanebi, sanigebi/sanikebi, lazebi, afxazebi, abaskebi, afsarebi, svanebi/misimie-
lebi, svano-kolxebi, amarantebi, tuskebi, kaxebi, kuxebi, fxovelebi, herebi...), maTgan arcerTi
ar aris qarTis saxeliT cnobili. qarTvelTa Tavdapirveli saxelmwifo moicavda am tomTa
sacxovriss (rogorc aRmosavleT da dasavleT, ise samxreT saqarTvelosac). garda amisa,
qarTizacia ar sWirdeboda aRniSnuli saxelmwifos Semqmnel aborigen qarTvelebs: kaxebs, la-
zebs, megrelebs, svanebs, mesxebs, fxovelebs, qarTlelebs da sxv.
SeniSvna: erTi qarTveluri tomis mier sxvebis asimilaciis Teoria saimperio SekveTiT SemuSav-
da peterburgis universitetSi prof. patkanovis mier, xolo Semdeg ganviTarda sabWoTa kavSi-
ris mecnierul wreebSi cenzuris mkacri zedamxedvelobis qveS. am dausabuTebeli Teoriis xer-
xemals warmoadgens mosazreba, rom TiTqosda arsebobs oTxi qarTveluri ena/kultura: qarTu-
li, megruli, lazuri, svanuri; rom droTa ganmavlobaSi ”qarTebma” TavianTi ena/kultura gaav-
rceles sxva tomebze... SegaxsenebT, rom patkanovsa da mis Tanamoazreebs mkacrad amxeldnen:
wminda ilia marTali (”qvaTa RaRadi”), akaki wereTeli, dimitri yifiani, wminda kirion kaTali-
kosi, wminda ambrosi xelaia, wminda aleqsi SuSania, iakob gogebaSvili, patriarqi kalistrate
cincaZe, pavle ingoroyva, konstantine gamsaxurdia, zviad gamsaxurdia da sxvebi.
2. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zveli wyaroebis mixedviT aTeulobiT qarTveluri tomi dasturdeba,
enaTmecnierTa erTi nawili sakmarisi argumentaciis gareSe mainc miiCnevs, rom uZvelesi droi-
dan dRemde arsebobs mxolod oTxi tomi Tavisi eniT (qarTuli, lazuri, megruli da svanuri);
am avtorTa mier lazuri, megruli da svanuri dRes umwerlobo enebadaa miCneuli, rac mavanT
saSualebas aZlevs umwignobro xalxebad CaTvalon Zveli qarTuli mwignobrobis Semqmnelni
megrelebi, lazebi, svanebi da dRes daiwyon maTTvis saxarebis Targmna...
mogexsenebaT, rom qarTveli eri msoflios uZveles xalxTa Sorisaa: jer kidev 3 300
wlis winandeli kacobriobis yuradRebis centrSi iyo kolxuri (saerToqarTveluri) civili-
zacia, romlis gavrcelebis areali moicavda dasavleT, aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos,
Crdilo kavkasiis did nawils, romlis kulturac viTardeboda saerToqarTvelur enaze. is-
toriuli faqtebi amowmebs, rom am saerTo enaze dafuZnebuli arqauli samwignobro
qarTuli ena saukuneebis manZilze iqmneboda saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi; igi
Tavidanve mSobliuri da gasagebi iyo yvela Temis qarTvelisTvis; Sesabamisad, qarTu-
li ena dedaena iyo da aris kaxelisaTvisac, egriselisTvisac, svanisTvisac, lazisTvisac, mes-
xisTvisac da a.S. mravali saukunis manZilze am saerToerovnuli samwignobro enis masazrdoe-
beli wyaroni iyvnen da arian dResac kuTxuri ena-kavebi: megruli, svanuri, mesxuri, fxovuri,
imeruli...
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebasTan erTad gaZlierda aRniSnul saer-
ToqarTul enaze dafuZnebuli samwignobro kultura, romelic ioane lazis, petre iberis,
iovane petriwis, Wyondidlebis (iovane minCxis, stefane sananoisZis, antonis...), mTawmindele-
bis da mraval sxvaTa mier Tvisobrivad erTnairad iqmneboda istoriul egrisSic, mesxeTSic,
svaneTSic, hereTSic da qarTl-kaxeTSic. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom qarTveluri mwignobroba unika-
luria msoflioSi: ase didi xnis manZilze uwyvetad mxolod qarTvelTa enaa erTdroulad sa-
eklesio enac, saxelmwifo enac da saero kulturis enac. Sesabamisad, Seuracxmyofelia, aseTi
didi samwignobro tradiciis mqone sazogadoebas dialeqti gamoucxado axali saliteraturo
enis saTaved da ucxod uqcio sakuTar wiaRSi Sobili iovane lazi, grigol xanZTeli, SoTa
71
rusTaveli, daviT guramiSvili, ilia, akaki, vaJa-fSavela, konstantine gamsaxurdia, Salva da-
diani, simon Ciqovani, leo qiaCeli, levan goTua, terenti graneli, zviad gamsaxurdia...
evraziis strategiul centrSi - kavkasiaSi - mcxovrebma qarTvelobam da qarTvelurma
kulturam nairgvar Semotevas gauZlo; safrTxe dResac aSkaraa: qarTveluri dialeqtebis
damoukidebel umwerlobo enebad gamocxadebiT da e.w. qarTizaciis Teoriis gaaqtiure-
biT gareSe Zalebi dResac ulaxaven Rirsebas qarTvelTa did nawils; am gziT cdiloben saqar-
Tvelos jer enobriv-eTnikur, xolo Semdeg saxelmwifoebriv daqucmacebas. isini TavianT da-
sayrdenad sergo orjonikiZis Tu isak Jvanias memkvidreebs Tanamedrove saqarTveloSic qmnian.
arsebobs safrTxe, rom sainformacio omis wagebis SemTxvevaSi, motyuebuli umciresobebis
uflebebis damcveli saerTaSoriso struqturebi da organizaciebic CaTreul iqnen saqarTve-
los sawinaaRmdego moZraobaSi.
kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT:
qarTuli enisa da kulturis Semqmnelebi: megrelebi, imerlebi, kaxelebi, svanebi, fxo-
velni, mesxni, aWarelni, raWvelni, taoelni, lazni, herni da a.S. yvela erTad warmovadgenT
qarTvel ers; Sesabamisad, dedaqarTulis anu saerToqarTveluris Semadgeneli nakadulebia
lazur-megrulic, kaxur-qarTluric, mesxur-imerxeulic, svanuric, TuSur-xevsurulic, moxe-
ur-fSauric, taour-imerxeulic da a.S.
vimedovnebT, uflis wyalobiT, qarTveli eris amJamindeli Tu momavali Taobebi gavuf-
rTxildebiT qarTvelur kulturul memkvidreobasa da Cvens erovnul mTlianobas; vupatro-
nebT da movuvliT Cvens qarTvelur ena-kavebs Tu dialeqtebs; SeviswavliT da gegmazomierad
gamoviyenebT maT erTiani qarTuli samwignobro enis gasaZliereblad.
anania jafariZe, mitropoliti - samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomare, profesori; samecniero
sabWos wevrebi: goneli araxamia, profesori; nomadi barTaia, profesori, Tavmjdomaris moadgi-
le; Teimuraz gvancelaZe, profesori; rezo Serozia, profesori; merab naWyebia, profesori; ma-
nana tabiZe, profesori; tariel futkaraZe, profesori, Tavmjdomaris moadgile; giorgi andria-
Ze, nacionaluri lobi; irakli orJonia, samecniero sabWos swavluli mdivani.

2005 wlis 27 noemberi

72
16. fragmenti saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomis
oqmidan (2005 wlis 23 dekemberi)

wmida sinodma imsjela bibliis svanurad da megrulad Targmnis mcdelobis Sesaxeb. aR-
niSna, rom ruseTis imperiis mier XIX saukunis bolos xelovnurad inspirirebuli es veragu-
li idea garkveul Zalebs surT dRes praqtikulad ganaxorcielon.
mosaxleobas SevaxsenebT X saukunis cnobili saeklesio moRvawis, wmida grigol xanZTelis
cxovrebis avtoris, giorgi merCulis sityvebs: ”qarTlad friadi qveyana~ aRiracxebis, romel-
sa Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locva~ yoveli aResrulebis” da 1790 wels mefe-
mTavarTa mier xelmoweril ”iverielTa traqtats”, sadac vkiTxulobT: ”...yovelTave iveriel-
Ta, msaxlobelTa samefosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSsa da guriisaTa aqvT erTmor-
wmuneoba, arian Svilni erTisa kaTolikesa eklesiisagan Sobilni da erTisa enisa mqonebelni”...
ganCindes: dauSvebelia istoriis gayalbeba - megrelebisa da svanebis mwignobrobisa da
qristianuli kulturis armqoneebad gamocxadeba da am kuTxis SvilebisaTvis XXI saukuneSi
bibliis Targmna, rac upirveles yovlisa miznad isaxavs eris gaTiSvas da qveynis mTlianobis
darRvevis mcdelobas.

gazeTi "saqarTvelos respublika” #302, 2005 /29/12

17. uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is

saSobao epistole, Tbilisi, 2006 weli (fragmenti)

...metad mniSvnelovania qveynis mTlianobis aRdgenis sakiTxi .saqarTvelosTvis gareSe Za-

lebis mier Tavsmoxveuli Sida konfliqtebi, romlebsac arasworad eTnokonfliqtebsac
uwodeben, orasi wlis manZilze mtruli Zalebis mier warmoebuli informaciuli omis Sedegi-
caa.
mavanni dResac cdiloben Seuqmnan saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas araswori warmodgena imis
Sesaxeb, TiTqos afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni istoriulad araqarTuli teritoriebia.
istoriografia, enaTmecniereba, arqeologia... nawilobriv politizirebuli
mecnierebebia da, bunebrivia, yoveli qveyana, Tavis interesebidan gamomdinare, iyenebs maT. es
gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia imperiebisaTvis, romelnic am meTodiT cdiloben gaimyaron
Tavisi poziciebi (gaTiSe da ibatones principi).
jer kidev wminda ilia marTali Tavis publicistur werilebSi ebrZoda peterburgis uni-
versitetSi Seqmnil antiqarTul istoriografiul Teorias, romlis mixedviTac, erTiani
qarTveli eri warmodgenilia gansxvavebuli tomebis xelovnur gaerTianebad. aRniSnuli kampa-
niis gagrZeleba iyo is, rom imperiulma Zalebma daiwyes megrulad da svanurad saRvTismsxaxu-
ro wignebis Targmna da scades wirva-locvis Catarebac, magram am kuTxis Svilebma da mTelma
qarTulma sazogadoebam maT sakadrisi pasuxi gasca.
qarTuli sazogadoeba win aRudga afxazTa muhajirobis (gadasaxlebis) processac, vianai-
dan afxazebi odiTgan Cveni kulturis da saxelmwifos ganuyofeli nawili iyvnen da arian.
aseve Cveni nawili arian osebi, romlebic saukuneebis manZilze saqarTveloSi mSvidobianad
cxovroben...
samwuxarod, afxazebisa da osebis bolo Taobebi im imperiul istoriografiaze gaizar-
dnen, romelmac maT qarTvelebisadmi aramegobruli damokidebuleba Camouyaliba.
es iyo neli moqmedebis ideologiuri naRmi; am naRmma dRevandel mdgomareobamde migviyvana
da Zmoba da erToba dagvarRvevia. magram Cvens Soris arsebuli naTesauri, mezobluri da me-
gobruli urTierTobis gamo mterma mizans bolomde mainc ver miaRwia. amitomac, miuxedavad
yvelafrisa, ZmaTamkvleli omi afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi ZiriTadad ganixileba ro-
gorc politikuri dapirispirebis Sedegi da ara xalxebs Soris momxdari konfliqti, risi da-
dasturebacaa Tundac dRes orive mxaris ubralo adamianebis ZiriTad nawilSi keTilganwyo-
biTi urTierTdamokidebuleba.
vloculobT, rom male aRdges namdvili mSvidoba da erToba Cvens Soris.

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18. memorandumi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, iv.javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetisa da k.kekeliZis xelnawerTa institutis erToblivi samecniero
konferenciisa "svaneTi - qarTuli kulturis savane"

mravali faqti cxadyofs: svaneTSi daculia uZvelesi qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreoba;

svaneTi ZvelTaganve aris qarTuli qristianuli mwignobrobis gamorCeuli kera da qarTvelTa
mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifos myari burji...
XIX saukuneSic aqtualuri iyo svaneTSi arsebuli kavkasionis uReltexilebi, amitomac
imperia Seecada aqauri qarTvelobis jer mimxrobas, Semdeg fizikur damorCilebas, bolos ki
cnobier gadagvarebas ("gaTiSe da ibatone"); saamisod imperiis mesveurni qadagebdnen, rom sva-
nebi qarTvelebi ar arian, rom maTi dedaena aris ara qarTuli, aramed - svanuri; rom aucilebe-
lia svanTa "dedaenaze" wminda werilis Targmna da a.S. daiwyes kidec saxarebis Targmna erT-
erTi svanuri kilos bazaze...
mravalsaukunovani mwignobruli dedaenis mqone qarTvelobam alRo auRo momxdurTa
zraxvebs: svanebs qarTvelobasTan erTad arTmevdnen istoriul kulturas, ukargavdnen saxel-
mwifoebriv warsuls da viTarca velurebs, XIX s. bolos uqmnidnen anbans, uTargmnidnen sa-
xarebas.
Cvens qveyanas didi ziani miayena aTeizmmac da sabWourma samecniero Teoriebmac, romlebic
amJamadac zemoqmedebs sazogadoebaze. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis avtokefali-
isa da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg adekvaturad gaiazreba saqarTvelosa
da qarTuli mwignobrobis istoria; svaneTis eklesiebis mRvdel-msaxurni isev did saRvTo da
saqarTvelos sakeTildReo RvawlSi arian; svaneTis qarTveloba dResac aqtiurad qmnis sauku-
neebis siRrmidan momdinare qarTul kulturas... Tumca, axlac vxvdebiT sxva qarTvelebisgan
svanebis gamijvnis mcdelobas, axlac aqtiuroben qarTvelobis enobriv-eTnikurad daSlis mo-
surneni; Sesabamisad, masmediaSi da saeWvo Rirebulebis samecniero produqciaSi araiSviaTad
gamoiyeneba iseTi araadekvaturi terminebi, rogoricaa: svani kriminali, svani xalxi, svanuri
kultura, svanuri eTnosi, svanologia da sxv. (aseTi ulogiko terminebi xSiria saqarTvelos
sxva kuTxeTa mimarTac; xSirad gaigonebT: aWareli xalxi, aWareli Jurnalisti...). amgvari ter-
minologiuri Sefaseba zogjer diversiuli xasiaTisaa, zogjer ki gauazrebel Secdomas warmo-
adgens.
mecnierebis ganviTarebis amJamindel etapze qarTveli eris dedaenis, zogadad, kulturis
istoria Tu awmyo siRrmiseulad da Tanamedrove meTodologiiTaa gasaanalizebeli; mxolod
aseT SemTxvevaSi warmoCndeba srulad rogorc svaneTis, ise saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebis isto-
riuli roli zogadqarTuli samwignobro kulturisa da saxelmwifos Seqmna-SenarCunebis
saqmeSi.
gasuli saukuneebis msgavsad, dResac, lamazi qarTuli mxare - svaneTi - saqarTvelos saxel-
mwifos uRalato mecixovne da qarTuli kulturis savanea. saWiroa mxolod am simarTlis ga-
gebineba mtrisTvisac da bevri moyvrisTvisac; aucilebelia, obieqturi, mecnierulad dasabu-
Tebuli informacia Sevides saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis ga-
moyenebiT gavrceldes mTel msoflioSi.
lentexSi, mestiasa da dedaqalaqSi Catarebuli samecniero forumebis monawileni dade-
biTad afaseben erTi kviris manZilze gaweul samuSaos da mouwodeben qarTvelologebs, samo-
mavlodac gagrZeldes samecniero moRvaweoba da momzaddes popularuli xasiaTis gamocemebi,
raTa obieqturad warmoCndes da sayovelTaod gaxdes cnobili saqarTvelos yvela mxaris qar-
TvelTa wvlili erTiani qarTuli kulturis qmnadobis istoriaSi.

2006 wlis ivlisi; lentexi, mestia, Tbilisi

19. tariel futkaraZe, eTnolingvistur terminTa politizaciis saTaveebi da

mowinave qarTuli azri

humanitaruli mecnierebebi, gansakuTrebiT, istoriografia, enaTmecniereba, arqeolo-

gia, kulturologia... SesaZleblobas iZleva erTi da igive faqti sxvadasxvagvarad kvalifi-
cirdes, miT umetes, Tu romelime mxare dainteresebulia, samecniero Sedegebi Tavisi (Tavisi
sazogadoebis) miznebis aRsrulebis berketad aqcios. araiSviaTia faqtebis mizanmimarTuli
gayalbebac, romelic miznad isaxavs konkretuli sazogadoebis dezorientirebas: araobieq-
turi codniT msoflaRqmis sistemis "koordinatTa" damaxinjeba safuZvelia Seusabamo
TviTidentifikaciisa (TviTaRqmisa).
sinamdvilis kvlevas didad uSlis xels imperiis miznis Sesabamisad dagegmili samecniero
asparezis politizeba. samwuxarod, bolo 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi, roca mecnieruli azri mTel
msoflioSi STambeWdavad ganviTarda, qarTveli eris eTnokulturis Tu enis istoria ZiriTa-
74
dad sabWoTa imperiis perspeqtivis Sesabamisi terminologiiT Sefasda; ramdenime Taobis
ganmsWvalavi leninur-stalinuri Teoriebi enaTmecnierebaSic aramecnieruli gziT damkvid-
rda (ix, qvemoT); araiSviadad, sabWouri stereotipebi aisaxeboda "sabWoTa kavSiris" ene-
bis/kulturebis ucxoel mkvlevarTa SromebSic ki, rac bolomde daZleuli jer kidev ar aris
(ix., mag., v.boederi 2005). sabWoTa mecnierebis politizebis saTaveebis Sesaxeb saintereso
msjeloba aqvs g.meliqiSvils:
“qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegneba Zlierdeba XIX saukunis bolos; amave periodSi gamo-
qveynda f.homelis axali samecniero Teoria, romlis mixedviTac qarTvelobis winaprebad miiC-
neoda kavkasiaSi, axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropis did nawilSi ganfenili winareindoevropuli
mosaxleoba - “xalxTa alarodiuli ojaxi: elamelebi, kasitebi, urartuelebi (maTi STamo-
mavlebi arian qarTvelebi), pelazgebi, etruskebi, baskebi... f.homelis samecniero Teoriam gaaZ-
liera qarTvelTa konsolidacia, magram am dros qarTvelobis winaaRmdeg antagonisturad ga-
newyvnen ruseTis imperiis mesveurni da amierkavkasiaSi arsebuli Zlieri somxuri burJuazia…”
(g.meliqiSvili, 1970, gv.329)…
rogorc wesi, imperiuli miznebis ganxorcielebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri
xdeba istoriuli movlenebis/faqtebis gayalbeba da terminologiuri diversiebi; Tanamed-
rove postsabWoTa mecnierebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani unda gaxdes Seusabamo terminolo-
giuri Sefasebis warmoCineba faqtis/cnebis marTebuli saxeldeba; samagaliTod ganvixi-
lavT cnebebs: qarTveli da qarTuli ena.
rusifikaciis JiniT (wm.ambrosi xelaias terminia!) Sepyrobili moxeleebis, rusi sa-
suliero moRvaweebis, generlebis, politikosebis Tu mecnierebis erTi nawili (peterburgis
universitetis profesori qerope petrosis Ze patkaniani, kirile petres Ze ianovski - kavkasiis
saswavlo olqis mzrunveli 1879-1899 wlebSi, saqarTvelos saegzarqosos soxumis eparqiis
episkoposi arseni zotovi, dekanozi iovane vostorgovi da sxv.) intensiurad cdilobda da
cdilobs saqarTvelo imperiad, "qarTvelebi" ki sxva qarTveluri Tu kavkasiaSi Semoxiznuli
indoevropuli modgmis tomebis/xalxebis dampyroblebad warmoadginon; maTi azriT, megrele-
bi, svanebi, aWarlebi, mesxebi... qarTvelebi ar arian. sainteresoa is faqti, rom cnobili mecnie-
ri n.mari 1912 wlamde qarTvelobas icavda carizmis mier dagegmili "samecniero" Semotevebis-
gan, xolo Semdeg Tavad gaxda qarTvelTagan mosageriebeli; sanimuSod moviyvanT
iv.javaxiSvilisa da n.maris kamaTis erT epizods:
iv.javaxiSvili (1979, gv. 152, sqolio): "akad. n.marri misayvedurebs, rom megrelebs,
svanebs da afxazebs me qarTvelebs vuwodeb... afxazebs me qarTvelTa monaTesaved vTvli, magram
qarTvelebs ar vuwodeb. rac Seexeba megrelebsa da svanebs da, davumateb, Wanebsac, maT mar-
Tlac qarTvel tomebad vTvli da vuwodeb... Tu amaze uwinares ara, XI s-idan moyolebuli
"qarTveli" SemkrebelobiT mniSvnelobiT ixmareba yvela qarTvelTa aRsaniSnavad. aseTi saer-
To SemkrebelobiTi mniSvnelobis mqonebeli terminis (qarTl-kaxel-imerel-gurul-
megrel-Wan-svanTa enisa, zneCveulebisa da sarwmunoebis saerTo Tvisebis dasaxasiaTeblad)
saWiroebis uaryofac aravis SeuZlia. winaT amas n. marric ar uarhyofda. Tavis-da-Tavad cxa-
dia, rom mkvlevaris azris Secvlis gamo am mravalsaukunovani monapovarisa da Segnebis ga-
qarwyleba da mospoba ar SeiZleba..."
Sdr.: peterburgis universitetis aRmosavlur enaTa fakultetis dekanad
daniSvnamde, 1905 wels qarTvelobis daSlis mosurneTa winaaRmdeg n.marma dawera polemiku-
ri wigni ("qarTvelTa erovneba"), romlis Sesaxebac Tedo saxokia wers:
"gansakuTrebiT samegrelosaTvis Seiqmna mZime dekanoz vostorgovis farfaSi. igi Tama-
mad iZaxda - megrelebi sxvani arian, qarTvelebTan saerTo araferi aqvT da amitom qarTu-
li ena maTs skolebSi unda iswavlebodes, mis magivrad rusuli, saxelmwifo ena, aswavleTo.
bolos imdenad gakadnierda es anaforosani politikani, rom presaSiac gabeda amis mtkiceba.
albaT mkiTxvels axsovs profesor n.maris pasuxica; akademikosma n.marma miwasTan gaaswora
metiCara, politikanobiT dabrmavebuli dekanozi, romelmac iseT sferoSi Setopa, sa-
dac araviTari kompetencia hqonda da gamoaCina martooden ususuroba..." (T.saxokia, 1992).
samwuxarod, garkveuli Zalebi dResac cdiloben saqarTveloSi eTnikur Tu
enobriv umciresobad gamoacxadon da am gziT did istoriul samwignobro kulturas mos-
wyviton: lazebi, megrelebi, svanebi... amgvari enobrivi diversia zogsac uneburad gamosdis
sakmarisi samecniero informaciis verflobis gamo. mag., "evropis enebis centris" grifiT
2002 wels espaneTSi gamoqveynebul rukebdarTul wignSi "Europe of the Peoples" da 2000
wels parizSi gamocemul atlasSi "safrangeTi da samyaro" (La France et le Monde, Atlas) ru-
kis sxvadasxva feriT, droSiT da eTnikuri dasaxelebiT arian warmodgenili: qarTvelebi,
afxazebi, megrelebi, aWarlebi, svanebi da osebi... bolo msgavsi dausabuTebeli gancxadeba
gakeTda 2005 wlis 23 dekembers ganaTlebis saministroSi j.hiutisa da i.gipertis koordi-
natorobiT warmodgenili proeqtis prezentaciis dros (qarTvelTa ramdenime dialeqti
75
eTnikur umciresobaTa enebad iyo gamocxadebuli proeqtis avtorTa mier). niSandobli-
via: proeqti finansdeba politikuri da ekonomikuri mizezebis gamo asimilaciis an
gadaSenebis piras myofi eTnikuri jgufis/xalxis enebis gadasarCenad Volkswagen-
stiftung-is mier gamocxadebuli programis farglebSi).
SeniSvna: 1992 wlis 5 noembers evrosabWos wevri saxelmwifoebis mier strasburgSi miiRebuli "evropu-
li qartia regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis Sesaxeb" ar gansazRvravs enas arc "socialur-politiku-
ri Tu eTnikuri niSniT, rogorc ama Tu im konkretuli socialuri Tu eTnikuri jgufis komunikaciis
saSualebas; amgvarad, qartia ar iZleva enobrivi umciresobis cnebis gansazRvrebas"; qartiaSi aseve, xaz-
gasmiT weria: "qartia ar gansazRvravs Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos calke enad gamoxatvis esa
Tu is forma". miuxedavad warmodgenili gancxadebebisa, evrosabWos dokumentebSi mainc aris friad sayu-
radRebo aqcentebi; kerZod, ix., qartiis pirveli muxlis a punqtis meore nawili da qartiis 32-e ganmarte-
ba: regionaluri ena, umciresobis ena, aseve, termini enobrivi umciresoba "ar gulisxmobs (ar moicavs) sa-
xelmwifos oficialuri enis saxesxvaobebs, dialeqtebsa da migrantTa enebs". amis miuxedavad, dRes cdi-
loben, saqarTveloSi migrantTa enebi gamoacxadon umciresobaTa enebad, xolo avtoqton qarTvelTa
kiloebi - mcire enebad. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom, rogorc wesi, enobriv/eTnikur umciresobad miiCneva moce-
muli saxelmwifos avtoqtoni araZiriTadi (sxva kulturisa da warmomavlobis mqone) mosaxleoba, mag.,
baskebi espaneTSi. saqarTveloSi erTi romelime kuTxis qarTvelobis miCneva enobriv umciresobad, rbi-
lad rom vTqvaT, gaugebrobaa. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos amJamindel parlamentSic arian Zalebi, romel-
Tac surT qarTveluri kiloebis saxelmwifo enebad gamocxadeba (ix., mag., gazeT rezonansis 2005 wlis 4
noembris masala; msjelobisaTvis Sdr., "rezonansi", 14.11.2005).
arada, sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom mravalsaukunovani qarTuli samwignobro kultu-
ra Tvisobrivad erTnairad iqmneboda samegreloSic, svaneTSic, mesxeTSic da qarTl-kaxeTSic;
am kuTxeTa mosaxleobisTvis qarTuli istoriuli dedaenaa, adgilobrivi (saSinao) zepiri
metyveleba ki - erT-erTi qarTveluri dialeqti (da ara umciresobis ena!). daqucmacebul sa-
qarTveloSic ki mxolod sakuTriv qarTli (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo) ar ganixilavs Tavis Tavs
saqarTvelod; sxva samefo-samTavroebic Tavs saqarTveloebad, mefe-mTavarni ki
saqarTvelos mefeebad warmoadgenen (mag., rusul wyaroebSic dasturdeba: levan dadiani
- mefe iveriisa). aseTi Segnebidan ibadeba qarTuli wyaroebis uCveulo forma saqarTvelo-
ni anu saqarTveloebi; aseTi saqarTveloebia: mesxeTi, kaxeT-hereTi, qarTli, imereTi, guria,
odiS-afxazeTi (wyaroebisa da msjelobisaTvis ix.: a.jafariZe, 1996; r.TofCiSvili, 2002, j.gama-
xaria, 2005, gv. 130-132, 164-166).
terminologiuri Sefasebis "dagegmva" gansakuTrebiT "Sedegiania" mocemuli enobrivi
erTeulisaTvis statusis miniWebisas; mag., sabWoTa imperiam ruminuli enis moldouri dialeq-
ti gamoacxada calke enad, raTa gaemarTlebina moldovas gamoyofa rumineTisgan (rogorc
cnobilia, moldova daipyro sabWoTa ruseTma).
samecniero literaturaSi ar arsebobs Tanxmoba mocemuli sametyvelo erTeulis
enad Tu kilod misaCnevad; kriteriumis arCevis Sesabamisad, mocemuli enobrivi erTeuli SeiZ-
leba kvalificirdes: enad, kilod, kilokavad; sagangebod aRvniSnavT: msoflioSi arsebuli
mwignobrobis mqone arc erTi enobrivi erTeuli enad saxeldebuli ar aris arc sakuTriv
lingvisturi kriteriumebiT (fonetikis/ bgeraTSesatyvisobis, morfologiis Tu sintaq-
sis mixedviT) da arc gagebinebis mixedviT... rogorc wesi, adrec da dResac, kulturuli sa-
zogadoebis enis statusi gansazRvrulia eTnopolitikuri/sociolingvisturi Tvalsazri-
siT. qarTulSi sirTules iwvevs termin "enis" polisemanturobac; mag, niko mari wers: qarTu-
li enis dialeqturi gansxvavebani, anu sxva da sxva adgilobriv gamoTqmiTa da kiloTi saubari
da ena (romelzedac wera-kiTxva ar arsebobs), ganuyrelad erT monaTesave enas warmoadgenen;
(ix. n.mari, 1905, gv. 11) e.i termin enas lingvisti n.maric ki polisemanturad iyenebs, Torem
aseTi rangis mecnierisgan didi Secdoma iqneboda eTqva: qarTuli kiloebi da umwerlobo
enebi erT enas warmoadgeneno...
Cveni azriT, mecnierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze meTodologiurad gaumar-
Tlebelia, msoflios enaTa paradigmatul rigSi gverdigverd warmovadginoT sxvadasxva
(mag., e.w. lingvisturi, sociolingvisturi...) kriteriumebiT Sefasebuli/saxeldebuli
enobrivi erTeulebi (t.futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 63; Sdr., k.gabunia, 2004, v.boederi, 2005); aseve,
dausabuTeblad migvaCnia, erTi mxriv, lingvisturi da, meore mxriv, sakuTriv siciolingvis-
turi parametrebis moSveliebiT mocemuli enobrivi erTeulis miCneva xan enad, xan kilod (ro-
gorc amas akeTebda n.mari 1905-1912 da Semdgom wlebSi).
lingvistTa wreSi adrec da dResac aqtiuri kamaTis sagania qarTvelur enobriv erTe-
ulTa statusi (am problemis Sesaxeb sagangebod ar umsjeliaT: ak. SaniZes, arn.Ciqobavas, v.To-
furias... sakiTxis istoriisaTvis ix. t.futkaraZe, 2005). am fonze, vfiqrobT, sainteresoa:
damatebiTi mecnieruli argumentirebis gareSe megruli Tu lazuri metyveleba
romeli/rogori argumentebiT (Tu ra motiviT) cxaddeba, erTi mxriv, umwerlobo enad
(patua enad, mcire enad, ganuviTarebel enad... ix.: i.vostorgovis, i.stalinis da sxvaTa

76
mosazrebebi), meore mxriv ki - didi samwignobro tradiciis mqone qarTuli enis kilod Tu
erT-erT qarTvelur dialeqtad/ena-kavad…
mcire istoriuli eqskursi:
enis statusis gansazRvrisa da qarTvelTa erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis Tval-
sazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa "iverielTa erTobis traqtati", romelsac 1790
wels xeli moaweres qarTl-kaxeTis, samegrelos, imereTisa da guriis mefe-mTavrebma; traqtat-
Si mkafiodaa naTqvami:
"vinaidan yovelTave iverielTa, msaxlobelTa samefosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa,
imerTa, odiSisa da guriisaTa aqvsT erT morwmuneoba, arian Svilni erTisa kaTolike
eklesiisagan Sobilni da erTisa enisa mqonebelni, aqvsT mavasxelobiTica ( - urTierTval-
debulebiTi - t.f.) siyvaruli viTarca sisxliT naTesavTa da moyvarobiT SekrulTa ur-
TierTTa Soris.
amisaTvis Cven zemoxsenebulad qveyanaTa iveriisa da mefeni da mTavarni damamtk-
icebelni saukunosa amis pirobisa saxeliT yovlad Zlierisa RvTisaTa aRvsTqvamT mtk-
icesa amas erTobasa, romelica TviTeulad SemdgomTa Sina hazrTa cxad iqmnebis..." na-
Telia: tradiciulad, qarTvelebi vTvlidiT, rom mxolod erTi enis mqoneni varT; sam-
wuxarod am da bevr sxva dokuments ar icnobs prof. v.boederi, romelic winaaRmdegobrivad
msjelobs 2005 wels gamoqveynebul werilSi "ena da kilo qarTvelologiaSi" (qarTveluri eT-
no-kulturuli istoriuli sinamdvilis araadekvaturma gaazrebam v.boederi miiyvana logi-
kur Cixamde; kerZod, "qarTulad mwerali lazis, megrelis, svanis Tanamonawileoba qarTul
literaturaSi" misTvis Tvisobriviad igivea, rac polonuri warmomavlobis konradis monawi-
leoba inglisurenovan literaturaSi; ix. v.boederi, 2005, gv. 231). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom wa-
rumatebelia v.boederis mizanswrafva, Seajamos qarTvelologiaSi mimdinare diskusia, vinai-
dan winaaRmdegobrivia misi "meTodologia" (germanulenovan samyaros sxva saklasifikacio
niSniT ganixilavs da qarTvelurs - sxva) da sakmarisad ver flobs saanalizo faqtebs; erTi ar-
sebiTi kiTxvac v.boederis mimarT: ratom uvlis is gverds im faqts, rom svanebic, zanebic, mes-
xebic, herebic da sxva qarTvelebic mravalsaukunovan kulturas qmnidnen saerToqarTvelu-
risgan momdinare qarTuli samwignobro eniT da ara erT romelime dialeqtze (germanelTa
msgavsad)?
samecniero literaturaSi zogjer uzustodaa warmodgenili vaxuSti batoniSvilis
"enobrivi poziciac" (vfiqrob, termin enis polisemanturobis [ena, metyveleba, kilo, stili]
gamo; vaxuStis zusti citireba da poziciis adekvaturi analizia mocemuli m.tabiZis naSrom-
Si "enobrivi situacia saqarTveloSi da qarTuli enis funqcionirebis sakiTxebi" (m.tabiZe,
2005, gv. 23-33; Sdr., v.boederi, 2005, gv. 203); kerZod, vaxuStis azriT, mesxs, megrels, svans, ka-
xels, hers... zogadad, yvela qarTvels aqvs "wigni da ena erTi-igive farnaoz pirvelisa
mefisgan qmnuli..." (vaxuSti, 1973, gv.291, 20-23); Sdr., aqve (gv.291,24-292,1) vaxuSti lapara-
kobs imerTa, mesxTa da her-kaxTa "enebis" Sesaxeb: "ra ena da wigni uwyi? mogigebs myis: qarTuli,
rameTu ara ityvis, arca rjulsa, enasa da wignsa imerTasa, anu mesxTa da her-kaxTasa, aramed
qarTulsa".
qarTveluri enobrivi erTeulebis statusis sakiTxi aqtualuri gaxda kavkasiaSi ruse-
Tis imperiis damkvidrebis Semdeg:
1811 wels ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandre pirvelma - saero xelisufalma - gadaayena
qarTl-kaxeTis kaTalokosi anton meore, gaauqma qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia da Seqmna sa-
egzarqoso, romelmac iarseba 1917 wlaamde. am periodSi iyo mravali mcdeloba, qarTuli saek-
lesio ena rusuliT an, regionebSi mainc, romelime qarTveluri kiloTi CaenacvlebinaT (g.ro-
gava, 1999, gv. 8-9; T.gvancelaZe, m.tabiZe, r.Serozia, r.Wanturia, 2001. garda amisa, kirile pet-
res Ze ianovskis iniciativiT (romelic iyo kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunveli 1879-1899
wlebSi) da kavkasiis mTavarmarTeblis dadgenilebiT 1881 wlis 11 ianvridan samegreloSi
swavlebis enad gamocxadda "megruli ena". 1884-85 wlebSi ruseTis imperiis struqturam - "kav-
kasiaSi marTlmadidebeli qristianobis aRmdgenma sazogadoebam" - samegrelosa da afxazeTSi
akrZala ara mxolod qarTul enaze swavleba, aramed qarTuli enis Seswavlac ki (analogiur
politikas dResac atarebs ruseTi da jerjerobiT amas samurzayanoSi axorcielebs). proce-
sis pirveli safexuri iyo terminologiuri diversia: istoriuli qarTuli enis megruli ki-
los - erT-erTi qarTveluri dialeqtis - damoukidebel enad gamocxadeba.
XIX saukunis meore naxevris qarTveli sazogado moRvaweni, zogadad qarTveloba (da
gansakuTrebiT samegrelos mosaxleoba) win aRudga imperiis mzakvrobas, rac kargad aris asa-
xuli am periodis periodul presaSi (mag., am antiqarTul movlenas maSinve gamoexmaura gazeTi
"droeba"). mxolod ambrosi xelaias citatas davimowmebT:
"cdilobdnen samegrelos skolebidan da eklesiebidan ganedevnaT qarTuli ena; am faqtma
"erovnulobis SenarCunebis Zalumi swrafva gamoaRviZa: megrelebi ganimsWvalen TavianTi
saliteraturo da saeklesio enis dacvis ideiT..." (a.xelaia, 1906, gv. 122-123); rusifika-
77
torTa sapasuxod samegrelosa da afxazeTis sasoflo sazogadoebebisgan gaigzavna ganCinebani
saeklesio-samrevlo skolebSi qarTuli enis swavlebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. eparqiis maswav-
lebelTa sabWom ganixila aRniSnuli ganCinebani, CaTvala isini pativiscemis Rirsad da daadgi-
na: "im samrevloTa skolebSi, sadac mosaxleoba laparakobs qarTuli enis megrul dia-
leqtze, qarTuli enis swavleba aucilebelia"... (a.xelaia, 1906, gv. 131-132).
kamaTi daiwyo samecniero wreebSi (vrclad ix., T.gvancelaZe, 2003; t.futkaraZe, 2005).
diskusiis ramdenime fragmentis warmodgenamde, yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT erT saintereso as-
peqtze:
XIX saukunis meore naxevrisa da XX saukunis sabWoTa periodamdel samecniero
literaturaSi arsebul gansxvavebul interpretaciaTagan megrulis, lazuris Tu sva-
nurisTvis enis statuss irCevdnen ruseTis xelisuflebis (da eklesiis) warmomadgenlebi,
xolo qarTveli sazogado moRvaweni am enobriv erTeulTa aRsaniSnavad kilos
iyenebdnen (Sdr., agreTve maSindeli terminebi: samSoblo ena da saTemo ena; maTTvis saTemo
ena iyo megrulic, imerulic, mesxuric, xevsurulic, svanuric...); amis Sesaxeb kargad wers T.sa-
xokia: "yvelas mogexsenebaT, rom megruli enis sakiTxi rusebis Semosvlamde ar arsebobda. es
sakiTxi gaCnda mas aqeT, rac rusebma saqarTveloSi fexi moikides. roca saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
samTavroebi gauqmda da Cveni samSoblos sxvadasxva nawilebi gaerTianda, rusis mTavrobam
igrZno am gaerTianebis saSiSroeba da gadawyda xelovnurad Seeqmna daqucmaceba Cvenis
qveynisa. 1870-ian wlebSi ieriSi mitanil iqna samegrelos skolebze. aq saministro skolebi-
dan qarTuli ena gamodevnil iyo, rogorc aradedaena...”
vfiqrobT, sakiTxis istoriiT dainteresebuli Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso iq-
neba, erTi mxriv, iv.javaxiSvilisa da n.maris kamaTis, meore mxriv iv.javaxiSvilisa da i.stalinis
"iribi paeqrobis", mesame mxriv ki - silovan xundaZisa da akaki SaniZis polemikis amsaxveli ram-
denime citata:
ivane javaxiSvili (1992, gv. 53-54): 1908 wels n. mari ambobda, rom iafetur enaTa Stos sa-
ukeTeso da damaxasiaTebel warmomadgenlad "qarTulsa da masTan Zmurad dakavSirebul
cocxal kilokavebs garda, ese igi egreT wodebul qarTebisa da iberTa jgufis (ukeT rom iT-
qvas qarTebisa, iberTa [igulisxmeba megrul-Wanuri] da svanTa jgufebs) garda, mkvdari enebic
Sedian"-o (n. mari, 1908, gv.1). maSasadame, im dros rodesac Tavisi Teoriis ZiriTadi debuleba-
ni pirvelad gamoaqveyna, n. marrisTvis megruli, Wanuri da svanuri qarTuli enis
"Zmurad dakavSirebuli cocxali kilokavebi", dialeqtebi iyo mxolod... n. maris zemo-
moyvanili debulebis Semdgom, mkiTxveli samarTlianad gaocebuli iqneba, rodesac missave
1912 w. sajarod warmoTqmulsa da dabeWdil sityvaSi "kavkasia da sulieri kulturis Zeglebi"
imave avtoris amgvar msjelobas Sehxvdeba: "qarTvelTmcodneni, qarTul nacionalur Sexedu-
lebaze damynobilni, ugulebels hyofdnen mTel rigs qarTulis, Tumca monaTesave, magram da-
moukidebel enebs, rogorc mag. svanurs, megruls, Wanurs da maT qarTulis `damaxinjebul"
Tqmad anu dialeqtad sTvlidnen"-o... avtors daviwyebia, rom amgvarive `nacionalisturi" Se-
xeduleba masac hqonda 1905 da 1908 wlebSi megruli, Wanuri da svanuri masac qarTulis
cocxal kilokavebad miaCnda".
Sdr., i.stalini (marqsizmi da nacionaluri sakiTxi; pirvelad gamoica v.leninis aqtiuro-
biT 1913 wels venaSi; Semdeg sagangebo wesiT gamoqveynda 1920, 1934 da 1951 wlebSi; vimowmebT
1951 wlis Tbilisis gamocemis mixedviT): "ar arsebobs eri, romelic erTsa da imave dros sxva-
dasxva enaze laparakobdes, magram es kidev imas ar niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba arsebobdes erT ena-
ze molaparake ori eri (gv. 18)"... "kulturul-nacionaluri avtonomia gulisxmobs cotaT Tu
bevrad ganviTarebul erovnebebs, ganviTarebuli kulturiT, literaturiT. uampirobod es
avtonomia yovelgvar mniSvnelobas kargavs, uazrobad iqceva. magram kavkasiaSi arian mTeli ri-
gi xalxebi, romelTac primitiuli kultura, gansakuTrebuli ena aqvT, magram mSobliur
literaturas moklebulni arian... ra vuyoT aseT xalxebs: megrelebs, afxazebs, aWarlebs,
svanebs, lekebs da sxv., romlebic sxvadasxva enaze laparakoben, magram TavianTi literatu-
ra ki ara aqvT?" (gv. 138-139)... "nacionaluri sakiTxi kavkasiaSi SeiZleba gadaiWras mxolod im
mimarTulebiT, rom dagvianebuli erebi da xalxebi (megrelebi, svanebi, aWarlebi...
xazgasma Cvenia - t.f.) umaRlesi kulturis saerTo kalapotSi movaqcioT"( gv. 142)...
s.xundaZe: "SaniZem unda icodes, rom qarTuli enis formebis Seswavlis dros maTi Seda-
reba monaTesave kilo-kavebis formebTan interess aorkecebs. garda amisa, saWiroa, rom Cvenma
mozardma Taobam icodes, rom megruli da svanuri enebi Stoebia qarTuli enisa da ara
gansxvavebuli enebi, rogorc amas ambobden da dResac amboben mterni da orgulni Cveni qvey-
nisa" (gazeTi "saxalxo saqme", 1919w., #709, gv. 2-3).
SeniSvna: silovan xundaZis qarTul gramatikas, romelic 7-jer iyo gamocemuli (V gamocema, 1917, quTai-
si; V1 gamocema, 1919, quTaisi; V11 Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema, "merani",quTaisi, 1920) bolos
darTuli aqvs "qarTuli enis kilokavebis (megrulisa da svanuris) gramatikuli formebi". s.xundaZe gar-
daicvala 1928 wels.
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 ruseTis enobrivi "diversia" sabWoTa periodSic gagrZelda. XX saukunis 20-ian da 30-ian
wlebSi sabWoTa ruseTis "enobrivi politikis" Sesaxeb zviad gamsaxurdia werda (frag-
mentebi werilidan "samegrelos sakiTxi", Tb., 1989): "1928 wlis TebervalSi moskovidan Camovi-
da ck kp (b)-s instruqtori pSenicini, romelmac moixila samegrelos soflebi da gamoitana
"obieqturi" daskvna: "megrel glexs unda mivceT skola, sasamarTlo da popularuli broSura
mSobliur enaze“ (`mSobliuri ena“ pSenicinisa da ZmaTa misTa terminologiiT, megrulia";
z.gamsaxurdia, 1989). 1928 wlis 25 dekembers saqarTvelos ck IV plenumze moismines pSenici-
nis moxseneba, sadac daisva sakiTxi "samegreloSi megrul enaze broSurebis gamocemis mizanSe-
wonilobis Sesaxeb" (a.aslaniSvili, 2005, gv. 32-33). ck-s mdivani kaxiani waaxalisa pSenicinis
mxriT gamxnevebam da gamoitana axali dadgenileba 1929 wlis marts megruli enis privilegie-
bis aRsadgenad skolaSi, sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisas, gazeTis gamocemis saqmeSi, am dadge-
nilebaSi megruls ukve ena ewoda da ara enakavi..." (z.gamsaxurdia, 1989)... "...vinc kargad icnobs
saqmis viTarebas, misTvis cxadia, rom amgvari separatistuli ideebis matarebeli yovelTvis
ukulturo, bneli adamianebi arian. romlebic Tavis umecrebaze ageben Tavis "doqtrinebs";
mag. erT-erTi musulmani - mesxi (sarvarovi) amtkicebs, TiTqos mesxebma I saukuneSi miiRes is-
lami da rom isini I saukuneebSive musulmanebi iyvnen, magram sakmarisia adamianma miiRos ele-
mentaruli ganaTleba, rom igi amgvar separatizms gmobs da emijneba. magaliTad, namdvil mu-
sulman mesxTa Soris saSualo da umaRlesdamTavrebulni erTxmad aRiareben, rom isini erov-
nebiT qarTvelebi arian; wera-kiTxvis ar mcodneni da uwignurni ki, rogorc wesi, Turqebad
Tvlian Tavs, vinaidan ver gaurCeviaT erTmaneTisgan erovneba da religia"... (z.gamsaxurdia,
1989).
sabWoTa imperias win aRudga samegrelos mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT am kuTxis Svili cno-
bili moRvaweebi; didma konstantine gamsaxurdiam ki qarTuli samwignobro enis qmnadobis
ZvelqarTuli tradiciis safuZvelze dResac aqtualuri Teoriuli moZRvreba Camoayaliba:
"Cemis azriT, unda xdebodes enis reparacia adgilobrivi dialeqtebis saSualebiT. unda
SemouSvaT qarTul (samwignobro) enaSi rogorc megrul-svanuri dialeqtebis sityvebi,
ise fSav-xevsuruli... vaJa-fSavelam am mxriv didi samsaxuri gauwia qarTul enas..." (konstanti-
ne gamsaxurdia, 1922; ix. aTtomeuli, 1983, t.VII, gv. 411); Sdr., agreTve: "XX saukunis mwerlo-
bam unda mogvces ilias qarTluris, akakis imerulis, vaJas fSauris, megrulisa da guruli
enobrivi elementebis sruli sinTezi. ai, es iqneba idealuri literaturuli qarTuli" (kon-
stantine gamsaxurdia, 1929; aTtomeuli, 1983, t.VII, gv. 499)...
kiTxvaze: ratom miaCndaT qarTvel moRvaweebs megruli, svanuri, lazuri... qarTuli
enis kiloebad, pasuxi erTia: ori dedaena ar arsebobs; yvela qarTvelis istoriuli dedae-
naa qarTuli; Sdr., istoriuli dedaena da eri urTierTganmsazRvreli cnebebia (da ara
mxolod Cveni winaprebisTvis):
grigol orbeliani: "ra ena waxdes, eri daeces";
ilia WavWavaZe: "ena istoriaa erisa, pirveli niSani eris vinaobisa - enaa";
vaJa-fSavela: "eri dedaa enisa";
zviad gamsaxurdia: "qarTulSi, iseve rogorc sxva Zvel enebSi, ena mxolod enas ki
ar niSnavda, aramed xalxs, erovnebas, modgmas";
Sdr.: v.humboltis, l.vaisgerberis, g.ramiSvilisa da mraval sxvaTa mixedviT, eri
ganimarteba, rogorc enobrivi erToba; Sdr., agreTve, g.ramiSvili, 2000, gv.172: "ena
sxva araferia, Tu ara eris msoflxedva" (vrclad ix. t.futkaraZe, 2005)...
da, bolos:
mocemuli sazogadoebis TviTaRqmis imperiuli "koreqtireba" warmatebiT xorcielde-
ba akademiuri ganaTlebis ar arsebobis/deficitis pirobebSi; ganaTlebisa da TviTaRqmis mi-
marTeba lazebis magaliTze ganvixiloT:
mravalwaxnagovani istoriuli kataklizmebis gamo, lazebs sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv
da kulturul velSi uxdebaT cxovreba. Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia sakuTari warsulis cod-
nis xarisxic, rac pirdapirproporciulad aisaxeba erovnul-enobrivi TviTaRqmis faqtoreb-
ze; kerZod: lazTa erTi nawili (ZiriTadad, sarfisa da gonio-axalsoflis mkvidrni) ar mow-
yvetila qarTvelur kulturul-saxelmwifoebriv vels; Sesabamisad, am mosaxleobam icis, rom
megrelTa, kaxelTa, mesxTa, fxovelTa... msgavsad, isinic arian erTiani qarTveluri kulturisa
da saerToqarTvelur enobriv struqturaze dafuZnebuli mwignobrobis avtorebi; maTTvis
kargadaa cnobili, rom saqarTvelos mefeebis didi nawilis garda, lazur-Wanur-megruli war-
moSobisani iyvnen qarTveluri kulturis Semqmnelebi iovane lazi, ioane minCxi, stefane sana-
noisZe, ioane petriwi, iovane maruSisZe, Wyondidlebi... dadianebi, Ciqovanebi, gamsaxurdiebi
da mravali sxva. lazTa meore nawili aRizarda TurqeTis saxelmwifoSi. mas daviwyebuli
aqvs Tavisi kilo da, Turquli ganaTlebis sistemis Sesabamisad, Tavs Turqad miiCnevs. TurqeT-
sa da evropaSi moRvawe lazTa mesame nawilisaTvis ucnobia (bunebrivia, ara yvelasaTvis!) sa-
79
erToqarTveluri kulturis qmnadobis procesSi laz-megrelTa monawileoba, magram maT ici-
an, rom lazebi enobriv-eTnikurad arsebiTad gansxvavdebian Turqebisagan. lazTa es jgufi sa-
kuTari metyvelebis bazaze cdilobs axla Seqmnas samwignobro ena da "gadaarCinos" TavisTava-
doba.
saqarTvelos amJamindeli sazRvrebis gareT mcxovreb qarTvelebs xSirad ara aqvT in-
formacia sakuTari istoriis/kulturis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis pirobebSi Zneli
araa samecniero codnis gansazogadoebrioba; Cvens SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis
keTilmezobluri urTierTobis pirobebSi unda Seiqmnas obieqturi samecniero informa-
ciis gacvlis veli, romelic yvela lazs saSualebas miscems icodes:
1. kolxuri (kolxur-yobanuri) arqeologiuri kulturis sazRvrebi cxadyofs, kolxuri
saxelmwifo ocze met qarTvelur toms aerTianebda da Tavisi arsiT qarTveluri (zogadqar-
Tuli) xasiaTisaa.

2. qarTveluri samwignobro ena efuZneba saerTo qarTvelur enobriv koines da ara qar-
Tlurs, kaxurs, an sxva romelime qarTvelur kilos; pirveli qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebi
SemorCenilia iovane lazis monasterSi, qarTuli himnografiis fuZemdebelia aseve lazi/meg-
reli ioane minCxi da sxv.

3. saqarTvelos gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos ideologebi da winamZRolebi metwilad iy-

vnen laz-megruli warmoSobis didgvarovnebi (bagrationebi, Wyondidlebi da sxva);

4. lazTa folklorSi (msgavsad imerxevelTa, taoelTa, svanTa, herTa, kaxTa...) gamorCeu-

lad pativsacemi adgili uWiravs erTiani saqarTvelos did mefes - Tamars; qarTvelTa saerTo
istoriis amsaxveli es masala i.yifSiZis mier erTi saukunis winaa Cawerili.
...am da sxva analogiuri faqtebis codna obieqtur vels Seqmnis lazTa
TviTaRqmisaTvis. yovel sazogadoebriv jgufs/erTobas (bunebrivia, lazebsac) aqvT
ufleba, icodnen TavianTi warmomavloba.
eTno-kulturuli warsulis obieqturi codnis xarisxi gansazRvravs pirovnebisa Tu sa-
zogadoebis erovnul TviTmikuTvnebas (identobas), obieqturi TviTaRqma ki mSvidobiani Ta-
nacxovrebis safuZvelia.

80
 literatura:

a.aslaniSvili, 2005 - a. aslaniSvili, megrelTa saqme, 2005

v.boederi, 2005 - v. boederi, ena da kilo qarTvelologiaSi; enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 2005
k.gabunia, 2004 - k. gabunia, qarTveluri enebis klasifikaciis sakuTriv lingvisturi da sociolin-
gvisturi kriteriumebis gamijnisaTvis; enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2004
j.gamaxaria, 2005 - Материалы по церковной и этнополитической истории Абхазии. Посольство Федота
Елчина и Павла Захариева в Мегрелию 1639-1640. Для издания подготовил, предисловием,
комментариями и словарем снабдил Дж. Гамахариа. Тбилиси, 2005.
T.gvancelaZe, 2000 – T.gvancelaZe, enaTa funqcionireba polieTnikur regionSi marTvadi enobrivi
politikis pirobebSi; qarTveluri memkvidreoba, IV, quTaisi, 2000
T.gvancelaZe, 2003 – T.gvancelaZe, enaTa genealogiuri klasifikaciis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi da
qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro; qarTveluri memkvidreoba, VII, quTaisi, 2003
T.gvancelaZe, m.tabiZe, r.Serozia, r.Wanturia, 2001 - T.gvancelaZe, m.tabiZe, r.Serozia, r.Wanturia,
RvTismsaxurebisa da ganaTlebis ena, rogorc rusifikatoruli politikis ganxorcielebis
saSualeba; qarTveluri memkvidreoba, V, quTaisi, 2001
z. gamsaxurdia, 1976 - zviad gamsaxurdia, warmouTqmeli sityva, oqros sawmisi, # 4, 1976 weli (vi-
mowmebT 2006 wels m.arCvaZe-gamsaxurdias redaqtorobiT gamoqveynebuli krebulidan "oq-
ros sawmisi", gv. 406).
z. gamsaxurdia, 1989 - zviad gamsaxurdia, samegrelos sakiTxi, literaturuli saqarTvelo, 3 noem-
beri, 22 dekemberi, 1989
r.TofCiSvili, 2002 - r.TofCiSvili, qarTvelTa eTnikuri istoria da saqarTvelos istoriul-eT-
nografiuli mxareebi, Tb., 2002
n.mari 1905 - n. mari, qarTvelTa erovneba, quTaisi, 1905
S. megreliZe, 1963 - S. megreliZe, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriidan, Tb. 1963
g.meliqiSvili, 1970 - g. meliqiSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. I, Tb., 1970
g.ramiSvili, 2000 - g.ramiSvili, dedaenis Teoria, Tb., 2000
g.rogava, 1999 - g.rogava, ruseTis saeklesio politika saqarTveloSi (1801-1917). sadoqtoro di-
sertaciis avtoreferati, Tb., 1999
T.saxokia, 1992 - Tedo saxokia, Tqven raRas misdevT?!, mimoxilviTa da mcire SesavliT ("warsuli aw-
myos samsaxurSi") gamoqveynda 1992 wlis 12 seqtembers "saqarTvelos respublikaSi"
i. stalini 1951 - i.stalini, marqsizmi da nacionaluri sakiTxi, Tb., 1951
m.tabiZe, 1999 - m.tabiZe, politikis miznebi "enaTa omebSi", macne #1-4, enisa da literaturis seria
(saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali),. Tbilisi, 1999
m.tabiZe, 2000 - m.tabiZe, terminologiuri siZneleebi da enobrivi politika saqarTveloSi, XX
respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis masalebi, zugdidi, 2000, 20-21 oqtom-
beri;
m.tabiZe, 2005 - m.tabiZe, enobrivi situacia saqarTveloSi da qarTuli enis funqcionirebis sakiT-
xebi, Tb., 2005
t. futkaraZe, 2005 - t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, quTaisi, 2005
a.xelaia 1906 - ambrosi (xelaia) ruseTis saeklesio politikis Sesaxeb afxazeTSi, Tb., 2005 (gamosa-
cemad moamzada n.papuaSvilma)
iv.javaxiSvili, 1979 - iv. javaxiSvili, t. I, Tb., 1979
iv. javaxiSvili 1992 - iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba da naTesa-
oba, Tb., 1992
a.jafariZe, 1996 - a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I-III, Tb., 1996-1984

wakiTxulia moxsenebad iberiul-kavkasiuri

saerTaSoriso samecniero centris
seminarze 2006 wlis 20 ianvars

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