kuzk;

capu;njOjy;

eufk;

`hUd; a`;ah
mwpKfk;
kuzk;… mJ ve;j Neuj;jpYk; Vw;glyhk;. ahUf;F njhpAk;. ePq;fs; ,e;j fl;Liuia thrpj;J
nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j NtisapYk; Vw;glyhk;. my;yJ ePq;fs; vjph; ghh;f;Fk; Neuj;jpw;F Kd;ghfTk;
Vw;glyhk;.

,e;j thpfs; - cq;fis kuzk; Ritg;gjw;F Kd;ghd filrp re;jh;gkhfNth my;yJ filrp
epidT+l;lyhfNth my;yJ filrp vr;rhpf;ifahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ePq;fs; ,e;j thpfis thrpf;Fk;
NghJ mLj;j kzpj;jpahsj;jpy; ePq;fs; capUld; ,Ug;gPh;fsh vd;W cq;fSf;F njhpahJ. mt;thW
ePq;fs; capUld; ,Ue;jhYk; cq;fSf;F ,d;ndhU kzpj;jpahsj;ij cj;juthjk; mspf;f ahuhYk;
KbahJ. cq;fs; tho;ifia xU kzpj;jpahsj;ij nfhz;Nlh my;yJ xU kzpj;Jspia nfhz;Nlh
cj;juthjk; mspf;f KbahJ. ePq;fs; ,e;j Gj;jfj;ij KOikahf gbj;J Kbg;gPh;fsh vd;W
cq;fSf;F njhpahJ. kuzk; mJ ve;j Neuj;jpYk; cq;fis te;jilAk;. mJ ePq;fs; kuzj;ij
gw;wp rpe;jpg;gjw;F rpy JspfSf;F Kd;ghf te;jilAk;.

ePq;fs; kuzkiltJ cWjp. ePq;fs; Nerpg;gth;fSk; kuzj;ij Ritj;Nj jPh;thh;fs;. ePq;fs;

mth;fSf;F Kd;G my;yJ mth;fs; cq;fSf;F Kd;ghfNth kuzpg;ghh;fs;. ,d;wpypUe;J 100
Mz;LfSf;F gpd;G cq;fSf;F njhpe;j xU Mj;khTk; ,e;j cyfpy; ,Uf;fhJ..

kdpjdpd; vz;zj;ij vy;iyapy;yh fdTfs; Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd. ghlrhiy fy;tpia Kbj;J

– fy;Yhhp – gl;lk; – ey;y njhopy; - jpUkzk; - gps;isfs; - epk;kjpahd tho;if. ……,itjhd;
kdpjdpd; tphpe;j rhjhuz Mirfshf cs;sJ. ,it jtpu kdpjdpd; re;jh;g #o;epiyfSf;F Vw;g
,d;Dk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd Mirfs; kdpjdpy; tphpe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

kdpj tho;tpy; eilngWk; rpy cWjpahd epfo;Tfspy; kuzKk; xd;W. ,J 100 tPjk; cWjp.

gy tUl tplh Kaw;rpapd; fhuzkhf fy;Yhhpapy; ,lk; gpbj;j khztd; tFg;giwf;F NghFk; topapy;
kuzkhfpwhd;. njhopiy ngw;W nfhz;l xUth; Kjy; ehs; Ntisf;F NghFk; topapy; kuzkhfpwhh;.
GJ kz jk;gjpahpd; tho;ifia rhiy tpgj;J gwpj;J nfhs;fpwJ. jdJ Neuj;ij Nrkpf;Fk;
Nehf;fpy; tpkhdj;jpy; gwf;Fk; tpahghhp xUth;-me;j tpkhdNk mtuJ tho;iff;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;Fk;
vd;gij mwpakhl;lhh;.

mj;jifa re;jh;gq;fspy; Mirfs; epiwNtwhky; Njq;fp epw;fpd;wd. mth;fs; mth;fsJ Mirfis

xUNghJk; epiwNtwhJ vd;w epiyapy; tpl;L tpl;L - ,dpNky; xUNghJk; jpUk;g Kbahj xU
,yf;if Nehf;fp nry;fpwhh;fs;. me;j ,lk; mth;fs; xUNghJk; epidj;J ghh;j;jplhj ,lkhf
,Uf;fpwJ. gy tUlq;fs; gy kzpNeuq;fs; nrytopj;J mth;fs; jPl;ba fw;gidfs; nray;gLj;j
Kbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; epr;rakhf elf;f ,Uf;Fk; xd;iw rpe;jpf;f kwe;J
tpl;lhh;fs;.

,t;thwhd #o;epiyapy; rpe;jpf;Fk; kdrhl;rpAs;s kdpjd; vjw;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;?

cWjpahf elf;f ,Uf;Fk; xd;Wf;fh my;yJ rpy Ntis elf;f$Lk; vd;w xd;Wf;fh? MdhYk;
ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fs; cWjpahf elf;Fk; vd;W $wKbahj xd;Wf;Nf Kd;Dhpik toq;Ftij ehk;
ghh;f;fpNwhk;. mth;fs; tho;tpd; ve;j epiyapy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mij tpl rpwe;j tskhd
vjph;fhyj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L fbdkhf rpe;jpf;fpwhh;fs;.

kdpjd; rhfh tuk; ngw;wtdhf ,Ue;jhy; mtdJ Mirfis epahag;gLj;jyhk;. cz;ik

vd;dntd;why; Mirfs; midj;jpw;Fk;; kuzk; Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;J tpLfpwJ. MfNt elf;fNth
my;yJ elf;fhky; Nghff;$ba MirfSf;fhf vkJ KO ftdj;ijAk; nrYj;jp cWjpahf
elf;f$ba kuzj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpf;fhky; tpLtJ kpfg;ngUk; klikahFk;.
,jw;F fhuzk; kdpjd; mtdJ kdij mlf;f Kbahj Mirfis nfhz;L mbik gLj;jp
,Ug;gjhy; ,e;j njspthd cz;ikia ftdpf;fhky; tpl;LtpLfpwhd;.

,t;thwhd #o;epiyapy; mth;fs; jq;fsJ cz;ikahd tho;if kuzj;jpd; gpwF njhlq;FfpwJ vd;w
cz;ikia tpsq;fp nfhs;tjpy;iy. mjw;fhf jq;fis jahh; gLj;jpf;nfhs;tJkpy;iy. mjdhy;
mth;fs; kPz;Lk; caph;ngw;W vOe;jJk; eufj;ij jtpu NtW vq;Fk; nry;tJkpy;iy. mJ
mth;fSf;fhf tpNrlkhf jahhpf;fg;gl;l ,lkhFk;. ,e;j Gj;jfk; vOjg;gl;l Nehf;fk; - kdpjd;
rpe;jpf;f kWf;Fk; xd;iw rpe;jpf;f itf;fTk; - epr;rakhf rj;jpakhf elf;f ,Uf;Fk; xd;iw gw;wp
vr;rhpg;gjw;FkhFk;. mij rpe;jpf;f kWg;gJ ve;j tifapYk; jPh;thf mikahJ.

%lek;gpf;iffSk; cz;ikfSk;
kdpjd; tuyhw;wpy; kpf fbdkhd gpur;rpidfis rhJh;akhf rkhspj;J te;Js;shd;. Mdhy;
kuzj;ij kl;Lk; mtdhy; nty;y Kbatpy;iy. rpyh; ,sikapYk; kw;Wk; rpyh; Foe;ij epiyapYk;
kuzpf;fpwhh;fs;. NtW rpyh; tho;tpd; midj;J epiyfisAk; fle;J mth;fsJ ,Wjp fhyj;jpy;
kuzpf;fpwhh;fs;. kdpjid mtdJ nrhj;JfNsh - gjtpfNsh - GfNoh - kfj;JtNkh - nry;thf;Nfh
my;yJ mtdJ mofpa Njhw;wNkh mtid te;jilAk; kuzj;ij tpl;Lk; mtid fhg;ghw;whJ.
kdpjh;fs; midtUk; ve;j ghFghbd;wp kuzj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; cjtpaw;wth;fshfNt cs;sdh;.
mt;thnw filrp tiu ,Ug;ghh;fs;.

kdpjh;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; kuzj;ij rpe;jpg;gjpypUe;J jtph;e;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; xUehs;

me;j cz;ikahd KbT mth;fis te;jilAk;. kuzj;ij gw;wp epidf;fhky; ,Ug;gJ mth;fis
kuzj;ij tpl;Lk; ghJfhf;Fk; vd;w %lek;gpf;ifapy; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. jpdKk; eilngWk;
fye;Jiuahly;fspy; ahh; xUth; kuzj;ij gw;wp Ngr Kw;gl;lhYk; mth; Ngr;ir njhlutplhky;
jLf;fg;gLfpwhh;. vth; kuzj;ij gw;wp NgRfpwhNwh – mth; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh - ,iwtdJ
mj;jhl;rpfis epidT $h;e;J – kdpjh;fspd; ghh;itia %bAs;s fbdkhd jpiuia rw;W
mfw;Wfpwhh;. Jzpthd tho;if tho $bath;fsplk; ,e;j cz;ik $wg;gl;lhy; mth;fs;
ftiygLfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; kuz gaj;jpypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kw;gl;l NghjpYk; kuzk; mth;fis
tpl;LtpLtjpy;iy. vjw;Fk; ftiy glhky; ,Uf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikahdJ mth;fs; kuzpf;Fk; NghJk; -
epaha jPh;g;G ehspYk; - Kbtpy;yh Ntjidapd; NghJk; gaj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk;.

Neuk; kdpjDf;F vjpuhfNt nray;gLfpwJ. tNahjpgj;ijAk; kuzj;ijAk; vjph;j;j kdpjid

Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpwPh;fsh? my;yJ kuzj;ij ghh;jplhj vtiuahtJ cq;fSf;F njhpAkh ? ,J
rhj;jpakw;w xd;W ! rhj;jpakw;wJ vd;gjd; nghUs; kdpjDf;F mtdJ cly; my;yJ mtdJ
tho;ifapd; kPJ vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;iy. kdpjd; mtdJ gpwg;ig jPh;khdpf;ftpy;iy vd;gjd;
%yk; cz;ik njspthfpwJ. NkYk; mtdhy; kuzj;ij nty;yKbahky; ,Ug;gJ ,d;ndhW rhd;whf
cs;sJ. tho;ifapd; nrhe;jf;fhund kdpjDf;F tho;it nfhLf;fpwhd;. mtd; tpUk;Gk; Neuj;jpy;
mij jpUk;g ngw;W nfhs;fpwhd;. tho;tpd; nrhe;jf;fhudhd ,iwtd; - mtdJ JhjUf;F mUspa
Ntjj;jpy; ,ij kdpjDf;F mwptpf;fpwhd;

(egpNa!) ckf;F Kd;dH ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; (mtd;) vd;nwd;Dk; ,Uf;ff;$ba epj;jpa

tho;it ehk; (,q;F) nfhLf;ftpy;iy¢ MfNt ePH khpj;jhy; mtHfs; kl;Lk; vd;nwd;Wk; thog;
NghfpwhHfsh? (]_wh md;gpah : 34)

,e;j re;jh;gj;jpy; cyfpy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; caph; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jd; %yk;
Kjy; kdpjd; gilf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J vz;zpylq;fhj kf;fs; Njhd;wp kiwe;Js;shh;fs; vd;gij
Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mth;fs; midtUk; tpjp tpyf;fpd;wp kuzpj;Js;shh;fs;. MfNt Kd; nrd;w
kf;fSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; capUld; ,Ug;gth;fSf;Fk; kuzk; epr;rakhd xd;whf cs;sJ. ,e;j
cz;ikahd Kbit ahuhYk; jtph;f;f KbahJ. Fh;Md; $WfpwJ :

xt;NthH Mj;khTk; kuzj;ijr; Rfpj;Nj MfNtz;Lk;¢ md;wpAk; - ,Wjpj; jPHg;G ehspy; jhd;>
cq;f(s; nra;iff)Sf;Fhpa gpujp gyd;fs; KOikahff; nfhLf;fg;gLk;¢ vdNt vtH (euf)
neUg;gpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;Lr; RtHf;fj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;FkhW nra;ag;gLfpwhNuh mtH epr;rakhf
ntw;wpaile;J tpl;lhH¢ ,t;Tyf tho;f;if kaf;fj;ij mspf;fty;y (mw;g ,d;gg;)
nghUNsad;wp Ntwpy;iy. (]_wh My-,k;uhd;. :185)

kuzj;ij nfl;l rFzkhf my;yJ jw;nrayhd nray; vd epidj;jy;

kuzk; jw;nrayhd xd;wy;y. mJ kw;w midj;J epfo;Tfis Nghd;W ,iwtdJ fl;lisf;F Vw;g
eilngWfpwJ. kdpjDila gpwe;j jpfjp jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lij Nghd;W mtdJ kuzj;jpd; filrp
epkplKk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;l xt;nthU kzpNeuj;ijAk; xt;nthU
epkplj;ijAk; fle;J mtdJ filrp epkplj;ij Nehf;fp tpiue;J nry;fpwhd;. xUtdJ kuzk; - ,lk;
- Neuk; - kuzpf;Fk; ,lk; Mfpait Kd;Ng jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.

kuzj;ij gw;wpa KO mwpTk; ,iwtd; xUtDf;F kl;LNk cs;s epiyapy; mjpfkhd kf;fs;
kuzj;ij njhlh;e;J eilngw;w gy epfo;Tfspd; ,Wjp epiyNa kuzk; vd;fpd;wdh;. kuz nra;jpfs;
xt;nthU ehSk; gj;jphpf;iffspy; te;J nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ. ,tw;iw gbj;J Kbf;Fk; NghJ – “
jFe;j Kd; vr;rhpf;if vLj;jpUe;jhy; mth; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;bUg;ghh;” my;yJ “,t;thW ele;jpUe;jhy;
mth; ,we;jpUf;f khl;lhh;” Nghd;w mwptw;w thjq;fis nrtpAWtPh;fs;. kdpjDf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l
Neuk; Kbe;J tpl;lhy; - mtd; xU epkplk; Ke;jTk; khl;lhd; gpe;jTk; khl;lhd;. Mdhy; ek;gpf;ifaw;w
kf;fs; kuzj;ij jw;nrayhd nray; vd;Nw fUJfpwhh;fs;. ,iwtd; Fh;Mdpy; ,j;jifa
gFj;jwptw;w tpsf;fq;fis vr;rhpf;fpd;whd;. ,J Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpg;gth;fSf;F Gjpa tplakhfNt
,Uf;Fk;.

tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fs; epuhfhpg;Nghiug; Nghd;W MfptplhjPHfs;¢ G+kpapy; gpuahzk; nra;Ak;NghNjh

my;yJ Nghhpy; <Lgl;Nlh (kuzkile;j) jk; rNfhjuHfisg; gw;wp (me;epuhfhpg;NghH)
$Wfpd;wdH: 'mtHfs; ek;KlNd ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; kuzk; mile;Njh> nfhy;yg;gl;Nlh
NghapUf;fkhl;lhHfs;" vd;W> Mdhy; my;yh`; mtHfs; kdjpy; Vf;fKk; ftiyAk;
cz;lhtjw;fhfNt ,t;thW nra;fpwhd;¢ NkYk;> my;yh`;Nt capHg;gpf;fpwhd;¢ mtNd khpf;fr;
nra;fpwhd;¢ ,d;Dk; my;yh`; ePq;fs; nra;git midj;ijAk; ghHg;gtdhfNt ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
(]_whMy ,k;uhd;:156)

kuzk; jw;nrayhdJ vd;w thjk; mwptw;wjhFk;. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,iw thf;fpd; mbg;gilapy;
,J kdpjDf;F kpfg;ngUk; Md;kPf Jd;gj;ijAk; NtjidiaANk jUfpwJ. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;Fk;;
my;yJ Fh;Mid ek;g kWg;gth;fSf;Fk; jq;fsJ md;Gf;Fhpa xUtiu ,og;gjhdJ kpf fbdkhd
NtjidahfNt ,Uf;Fk;. kuzj;ij nfl;l rFzj;NjhL my;yJ ftdkpd;ikNahL
rk;ge;jg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; kuzj;ij nty;yyhk; vd;W epidfpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa rpe;jid mth;fsJ
Jd;gj;ijAk; NtjidiaAk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,J mth;fsJ ek;gpf;ifapd;ikahy; Vw;gl;l
NtjidahFk;

kuzk; Vw;gl tpgj;JfNsh Neha;fNsh my;yJ NtW vJTk; fhuzky;y. ,it midj;ijAk;
nra;gtd; ,iwtd; kl;LNk. ek;Kila Neuk; Kbe;jTld; Nkw;$wg;gl;l fhuzpfis nfhz;L vkJ
tho;T KbT ngWfpwJ. xUtdJ Nrkpg;Gfis nfhz;L xU Kr;R fhw;iw thq;f KbahJ. ,iwtd;
jdJ Ntjj;jpy; ,ij njspthf Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;.

ve;j Md;khTk; (Kd;dNu) vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk; jtizf;F ,zq;f> my;yh`;tpd; mDkjpapd;wp>

kuzpg;gjpy;iy¢ vtNuDk; ,e;j cyfj;jpd; gyid (kl;Lk;) tpUk;gpdhy;> ehk; mtUf;F
mjpypUe;Nj toq;FNthk;¢ ,d;Dk; vtH> kWikapd; ed;ikia tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtUf;F
mjpypUe;J toq;FNthk;¢ ed;wpAilNahUf;F mjp rPf;fukhf ew;$yp nfhLf;fpNwhk;. (]_wh
My ,k;uhd; :145)

Vf ,iwtd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fsf;F ,t;Tyfk; jw;fhypfkhdJ vd;W njhpAk;. mtd;

,t;Tyfpy; mDgtpf;Fk; midj;Jk; ,iwtdJ fUiz vd;W epidf;fpwhd;. ,iwtd; epidf;Fk;
Neuj;jpy; mtdJ capiu ifg;gw;wp ,iwtd; epidf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; mtdJ nray;fSf;fhd
fzf;Ffis Nfl;;ghd; vd;W mtDf;F njhpAk;. mtd; ,iwtdJ ew;fUizia ngUk; nghUl;L
mtdJ tho;it tho;e;jjd; fhuzkhf – mtd; kuzj;ij fz;L mQ;Rtjpy;iy. ekJ J}jh;
,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;

Ihgph; gpd; mg;Jy;yh mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;: ,iwtDila Jhjh; njho njhlq;fpa NghJ ,t;thW
$wpdhh;fs;> “,iwtd; kpfg;nghpatd;. gpwF epr;rakhf vdJ tzf;fk; vdJ tho;T vdJ
kuzk; midj;Jk; midj;J cyfq;fspdJk; ,iwtDf;Nf vd;whh;fs;. (jph;kpjp : 262)
 tpjp gw;wp jtwhd nfhs;if
kdpjh;fspilNa tpjp gw;wp gy jtwhd fUj;Jfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ xUth; “tpjpia
khw;wyhk;” my;yJ “tpjpia nty;yyhk;” Nghd;w gy mwptw;w vz;zq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kdpjh;fs;
jq;fSila vjph;ghh;GfSk; vz;zq;fSNk tpjp vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. rpy mwptw;wth;fs; mth;fs;
epidj;jthW xd;W eilngwhtpl;lhy; tpjp khwptpLk; vd;W ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; tpjpia Kd;$l;bNa
mwptjd; %yk; mtw;iw jtph;j;J tplyhk; vd;W rpe;jpj;J nray;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,it tpjp vd;why; vd;d
vd;W mwpahj FWfpa rpe;jid nfhz;lth;fspd; khRgl;l rpe;jidahFk;.

tpjp vd;gJ fle;j fhy kw;Wk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilngWk; midj;J epfo;Tfis gw;wpa ,iwtdJ
kjpEl;g gilg;ghFk;. Xd;Wkpy;yhj (nothingless) xU epiyapy; ,iwtNd ,lj;ijAk; (space)
fhyj;ijAk; (time) gilj;jhd;. mtNd ,lj;ijAk; fhyhj;ijAk; jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;
itj;Js;shd;. Mdhy; ,it ,uz;Lk; ,iwtid fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ. gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ele;j
epfo;TfSk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilngw ,Uf;Fk; epfo;TfSk; xt;nthU epkplKk; ,iwtdhy; ed;F
jpl;lkplg;gl;L gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Neuj;ij gilj;jtd; ,iwtNd. Mdhy; mJ mtid fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ. mijNghd;W, mtd;

gilj;jtw;iw mtd; fz;fhzpf;fpwhd;. ,jdbg;gilapy; ,iwtd; xU epfo;T KbTWk; tiu
fhj;jpUg;ghd; vd;W $WtJ jtwhFk;. Vnddpy; mtdJ fz;Nzhl;ljpjpy; xU epfo;tpd; Muk;gKk;
KbTk; rkkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mijNghd;W ,e;j epfo;tpd; tpjp ve;j gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ vd;gjpy;
ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. vy;yhKk; Vw;fdNt epfo;e;J Kbe;J tpl;lJ. ,ij glr;RUs; xd;Wld;
xg;gplyhk;. glr;RUspy; gjpag;gl;l glq;fshy; (images) glr;RUSf;F vt;tpj khw;wj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;jKbahJ. ,e;j tpjpapd; RUspy; gjpag;gl;l njhlh; epfo;Tfis md;whl tho;f;if thof;$ba
kdpjdhy; khw;w KbahJ. kdpjdhy; tpjpf;F vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j KbahJ. mjw;F khwhf
kdpjdpd; tho;ifia jPhpkhdpf;Fk; fhuzpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. kdpjd; tpjpapd; xU mq;fNk jtpu
mjpypUe;J tpLgl;L Rakhf nray;glf;$batd; my;yd;. kdpjdhy; tpjpapd; vy;iyia jhz;b nry;y
KbahJ. ,ij Ghpe;J nfhs;s jpiuglj;jpy; ebf;ff;$ba ebfNdhL kdpjid xg;gplyhk;. jpiuapy;
Njhd;wf;$ba ebfd; jpiuglj;jpypUe;J ntspNa Fjpj;J mtDf;F gpbf;fhj fhl;rpfis ePf;fptpl;L
Gjpa fhl;rpfis Nrh;j;J nfhs;tJ Nghd;wjhFk;. ,J cz;ikapy; mwptw;w thjkhFk;.

,ij Nghd;W tpjpia nty;tJ my;yJ epfo;Tfis jpirjpUg;Gjy; Nghd;w fUj;Jfs; jtwhdit.
“ehd; vdJ tpjpia ntd;wtd;” vd;W nrhy;gtd; - mtd; jd;id jhNd Vkhw;wp nfhs;fpwhd;.
mtd; mt;thW nrhy;tJk; tpjpapd; fhuzkhfNt.

xUth; Nfhkh epidthw;wy; mw;w epiyapy; gy ehl;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. mth; RfkiltJ fbdkhf
Njhd;wyhk;. rpyNtiy mth; Fzkile;jhy; mth; tpjpia ntd;Wtpl;lhh; vd;Nwh my;yJ
itj;jpah;fs; mtuJ tpjpia khw;wp tpl;lhh;fs; vd;W mh;j;jk; nfhs;s KbahJ. ,jd; nghUs; mtuJ
Neuk; ,d;Dk; Kbatpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. mth; FzkiltJ mtuJ vOjg;gl;l tpjp. mtuJ tpjp kw;w
kdpjh;fis Nghd;W ,iwtdJ fz;fhzpg;gpy; vOjg;gl;ljhFk;.

md;wpAk; my;yh`;jhd; cq;fis (Kjypy;) kz;zhy; gilj;jhd;¢ gpd;dH xU Jsp

,e;jphpaj;jpypUe;J - gpd; cq;fis (Mz;> ngz;) N[hbahf mtd; Mf;fpdhd;> mtd; mwpahky;
ve;jg; ngz;Zk; fHg;gk; jhpg;gJkpy;iy¢ gpurtpg;gJkpy;iy. ,t;thNw xUtUila taJ
mjpfkhf;fg;gLtJk;> mtUila tajpypUe;J Fiwg;gJk; (yt;`{y; k`;/G+s; vd;Dk;) Vl;by;
,y;yhkypy;iy¢ epr;rakhf ,J my;yh`;Tf;F vspjhdNjahFk;. (]_wh gh/jph; : 11)

egpfs; ehafk; xUKiw $wpdhh;fs;:

,iwtd; cq;fsJ tho;itAk; cq;fSf;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l ehs;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaAk;

Mfhuq;fisAk; Vw;fsNt jPh;khdpj;Jtpl;lhd;. me;j jtizia Kw;gLj;jTk; khl;lhd;
gpw;gLj;jTk; khl;lhd;. (K];ypk; 64385)
,j;jifa epfo;Tfs; Kyk; ,iwtd; kdpjDf;F jdJ gilg;Gfspd; kPJs;s vy;iyaw;w ghrj;ijAk;
mtdJ Mw;wiyAk; Ez;zwpitAk; fhl;LtJld; kdpjid ghPl;rpj;Jk; ghh;f;fpwhd;. mtdJ
tpjtpjkhd gilg;Gfs; kdpjid gpukpf;f itg;gJld; kdpjdJ ek;gpf;ifia mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,it
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis mth;fsJ ,Wf;fkhd kdepiy fhuzkhf Fog;gj;ijAk; tpag;igAk;
Vw;gLj;JtJld; ,iwtid NkYk; fLikahf vjph;f;Fk; jd;ikia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,Nj Neuk;
ek;gpf;ifaw;wth;fspd; mrl;Ljdkhd nrayhdJ epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis tpl ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fis mwpT
kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;L Nkd;ikgLj;jpa ,iwtDf;F NkYk; ed;wp nrYj;j top nra;fpwJ.

80 tajpy; kuzpg;gtiu tpjp vd;W nrhy;gth;fs; xU Foe;ij my;yJ ,staJ thypgh; kuzpj;jhy;
mij “Nrhfkhd epfo;T” vd;fpd;wdh;. kuzj;ij ,aw;ifahd epfo;thf vLf;fhky; mth;fshy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l fhuzpfSf;Fs; mlf;f Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. ePz;l fLikahd Neha;f;F gpd; tUk;
kuzj;ij Vw;Wnfhs;gth;fs; tpgj;J my;yJ jpBh; kuzj;ij ngUk; mopthf fUJfpwhh;fs;! mjdhy;
jhd; mth;fs; kuzj;ij vg;nghOJk; fLikahf vjph;gth;fshf kuzj;ij re;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa
kdepiy cUthf;Fgth;fs; tho;ehs; KOtJk; Jf;fj;JlDk; Nrhfj;JlDk; fopf;fpwhh;fs;. ,J
cz;ikapy; mtek;gpf;ifapd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l Kbtpy;yhj Ntjidapd; Muk;gNkahFk;.

kWgpwtpapy; ek;gpf;if itj;jy;

kf;fspd; gpioahd ek;gpf;iffspy; kWgpwtp Nfhl;ghLk; xd;W. mjhtJ xUth; kuzpj;j gpd; caph;
my;yJ Md;kh me;j clypypUe;J ntspNawp ,d;ndhW clypy; NtW milahsj;Jld; tpj;jpahrkhd
Neuj;jpy; ,lj;jpYk; gpwg;gij Fwpf;Fk;. rkPg fhyq;fspy; %lek;gpf;iffis gpd;gw;Wgth;fSk; Vf
,iwtid epuhfhpg;gth;fspy; gyiuAk; ,J fth;e;J tUfpwJ.

,e;j thjj;jpw;F tYT+l;l ve;j rhd;WfSk; ,y;yhj NghJk; ,e;j %lek;gpf;if MjuT ngw
fhuzk; - mth;fsplKs;s ,iw kWg;NgahFk;. kuzj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; xU tho;ifAs;sJ vd;gjpy;
ek;gpf;ifaw;wth;fs; kuzj;jpw;F gpd; jhq;fs; kiwe;J Nghtij fz;L mQ;Rfpd;wdh;. kWGwj;jpy;
Fiwthd ek;gpf;ifAilath;fs; ,iwtdJ ePjp mth;fis eufj;jpy; J}f;fp vhpe;J tpLk; vd;w
gaj;jpy; Jf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,t;tpU rhuhh; nghUj;jtiuapy; ,th;fSila Md;kh ,d;ndhUtUila
clypy; NtnwhU Neuj;jpy; gpwg;gJ kpfTk; re;Njh\khdjhf Njhd;WfpwJ. ,e;j jtwhd nfhs;if
gpd;gw;Wgth;fs; gpioahd tpsk;guj;ij nfhz;L kf;fis ek;gitj;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. mij
gpd;gw;Wgth;fs; vt;tpj Mjhuq;fis Nfl;fhky; ,Ug;gJ mth;fis NkYk; cw;rhfg;gLj;JfpwJ.

,j;jifa %l ek;gpf;if kpf rpy K];ypk;fsplKk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifath;fs; jq;fis

mwpthspfshfTk; Kw;Nghf;FthjpfshfTk; ,zq;fhl;l Kidgth;fs;. ,jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;iw
njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifath;fs; jq;fspd; thjj;jpw;F Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis Mjhukhf
itg;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; mjd; cz;ikahd tpsf;fq;fis kiwj;J mth;fSf;F rhjfkhd Kiwapy;
tpsf;fj;ij khw;wp nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ,tw;iw Rl;b fhl;l fhuzk; ,th;fspd; ek;gpf;if Fh;MDf;Fk;
,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;iffSf;Fk; Kw;wpYk; khw;wkhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij njspTgLj;tjw;fhFk;.

,th;fs; Fh;MdpypUe;J fPOs;s rpy trdq;fis mth;fSf;F rhjfkhf vLj;J fhl;Lthh;fs;.

mjw;ftHfs;: 'vq;fs; ,iwtNd! eP vq;fis ,UKiw kuzkilar; nra;jha;¢ ,UKiw eP

vq;fis capHg;gpj;jha;¢ Mifahy; ehq;fs; (,g;nghOJ) vq;fs; ghtq;fis xg;Gf;
nfhz;Nlhk; - vdNt (,jpypUe;J jg;gp) ntspNaw VJk; topAz;lh?" vdf; $WtH. (]_wh
K/kpd; : 11)

kWgpwtpapy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs; ,e;j trdj;ij gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhh;fs; : xU kdpjd;

tho;ifia tho;e;J kuzpj;j gpd;G mtDf;F xU GJ tho;if nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ
Kiwahf mtdJ Md;kh mjdJ tsh;r;rp milfpwJ. mtdJ ,uz;lhtJ tho;if Kbtile;J
kuzpj;j gpd;G kWikapy; vOg;gg;gLthh;fs;. vkJ kdjpy; xU Nfs;tp tUfpwJ : kdpjdpd; Kjy;
epiy vd;d ? kuzkh my;yJ capUldh ? ,jw;fhd tpil mLj;j trdj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

ePq;fs; vg;gb my;yh`;it ek;g kWf;fpwPHfs;? capuw;Nwhuhf ,Ue;j cq;fSf;F mtNd

cap&l;bdhd;¢ gpd;G mtd; cq;fis khpf;fr;nra;thd;¢ kPz;Lk; cq;fis capH ngwr;
nra;thd;¢ ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; mtd; gf;fNk jpUg;gpf;nfhz;Ltug; gLtPHfs;. (]_wh gfwh : 28)
,e;j trdk; kdpjdpd; Kjy; epiy kuzk; vd;W njspthf $WfpwJ. NtW tifapy; mtdJ
cz;ik epiyia $Wtjhdhy; ePh; my;yJ cyif Nghd;W capuw;w nghUshfNt mtd;
gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W ,t;trdk; $WfpwJ. ,e;j capuw;w nghUs; Ftpaiy caph; nfhLj;jhd;
(gilj;J cUtk; nfhLg;gJ). ,Jjhd; Kjy; kuzk; - kuzj;jpypUe;J Kjy; caph; ngUjy;. rw;W
fhyk; caph; tho;e;J ,Wjpapy; kuzpf;fpwhd;. mtd; kPz;Lk; G+kpf;F jpUk;gp nry;fpwhd;. ,Jjhd;
,uz;lhtJ kuzk;. ,uz;lhtJk; filrpAkhd kPz;Lk; caph;ngUk; epfo;T kWikapy; jhd;
Vw;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,t;Tyftho;tpy; kWgpwtp vd;w xd;W ,y;iy. ,y;iynad;why; %d;whtJ
caph;ngUjYf;fhd mtrpaj;ij Vw;gLj;jptpLk;. %d;whtJ caph;ngUjiy nrhy;yf;$ba ve;j xU
trdKk; Fh;Mdpy; ,y;iy. MfNt R+wh my; %/kpd; 11 kw;Wk; R+wh my; gfwh 128 Mfpa ,uz;bYk;
,t;Tyfpy; ,uz;lhtJ caph; ngUtij gw;wp $wNtapy;iy. khwhf ,t;Tyfpy; xUKiw caph;
ngUtijAk; mLj;J kWikapy; xUKiw caph; ngWtij gw;wpNa Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

MdhYk; kWgpwtpia gpd;gw;Wfpwth;fs; mth;fsJ KO ek;gpf;iffisAk; mjpy; KjyPL nra;Js;sdh;.

kWgpwtpia ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fs; Mjhuk; fhl;Lk; ,t;tpU trdq;fSk; mth;fspd; khRgl;l

fUj;Jfis kWf;fpwJ. NkYk; Fh;MdpYs;s gy trdq;fs; kdpjid Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf xU tho;if
,t;Tyfpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W $WfpwJ. kuzj;jpd; gpd; ,t;Tyfpw;F jpUk;Gjy; ,y;iy vd;W
gpd;tUk; trdk; $WfpwJ:

mtHfspy; xUtDf;F kuzk; tUk;NghJ> mtd;: 'vd; ,iwtNd! vd;idj; jpUk;g

(cyFf;Fj;) jpUg;gp mDg;Gthahf!" vd;W $Wthd;. 'ehd; tpl;Lte;jjpy; ey;y fhhpaq;fisr;
nra;tjw;fhf" (vd;Wk; $Wthd;). mt;thwpy;iy! mtd; $WtJ ntWk; thHj;ijNa(ad;wp
Ntwpy;iy) mtHfs; vOg;gg;gLk; ehs;tiuAk; mtHfs; Kd;Nd xU jpiuapUf;fpwJ. ( my;
%/kpd; 99-100)

kuzj;jpw;F gpd; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;F jpUk;gp tu KbahJ trdk; njspthf $WfpwJ.

mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; kuzj;jpd; gpd; kPz;Lk; caph; ngUk; nghUl;L epuhir nfhs;thh;fs; vd;w
cz;ikia ,iwtd; vkf;F nrhy;fpwhd;. ,it Vf ,iwtid kWg;gth;fshy; Kd;nkhopag;gLk;
rhjhuz thh;ijfNsad;wp mtw;Wf;F vt;tpj ngWkjpAkpy;iy.

Rth;fj;jpYs;sth;fs; Kjy; kuzj;jpw;F gpwF ,d;ndhU kuzj;ij Ritf;f khl;lhh;fs;.

Ke;jpa kuzj;ijj; jtpu> mq;F kuzj;ij mtHfs; mDgtpf;fkhl;lhHfs;¢ NkYk; (,iwtd;)

mtHfis eufj;jpd; Ntjidia tpl;Lk; fhg;ghw;wptpl;lhd;. (,JNt) ck;Kila ,iwtdpd;
mUs; nfhilAk;¢ ,JNt kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpAkhFk; (]{wh Jfhd; : 56-57)

Rth;f;fthrpfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l ew;NgWfis gpd;tUk; trdk; nrhy;fpwJ. mth;fSf;F ed;ikfs;

tuf;fhuzk; Kjy; Kiw jtpu kPz;Lk; kuzpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;

(gpd;dh; Rtdthrpfs;) ehk; (kWgbAk;) ,we;J tpLgth;fs; ,y;iyNa? (vd;ghh;fs;). ek;Kila

Ke;ja ,wg;ig jtpu (NtW ,y;iy). ehk; Ntjid nra;gth; ,y;iy. epr;rakhf ,JNt
kfj;jhd ntw;wpahFk; (]{wh ]h/g;ghj; : 58-60)

NkYs;s trdk; kdpjd; xUKiwjhd; ,t;Tyfpy; kuzkilthd; vd;gij re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp

njspthf $WfpwJ. ,r;re;jh;gj;jpy; xU tpdh vOk;g $Lk; : NkYs;s trdq;fspy; ,uz;L
kuzq;fis vd;;W $wg;gl;l NghjpYk; ]{wh ]h/g;ghj; 58y; xU kuzj;ij gw;wp kl;Lk;
NgRtNjd;?,e;j Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpy; ]{wh Jfhdpd; 56; trdj;jpy; “Kjy; ,wg;ig jtpu (NtW)
,wg;ig mth;fs; mjpy; mDgtpj;jpl khl;lhh;fs;” vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kdpjd; RaepidNthL xNu
xU kuzj;ij kl;LNk re;jpf;fpwhd;. mtd; kuzj;ij mtdJ vy;yh czh;Tfis nfhz;Lk;
re;jpf;fpwhd;. ,e;j kuzNk xUtd; mtdJ filrp Neuj;jpy; re;jpf;fpwhd;. kdpjdhy; kuzj;jpd;
Kjy; epiyia czuKbahJ fhuzk; mj;jUzk; mtdJ czh;TfisAk; RaepiditAk;
,of;fpwhd;.

,j;jifa kuzpj;J kPz;Lk; caph; ngWtJ my;yJ Md;khf;fs; NtW clYf;Fs; NghtJ
Nghd;wtw;iw fUj;Jfis Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; Kw;wpYk; kWf;fpwJ.
kWGwj;jpy; kWgpwtp nfhz;l tho;ifia ,iwtd; Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jhy; kdpjh;fSf;F cz;ik
topfhl;bahf te;j Fh;Mdpy; mij gw;wp epr;rakhf ,iwtd; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Ug;ghd;. ,J cz;ikahf
,Ue;jhy; ,iwtd; kWgpwtpapd; midj;J epiyfisAk; njspthf Fwpg;gplbUg;ghd;. tho;if
kuzj;ij gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Mdpy; kWgpwtpia gw;wp rpW jfty; $l ,y;iy.

kwjp vDk; jpiu

kdpjd; mbg;gilapy; Raeythjp. mtdJ eyd; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplaq;fspy; mtd; kpFe;j ftdj;Jld;
,Uf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; kiyahf Kd;dpw;ff;$ba kuzj;ij kl;Lk; fz;Lnfhs;tjpy;iy. Fh;Mdpy;
,j;jifa tpNdhjkhd kdepiyAilath;fis mjhtJ “; cWjpahd ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fis”
,iwtd; xU nrhy;iy nfhz;L tifg;gLj;Jfpwhd; : “kwjp”.

kwjp vd;gjd; nghUs; cz;ikia Ghpe;J nfhs;shik - cWjpahd Kbit ngw;W nfhs;s Kbahky;
,Ug;gJ-njsptpd;ik. ,jw;F cjhuzk; gpd;tUk; trdj;jpy; cs;sJ.

kdpjHfSf;F mtHfSila fzf;F tprhuiz (ehs;) neUq;fp tpl;lJ¢ Mdhy; mtHfNsh

(mjidg;) Gwf;fzpj;Jg; guhKfkhf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. (]{wh md;gpah : 1)

kdpjh;fs; Fzkilahj kpfg;ghuJhukhd NehAilath;fs; kl;LNk cWjpahf kuzpg;ghh;fs; vd;W

cWjpahf epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;thW NehAw;wth;fSld; ,j;jifa rpe;jidAilath;fSk;
kuzpg;ghh;fs;. ,e;j cz;ik rpyfhyk; nrd;W my;yJ kpf tiutpy; eilngw;w NghjpYk; ,e;j
cz;ik khwhJ. gyNeuq;fspy; kwjp ,j;jifa cz;ikia kiwj;J tpLfpwJ. cjhuzkhf vapl;];
NehAila xUth; kpf tpiutpy; kuzkila rhj;jpa $Wfs; mjpfk;. mij Nghd;W ey;y
jplfhj;jpukhd xUtUk; xUehs; kuzkilthh; vd;gJ epjh;rd cz;ik. rpyNtis vapl;];
NehAilatUf;F Kd;ghfNt ,th; kuzpf;f$Lk;. ,J vjph;ghh;fhj Ntisapy; eilngw$Lk;.

kuzgLf;ifapYs;s Nehahspfis ghh;j;J FLk;gj;jpdh; Jf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; xUehs; mth;fSk;

epr;rakhf kuzpf;fNghtij vz;zp Jf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mit rpyNtis rkPgkhf my;yJ rpyfhyk;
fopj;J Vw;gLtJ cWjp.

kuzj;jpd; NghJ Jf;fg;gLtJ rhpahdJ vd;why; xt;nthUtUk; cldbahf jq;fSf;fhf

tUj;jg;glNtz;Lk; my;yJ Jf;fj;jpypUe;J ntspNawp kuzj;ij gw;wp Mokhf rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j Neuj;jpy; kwjp Vw;gl fhuzq;fis gw;wp Muha;tJ rhy rpwe;jJ.

kwjp Vw;gl fhuzq;fs;

- tpNtfkpd;ik : rKfj;jpy; thOk; mjpfkhdth;fs; Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fis rpe;jpg;gjpy;
gof;fkpd;ik. kwjpia tho;tpd; xU mq;fkhf vLj;J nfhz;Ls;sjhy; kuzj;ij gw;wp
rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. jPh;f;f Kbahj rhjhuz gpur;rpidfs; mth;fsJ kdij Mf;fpukpj;J
nfhs;fpwJ. Njitapy;yhj tplaq;fs; mth;fsJ FWfpa kdij Mf;fpukpj;J nfhz;L;
Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fis rpe;jpg;gjw;F mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. ,t;thW md;whl eilngWfpd;w
epfo;Tfspd; fhuzkhf tho;if ,yf;fw;wjhfp NghfpwJ.. mNjNeuk; xUtUila kuzj;jpd;
NghJ my;yJ kuzj;ij gw;wp fye;Jiuahly; jpUk;Gk; NghJ rpy fUj;Jfis $wp me;j
fye;Jiuahliy jtph;gjd; %yk; MWjyilfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; Njitaw;w FWfpa
rpe;jidAila FWfpa kdk; gilj;jth;fs;.
- rpf;fyhd kw;Wk; njspthd tho;if : tho;if kpf Ntfkhf Xbf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. kdpjdpdpy;
Vw;gl;Ls;s kwjp fhuzkhf mtid kpf tpiutpy; my;yJ jhkjkhf mtid tpOq;f
fhj;jpUf;Fk; kuzj;ij gw;wp ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. ,iwtd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;shkYk;>
,iwtid ek;gp mtDf;F fl;Lg;gLjy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; J}ukhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. cyf Njitfis
gw;wp czh;T te;j jUzk; Kjy; mtdJ Rf tho;Tf;fhf kpfTk; rpukg;gLfpwhd;. mj;jifa
kdpjd; kuzj;ij jtph;f;f Kaw;rpg;gjpy;iy fhuzk; Vw;fdNt cyf tptfhuq;fspy;
%o;fptpl;lhd;. mtd; GJg;GJ Nahridfs; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; tpUg;Gfspd; ghy;
nrd;Wf;nfhz;bUg;gjhy; xUehs; vjph;ghuhj tpjkhf jpBnud kuzj;jpd; cz;ikia
 vjph;nfhs;thd;. mg;nghOJ ftiyg;gl;L kPz;Lk; caph; ngw Mirg;gLthd; Mdhy; mjpy; ve;j
gyDkpy;iy.
- kf;fs; njhif ngUf;fk; gw;wpa jtwhd nfhs;if : gpwg;G kdpjdpd; kwjpf;F ,d;ndhU
fhuzk;. kf;fs; njhif mjpfhpj;J nfhz;Nl NghfpwJ jtpu Fiwtjpy;iy. kdpjd; gpwg;G
kuzj;ij khw;wptpLk; Nghd;w kaf;f$ba jtwhd rpe;jid fhuzkhf kf;fs; njhif
rkg;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W epidf;fpwhd;. ,j;jifa rpe;jid kuzj;ij epidg;gjpypUe;J jLj;J
kwjpia cz;lhf;FfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;W Kjy; cyfk; KOtJk; ve;j gpwg;Gk; epfohj
NghjpYk; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf kuzk; Vw;gl;L mjd;fhuzkhf cyf kf;fs; njhif
FiwtilAk;. mjd; gpwF kuzj;jpd; gak; czug;gLk;. kdpjd; mtid #oTs;s kf;fs;
xUth; gpd; xUtuhf kiwtij fz;L jhDk; kWf;f Kbahj Kbit milthd; vd;gij
czUthd;. ,jw;F kuzjz;lid toq;fg;gl;l ifjpfs; kdepiyia cjhuzkhf $wyhk;.
xt;nthU ehSk; kuzjz;lid epiwNtw;w xUth; my;yJ ,uz;L Ngh; mioj;J
nry;yg;gLtij mth;fs; ghh;fpwhh;fs;. me;j miwapYs;sth;fs; Fiwtij ghh;fyhk;.
tUlq;fs; nrd;w NghjpYk; xt;nthU ehSk; capUld; ,Ug;gth;fs; mLj;j ehs;
jq;Silajhf ,Uf;FNkh vd;w gaj;jpNyNa epj;jpiuf;F nry;thh;fs;. mth;fs; xU nehb
nghOijAk; kuzj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.

jw;Nghja cz;ik epytuj;jpw;Fk; NkNy $wg;gl;l cjhuzj;jpw;Fk; NtWghL ,y;iy. xUth;

kuzpg;gjw;Fk; Gjpjhf gpwe;j Foe;ijf;Fk; ,ilapy; vt;tpj njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy. ,it ntWk; jtwhd
thjq;fshFk;. 150 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G cyfpy; tho;e;j vtUk; ,d;W capUld; ,y;iy. mLj;J
te;j re;jjpapduhy; mth;fis kuzj;jpypUe;J fhg;ghw;w Kbatpy;iy. mij Nghd;W ,d;W
capUlDs;sth;fs; ,d;wpypUe;J 100 Mz;LfSf;F gpd; rpyiu jtpu ahUk; capUld; ,Uf;f
Nghtjpy;iy. ,jw;F fhuzk; ,e;j cyfk; kdpj tho;tjw;fhd epue;ju ,lkpy;iy.

jd;id jhNd Vkhw;wp nfhs;sy;

kuzj;ij rpe;jpf;fhky; kwjpapy; jpiyjpUf;Fk; fhuzpfspy; kdpjh;fs; jq;fis jhq;fNs Vkhw;wp
nfhs;s rpy je;jpuq;fis ifahSfpwhh;fs;. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW
epidg;gJ Nkhrkhd #o;epiyapy; jd;id fhg;ghw;wp nfhs;s jPf;Nfhop jdJ jiyia kz;zpy;
Gijj;J nfhs;tij Nghd;wjhFk;.

- tho;tpd; filrp fhyq;fspy; kuzj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpf;fyhk; vd;w vz;zk; : kdpjh;fs; 60

my;yJ 70 tUlq;fs; tiu caph; tho;thh;fs; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,it jhd; eLj;ju
taJ kf;fs; ,t;thW rpe;jpf;f my;yJ nray;gl fhuzk;. ,j;jifa rpe;jif fhuzkhf
gaq;fu tplaq;fis mth;fsJ filrp fhyq;fspy; rpe;jpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;Zfpwhh;fs;.
mth;fsJ ,sikapy;- my;yJ mth;fsJ Kf;fpa fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,j;jifa Jd;gk; juf;$ba
tplaq;fis nfhz;L kdij rq;flg;gLj;j tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.; midj;J Rfq;fSk; mDgtpj;J
mjw;F gpd;dh; ey;yitfs; vJTNk elf;fhJ vd;w tho;tpd; filrpfhyq;fs; jhd; kuzj;ij
gw;wp rpe;jpj;J kW cyf tho;iff;F jahh;gLj;j rhpahd fhyfl;lk; vd;W gyh;
epidf;fpwhh;fs;. kWikf;fhf VjhtJ nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w rpe;jidshy; xUtif Md;kPf
MWjy; fpilf;fpwJ
mLj;j nehb %r;Rf;F cj;juthjkpy;yhj epiyapy; njhiyJhu Nahridfs; ve;j gaDkpy;iy.
xt;nthU ehSk; mtdJ taJila my;yJ mtid tpl ,sath;fs; kuzkiltij mtd;
ghh;fpwhd;. kuz mwptpj;jy; jpdrhp gj;jphpf;iffspd; Fwpg;gpLksT ,lj;ij gwpj;J nfhs;fpd;wd.
xt;nthW kzpj;jpahsKk; njhiyf;fhl;rp kuzj;ij gw;wpa nra;jpfis nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
kdpjd; mtid Rw;wp epfOk; kuzq;fis ghh;fpwhd;. Mdhy; mtdJ kuzj;ij kf;fs; ghh;ghh;fs;
vd;Nwh my;yJ mtdJ kuz mwptpj;jy; gj;jphpf;iffspy; tUk; vd;gij gw;wp FiwthfNt
rpe;jpf;fpwhd;. kWGwj;jpy; mtd; ePz;l ehs; tho;e;jhYk; mtdJ rpe;jid khwhj fhuzj;jhy;
mtdJ tho;tpy; ve;j khw;wKk; epfohJ. mtd; kuzj;ij re;jpf;Fk; tiu mtd; kuzj;ij
rpe;jpg;gjpypUe;J fhyk; jho;j;jp nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

- Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F xUKiw kl;Lk; eufj;jpy; jz;lid mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; :
rKfj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w ,e;j vz;zk; ntWk; %lek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,e;j fUj;jpw;F Mjuthf
Fh;Mdpy; ve;j MjhuKk ,y;iy. eufj;jpy xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F kl;Lk; jz;lid
mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; mjd;gpwF kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;w fUj;Jila; trdk; Fh;Mdpy;
,y;iy. ,jw;F khwhf vy;yh trdq;fspYk; kWik ehspy; ek;gpf;ifahh;fs; vd;Wk;
mtek;gpf;ifash;fs; vd;W ,uz;lhf gphpf;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;W jhd; $WfpwJ. kw;w
trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fs; Rth;fj;jpy; vd;nwd;Wk; jq;fpapUg;ghh;fs; vd;Wk;
 mtek;gpf;ifash;fs; eufj;jpy; Kbtpy;yh euf Ntjid Ritg;ghh;fs; vd;Wk; Fh;Md;
$WfpwJ.

'xU rpy ehl;fs; jtpu vq;fis euf neUg;Gj; jPz;lhJ" vd;W mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;.
'my;yh`;tplkpUe;J mg;gb VNjDk; cWjpnkhop ngw;wpUf;fpwPHfsh? mg;gbahapd;
my;yh`; jd; cWjp nkhopf;F khw;wk; nra;aNt khl;lhd;¢ my;yJ ePq;fs; mwpahjij
my;yh`; nrhd;djhf ,l;Lf; fl;bf; $Wfpd;wPHfsh?" vd;W (egpNa! me;j A+jHfsplk;)
ePH NfSk;. mg;gbay;y! vtH jPikiar; rk;ghjpj;J> me;jf; Fw;wk; mtiur; #o;e;J
nfhs;fpwNjh> mj;jifNahH eufthrpfNs¢ mtHfs; m(e; eufj;)jpy; vd;nwd;Wk;
,Ug;ghHfs;. vtH ek;gpf;if nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fisr; nra;fpwhHfNsh> mtHfs;
RtHf;fthrpfs;¢ mtHfs; mq;F vd;nwd;Wk; ,Ug;ghHfs;. (]_wh my; gfwh :80-82)

,d;ndhU trdKk; ,e;j fUj;ijNa $WfpwJ :

,jw;Ff; fhuzk;: vz;zpf; fzf;fplg;gl;l (rpy) ehl;fNs jtpu (euf) neUg;G vg;Nghijf;Fk;
vq;fisj; jPz;lhJ vd;W mtHfs; $wpf; nfhz;bUg;gJjhd;¢ (,J) jtpu mtHfs; jk;
khHf;f(tp\a)j;jpy; ngha;ahff; fw;gid nra;J $wpte;jJk; mtHfis Vkhw;wp tpl;lJ.
(]_wh My ,k;uhd; : 24)

eufk; vd;gJ fw;gidf;F vl;lhj Ntjidfs; epiwe;j ,lkhFk;. rpwpJ fhyk; jhd; eufj;jpy;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjj;ij Vw;W nfhz;lhYk; RaepidTs;s ve;j kdpjDk; me;j Ntjidia
Ritf;f rk;kjpf;f khl;lhd;. eufj;jpy; jhd; ,iwtdJ jd;ikfshd my;-[g;ghh; (mlf;fp Ms;gtd;)
kw;Wk; my;-f`;`hh; (Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jgtd;) Nghd;witfspd; cz;ikahd vy;iyia ghh;f;f
KbAk;. euf Ntjidia ,t;Tyf NtjidfNshL xg;gpl KbahJ. eufj;jpy; tpuy; kl;Lk; Rlg;gLk;
vd;w Ntjidia $l xUtdhy; jhq;fp nfhs;s KbahJ. mj;jifa Ntjidia Ritf;f xUtd;
jahh; vd;W nrhd;dhy; mtd; Gj;jp RthjPdkw;wtd; vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. NkYk; ,iwtdJ
rhgj;jpw;F gag;glhjtd; ,iwtDf;F chpa khpahijia nfhLf;f kWf;fpwhd;. mj;jifa
ek;gpf;ifaw;wtid gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpakw;wJ.

- jdf;F Rth;f;fk; fpilg;gJ cWjp vd;W ek;GtJ : jk;ik Rth;f;fthrpshf fUjf;$ba rpyh;
vk;kpy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ey;y nray;fis vd fUjf;$batw;iw rpy rpwpatw;iw nra;J rpy jPa
nray;fis jtph;gjd; %yk; jhq;fs; Rth;fj;jpw;F jFjpahdth;fs; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;.
,th;fs; Fh;MDf;Fk; khh;fj;jpd; Nghjidf;Fk; vjpuhf Klek;gpf;if ,l;Lfl;Ljy;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; jq;fis <LgLj;jp nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; jq;fis cz;ikahd
tpRthrpfshfNt fhl;b nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; Fh;Md; mth;fis ,iwtDf;F ,iz
fw;gpg;gth;fSld; ,izj;Nj tifg;gLj;JfpwJ.:

(egpNa!) ,U kdpjHfis mtHfSf;F cjhuzkhfTk; $WtPuhf! mt;tpUthpy; xUtUf;F ehk;

jpuhl;irj; Njhl;lq;fspy; ,uz;ilf; nfhLj;Njhk;¢ ,d;Dk; NghPj;j kuq;fisf; nfhz;L
mt;tpuz;ilAk; #og;gl;lit Mf;fpNdhk;> mt;tpuz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; (jhdpa) tptrhaj;ijAk;
mikj;Njhk;. mt;tpU Njhl;lq;fSk; mtw;wpd; gyd;fis - vg;nghUisAk; FiwahJ
nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mt;tpuz;bw;Fk; eLNt ehk; XH Mw;iwAk; xypj;Njhlr; nra;Njhk;.
,d;Dk; mtDf;F (NtW) fdpfSk; ,Ue;jd¢ mg;nghOJ mtd; jd; Njhodplk;
tpjz;lhthjk; nra;jtdhf: 'ehd; cd;id tplg; nghUshy; mjpfKs;std;> Ml;fspYk; ehd;
(cd;id) kpifj;jtd;" vd;W $wpdhd;. (ngUikapdhy;) jd; Mj;khTf;Fj; jPq;fpioj;jtdhf
jd; Njhl;lj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jhd;¢ mtd;> ',e;j(j; Njhl;lk;) vg;nghOjhtJ mope;JtpLk; vd;W
ehd; vz;ztpy;iy" vd;Wk; $wpf; nfhz;lhd;. (epahaj; jPHg;Gf;Fhpa) Ntis Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;
ehd; vz;ztpy;iy. (mg;gb VJk; epfo;e;J) ehd; vd; ,iwtdplk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gLNtdhapd;> epr;rakhf ,q;fpUg;gijtpl Nkyhd ,lj;ijNa ehd; fhz;Ngd;" vd;Wk;
$wpdhd;. mtDila Njhod; mtDld; (,J gw;wpj;) jHf;fpj;jtdhf: 'cd;id
kz;zpypUe;Jk;> gpd; xU Jsp ,e;jphpaj;jpypUe;Jk; gilj;J> gpd;G cd;idr; rhpahd kdpjdhf
Mf;fpdhNd mtidah eP epuhfhpf;fpd;wha;?" vd;W mtdplk; Nfl;lhd;. 'Mdhy;> (ehd; cWjp
nrhy;fpNwd;:) my;yh`; - mtd;jhd; vd; ,iwtdhthd;¢ vd; ,iwtDf;F ehd; ahiuAk;
,iz itf;fTk; khl;Nld; (]_wh f/g; 32-38)
“ehd; vd; ,iwtdplk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLNtdhapd;” Nghd;w trdq;fs; %yk; Njhl;l
nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; kPJk; kWik kPJk; cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifapd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. NkYk;
re;Njfj;ij nfhz;l rpiyfis tzq;Fgth; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. mNjNtis mth; jd;id rpwe;j
ek;gpf;ifahsh; vd;Wk; thjpLfpwhh;. NkYk; ,iwtd; mtUf;F Rth;f;fk; nfhLg;ghd; vd;gjpy; ve;j
re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. ,j;jifa rpWikahd ,Wkhg;ghd rpiy tzq;Fgth;fspd; jd;ikfs; gutyhf
kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,j;jifath;fs; jhq;fs; KOikahf gpioapypUg;gij czh;e;j NghjpYk; mth;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gLk;

NghJ mth;fs; jq;fis mg;ghtpfnsd fhl;l Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. kjj;jpd; nfhs;iffis filgpbg;gJ
Kf;fpakhdjy;y vd;fpd;wdh;. mth;fis #oTs;s khh;f;f fl;lisfis Ngzp gpd;gw;Wgth;fis
xOf;fkw;wth;fs; vd;Wk; ek;gpf;ifaw;wth;fs; vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; jq;fis mg;ghtpfshf fhl;l
Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. kw;wth;fSf;F jPq;F nra;ahky; ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf jq;fis ey;yth;fshf fhl;l
Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. ViofSf;F thhp toq;f jaq;Ftjpy;iy vd;W $Wk; ,th;fs; cz;ikahfNt gy
tUlq;fshf nghJ Nritapy; <LgLtJ Nghd;w gy fhuzq;fs; cz;ik K];ypkhf cUthf;Fk;
vd;W $Wfpwhh;fs;. kf;fSld; ey;y Kiwapy; elg;gjhy; kl;Lk; K];ypkhf KbahJ khwhf
,iwtdJ fl;lisfSf;F KOikahf fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mth;fSf;F njhpahJ my;yJ
njhpahjJ Nghd;W ebf;fpwhh;fs;.

mth;fSila khRg;gLj;jg;gl;l kjj;ij VjhtJ xUKiwapy; epahag;gLj;j mth;fs; rpy jtwhd

topKiwfis ehLfpwhh;fs;. ,J mth;fsJ tQ;ridapd; milahskhFk;. mth;fsJ tho;ifia
epahag;gLj;j nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk; Nghd;w RNyhfq;fSf;F gpd;dhy; xspe;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ,J
Fh;Mdpd; ghh;itapy; “ ,iwtDf;F vjpuhd ngha;fis cUthf;FtJ”jhFk;. ,jd; $yp eufj;jpd;
NtjidahFk;. mj;jifath;fis gw;wp Fh;Md; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwJ;

,d;Dk; kdpjHfspy; 'ehq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; kPJk;> ,Wjp(j; jPHg;G) ehs; kPJk; <khd; (ek;gpf;if)
nfhs;fpNwhk;" vd;W $WNthWk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH¢ Mdhy; (cz;ikapy;) mtHfs; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;NlhH my;yH. -(]_wh my; gfwh : 8)

— ,ul;il Ntlk; : kf;fs; kuzj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpf;Fk; NghJ jhq;fs; epue;jukhf kiwe;J
NghNthk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa tpag;ghd vz;zk; ,d;ndhU ghJfhf;Fk;
cj;jpahFk;. Mth;fs; ,iwthdhy; epue;ju tho;if cWjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w cz;ikapd;
ghjpia kl;LNk ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. mj;jifa vz;zk; mth;fSf;F rpy Mwjy;fis nfhLf;fpwJ.
,iwtid kPjhd ek;gpf;ifahsdpd; flikfis gw;wp mth;fs; rpe;jpf;Fk; NghJ mth;fs;
epue;ju tho;if rk;ge;jkhd cz;ikfis Koikahf jtph;e;J nfhs;sNt tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs;.
,Wjpapy; kz;zpy; kf;fp NghNthk;. kuzj;jpw;F gpwF tho;ifapy;iy” mth;fs; jq;fis
jhq;fNs rkhjhdg;gLj;jp nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. mj;jifa rpe;jidfs; midj;J ftiyfisAk;
jLj;JtpLk;. Mdhy; kWik ehspy; xUth; jdJ fzf;Ffis nfhLf;Fk; NghJk; eufj;jpy;
Ntjid mDgtpf;Fk; NghJk; me;j thjj;jpd; epiy GhpAk;. ,t;tpuz;L #o;epiyfspYk;
mth;fsJ filrp ehl;fs; tiu kwjpapy; jq;fs; ehl;fis fopj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

kwjpapd; tpisTfs;
xUtdJ tho;ifapy; filrptiu kuzk; mtdJ ftdj;ij <h;Fk; vd;W ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;.
,it rpyNeuq;fspy; kdpjid mtdJ tho;tpd; mj;jpatrpa Njitfis kPz;Lk; rhpghh;j;J mtdJ
epiyia khw;w ,j;jifa epidT+l;ly;fs; cjTfpwJ. NtW rpyNeuq;fspy; Nkw;$wg;gl;l rpe;jidfs;
mtid fl;Lg;gLj;jp mtdJ fz;fis jpiuapl;bUf;Fk; kwjpia NkYk; fbdkhf;fTk; tha;Gs;sJ.

ek;gpf;ifaw;wth;fs; mth;fsJ gpe;ja fhyj;jpy; kuzk; mth;fis te;jilAk; vd;W mth;fSf;F

ed;whf njhpe;jpUe;Jk; mikjp vDk; %lek;gpf;ifahd czh;it Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L rhe;jkhd
epiyapy; kuzj;jpw;fhf vjph;ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gjw;F fhuzk; mth;fis ,e;j jpiu KOikahf
%bf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. mth;fis nghUj;jtiuapy; kuzk; vd;gJ mikjpahd Mo;e;j epj;jpiu rhe;jk;
kw;Wk; epue;ju Xa;T vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;.
,th;fsJ rpe;jidf;F khw;wkhf , xd;Wkpy;yhj epiyapypUe;J vy;yhtw;iwAk; gilj;J gpd;G
kuzpf;f nra;J gpwF epaha jPh;g;G ehspy; kPz;Lk; midj;ijAk; caph;gpf;Fk; ,iwtd; epue;ju
NtjidAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; mth;fSf;F thf;fspf;fpwhd;. epue;ju J}f;fk; vd;w epidj;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; me;j kuzk; mJ tUk; me;j jUzj;jpy; ,e;j cz;ikia czUth;fs;. mth;fs;
kuzk; vd;gJ Koikahf kiwtJ vd;w vz;zk; jtW vd;Wk; mjw;F khw;wkhf Ntjid epiwe;j
xU GJ cyfpd; Muk;g epiy vd;gij czUth;fs;. ,e;j ngUk; Ntjidapd; Muk;g mwpFwp capiu
vLf;f tUk; kyf;Ffs; my;yJ thdth;fspd; gaq;fu Njhw;wkhFk;.

MfNt> mtHfSila Kfq;fspYk;> mtHfSila KJFfspYk; mbj;J (capHfisf;

ifg;gw;Wk;) kyf;Ffs; mtHfis kuzkilar; nra;Ak; NghJ (mtHfs; epiyik)
vg;gbapUf;Fk;> (]_wh K`k;kj; : 27)

,e;j jUzj;jpy; kuzj;ij gw;wp ftiyglhky; mfq;fhukhf jphpe;j Vf ,iwtid kWj;jth;fs;

gaj;jpdhYk; nra;tjwpahJ epue;ju Ntjidapy; %o;Fthh;fs;. Fh;Md; ,ij gw;wp ,t;thW
tpsf;FfpwJ :
'ehk; G+kpapy; mope;J Ngha; tpLNthkhapd; nka;ahfNt ehq;fs; Gjpa gilg;ghNthkh?" vdTk;
mtHfs; $Wfpd;wdH¢ Vnddpy; mtHfs; jq;fs; ,iwtidr; re;jpg;gijNa epuhfhpg;Nghuha;
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. 'cq;fs; kPJ epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;> 'kyf;Fy; kt;J" jhk; cq;fs; capiuf;
ifg;gw;WthH - gpd;dH ePq;fs; cq;fs; ,iwtdplk; kPs;tpf;fg;gLtPHfs;" vd;W (egpNa!) ePH
$Wk;. NkYk;> ,f;Fw;wthspfs; jk; ,iwtd; Kd; jiyFdpe;jtHfsha;> 'vq;fs; ,iwth!
ehq;fs; (,g;nghOJ) ghHj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;> Nfl;Lk; nfhz;Nlhk; - MfNt> eP (cyFf;F)
vq;fisj; jpUg;gp mDg;gpit¢ ehq;fs; ew;fUkq;fisNa nra;Nthk;. epr;rakha; ehq;fs;
(ek;gpf;ifapy;) cWjpAs;stHfshf Mfptpl;Nlhk;" vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ (egpNa!) ePH ghHg;gPuhapd;
(mtHfSila epiyia ePH mwpe;J nfhs;tPH). (]_wh m]; ][jh : 10-12 )

kuzj;jpypUe;J jg;gpf;f KbahJ

kuzk; Muk;g ehl;fspy; epidtpw;F tUtJ kpf mhpJ. ,ij filrp epiyahf epidj;J nfhz;L
,e;j rpe;jidapypUe;J jg;gpj;J nfhs;fpwhd;. ,Ug;gpDk; kUj;Jtj;jhy; kuzj;jpw;F Fzg;gLj;j
Kbahjij Nghd;W rpe;jpf;fkhypg;gjhYk; kuzj;ij nty;yKbahJ.. kuzj;ij xUNghJk;
jl;bf;fopf;f KbahJ. xt;nthU ehSk; gj;jphpf;iffs; kuz nra;jpfis ntspapl;L
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ePq;fs; fy;yiwfis fle;J nry;fpwPh;fs;. cq;fsJ cwtpdh;fSk; Njhoh;fSk;
kuzpf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ kuz Ch;tyq;fSk; my;yJ ePq;fs; njhptpf;Fk; ,uq;fy;fSk; epr;rakhf
cq;fSf;F kuzj;ij epidTgLj;Jk;. xUtd; kw;wthpd; kuzj;ij ghh;f;Fk; NghJ Kf;fpakhf
mtdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpath;fspd; kuzj;ij ghh;f;Fk; NghJ mtd; mtdJ Kbit gw;wp rpe;jpf;fpwhd;.
,e;j rpe;jid mtid Mokhf ghjpj;J mtid epk;kjpaw;wtdhf khw;WfpwJ.

mtd; vt;tsT Jhuk; fLikahf vjph;jhYk; mtd; vq;F nrd;W Xspe;jhYk; my;yJ jg;gpf;f
Kad;whYk; ve;j re;jh;gj;jpYk; mtdJ kuzj;ij Ritj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. mtDf;F NtW njhpT
,y;iy. mjpypUe;J ntspNa nry;y mtDf;F NtW topapUf;fhJ. xU tpdhbAk; gpd;NghLtjpy;iy.
Mtd; vq;F nrd;whYk; kuzk; mtid re;jpf;Fk;. filrpapy; mtid gpbj;J nfhs;Sk;.

'ePq;fs; vij tpl;Lk; tpuz;L XLfpwPHfNsh> me;j kuzk; epr;rakhf cq;fis re;jpf;Fk; gpwF>
kiwthdijAk; gfpuq;fkhdijAk; ed;fwpe;jtdplk; ePq;fs; nfhz;L kPl;lg;gLtPHfs; - mg;ghy;>
mtd; ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jit gw;wp cq;fSf;F mwptpg;ghd;" (vd;W) (egpNa!) ePH
$WtPuhf. (]_wh my;[_k;kh : 8)
 'ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jNghjpYk; cq;fis kuzk; mile;Nj jPUk;. ePq;fs; kpfTk; cWjpahff;
fl;lg;gl;l Nfhl;ilfspy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; rhpNa! (NghUf;Fr; nrd;w Kdh/gpf;fSf;F)
VNjDk; xU ed;ik Vw;gl;lhy; ',J my;yh`;tplkpUe;J fpilj;jJ" vd;W $WfpwhHfs;¢
Mdhy;> mtHfSf;F VjhtJ jPq;F Vw;gl;lhNyh> ',J ck;kplk; ,Ue;Jjhd; Vw;gl;lJ" vd;W
$WfpwhHfs;> (egpNa! mtHfsplk;) $Wk;: 'vy;yhk; my;yh`;tplkpUe;Nj te;jpUf;fpd;wd¢ ,e;j
kf;fSf;F vd;d NeHe;Jtpl;lJ? ve;j xU tp\aj;ijAk; mtHfSf;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s
Kbatpy;iyNa!" (]_wh md;dprh: 78)

mjdhy; jhd; ehk; ek;ik Vkhw;Wtij epWj;jpnfhz;L ,iwtdhy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhyk; Kba
Kd;dh; mtdJ md;ig ngw Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,iwtDf;F kl;LNk ,e;j Neuk; Kbtiltij
gw;wp njhpAk;.

xUtdJ kdrhl;rp ,Wf;fkilahYk; ey;y gz;Gfs; tsuTk; mbf;fb kuzj;ij rpe;jpf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;W vkJ Jhjh; K`k;kJ egp mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; :

mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ckh; mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;: ,iwJhjh; $wpdhh;fs; jz;zuhy; ,Uk;G

Jug;gpbg;gij Nghd;W ,e;j ,jak; Jug;gpLj;JtpLk; mij vt;thW Rj;jg;gLj;JtJ
vd;W Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ kuzj;ij mjpfkhf epidg;gJk; Fh;Mid mjpfkhf
XJtJk;. Vd;W gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. (jph;kpjp 673)

cz;ikahd kuzKk; kuzj;ij gw;wpa fz;fhzpg;Gk;

Md;kh kuzkiljy; (cz;ikahd kuzk;)

ePq;fs; vt;thW kuzkiltPh;fs; kuzk; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; kuzkilAk; Ntisapy; vd;d elf;Fk;
vd;gij gw;wp vg;NghjhtJ rpe;jpj;jJz;lh?
,Jtiu kuzpj;j vtUk; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOe;J te;J kuz Ntisapy; mth;fSf;F Vw;gl;l
mDgtq;fisAk; czh;TfisAk; gfph;e;J nfhz;ljpy;iy. MfNt kuzk; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; my;yJ
kuzNtisapy; xUtdJ czh;Tfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tJ
rhj;jpakw;wjhfTs;sJ.

kdpjDf;F capiu nfhLj;J Fwpg;gpl;l jtizapd; gpd;dh; mij kPz;Lk; vLj;J nfhs;Sk; ,iwtd;
kuzk; vt;thW Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W Fh;Mdpy; tpsf;Ffpwhd;. MfNt Fh;Mdpd; cjtp nfhz;Nl kuzk;
vt;thW Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; kuzpf;Fk; Ntisapy; xUtdJ czh;Tfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gij gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.

Fh;Mdpd; mbg;gilapy; kuzk; vd;gJ kf;fs; ntspapypUe;J ghh;f;Fk; kuzj;jpypUe;J khw;wkhdJ.

Kjypy; kuzgLf;ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtd; ghh;f;Fk; epfo;Tfs; - mtid Rw;wpAs;sth;fshy;

mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj epfo;Tfs; gw;wp rpy trdq;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

kuzj; jWthapy; xUtdpd; (capH) njhz;ilf; Fopia milAk; NghJ - me;Neuk; ePq;fs;
ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwPHfs;. MapDk;> ehNkh mtDf;F cq;fis tpl rkPgkhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;.
vdpDk; ePq;fs; ghHf;fpwPHfspy;iy. (]_wh thfpM : 83-85)
Vf ,iwtid kWj;jth;fspd; kuzj;ij Nghyy;yhJ ek;gpf;ifahsdpd; kuzk; mikjpahdjhf
,Uf;Fk;.

(F/g;iu tpl;Lk;) J}atHfshf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; kyf;Ffs; vtUila capHfisf;

ifg;gw;WfpwhHfNsh mtHfsplk;: ']yhKd; miyf;Fk;" ('cq;fs; kPJ rhe;jp cz;lhtjhf)¢
ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j (ew;) fUkq;fSf;fhf Rtdgjpapy; EioAq;fs;" vd;W
mk;kyf;Ffs; nrhy;thHfs;. (]_wh md;e`y; : 32)

,e;j trdq;fs; kuzj;ij gw;wp kpf Kf;fpakhd khw;wkilahj cz;ikfis $WfpwJ.

kuzNtisapy; kuzpf;Fk; xUthpd; epiyAk; mtiu Rw;wp epw;Fk; kw;wth;fs; fz;Nzhl;lKk; khw;wkhf
,Uf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf Vf ,iwtid kWj;J tho;e;j xUthpd; kuzk; ntspapspUe;J ghh;f;Fk; NghJ
mikjpahd kuzkhf Njhd;Wk;. ,Ug;gpDk; Md;kh NtW tifapy; kpf Ntjidahf topapy; kuzj;ij
Ritf;Fk;. mNjNeuk; ek;gpf;ifahshpd; Md;kh fLikhad Ntjidia mile;j NghJk; mtuJ
cliy tpl;Lk; fz;zpakhd Kiwapy; nry;fpwJ.

RUq;f $Wtjhapd; cly; kuzkiltJk; Fh;Md; $Wk; Md;kh kuzpg;gJk; ntt;NtW epfo;TfshFk;.

Fh;Md; $Wk; ,e;j cz;ikia tpsq;fp nfhs;shky; kuzk; vd;gij Kbtpy;yhj mikjpahd
Jhf;fk; vd;W ek;Gk; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; kuzNtisia Ntjidaw;w mikjpahdjhf khw;w
topfis NjLfpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa jtwhd rpe;jidfshy; Jhz;Lg;gl;L; khj;jiufis cl;nfhz;L
jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;tJ ,aw;if thAf;fis Rthrpj;jy; my;yJ fLikahd Nehahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l xUth; kuzj;ij Ntjidaw;w Kiwapy; miltJ Nghd;w topfis ehLfpwhh;fs;.

Kd;G $wg;gl;lij Nghd;W Vf ,iwtid kWggth;fspd; kuzkhdJ fLikhahd Ntjidahf

,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis tpRthrpfspd; mikjpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. kuzNtisapy; Vf ,iwtid
kWj;jth;fspd; Md;khit gwpf;Fk; thdth;fs; ele;J nfhs;Sk; tpjKk;> mthf;sJ caph;
clypypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; NghJ mth;fs; gLk; NtjidAk;; gw;wp Fh;Md; njspthf $WfpwJ.

MfNt> mtHfSila Kfq;fspYk;> mtHfSila KJFfspYk; mbj;J (capHfisf;

ifg;gw;Wk;) kyf;Ffs; mtHfis kuzkilar; nra;Ak; NghJ (mtHfs; epiyik)
vg;gbapUf;Fk;> ,J Vnddpy;: epr;rakhf ,tHfs; my;yh`;Tf;Ff; Nfhg%l;LtijNa gpd;gw;wp>
mtDila jpUg;jpia ntWj;jikjhd;¢ MfNt mtHfSila nra;iffis mtd;
gadpy;yhjitahf Mf;fp tpl;lhd;. (]_wh K`k;kj; : 27-28)

kuz Ntisapy; thdth;fs; $Wk; epue;ju Ntjidia gw;wp nra;jpahdJ xUtDf;F fLikahd
Ntjidia Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.

my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;f; fw;gid nra;gtd;> my;yJ t`Papd; %yk; jdf;F xd;WNk
mwptpf;fg;glhkypUf;f> 'vdf;F t`P te;jJ" vd;W $Wgtd;¢ my;yJ 'my;yh`; ,wf;fpitj;j
,(t;Ntjj;)ijg; Nghy; ehDk; ,wf;fpitg;Ngd;" vd;W $Wgtd;> Mfpa ,tHfis tplg; nghpa
mepahaf;fhud; ahH ,Uf;f KbAk;? ,e;j mepahaf;fhuHfs; kuz Ntjidapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
ePq;fs; mtHfisg; ghHj;jhy;> kyf;Ffs; jk; iffis ePl;b (,tHfsplk;) 'cq;fSila
capHfis ntspNaw;Wq;fs;¢ ,d;iwa jpdk; ePq;fs; ,opTjUk; Ntjidiaf; $ypahff;
nfhLf;fg;gLtPHfs;. Vnddpy;> ePq;fs; cz;ikay;yhjij my;yh`;tpd; kPJ $wpf;
nfhz;bUe;jPHfs;¢ ,d;Dk;> mtDila trdq;fis (ek;ghJ epuhfhpj;Jg;) ngUikabj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jPHfs;" (vd;W $Wtij ePH fhz;gPH). (]_wh my; mdhk; : 93)

kyf;Ffs; epuhfhpg;Nghhpd; capHfisf; ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ ePq;fs; ghHg;gPHfshdhy;> kyf;Ffs;

mtHfSila Kfq;fspYk;> KJFfspYk; mbj;Jf; $WthHfs;: 'vhpf;Fk; euf Ntjidiar;
RitAq;fs;" vd;W. ,jw;F fhuzk;> cq;fs; iffs; Kd;dNkNa nra;jDg;gpa
(ghtr;)nray;fNsahk; - epr;rakhf my;yh`;(jd;) mbahHfSf;F xU rpwpJk; mepahak;
nra;akhl;lhd;. (]_wh my;-md;ghy; : 50-51)

kdpjHfNs! cq;fs; ,iwtDf;Fg; gae;J ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mtd; cq;fs; ahtiuAk;

xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J gilj;jhd;> mthpypUe;Nj mtH kidtpiaAk; gilj;jhd;¢ gpd;dH
,t;tpUthpypUe;J> mNef Mz;fisAk; ngz;fisAk; (ntspg;gLj;jp cyfpy;) gutr; nra;jhd;¢
 MfNt> my;yh`;Tf;Nf gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ mtidf;nfhz;Nl ePq;fs; xUtUf;nfhUtH
(jkf;Fhpa chpikfisf;) Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpwPHfs;¢ NkYk; (cq;fs;) ,uj;jf; fyg;Gila
cwtpdHfisAk; (MjhpAq;fs;) - epr;rakhf my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ fz;fhzpg;gtdhfNt
,Uf;fpd;whd;. (]_wh md;dh]pah : 1)

Md;kh vt;thW vLf;fg;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ :

mt;thwy;y! (kuz Ntisapy; mtd; capH) njhz;ilf;Fopia mile;J tpl;lhy;>

'ke;jphpg;gtd; ahH?" vdf; Nfl;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy;> mtNdh epr;rakhf mJjhd; jd;
gphpT (fhyk;) vd;gij cWjp nfhs;fpwhd;. (]_wh my;-fpahkh :26-28)

,e;j Ntisapy; Vf ,iwtid kWj;jtd; mtd; tho;ehspy; Vw;f kWj;j cz;ikfis re;jpg;ghd;.
kuzj;ij mtd; capiu gpLq;fp vLg;ghh;fs; Mfpad mth;fis fhj;jpUf;Fk; Ntjidapd;
Muk;gkhFk;.

mjw;F khw;wkhf ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fsJ kuzkhdJ epue;ju re;Njh\j;jpd; Muk;gkhFk;.

fLikahf Ntjid mDgtpf;Fk; Vf ,iwtid kWj;jth;fis Nghd;wy;yhJ> ek;gpf;ifahshpd; caph;
(ey;NyhH capHfis) ,Nyhrhff; fow;WgtH(fshd kyf;F)fs; kPJk; rj;jpakhf- (]_wh md;
ehrpah: 2) vLf;Fk; Ntisapy; thdth;fs; $Wthh;fs; :” (epuhfhpg;ig tpl;Lk;) J}atHfshf ,Uf;Fk;
epiyapy; kyf;Ffs; vtUila capHfisf; ifg;gw;WfpwhHfNsh mtHfsplk;: ']yhKd; miyf;Fk;"
('cq;fs; kPJ rhe;jp cz;lhtjhf)¢ ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j (ew;) fUkq;fSf;fhf Rtdgjpapy;
EioAq;fs;" vd;W mk;kyf;Ffs; nrhy;thHfs;. (]_wh md; e`y; : 32). ,e;epiyia J}f;fj;jpw;F
xg;gplyhk;. J}f;fj;jpd; NghJ caph; NtW tifapy; khw;wkilfpwJ. ,ij gpd;tUk; trdk; ,t;thW
$WfpwJ:

my;yh`;> capHfis mit kuzpf;Fk; NghJk;> kuzpf;fhjtw;iw mtw;wpd; epj;jpiuapYk;

ifg;gw;wp> gpd;G vjd; kPJ kuzj;ij tpjpj;Jtpl;lhNdh mij(j; jd;dplj;jpy;) epWj;jpf;
nfhs;fpwhd;¢ kPjpAs;stw;iw xU Fwpg;gpl;l jtiz tiu (tho;tjw;fhf) mDg;gp tpLfpwhd; -
rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; kf;fSf;F> epr;rakhf mjpy; mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (]_wh my; [Pkh; :
42)

,J jhd; cz;ikahd kuzk;. ntspg;Gwk; kf;fs; fhz;gJ xU cly; gbg;gbahf mjd;

nray;ghLfis ,of;Fk; medical kuzkhFk;. xUth; kuzpf;Fk; Ntisapy; ntspapypUe;J
ghh;f;Fk; kf;fs; mtuJ Kfk; kw;Wk; gpd;Gwk; mbf;fg;gLtijAk; caph; njhz;ilia miltijAk;
ghh;gjpy;iy. ,jDld; njhlh;Gila xUtdpd; capNu ,e;j czh;Tfis mDgtpg;gNjhL ,j;jifa
fhl;rpfis fhz;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ntspapypUe;J ghh;gth;fis tpl kuz Neuj;jpy; xUth; mjd;
midj;J topfspYk; kuzj;ij Ritg;ghh;. NtW tifapy; $Wtjhdhy; kuz Neuj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
epfo;Tfs; xU epiyapypUe;J ,d;ndhU epiyf;F khWtjhFk;.

ek;gpf;ifahshpd; my;yJ Vf ,iwtid kWj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; xUthpdJ kuzk; xU epkplj;ij

nfhz;L jhkjpf;fNth my;yJ mtrug;gl khl;lhJ. kdpjd; vq;F ,Ue;jhYk;> mth;fSila Neuk;
te;Jtpl;lhy;> kuzk; te;Nj jPUk;. kuzj;ij mDgtpf;Fk; tpjkhdJ xUtUf;F xUth;
tpj;jpahrg;gl;l NghjpYk; ,it th;zpf;f Kbahjit.

ek;gpf;ifahshpd; kuzk;

„ kuzkiltJ cWjp vd;W tpsq;fpa ek;gpk;ifahsd; mtdJ tho;ehs; KotJk; mjw;fhf

jhahuhfpwhd;. gpd;G mjpy; ntw;wpailfpwhd;.
„ capiu gwpf;f tUk; thdth;fs; mtDf;F tho;j;J $wp mtDf;F Rth;f;fk; vd;w ed;khuak;
$Wfpwhh;fs;.
„ thdth;fs; ek;gpf;ifahshpd; capiu nkJthf vLg;ghh;fs;
„ jdf;F ,iwtd; Rth;fj;ij thf;fspj;Js;shd; vd;w ew;nra;jpia cyfpYs;s kw;wth;fSf;F
$w mDkjp Nfl;ghd;. Mdhy; mJ mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.
 Vf ,iwtid kWj;jthpd; kuzk;

„ mtd; tho;ehspy; rpe;jpg;gjpypUe;J tpyfpapUe;j kuzj;ij re;jpg;ghd;

„ kuzk; Vw;gLk; NghJ mtdJ cly; gaq;fukhf eLq;Fk;.
„ thdth;fs; euf Ntjidapd; nra;jpia $Wthh;fs;.
„ mtdJ gpd;Gwk; kw;Wk; Kfj;jpy; mbj;j epiyapy; mtdJ capiu gpbq;fp vLg;ghh;fs;
„ fLikahd NtjidAld; mtdJ caph; vLf;fg;gLk;
„ caph; mtdJ njhz;il Fopia mile;jTld; mtid Fzg;gLj;j ahUk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhh;fs;
„ mtdJ caph; fbdkhd Kiwapy; vLf;fg;gLk;
„ kuzNtisapy; mtd; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJk; ghtkd;dpg;Gk; NfhUtJk; Vw;Wnfhs;sg;glkhl;lhJ

kuzj;ij ntspapypUe;J ghh;f;Fk; kf;fSf;F medical kuzj;jpy; ghlk; fw;W nfhs;syhk>;

mjhtJ kuzkhdJ kdpjdpd; cly; ve;j mstpw;F gadw;wjhf;FfpwJ vd;w cz;ik fhl;LfpwJ.
MfNt kuzKk; GijFopAk; ek; xt;nthUtUf;fhfTk; fhj;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. MfNt mij
rpe;jpg;gJk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJk; rhy rpwe;jJ.

cly; kuzkiljy; (ntspapypUe;J ghh;g;gJ)

kuzpf;Fk; jUthapy; caph; mJ thOk; kdpj clypypUe;J ntspNawpaTld; mJ capuw;w cliy
tpl;Lr; nry;fpwJ. capUs;sitfs; jdJ Njhiy khw;Wtij Nghd;W mJ ntsp $l;il Jwe;J
cz;ikahd tho;it Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ..

.,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j clYf;F mjd; cz;ik epiy mwpahJ mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gth;fSf;F $L
,e;j cyfpy; jq;fptpLtjhdJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

xUth; kuzpj;jTld; ,e;j caph; nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;j $l;bw;F vd;d elf;Fk; vd;gij gw;wp ePq;fs;
vg;NghjhtJ rpe;jpj;jJz;lh?

xU ehs; ePq;fSk; kuzkiltPh;fs;. mJ ePq;fs; vfph;ghuj tpjj;jpy; tuyhk;. ePq;fs; nghUs; thq;f
filf;F NghFk; topapy; thfdk; cq;fis NkhJk; my;yJ caph;nfhy;yp Neha; cq;fs; tho;it
KbTf;F nfhz;LtUk; my;yJ ve;j fhuzKk; ,d;wp cq;fs; ,jak; Jbg;gJ epd;W tplyhk;

MfNt, ePq;fs; kuzj;ij Ritf;f Muk;gpf;fpwPh;fs;

,jpypUe;J cq;fs; clYld; cq;fSf;F ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy. ePq;fs; cq;fs; tho;ehs;
KOtJk; cq;fSilaJ vd;W nrhy;yp te;j cq;fs; cly; rhjhuz Njhy; Ftpayhf khwptpLk;.
ePq;fs; kuzpj;jTld; cq;fs; cly; kw;wth;fshy; Jhf;fp nry;yg;gLk;. cq;fis Rw;wp kf;fs; ftiy
nfhz;L mOJ nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;. cly; gpNuj miwf;F vLj;J nry;yg;gl;L xU ,uT mq;F
,Uf;Fk;. mLj;j ehs; Gijg;gjw;fhd Ntiyfs; eilngWk;. jw;NghJ ,Wfpa epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;
capuw;w cly; Fsph;e;j ePuhy; fOtg;gLk;. mNjNeuk; kuzpj;jjd; mwpFwpahf clypd; rpy ghfq;fs;
Cjh epwkhf khWk;.

gpwF cly; Jzpahy; Rw;wg;gl;L rtg;ngl;bf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;. kuzthfdk; rtg;ngl;bia nfhz;L

nry;y jahuhf ,Uf;Fk;. GijFopia Nehf;fp nry;Yk; NghJ kf;fs; njUf;fspy; fhzg;gLthh;fs;.
kuzCh;jpia ghh;f;Fk; rpyh; khpahij nra;thh;fs;. Mdhy; ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; mth;fSila md;whl
Njitfspy; %o;fpapUg;ghh;fs;. cq;fis Nerpg;gth;fSk; cq;fis Nerpg;gjhf fUJgth;fSk;
rtg;ngl;bia GijFop Nehf;fp Jhf;fp nry;thh;fs;. kPz;Lk; me;j ,lj;jpy; kf;fs; mOJGyk;Gthh;fs;.
gpwF kf;fs; jg;gpf;f Kbahj ,lj;jpy; milthh;fs;.. rtf;Fop gyifapy; cq;fs; ngah;
vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk;. cq;fsJ capuw;w cly; rtg;ngl;bapypUe;J ntspNa vLf;fg;gl;L rtf;Fopf;Fs;
itf;fg;gLk;. filrpahf cq;fSf;fhf gpuhj;jpf;fg;gLk;. ,Wjpahf kf;fs; cq;fis kz;zhy;
%Lthh;fs;. cq;fis Rw;wpAs;s Jzpapy; kz; tPrg;gLk;. mJ cq;fs; tha;, njhz;il, fz;,
%f;F Mfpatw;iw milj;J nfhs;Sk;. gpwF kz; cq;fs; Jzpia Kw;wpYk; %bf;nfhs;Sk;. ,Wjp
fphpiffs; Kbtile;J kf;fs; fiye;J nry;thh;fs;. GijGFop mjd; Mo;e;j mikjpf;F jpUk;gptpLk;.
cq;fsJ filrp fphpiffsf;F te;jth;fs; jq;fSila md;whl NjitfSf;fhf nrd;WtpLthh;fs;.
cq;fs; capuw;w cliy nghUj;jtiuapy; tho;if vd;gJ mh;j;jkw;w xd;whFk;. xU mofhd tPL,
ey;y tl;lrhl;lkhd kdpjd;> ey;y epyk; midj;jpw;Fk; ve;j mh;j;jKk; fpilahJ. cq;fs; cly;
,dpNky; ez;gh;fis re;jpf;fhJ. md;W Kjy; cly; kz;Zk; GOf;fSk; mjpYs;s gf;Bhpahf;fSk;
kl;LNk nrhe;jkhfptpLk;.

ePq;fs; kuzpj;j gpd;G cq;fs; cly; vt;thW ,Uf;fk; vd;W rpe;jpj;J ghh;jJz;lh ?

cq;fs; cly; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lTld; cs;spUe;Jk; ntspapypUe;Jk; fhuzpfshy; tpiuthf

mOfptpLk;.

ePq;fs; GijFopf;Fs; itf;fg;gl;lTld; xl;rprd; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; gf;Bhpah kw;Wk; ,ju

G+r;rpfspdJk; nray;ghLfs; mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j Ez;zq;fpfshy; ntspaplg;gLk; thAf;fs; cliy
ntbf;f nra;Ak;. tapw;W gFjpapy; Muk;gpj;J mjd; Njhw;wj;ij khw;wptpLk;. khh;G gFjpapype;J
ntspaplg;gLk; thAf;fspd; mOj;jj;jhy; thapypUe;Jk; %f;fpypUe;Jk; ,uj;jk; frpAk;. ,t;thW
khw;wkiltjhy; clypYs;s Kbfs;> efq;fs; Fjpfhy; kw;Wk; njhil Mfpait fod;WtpOk;.
clk;gpd; ntspg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fshy; clypd; cl;gFjpapYs;s ,jak;> <uy;> Fly;
Nghd;wit mOfptpLk;. ,t;Ntisapy; tapw;W gFjpapy; gaq;fukhd epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;. thAf;fspd;
mOj;jk; jhq;fKbahky; Njhy; ntbj;J jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahj Jh;thil tPRk;. kz;il
Xl;bypUe;J Muk;gpj;J rij mjd; Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J tpyfptpLk;. NjhYk; kw;wa nky;ypa
jpRf;fSk; Kw;wpYkhf mope;JtpLk;. %is mOfp fpNs (clay) Nghd;W MfptpLk;. cly; vOk;G
kl;Lk; kpQ;Rk; tiu ,e;j epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;.

ehd; vd;W ePq;fs; ngUik ghuhl;ba cq;fs; cly; mUtUg;ghd gaq;fukhd tpjj;jpy; kiwe;J
NghFk;. ePq;fs; kj rk;gpujhaq;fSf;fhf tpl;L nry;gitfis kz;zpYs;s GOf;fSk; gf;Bhpahf;fSk;
G+r;rpfSk; cliy jpd;WtpLk;.

ePq;fs; tpgj;jpy; ,we;J Gijf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;why; mjd; tpisTfs; ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
rhjhuz ehspy; miwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,iwr;rpia Nghd;W cq;fs; cliy GOf;fs; cz;Zk;.
GOf;fs; filrp khhkprj;ij cz;lgpd;dh; cq;fs; clk;G vYk;ghf khwptpLk;.

,t;thNw rpwe;j Kiwapy; gilf;fg;gl;l kdpjdpd; tho;if kpf gaq;fukhd Kbtpw;F tUfpwJ.

Vd; ?.
mJ epr;rakhf ,iwtdpd; tpUg;gg;gbNa ,j;jifa Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; Kbit re;jpf;fpwJ. mJ kpf
Kf;fpa nra;jp xd;iw cs;Ns itj;Js;sJ. mjhtJ Nkhrkhd Kbit vjph; Nehf;Fk; kdpjd; mtd;
mtdJ cly;y khwhf clYf;Fs; GFj;jg;gl;Ls;s Md;khthFk;. NtW tifapy; $Wtjhdhy;
kdpjdhy; cly; ,y;yhky; thoKbAk; vd;W njhpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk.; ,j;jifa Kbtpd; %yk;
kdpjd; jhd; rijAk; Ks; nfhz;L kl;Lk; gilf;fg;gl;ltd; my;yd; vd;gij Ghpe;J
nfhssN;tz;Lk;.

jdJ ntsp Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk; kdpjd; ,e;j cyfk; jw;fhypfkhdJ vd;Wk;
kuzj;jpd; %yk; mtdJ tho;if KbtilfpwJ vd;gij jdJ cliy ghh;j;J njhpe;J
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mJ kz;zhy; mopf;fg;gl;L GOf;fshy; cz;zg;gl;L vYk;G $lhf khWk;.

,e;j cyfpd; jw;fhypf tho;if

kdpjd; mtdJ cliy ve;NeuKk; Rj;jkhf itj;J nfhs;s mjpf Neuq;fis nrytpLtJ Vd;
vd;W ePq;fs; vg;NghjtJ rpe;jpj;J ghh;jJz;lh? mRj;jkhd cly;, Jh;thil tPrf;$ba tha;,
gpRgpRg;ghd rUkk; my;yJ Kb Nghd;w epiyfs; Vw;gLtJ Vd;? kdpjdpd; clypypUe;J ehw;wk;
Vw;gLtJ Vd;?

kdpjid Nghyy;yhJ jhtuq;fs; kpfTk; rpwg;ghd eWkzj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJ. NuhIh my;yJ NtW
ve;j G+Nth mit kz;zpy; tsh;e;J Jhrpahd mRj;jkhd #o;epiyapy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mit
Jh;thil tPRtjpy;iy. kdpjd; vt;tsT f\;lg;gl;L mtdJ cliy guhkhpj;jhYk; mtdhy; epue;ju
eWkzj;ij ngw;W nfhs;sNt Kbtjpy;iy.
kdpjd; Vd; ,t;tsT gytPdq;fis cilatdhf gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd; vd;gij gw;wp rpe;jpj;J
ghh;jJz;lh? G+f;fspy; eWkzk; tPr nra;j ,iwtd; kdpjdpy; cliy Vd; ehw;wk; tuf;$bajhf
gilj;jhd;?

kdpjdpd; gytPdk; ehw;wj;NjhL kl;Lk; tiuaWf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf mtDf;F Nrhh;tile;J

grpf;fpwJ, jsh;tilfpwhd;, fhakilfpwhd;, Neha; Vw;gLfpd;wd….

,it midj;ijAk; Nrh;e;J rhjhuz kdpjd; cz;lhf;fpa NghjpYk; mtw;wpy; Vkhw;wf;$baitfSk;

,Uf;fpd;wd. rpt Neuk; clypypUe;J Jh;thil tPrhkypUf;fyhk;. mij Nghd;W xUth; jiy typ
my;yJ NtW ve;j NehahYk; ghjpf;f glhkypUf;fyhk;. ,e;j gytPdq;fs; jw;nraykhf Vw;gLtJ
,y;iy khwhf ,iwtdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,iwtd; kdpjid xU Fwpg;gpl;l jpl;lj;jpw;fhf
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw mtid gytPdkhdtdhf gilj;Js;shd;.

me;j jpl;lk; ,uz;L fhuzq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ : KjyhtJ kdpjd; mtd; gytPdkhd

,iwtdpd; mbik vd;gij czuNtz;Lk;. vt;tpj gytPdKk; ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ ,iwtdpd;
jd;ik. mtdJ mbikfs; Kw;WKOjhf gytPdkhdth;fs; mth;fs; mth;fsJ gilg;ghsdpd; ghy;
NjitAs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,ij Fh;Md; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwJ:

kdpjHfNs! my;yh`;tpd; cjtp (vg;nghOJk;) Njitg;gl;ltHfshf ,Ug;gtHfs; ePq;fs;¢

Mdhy; my;yh`; vthplKk; Njitg;glhjtd;¢ GfOf;Fhpatd;. mtd; ehbdhy;> cq;fisg;
Nghf;fptpl;L> (NtnwhU) Gjpagilg;igf; nfhz;L tUthd;. ,J my;yh`;Tf;Ff;
fbdkhdJky;y. (]_wh my;ghjph; : 15-17)

gytPdkhd kdpj cly; mtd; gytPdkhdtd; vd;gij kdpjDf;F njhlh;r;rpahf epidT+l;LfpwJ.

kdpjd; jd;id NkyhdtdhfTk; jd;epiwthdtdhfTk; epidf;f$Lk;. MdhYk; xt;nthU ehSk;
mtd; nry;Yk; foptiw kw;Wk; mq;F mtd; fhz;git mtdJ cz;ikahd epiyia mtDf;F
njhpag;gLj;Jk;.

,uz;lhtJ Nehf;fk; ,j;jifa gytPdq;fs; kdpjdpd; tho;T jw;fhypfkhdJ vd;gij

epidT+l;LfpwJ. fhuzk; ,e;j cyfpy; ,j;jifa gytPdq;fs;; clYf;F tprpj;jpukhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
kWikapy; Rth;f;fthrpfSf;F KOikahd cly; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j cyfpYs;s epiwtw;w
gytPdkhd clyhdJ ek;gpf;ifahsdpd; cz;ikahd clyy;y khwhf Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F
jq;fpAs;s jw;fhypfkhd cUtkhFk;.

mjdhy; jhd; ,e;j cyfpy; cz;ikahd moif ngwKbahJs;sJ. kpfTk; trPfukhd mofhd
xUtd; foptiwf;F nry;fpwhd; mtDf;F tpah;fpwJ fhiyapy; Jh;thil tPRfpwJ gpwF typahy;
mtjpgLfpwhd;. xUtd; jd;id Rj;jkhf itj;Jnfhs;s Kbtpy;yhj md;whl tplaq;fspy; <Lgl
Ntz;bAs;sJ. trPfukhd Kfj;ij nfhz;l rpyUf;F cly; mikg;G rPuhf ,Uf;fhJ.. mofhd
fz;fisAila rpyUf;F %f;F nghpjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,ij Nghd;W vz;zpylq;fhj cjhuzq;fis
$wyhk;. vy;yhk; rpwg;ghf cs;s xUtd; fLikahd Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUg;ghd;.

,tw;Wf;F Nkyhf, vy;yhk; rpwg;ghf mike;j xUtd; epr;rakhf tNahjpgj;ij mile;J kuzpg;ghd;.
vjph;ghuhj rhiy tpgj;jpy; kWrPuikf;f Kbahj mstpw;F cly; fhakilayhk;. ,e;j cyfpy; kdpj
cly; khj;jpuk; epiyapy;yhj jw;fhypfkhdJ vd;W $wKbahJ. midj;J G+f;fSk; thLfpd;wd.
kpfTk; Ritahd czT mOfp gadw;W NghfpwJ. ,it midj;Jk; ,t;Tyfpd; mrhjhuzkhdit.
,t;Tyfpy; vkf;F kw;Wk; ,e;j clYf;Fk; nfhLf;g;gl;l FWfpa tho;if ,iwtdpd; jw;fhypf
mUshFk;. epue;ju tho;Tk; epiwthd gilg;Gk; kWikapy; jhd; rhj;jpakhFk;. ,ij Fh;Md; $Wk;
NghJ:

cq;fsplk; jug;gl;bUf;Fk; vg;nghUSk;, (epiyaw;w) ,t;Tyf tho;ifapd; (mw;g) Rfq;fNs.

,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;L jq;fs; ,iwtdplk; (jq;fs; fhhpaq;fis KOikahhf xg;gilj;J)
ek;gpf;if nfhs;NthUf;F ,iwtdplj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ kpf;f NkyhdJk; epiyahdJkhFk;.
(]_wh m\;-\_wh: 36)
kw;nwhU trdj;jpy; ,t;Tyfpd; cz;ik epiyia tpsf;FfpwJ :

mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;: 'epr;rakhf ,t;Tyf tho;f;if tpisahl;Lk;> Ntbf;ifAk;>

myq;fhuKNkahFk;¢ NkYk; (mJ) cq;fspilNa ngUikabj;Jf; nfhs;tJk;¢
nghUs;fisAk;> re;jjpfisAk; ngUf;FtJNkahFk;¢ (,J) kioapd; cjhuzj;Jf;F
xg;ghFk;¢ (mjhtJ:) mJ Kisg;gpf;Fk; gapH tptrhapfis Mde;jg; gLj;JfpwJ¢ Mdhy;>
rPf;fpuNk mJ cyHe;J kQ;rs; epwk; Mtij ePH fhz;fpd;wPH¢ gpd;dH mJ $skhfp tpLfpwJ¢
(cyf tho;Tk; ,j;jifaNj¢ vdNt cyf tho;tpy; kaq;fpNahUf;F) kWikapy; fLikad
NtjidAz;L¢ (K/kpd;fSf;F) my;yh`;tpd; kd;dpg;Gk;> mtd; nghUj;jKk; cz;L - MfNt>
,t;Tyf tho;f;if Vkhw;Wk; nrhw;g RfNk jtpu (NtW) ,y;iy. (]_wh my;-`jPj; : 20)

RUq;f $Wtjhapd; ,t;Tyfpy; ,iwtd; mtdJ vy;iyaw;w rf;jpf;Fk; mwptpw;Fk; mj;jhl;rpahf gy

mofhd tpaf;fj;jf;fitfisAk; FiwAs;stfisAk; gilj;Js;shd;. epue;juk; kw;Wk; Nkd;ik
Mfpait ,t;Tyf epajpf;F vjpuhdJ. kdpjd; vt;tsT rpe;jid nra;jhYk; mtdJ etPd
njhopEl;gj;ij cgNahfpj;jhYk; ,iwtdpd; epajpfis khw;w KbahJ. ,jdhy; jhd; kf;fs;
kWikia mile;J ,iwtDf;F Kiwahd ed;wpiaAk; khpahijiaAk; nrYj;j Kw;gLth;. NkYk;
kf;fs; ,t;Tyfj;jpy; ew;NgWfis milaKbahJ vd;gij czh;e;J mjw;fhd epue;ju ,lk;
ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSf;F jahh;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij czuNtz;Lk;. ,ij Fh;Md; ,t;thW
tpsf;FfpwJ :

vdpDk;> ePq;fNsh (kWikia tpl;L tpl;L) ,t;Tyf tho;itj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwPHfs;.

Mdhy; kWik (tho;f;if)Nah rpwe;jjhFk;¢ vd;Wk; epiyj;jpUg;gJk; MFk;. (]_wh my;-
M/yh : 16-17)

,d;ndhW trdj;jpy; “,d;Dk;> ,t;Tyf tho;f;if tPZk; tpisahl;LNkad;wp Ntwpy;iy - ,d;Dk;

epr;rakhf kWikf;Fhpa tPL jplkhf mJNt (epj;jpakhd) tho;thFk; - ,tHfs; (,ij)
mwpe;jpUe;jhy;. “ (]_wh md; fG+j; : 64) jw;fhypf Gfyplkhd ,e;j cyfj;jpw;Fk; epue;ju tho;thd
kWikf;Fk; ,ilNa rpwpa ,ilntspNa ,Uf;fpwJ. kuzk; vDk; fUtpia nfhz;L ,e;j jpiu
ePf;fg;gLfpwJ. kdpjd; kuzj;NjhL mtdJ cly; kw;Wk; ,e;j cyfj;NjhLs;s midj;J ge;j
gpizg;GfisAk; Jz;bj;J mtDf;F gilf;fg;gl;l GJ clYld; mtdJ epue;ju tho;it
Muk;gpg;ghd;.

kuzj;jpd; gpd; cz;ikahd tho;if Muk;gkhtjhy; cz;ikahd ,aw;ifapd; rl;lq;fSk; mt;thNw

kWikf;F Vw;wthW mikAk;. ,t;TyfpYs;s rl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; FiwAs;s epiwtw;w
epue;jukw;witfs; ,Ug;gpDk; mit cz;ikay;y mit khwf;$bait. cz;ikahd rl;lq;fs;
vy;iyaw;w jd;dpfuw;w kuzkilahjitfspd; mbg;gilapNyNa cUthf;fg;gLk;. NtWtifapy;
$Wtjhdhy; rhjhuzkhdJ vd;dntd;why; thlhj G+f;fs;, tNahjpgj;ij milahj kdpjd;,
mOfhj goq;fs;. cz;ikahd rl;lq;fs; kdpjdpd; xt;nthU MirfSk; clNd G+h;jpahf Ntz;Lk;.
mtDf;F Neha;fs; tuf;$lhJ. NkYk; FspiuNah my;yJ tpah;itiaNah czuTk; $lhJ.
jw;fhypf rl;lq;fs; ,e;j jw;fhypf cyfpy; eilKiwapy; cs;sd Mdhy; cz;ikahd rl;lq;fs;
kWik tho;ifapy; tUk;. ,t;Tyfpy; fhzg;gLk; midj;J FiwAs;s epiwtw;witfSk;;
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw khRg;gLj;jg;gl;l cz;ikahd rl;lq;fshFk;.

cz;ikahd rl;lq;fis nfhz;Ls;s kWik epidg;gij Nghd;W kpf njhiytpypy;iy. ,iwtd;

mtd; ehLk; ve;j NtisapYk; kdpjdpd; tho;it Kbj;J mtid kWikf;F mDg;Gthd;. ,e;j epiy
khw;wk; fz; rpkpl;Lk; vLj;J nfhs;Sk; kpf FWfpa fhyj;jpy; eilngWk;. ,J xUth; fdtpypUe;J
vOk;Gtjw;F xg;gplyhk;.

Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; ePq;fs; G+kpapy; vt;tsT (fhyk;) ,Ue;jPHfs;?" vd;W Nfl;ghd;.

'xU ehs; my;yJ xU ehspd; rpwpJ ghfk; ehq;fs; jq;fpapUe;jpUg;Nghk;. (,ijg;gw;wpf;)

fzpg;gtHfsplk; eP Nfl;ghahf!" vd;W mtHfs; $WthHfs;. 'xU nrhw;g fhyk; jtpu (G+kpapy;
mjpfk;) ePq;fs; jq;ftpy;iy. ePq;fs; (,ij) mwpe;jpUe;jhy;!" vd;W (,iwtd;) $Wthd;.
 'ehk; cq;fisg; gilj;jnjy;yhk; tPZf;fhf vd;Wk;> ePq;fs; ek;kplj;jpy; epr;rakhf kPl;lg;gl
khl;BHfs; vd;Wk; vz;zpf; nfhz;BHfsh?" (vd;Wk; ,iwtd; Nfl;ghd;.) (]_wh my; %/kpd;:
112-115)
kuzk; tUk; Ntid, fdTfs; Kbtpw;F te;J kdpjd; mtdJ cz;ikahd tho;it Muk;gpf;fpwhd;.
,e;j cyfpy; fz;rpkpl;Lk; Neuk; ,Ue;j kdpjd; ,iwtDf;F Kd; cyfpy; mtd; nra;jitfSf;fhd
fzf;Ffis fhl;l tUthd;. mtd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; kuzj;ij kdjpy; itj;J ,iwtdpd;
mUis ehbatdhf tho;e;jpUe;jhy; mtd; fhg;ghw;wg;gLthd;. Fh;Md; ,th;fis tyf;fuj;jpy;
gl;Nlhiy nfhLf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;W miof;fpwJ.

MfNt> vtUila gl;Nlhiy mtUila tyf;ifapy; nfhLf;fg;gLNkh> mtH (kfpo;Tld;)>

',Njh! vd; gl;Nlhiyiag; gbAq;fs;" vdf; $WthH. 'epr;rakhf> ehk; cd;Dila Nfs;tp
fzf;if> jpl;lkhf re;jpg;Ngd; vd;W vz;zpNa ,Ue;Njd;." (]_wh my;-`hf;fh :19-20)

kuzj;jpypUe;J ghlk; gbf;f jtwpath;fspd; epiy

ngUk;ghydth;fsplk; kuzj;ijgw;wp rhpahd rpe;jid ,y;iy. “ tho;tpd; KbT kuzk;” vd;gJ
mjpy; xd;W. xUgb Kd; nrd;why; kuzk; vd;gJ mLj;j tho;tpd; Muk;gk; vd;gij Ghpe;J
nfhs;thd;. ,e;j kiwKfkhd Njhw;wkhdJ Vf ,iwtid kWg;gth;fis FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs;
midj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W J}z;LfpwJ. mjdhy; jhd; kWik gw;wp cz;ikfis
czuhjth;fs; ,t;Tyf tho;ehspNyNa midj;ijAk; mDgtpj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs;.
ey;yJ vJ nfl;lJ vJ vd;W gphpj;J mwpahky; mth;fSila midj;J uridfisAk; Urpj;J tpl
Ntz;Lk; vd;W Jbf;fpwhh;fs;. ,th;fs; ,t;thW ele;K nfhs;s fhuzk; kuzj;NjhL ,t;Tyfpd;
midj;J Rfq;fSk; Kbe;J tpLk; vd;w rpe;jidNa.. mth;fSf;F ,d;Dk; gy fhyk; capUld;
,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;w rpe;jidapd; fhuzkhf ePz;l fhy jpl;lq;fis jPl;Lfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; jq;fis
mwpthspfshf epidg;gNjhL ,iwtidAk; kWikiaAk; cWjpahf ek;gp mjw;fhf jq;fis
jahh;gLj;Jfpd;w ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis Kl;lhs;fs; vd;W fUJfpwhh;fs;. ,J rhj;jhdhy; kdpjid
Vkhw;w ifahSk; goikahd KiwahFk;. ,e;j goikahd Kiwia vr;rhpf;Fk; tpjkhf ,iwtd;
,t;thW $Wfpwhd;.

epr;rakhf> vtHfs; NeHtop ,d;dnjd;W mtHfSf;Fj; njspthdgpd;> jk; KJFfisj;

jpUg;gpf; nfhz;L NghfpwhHfNsh> (mt;thW Nghtij) i\j;jhd; mofhf;fp> (mtHfSila
jtwhd vz;zq;fisAk;) mtHfSf;Fg; ngUf;fp tpl;lhd;. (]_wh K`k;kJ : 25)

i\j;jhd; mtHfSf;F thf;fspf;fpwhd;¢ mtHfSf;F tPzhd vz;zq;fisAk;

cz;lhf;Ffpwhd;¢ NkYk; me;j i\j;jhd; Vkhw;Wtijj; jtpu NtW (vjidAk;) mtHfSf;F
thf;fspf;ftpy;iy. (]_wh md; eprh: 120)

tho;if epue;jukhdJ vd;W mjp\;lk; ,t;Tyfpy; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; Vf ,iwtid kWg;gth;fs; tho;it

Nghl;bahfNt fUJthh;fs;. mth;fsJ tho;if KOtJk; Foe;ijfspYk;> clikfspYk; ngUik
milthh;fs;. ,e;j ngUik mth;fSf;F Nghyp nfsutj;ij nfhLg;gjhy; kWikda rpe;jid tpl;Lk;
mth;fs; KOikahf tpyfp nrd;W tpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fspd; ngUk; jtwpd; fhuzkhf mth;fspd; filrp
,yf;F vt;thW mikAk; vd;W Fh;Md; tpsf;FfpwJ.

mtHfSf;F ehk; nry;tj;ijAk; re;jjpfisAk; mjpfkhff; nfhLj;jpUg;gJ gw;wp mtHfs; vd;d

vz;zpf;nfhz;lhHfs;? mtHfSf;F ed;ikfspy; ehk; tpiue;J toq;FfpNwhk; vd;W mtHfs;
vz;zpf; nfhz;lhHfsh? mt;thwy;y¢ mtHfs; (,ij) czHtjpy;iy. (]_wh my;-%/kpd; :
55-56.)

mtHfSila nry;tq;fSk;> mtHfSila kf;fs; (ngUf;fKk;) ck;ik Mr;rhpag;gLj;j

Ntz;lhk;¢ my;yh`; mtw;iwf; nfhz;L ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapNyNa mtHfis Ntjid
nra;aTk;> mtHfs; fh/gpHfshf ,Uf;fpw epiyapy; mtHfSila capHfs; gphptijAk;
ehLfpwhd;. (]_wh mj;-jt;gh: 55)

,iwtd; kdpjDf;F kuzj;ijAk; kWikiaAk; gw;wp rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNT gy

vr;rhpf;iffisAk; ,iwnra;jpfisAk; nfhLf;fpwhd;. ,d;ndhU trdj;jpy; ,iwtd; kdpjDf;F
Nrhjidfs; vr;rhpf;ifahfNt nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W $Wfpwhd;
 xt;NthH Mz;bYk;> xU KiwNah> ,U KiwNah mtHfs; Nrhjpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;" vd;gij
mtHfs; fhztpy;iyah? mg;gbapUe;Jk; mtHfs; jt;gh nra;J kPs;tJkpy;iy¢(mJ gw;wp)
epidT $He;J ey;YzHr;rp ngWtJkpy;iy. (]_wh mj;-jt;gh : 126)

cz;ikahfNt kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdth;fs; gy Nrhjidfis re;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. mjdhy;

mth;fs; mbf;fb ght kd;dpg;G Nfl;L ey;Yzh;r;rp ngWfpd;wdh;. ,e;j nray; elg;gJ mhpJ mjhtJ
tUlj;jpy; xUKiwNah my;yJ ,UKiwNah elf;Fk;. ,jw;F khw;wkhf rpwpajhf md;whlk;
eilngWfpd;w njhy;iyfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. kdpjd; kuzq;fisAk;> fhaq;fisAk;> tpgj;JfisAk;
jpdKk; re;jpf;fpwhd;. gj;jphpf;iffs; kuznra;jpfshYk; kuz mwptpj;jy;fshYk; epiwe;J
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa epfo;TfNshL ,aw;if mopTfs; ve;NeuKk; te;J kdpjdJ ghPl;ir
Neuj;ij Kbj;JtpLk; vd;W epidf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa tpopg;Gzh;T xUtid ,iwtid
Qhgf%l;b mtdplj;jpy; milf;fyk; Njb mtdplj;jpy; ghtkd;dpg;G Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jk;.

Nrhjidfspd; %yk; ghlk; fw;W nfhs;Sk; ek;gpf;ifahsd; cWjpailfpwhd;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,Nj epfo;T
Vf ,iwtid kWg;gth;fSf;F NtWtpjkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. kuz gaj;jhy; jpfpyile;J
kuzj;jpd; cz;ikfis Nahrpf;fhky; mjid kwf;f Kw;gLthh;fs;. ,t;thW nra;tjd; %yk;
mth;fs; ghJfhg;G NjLfpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,j;jifa Vkhw;Wk; Kiw mth;fSf;F NfL
tpistpf;Fk;. fhuzk; ,iwtd; mth;fsJ Neuk; tUk; tiu mth;fis tpl;Litf;fpwhd;. ,e;j
jtiz mth;fs; rpe;jpg;gjw;F khw;wkhf mth;fSf;F vjpuhf nray;gLfpwJ. (]_wh md; e`y; :
61).; Fh;Mdpy; NtnwhU ,lj;jpy; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,d;Dk;> mtHfis (clDf;Fld; jz;bf;fhky;) ehk; jhkjpg;gJ (me;j) fh/gpHfSf;F -

epuhfhpg;gtHfSf;F - ey;yJ vd;W mtHfs; fUj Ntz;lhk;¢ (jz;lidia) ehk;
mtHfSf;Fj; jhkjg; gLj;Jtnjy;yhk; mtHfs; ghtj;ij mjpfkhf;Ftjw;Nf jhd; -
mtHfSf;F ,opT jUk; NtjidAk; cz;L.”(]_wh My-,k;whd;: 178)

jdJ neUq;fpathpd; kuzj;jpd; %yk; ey;Yzh;r;rp ngwhj rpe;jidaw;w kdpjd; mtd; kuzj;ij
neUq;Fk; re;jh;gj;jpy; ,iwtdplj;jpy; kpfTk; mUis Ntz;batdhf khWthd;.

mtNd cq;fisj; jiuapYk;> flypYk; gazk; nra;aitf;fpwhd;¢ (rpy rkak;) ePq;fs; fg;gypy;
,Uf;Fk;NghJ - rhjfkhd ey;y fhw;wpdhy; (fg;gypYs;s) mtHfisf; fg;gy;fs; (Rke;J)
nry;Yk;NghJ mtHfs; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhHfs;¢ gpd;dH Gay; fhw;W tPrp vy;yhg;gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk;
miyfs; NkhJk; NghJ> epr;rakhf (miyfshy;) #og;gl;Nlhk; (jg;g topapy;iyNa)" vd;W
vz;ZfpwhHfs;¢ mr;rkaj;jpy; J}a cs;sj;Jld;> 'eP vq;fis ,jpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wp tpl;lhy;>
nka;ahfNt ehq;fs; cdf;F ed;wp nrYj;JgtHfshf ,Ug;Nghk;" vd;W my;yh`;tplk;
gpuhHj;jpf;fpd;whHfs;. (]_wh A+Dh]; : 22)

,j;jifa kf;fs; mth;fsJ Nrhjidfs; ePf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh; mth;fsJ gioa epiyf;F

khwptpLfpd;wdh;. mth;fSila thf;FWjpfis kwe;J rpwpjsNtDk; kdrhl;rpapd;wp Nghypahd epiyapy;
nrd;WtpLfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa ngha;ahditfs; epaha jPh;g;G ehspy; mth;fSf;F vjpuhf
rhl;rpakspf;Fk;.

mtd; mtHfisf; fhg;ghw;wp tpl;lJk; mtHfs; G+kpapd; Nky; epahakpy;yhJ mopr;rhl;bak;

nra;fpwhHfs;¢ kdpjHfNs! cq;fs; mopr;rhl;baq;nfy;yhk; cq;fSf;Nf NflhfKbAk;¢ cyf
tho;f;ifapy; rpwpJ Rfk; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwPHfs;¢ ,jd; gpd;dH ek;kplNk ePq;fs;
jpUk;g tu Ntz;bajpUf;fpwJ. mg;NghJ ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jij cq;fSf;F ehk;
mwptpg;Nghk;. (]_wh A+Dh]; : 23)

kuzj;jpd; NghJk; kdpjd; ,Nj Kiwia ifahs Kw;gLthd; ,Ug;gpDk; mtDf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l
Neuk; Kbe;Jtpl;lJ.

NkYk;> ,f;Fw;wthspfs; jk; ,iwtd; Kd; jiyFdpe;jtHfsha;> 'vq;fs; ,iwth! ehq;fs;

(,g;nghOJ) ghHj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;> Nfl;Lk; nfhz;Nlhk; - MfNt> eP (cyFf;F) vq;fisj;
jpUg;gp mDg;gpit¢ ehq;fs; ew;fUkq;fisNa nra;Nthk;. epr;rakha; ehq;fs; (ek;gpf;ifapy;)
 cWjpAs;stHfshf Mfptpl;Nlhk;" vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ (egpNa!) ePH ghHg;gPuhapd; (mtHfSila
epiyia ePH mwpe;J nfhs;tPH). NkYk; ehk; ehbapUe;jhy;> xt;NthH Mj;khTf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa
NeHtopia ehk; nfhLj;jpUg;Nghk;¢ Mdhy; 'ehd; epr;rakhf eufj;ij - [pd;fisAk;> (jPa)
kdpjHfisAk; - Mfpa ahtiuAk; nfhz;L epug;GNtd;" vd;W vd;dplkpUe;J (Kd;dNu) thf;F
te;Js;sJ. MfNt> cq;fSila ,e;j ehspd; re;jpg;ig ePq;fs; kwe;jpUe;jjpd; (gyid)
mDgtpAq;fs;> epr;rakhf ehKk; vq;fis kwe;J tpl;Nlhk;¢ NkYk; ePq;fs; nra;j (jP)
tpidapd; gadhf vd;nwd;Wk; epiyahd Ntjidia mDgtpAq;fs;' (vd;W mtHfSf;Fr;
nrhy;yg;gLk;). (]_wh m]; ][jh : 12-14)

,e;j gadw;w Kaw;rpfs; eufj;jpYk; njhlUk;:

,d;Dk; m(e;eufj;)jpy; mtHfs;: 'vq;fs; ,iwth! eP vq;fis (,ij tpl;L)

ntspNaw;Wthahf! ehq;fs; tof;fkhfr; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j (jPa)tw;iw tpl;Lk; ]hyp`hd
(ey;y) mky;fis nra;Nthk;" vd;W $wpf; fjWthHfs;. (mjw;F my;yh`;) 'rpe;jpj;Jg;
ghHf;ff; $batd; mjpy; rpe;jpf;Fk; nghUl;L> ehk; cq;fSf;F ePz;l MAisf;
nfhLf;ftpy;iyah? cq;fsplk; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpg;gtUk; te;jpUe;jhH¢ MfNt ePq;fs; (nra;j
mepahaj;jpd; gaidr;) RitAq;fs;¢ Vndd;why; mepahaf;fhuHfSf;F cjtpahsH vtUkpy;iy"
(vd;W $Wthd;). (]_wh my;-ghjph; : 37)

kWikapy; ,j;jifa gadw;w Kaw;rpfSk;mjdJ Ntjidahd KbTk; Vw;gl fhuzk; G+kpapy;

kdpjdpd; tho;Tk; mjd; jhg;ghpaq;fspd; cz;ikiahz epiyia mtdhy; Ghpe;J nfhs;shjjd;
tpisthFk;. ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjtd; mtid Rw;wp elg;gitfis nfhz;L ey;Yzh;r;rp
ngWtjpy;iy. ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;l vr;rhpf;iffis nrtprha;gjpy;iy. mtdJ kdrhl;rp Fuiy
mrl;il nra;J my;yJ mtw;iw kjpf;fhky; kuzj;ij elf;f $lhj xd;whf ghh;fpwhd;. mtd;
mtdJ Md;khtpd; gpioahd Nahridfis kjpj;J fl;Lg;gl;L .,iwtdpd; jpUg;jpia ngw
Kay;tjpy;iy. ,it midj;Jk; kuzk; rLjpahf te;J mtid gpbj;J nfhs;Sk; NghJ Nkw;$wpa
trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lij Nghd;W mtd; Nkhrkhd #o;epiyapy; khl;bf;nfhs;thd;. MfNt xUtDf;F
kuzk; tU Kd;dh; mtdJ kwjp vDk; Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpypUe;J tpopj;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Vndd;why; kuz NeukhdJ mtDf;F jpUe;Jtjw;fhd ve;j re;jh;gj;ijAk; nfhLf;fhJ:

cq;fspy; xUtUf;F kuzk; tUKd;dNu> ehk; cq;fSf;F mspj;j nghUspypUe;J> jhd jHkk;
nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ (mt;thW nra;ahjJ kuzpf;Fk; rkak;)¢ 'vd; ,iwtNd! vd;
jtizia vdf;F rpwpJ gpw;gLj;jf; $lhjh? mg;gbahapd; ehDk; jhd jHkk; nra;J
]hyp`hd (ey;y)tHfspy; xUtdhf MfptpLNtNd" vd;W $Wthd;. Mdhy;> my;yh`;> ve;j
Mj;khTf;Fk; mjd; jtiz te;Jtpl;lhy; (mjidg;) gpw;gLj;j khl;lhd; - ePq;fs; nra;gtw;iw
my;yh`; njhpe;Nj ,Uf;fpd;whd;. (]_wh my;-%dhgp$d; : 10-11 )

mwpTilath;fs; kuzj;ij mjpfkhf rpe;jpf;fNtz;Lk;. mjd; rpe;jidia jtph;f;f

Kay$lhJ. ,jd; %yNk ,iwtdJ tpUg;gg;gb nray;gl KbAk;. mtdJ Md;khtpd;
Nkhrkhd gf;fj;ij Nghypahd tho;ifia nfhz;L i\j;jhd; Vkhw;wkhy; jLf;f KbAk.;.
cz;ikapy; cyf tho;ifia xUtdJ Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fshf khw;WtJ kf;fSf;F
kpfg;ngUk; Mgj;jhFk;. ,ij gw;wp vkJ Jhjh; $Wk;NghJ “ vkJ cyf tplaq;fs; vkJ
Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fshf khwhky; vk;ik fhj;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;fs;. .(mg;Jy;yh
,g;D ckh; mwptpf;fpwhh;. Ehy; jph;kpjp :783)

kuzj;jpw;F jahuhjy;
,e;j cyfk; kdpjid jahh;gLj;Jk; ,lkhFk;. ,iwtd; kdpjDf;F gy flikfis nfhLj;J
mtd; tFj;Js;s vy;iyfis mwptpj;Js;shd;. kdpjd; ,e;j vy;iyfis filgpbj;J mtdJ
fl;lisfSf;F mbgzpe;J mtd; jilnra;Js;stw;iw tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUe;jhy; kdpjd;; Kjph;r;rp
miltNjhL tpopg;Gzh;Tk; rpwe;j Qhdj;ijAk; mile;J nfhs;thd;. ,j;jifa jd;ikfis
nfhz;Ls;s xU ek;gpf;ifahsd; mtid te;jilAk; ve;j jPq;fhf ,Ue;jhYk; kpFe;j nghWikAld;
jhq;fpf;nfhs;thd;. mtd; ,iwtdplk; ghy; jpUk;gp mtdplk; khj;jpuk; cjtp NjLthd;. ,e;j
Kiwapy; jhd; ,iwtdpy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; mtdpy; cWjpahd vy;yaw;w ek;gpf;if
nfhz;L kiwKfkhf cs;sj;jpy; fPo;gba Ntz;Lk;. ,iwtdhy; toq;fg;gl;l cz;ikahd
mUl;nfhilfis czh;e;J mjw;fhf Mo;e;j ed;wpia ntspg;gLj;jp ,iwtDf;F kpf
neUf;filthd;. kpfr; rpwe;j Qhdj;ijAk; ed;dlj;ijAkk; nfhz;l rpwe;j ek;gpf;ifahsdhf
khWthd;. NkYk; midj;Jk; epiwthf fhzg;gLk; Rth;fj;ij ngw;W nfhs;s Ntz;bath;fspy;
xUtdhf khWthd;. mNjNeuk; cyf fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; njspthf ,Ue;Jk; ,t;Tyfpd; cz;ikfis
gbf;f jtwpdhy; mtd; rpwe;j elj;ijfis fhz;gpf;f jtwptpLthd;. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtd;
midj;J tpjkhd ,og;GfSf;Fk; chpatdhfpwhd;.

cz;ikapy; Mjp kdpjd; Mjk; cyfpw;F mDg;ggl;ljd; Nehf;fk; chpa gapw;r;rpfis ngw;W; gpd;G
ghPl;rpf;fg;gl;L mtiu epue;ju tho;iff;F jahh;gLj;JtJ ,iwtdpd; epajpahFk;. ,Wjpapy; mth;
kpfr;rpwe;j elj;ijAilath; vd;W Fh;Md; ghuhl;LfpwJ..

kdpjd; mtDf;F gy Nrhjidfs; njhlh;rpahf nfhLf;fg;gl;L Nrhjpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. mtd; mtw;iw

rpwe;e Kiwapy; mDfpdhy; mtDf;F mtdJ epue;ju tho;ifapy; ntFkjpfis ngw;W nfhs;thd;.
mtdJ Njhy;tpfs; mtDf;F jz;lidfis ngw;W nfhLf;Fk;. mth;fsJ ghPl;ir Neuk; vg;NghJ
KbAk; vd;gJ ahUf;Fk; njhpahJ. Fh;Md; ,ij NkYk;> “ve;j Md;khTk; (Kd;dNu)
vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk; jtizf;F ,zq;f> my;yh`;tpd; mDkjpapd;wp> kuzpg;gjpy;iy¢ vtNuDk; ,e;j
cyfj;jpd; gyid (kl;Lk;) tpUk;gpdhy;> ehk; mtUf;F mjpypUe;Nj toq;FNthk;¢ ,d;Dk; vtH>
kWikapd; ed;ikia tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtUf;F mjpypUe;J toq;FNthk;¢ ed;wpAilNahUf;F mjp
rPf;fukhf ew;$yp nfhLf;fpNwhk;” (]_wh My-,k;uhd; : 145) $WfpwJ. ,e;j fhyk; rpyNeuk; ePz;L
fhzg;gLk;> rpyNeuk; RUf;fkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. cz;ik vd;dntd;why; ehk; fzf;fpLk; ePz;l fhyk;
70 my;yJ 80 Mz;Lfis jhz;lhJ.

mjdhy; jhd;, kdpjd; ePz;l fhy jpl;lq;fis jPl;lhky; Fh;MDf;F fl;Lgl;L mjd; fl;lisfspd;
mbg;gilapy; tho;e;J jdJ midj;J nray;fSf;Fk; kWikapy; fzf;F fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W
mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpby; epue;ju tho;iff;F jahuhf jtwpdhy; ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpwfhf
toq;fg;gl;l xNuxU re;jh;gj;ijAk; eOt NehpLk;. mjdhy; epue;ju eufKk; mjd; NtjidfSk;
jtph;f;f KbahjitahfptpLk;. Xt;nthU kdpjDk; Rth;fj;ij kpfTk; Nerpf;f $ba xNu ,lk; eufk;
vd;gij kwf;f $lhJ. mjdhy; jhd; ,t;Tyfpy; tPzhf nrytpLk; xt;nthU epkplKk; kpfg;ngUk;
el;lKk; mNjNeuk; gaq;fu Kbit Nehf;fp itf;Fk; kpfg;ngUk; fhybahFk;.

,t;Tyfpy; midj;ijAk; tplTk; ,e;j cz;ikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ehk; vkJ
tho;ehspy; elf;fyhk; vd;W re;jpf;Fk; xU epfo;Tf;fhf ek;ik jahh;gLj;jp nfhs;tij Nghd;W mij
tplTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J mLj;j tho;iff;F jahh; gLj;jp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vndd;why;
kuzpf;f NghtJ ehk;. kuzj;jpd; gpd; epfOk; rk;gtq;fs; midj;ijAk; jdpahf re;jpf;f NghtJk;
ehk; jhd;. mjdhy; ,e;j tplak; vkNkhL njhlh;GilaJ. epue;ju ew;NgWfis NjLgth;fSf;F
,iwtd; ,t;thW fl;lisapLfpwhd; :

<khd; nfhzltHfNs! my;yh`;Tf;F mQ;rp ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ NkYk;> xt;nthUtUk;

(kWik) ehSf;fhf jhd; Kw;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gijg; ghHj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;¢ ,d;Dk;> ePq;fs;
my;yh`;it mQ;rp ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ ePq;fs; nra;gtw;iw> epr;rakhf my;yh`;
ed;fwpe;jtd;. md;wpAk;> my;yh`;it kwe;J tpl;ltHfs; Nghd;W ePq;fs; MfptplhjPHfs;¢
Vnddpy; mtHfs; jq;fisNa kwf;Fk;gb (my;yh`;) nra;J tpl;lhd;¢ mj;jifNahH jhk;
/gh]pf;Ffs; - ngUk; ghtpfs; MthHfs;. (]_wh my;-`]h;: 18-19)
caph; njOjy;
vdpDk; kdpjd; jd; vjpNu tu tpUg;gij (fpahk ehs;) ngha;g;gpf;fNt ehLfpwhd;.

'fpahk ehs; vg;NghOJ tUk;?" vd;W (Vsdkhff;) Nfl;fpwhd;.

MfNt> ghHitAk; kOq;fp-

re;jpuDk; xspAk; kq;fp-

#hpaDk; re;jpuDk; xd;W NrHf;fg;gl;LtpLk;.

me;ehspy; '(jg;gpj;Jf; nfs;s) vq;F tpuz;NlhLtJ?" vd;W kdpjd; Nfl;ghd;.

',y;iy> ,y;iy! jg;g ,lNkapy;iy!" (vd;W $wg;gLk;).

me;ehspy; ck; ,iwtdplk; jhd; jq;Fkplk; cz;L. (]_wh my;-fpahkh: 5-12)

 mwpKfk;

kWikia gw;wp ek;GtJ

kWik kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ ek;gpf;ifapd; kpf Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. Fh;Mdpy; Kjy; mj;jpahaj;jpy;
mUsw;w mUshsDk; epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa ,iwtd; mtdJ jd;ikfis gw;wp $wpa gpd;G ,
epaha jPh;g;G ehspd; mjpgjp (]_wh my;-ghj;jp`h: 3) vd;W mwptpf;fpwhd;. mLj;j mj;jpahaj;fjpd;
%d;whtJ trdj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis gw;wp $Wk;NghJ “(gagf;jpAila) mtHfs;> (Gyd;fSf;F
vl;lh) kiwthdtw;wpd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;thHfs;¢ njhOifiaAk; (cWjpahf Kiwg;gbf;)
filg;gpbj;J xOFthHfs;¢ ,d;Dk; ehk; mtHfSf;F mspj;jtw;wpypUe;J (ey;topapy;) nryTk;
nra;thHfs;. “(]_wh my;-gfwh:3)

,e;j kiwthdJ vd;w gjk; kuzkilw;j gpd;dh; kPz;Lk; caph;ngw;W vOjy; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehs;>
Rth;f;fk; kw;Wk; eufk; vd;gtw;iw vy;yhk; cs;slf;fpaJ> RUq;f $wpdhy;> kWik rk;ge;jg;gl;l
midj;ijAk; cs;slf;Fk;. cz;ikapy;> mLj;j trdkhd ]_wh gfwhtpd; 4tJ trdj;jpy;
mth;fs; kWik ehisAk; cWjp nfhs;thh;fs; vd;gjd; %yk; kWikapd; ek;gpf;if kPJ tpNrlkhf
mOj;jk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kWik kPJ ek;gpf;ifahdJ cz;ikahd ek;gpf;ifapd; milahskhFk; mJ kpf mtrpakhdJkhFk;.

Fh;Md; tiuaiu nra;Ak; kWik kPjhd ek;gpf;ifahdJ xU ek;gpf;ifahsDf;F cz;ikhad
cWjpahd rhd;whFk;. xUtd; kWik kPJ nfhz;Ls;s ek;gpf;ifahdJ kw;w ek;gpf;iffshd
,iwtd; kPJk; mtdJ Ntjq;fs; kPJk; mtdJ Jhjh;fs; kPJk; epgw;jidaw;w ek;gpf;if
nfhz;Ls;shd; vd;gjw;fhd MjhukhFk;. mj;jifa xUtd; ,iwtd; midj;J nghUl;fs; kPJk;
Mw;wy; ngw;wtd; vd;Wk; mtdJ nrhy;Yk; thf;FWjpfSk; cz;ikahdit vd;W mwpe;J
itj;jpUg;ghd;. mtd; kWik kPJ re;Njfk; nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,j;jifa cz;ikfis ghh;gjw;J
Kd;dNw mtw;iw. Vw;fdNy ghh;jij Nghd;W ek;Gthd;. ,J ,iwtdhy; mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;l
mwptpd; fhuzkhf mtd; ,iwtd; kPJ itf;Fk; rhjhuz ek;gpf;ifapd; ntspg;ghlhFk;. NkYk;,
kWik kPJ mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjhdJ mtid midj;J re;Njfq;fis tpl;Lk;
Rj;jg;gLj;JtJld; Fh;Mdpy; $wg;gl;lthW ,iwtd; kPJk; mtdJ jd;ikfs; kPJk; KOikahd
ek;gpf;if itj;J mtDf;F Kw;W KOjhf fl;Lg;gl itf;Fk;. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifahdJ xUtid
,iwtid rhpahd Kiwapy; njhpe;J nfhs;s toptFf;Fk;. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifiaNa ,iwtdJ
ghh;itapy; rpwe;jJ.

MfNt Kd;G $wpaJ Nghd;W kWikapd; kPJ mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fh;Mdpy;
gy ,lq;fspy; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; kWikia kWg;gJk; me;j cz;ikia mwpahky; ,Ug;gij
gw;wpAk; tpsf;FfpwJ. cz;ikapy; ,e;j kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdth;fs; ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;
vd;gij ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fis topjtw nra;jJ mtdJ jd;ikfis gw;wpa
re;Njfq;fNsahFk;. Rpyh; Kjypy; ,iwtd; midj;ijAk; gilj;J kdpjid mtdJ nrhe;j
tpUg;gj;jpw;F tho tpl;L tpl;lhd; vd;W ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. NtWrpyh; ,iwtd; kdpjid gilj;jhd;
MdhYk; kdpjd; jdJ tpjpia eph;zak; nra;fpwhd; vd;W ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. ,d;ndhU $l;lj;jpdh;
,iwtDf;F kdpjdpy; kdjpYs;s rpe;jidfisAk; ,ufrpaq;fisAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W
ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. NtWrpyh; ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W ek;gpa nghOJk; kjj;ij Vw;f kWf;fpwhh;fs;.
filrpahf $wg;gl;l fUj;Jilath;fis gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ:
 ,tHfs; my;yh`;it kjpf;f Ntz;ba Kiwapy; kjpf;ftpy;iy¢ Vnddpy; mtHfs;>
'my;yh`; ve;j xU kdpjH kPJk; v(e;j Ntjj;)ijAk; ,wf;ftpy;iy" vd;W
$Wfpd;wdH¢ mtHfsplj;jpy; ePH $Wk;: 'gpufhrkhdjhfTk;> kdpjHfSf;F
topfhl;bahfTk; %]h nfhz;Lte;jhNu me;j Ntj;ij ,wf;fpatd; ahH? mjid ePq;fs;
jdpj;jdp VLfshf Mf;fp> mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ntspg;gLj;JfpwPHfs;¢ ngUk;ghyhdtw;iw
kiwj;Jk; tpLfpwPHfs;¢ (mt;Ntjj;jpd; %ykhfNt) ePq;fSk; cq;fs; %jhijaHfSk;
mwpahky; ,Ue;jitfisnay;yhk; fw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gl;BHfs;." (egpNa! NkYk;) ePH
$WtPuhf: 'my;yh`;jhd; (mij ,wf;fpitj;jhd;)" gpd;G mtHfisj; jk; tPzhd
(jHf;fj;)jpy; tpisahbf;nfhz;bUf;FkhW tpl;LtpLtPuhf. (]_wh my;-md;Mk;: 91)

mNjNeuk;, ,iwtid kWf;fhj NghjpYk; ,iwtid mtdJ cz;ikahd jd;ikfis nfhz;L

ek;ghkypUg;gJ mjhtJ kWikia kWg;gJ, ek;gpf;ifapd;ik vd;Nw miof;fg;gLk;. cz;ikapy;
,iwtd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;gij kWf;Fk; kf;fspy; rpyh; mth;fs; $Wk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfspy; re;Njfk;
nfhz;Ls;sdh;. mjdhy; jhd; Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtid kWg;gth;fis gw;wp mt;tsthf
Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. mNjNeuk; ,iwtDf;F ,izfw;gpj;jth;fs; kuzpj;j gpd; kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLtij
kWj;jth;fs; epaha jPh;g;G ehs; Rth;f;fk; eufk; kw;Wk; kWik rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J cz;ikfisAk;
kWg;gth;fis gw;wp tphpthf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kWik vd;gJ vkJ Ik;Gyd;fshYk; czuKbahj cz;ikahFk;. vkJ kdk; mij ,yFtpy;
mwpaf;$batifapy; ,iwtd; vz;zpylq;fhj rhd;Wfis Vw;gLj;jp itj;Js;shd;. cz;ikapy;
,t;Tyf ghPl;irapy; ntw;wpailAk; nghUl;L xUtd; mtdJ Ik;Gyd;fis nfhz;L ghuhky; mtdJ
kdrhl;rpiaAk; mwpitAk; nfhz;L ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. rhjhuz kdpjd; jhDk; jd;id
Rw;wpAs;sitfSk; jw;nrayhf tutpy;iy khwhf NguwpTs;s ngUk; rf;jpAila midj;ijAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jf;$ba gilg;ghsdpd; gilg;G vd;gij ,yFtpy; tpsq;fp nfhs;thd;. MfNt kWikia
gilg;gJk; ,iwtDf;F ,yFthdJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;thd;. NkYk;. ,iwtdJ mwpTk; ePjpAk;
kWik ,Ug;gjw;fhd vd;gjid mtrpaj;ij mtd; czhe;J nfhs;thd;.

,it ,t;thW njspthf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ,iwtdJ fl;lisfSf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;ltd;

kuzj;jpw;F gpwF caph; ngw;W vOtij tpUk;gkhl;lhd;. jdJ tho;tpy; tPzhz kNdh ,r;irfis
gpd;gw;wpa xUtd; ,iwtDf;F Kd;dhy; epd;W mtdJ tho;ehspy; mtd; nra;j fhhpaq;fis gw;wp
fzf;F nfhLf;f tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mjdhy; jhd; ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;gij ed;F mwpe;j gpd;Gk;
mtdJ kdrhl;rpia mlf;fp jd;id jhNd Vkhw;wp nfhs;fpwhd;. ,j;jifa epiyghl;il
Vw;Wf;nfhz;l mtek;gpf;ifahsd; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOjy; kw;Wk; kWik Mfpatw;iw kWf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fpy; vj;jifa ePz;l rpe;jidAkpd;wp mwptw;w gFj;jwptw;w thjq;fis
Kd;itf;fpd;whd;.

NkYk;> mtd; jd; gilg;ig (jhd; gilf;fg;gl;lnjg;gb vd;gij) kwe;Jtpl;L> mtd;

ekf;fhf XH cjhuzj;ijAk; $Wfpd;whd;¢ 'vYk;Gfs; mit kf;fpg; Ngha; tpl;l gpd; mtw;iw
capHg;gpg;gJ ahH?" vd;W. (]_wh ah]Pd; : 78 )

,Ug;gpDk; ,j;jifa Nfs;yp cz;ikapypUe;J jg;gpj;J jd;id jhNd Vkhw;wp nfhs;s cjTk;.
mjw;fhd tpil

'Kjy; Kjypy; mtw;iw cz;L gz;zpatNd (gpd;Dk;) mtw;Wf;F capH nfhLg;ghd;. mtd;
vy;yhtifg; gilg;GfisAk; ed;fwpe;jtd;" vd;W (egpNa!) ePH $WtPuhf! (]_wh ah]Pd; : 79
)

,j;jifa thjq;fis $WtJ mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; jd;ik vd;W Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd;

njspthf;Ffpwhd;

vtHfs; kWikapd; kPJ <khd; nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtHfSf;Nf nfl;l jd;ik ,Uf;fpwJ -

my;yh`;Tf;Nfh kpf caHe;j jd;ik ,Uf;fpwJ¢ NkYk; mtd; kpifj;jtd;¢ Qhdk; kpf;ftd;.
(]_wh md;-e`y; : 60 )
kWgf;fj;jpy; rpyh; mth;fsJ epiyghl;il epahag;gLj;j rpy tpsf;fq;fis vLj;Jiwg;ghh;fs;.

'mg;gbahdhy; mJ ngUk; e\;l Kz;lhf;Fk; jpUk;GjNy ahFk;" vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whHfs;. (]_wh

md;-eh]pah : 12 )

cz;ikapy; ,t;thW jh;f;fk; nra;j NghjpYk; mth;fsJ tho;tpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld; kWik

rk;ge;jg;glhky; ,Ug;gij Vw;W nfhs;s jaq;Ftjpy;iy.

Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpg;gth;fs; mth;fsJ mwpit mth;fsJ nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd; Nghpy; RUf;fp

nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ thjq;fspd; fhzg;gLk; klikia ghh;j;j gpd;Gk; ,e;j thjq;fis
gpbthjkhf gpd;gw;WtJld; mjpy; kdhPjpahd jpUg;jpailAk; nghUl;L ePz;l gazk;
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

,we;jtHfis my;yh`; (capHg;gpj;J) vOg;g khl;lhd; vd;W mtHfs; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ

gpukhzkhfr; rj;jpak; nra;fpwhHfs;. mg;gbay;y! (capH nfhLj;J vOg;Gtjhd my;yh`;tpd;)
thf;F kpf;f cWjpahdjhFk;¢ vdpDk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhH ,ij mwpe;J nfhs;tjpy;iy.
(]_wh md;-e`y; :38)

mth;fsJ tpUg;gq;fisAk; MirfisAk; mth;fsJ flTs;fshf Vw;w ,e;j kf;fs; mth;fsJ

kdrhl;rpia rkhjhdg;gLj;jp mjpy; jQ;rkilfpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa kf;fs; kWikia kWf;Fk;
,k;kf;fis gw;wp ,iwtd; ,t;thW tpthpf;fpwhd;.

epr;rakhf ehk; [pd;fspypUe;Jk;> kdpjHfspypUe;Jk; mNefiu eufj;jpw;nfd;Nw

gilj;Js;Nshk;¢ mtHfSf;F ,Ujaq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd - Mdhy; mtw;iwf; nfhz;L mtHfs;
ey;YzHT ngw khl;lhHfs;¢ mtHfSf;Ff; fz;fs; cz;L¢ Mdhy;> mtw;iwf; nfhz;L
mtHfs; (,iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfisg;) ghHg;gjpy;iy¢ mtHfSf;Ff; fhJfs; cz;L. Mdhy;
mtw;iwf; nfhz;L mtHfs; (ew;Nghjidiaf;) Nfl;fkhl;lhHfs; - ,j;jifNahH
fhy;eilfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;. ,y;iy! mtw;iw tplTk; top NflHfs;¢ ,tHfs; jhk;
(ek;trdq;fis) myl;rpak; nra;jtHfshthHfs;. (]_wh my;-Mug; : 179 )

Fh;Mdpd; NtWgFjpapy; ,k;kf;fspd; epiy gw;wp ,t;thW tpsf;Ffpwhd;.

(egpNa!) vtd; jd;Dila (rhPu> kNdh) ,r;iriaj; jd;Dila nja;tkhf Mf;fpf;

nfhz;lhNdh> mtid ePH ghHj;jPuh? NkYk;> mwpe;Nj my;yh`; mtid topNfl;by; tpl;L
mtDila fhJfs; kPJk; ,Ujaj;jpd; kPJk; Kj;jpiuapl;L¢ ,d;Dk;> mtDila ghHit
kPJk; jpiuia mikj;Jtpl;lhd;. vdNt> my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gpwF mtDf;F NeHtop
fhz;gpg;gtH ahH? ePq;fs; rpe;jpj;J czu Ntz;lhkh? NkYk; (kWikia ek;ghj) mtHfs;:
'ekJ ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifiaj; jtpu NtW (tho;f;if) fpilahJ¢ ehk; ,wf;fpNwhk;¢
[Ptpf;fpNwhk;¢ 'fhyk;" jtpu NtnwJTk; ek;ik mopg;gjpy;iy" vd;W $WfpwhHfs;¢
mtHfSf;F mJ gw;wpa mwpT fpilahJ - mtHfs; (,J gw;wpf; fw;gidahf) vz;Ztijj;
jtpu Ntwpy;iy. (]_wh my;-Ihjpah : 23-24 )

,t;Tyf tho;tpd; cz;ik epiy

mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; rpy tplaq;fis mwptpd; %yk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ Kbahj xd;W vd;W
thjpLfpwhh;fs;. mtw;wpy; kuzj;jpd; gpd;G caph; ngw;W vOjy; kWik Mfpait mlq;Fk;.

ehk; ,t;tplaq;fis Jhf;fj;NjhLk; fdNthLk; xg;gplyhk;. kuzj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpf;fhky; ,Uf;Fk;

xUtd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;G caph; ngw;W vOtij fLikahf Ml;Nrgpf;fpwhd;. cz;ikapy; jpdKk;
,utpy; kuzj;ij Ritf;Fk; mtd; mNj Nghd;W fhiyapy; fz;tpopj;J kuzj;jpypUe;J caph; ngw;W
vOtij gw;wpa mwpakhl;lhd;. Jhf;fj;ij gw;wpa Fh;Mdpd; fUj;Jfs; ,e;j tplaj;ij gw;wp Ghpe;J
nfhs;tjw;F cjTfpwJ. ,iwtd; Jhf;fj;ij gw;wp Fh;Mdpy; ,t;thW $Wfpwhd;.

my;yh`;> capHfis mit kuzpf;Fk; NghJk;> kuzpf;fhjtw;iw mtw;wpd; epj;jpiuapYk;

ifg;gw;wp> gpd;G vjd; kPJ kuzj;ij tpjpj;Jtpl;lhNdh mij(j; jd;dplj;jpy;) epWj;jpf;
 nfhs;fpwhd;¢ kPjpAs;stw;iw xU Fwpg;gpl;l jtiz tiu (tho;tjw;fhf) mDg;gp tpLfpwhd; -
rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; kf;fSf;F> epr;rakhf mjpy; mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (]_wh m];-]{kh;
: 42)

mtd; jhd; ,utpy; cq;fis khpf;fr; nra;fpwhd;¢ ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; gfypy; nra;jtw;iwnay;yhk;
mwpfpwhd;¢ kPz;Lk; cq;fisf; Fwpg;gl;ljtiz Kbg;gjw;fhf gfypy; vOg;Gfpwhd;¢ gpd;dH
cq;fSila (,Wjp) kPl;rp mtdplNk ,Uf;fpwJ¢ mg;ghy; ePq;fs; (,t;Tyfpy;) nra;J
nfhz;bUe;jij mtd; cq;fSf;F mwptpg;ghd;. (]_wh my;-md;Mk; : 60)

Nkw;$wpa trdq;fspy; Jhf;fj;ij kuzj;jpw;F xg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kuzj;jpw;Fk; Jhf;fj;jpw;FkpilNa

vt;tpj NtWghLk; fpilahJ. mg;gbnad;why; kuzj;NjhL xg;gplg;gLk; Jhf;fj;jpd; NghJ vd;d
elf;fpwJ?

tpopj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ kdpj clypYs;s Md;kh Jhf;fj;jpd; NghJ ntspNaWfpwJ. kWGwj;jpy; fdtpd;
NghJ Md;kh KOtJk; tpj;jpahrkhd cliy ngw;W KOtJk; tpj;jpahrkhd czh;Tis ngWfpwJ.
,it fsT vd;W vk;khy; gphpj;jwpa KbahJ. ehk; gak; ftiy typ czh;r;rp trg;gLtJ kw;Wk;
re;Njh\kiltJ Mfpatw;iw czh;fpNwhk;. vkJ fdtpd; NghJ eilngWtJ cz;ik vd;W
cWjpahf ek;gp edtpd; NghJ nfhLf;Fk; mNj Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij fdtpw;Fk; nfhLf;fpNwhk;.

xUtuJ fdtpd; NghJ ntspapypUe;J ehk; Fwpf;fpl;L mth; fhz;gJ khia my;yJ ntWk;
czh;Tfs; vd;W $wpdhy; mth; ,e;j vr;rhpf;ifia fz;L nfhs;shky; tpLtJld; kw;wth;fs;
mtiu Nfyp nra;fpwhh;fs; vd;W epidg;ghh;. ,Ug;gpDk; cz;ikapy; ,e;j czh;TfSf;F ntsp
cyfj;Jld; vt;tpj; njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy. ehk; fdtpy; fhz;gitfs; midj;Jk; ,iwtdhy; vkJ
Md;khtpw;F fhl;lg;gLk; fhl;rpfSk; czh;TfSkhFk;.

ehk; epidtpy; itj;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpa cz;ik vd;dntd;why; ,Nj ,iwrl;lq;fs;
ehk; tpopj;J vOe;j gpd;Gk; eilKiwgLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,iwtd; Fh;Mdpy; fdTfs; mtdJ
vz;zg;gb fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;W $Wfpwhd;.:” ePq;fSk; mtHfSk; (Nghhpy;) re;jpj;jNghJ mtd;
cq;fSila ghHitapy; mtHfSila vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwthff; fhz;gpj;jhd;¢ ,d;Dk; cq;fs;
(njhifia) mtHfSila ghHitapy; Fiwthff; fhz;gpj;jhd; - ,t;thW mtd; nra;jJ> mtd;
tpjpj;j xU fhhpaj;ij mtd; epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfNtahFk; - my;yh`;tplNk vy;yhf; fhhpaq;fSk;
nrd;W Kbtilfpd;wd”. (]_wh my;-md;ghy; : 44). Jpdrhp tho;tpd; NghJk; ,Nj rl;lq;fs;
mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gij njspthf tpsq;FfpwJ. cz;ik vd;dntd;why; czh;Tfs; kw;Wk;
fhl;rpfs; midj;Jk; ,iwtdJ tpUg;g;gbNa gilf;fg;gLfpwJ . mjw;F mg;ghy; ntsp cyfk; vd;gJ
fpilahJ. ,ij gpd;tUk; trdk; $WfpwJ.

(gj;U fsj;jpy;) re;jpj;j ,U NridfspYk; cq;fSf;F XH mj;jhl;rp epr;rakhf

cs;sJ¢ xU Nrid my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nghhpl;lJ¢ gpwpnjhd;W fh/gpHfshf
,Ue;jJ¢ epuhfhpg;NghH my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghhpLNthiuj; jq;fisg;Nghy; ,U
klq;fhfj; jk; fz;fshy; fz;ldH¢ ,d;Dk;> my;yh`; jhd; ehbatHfSf;Fj; jd;
cjtpiaf; nfhz;L gyg;gLj;Jfpwhd;¢ epr;rakhf> (mfg;) ghHitAilNahUf;F ,jpy;
jpldhf xU gbg;gpid ,Uf;fpwJ. (]_wh My-,k;whd; : 13)

fdit Nghd;W jpdrhp tho;ifapy; ehk; fhZk; ntspAyf nghUl;fs; midj;Jk; ,iwtdhy; vkJ
Md;khtpw;F fhl;lg;gLk; fhl;rpfshFk;. mj;NjhL czh;TfisAk; czu nra;fpwhd;. vkJ clNyhL
rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhl;rpfisAk; nraw;ghLfisAk; mij Nghd;W kw;wth;fspd; nray;fisAk; ehk;
fhz;gJ ,iwtd; vkf;F mjNdhL njhlh;Gila fhl;rpfis xt;nthU fhl;rpahf fhl;LtjhyhFk;.
,ij Fh;Md; ,t;thW tpsf;FfpwJ.

(gj;U Nghhpy;) vjphpfis ntl;bath;fs; ePq;fs; my;y - my;yh`; jhd; mtHfis ntl;bdhd;¢
(giftHfs; kPJ kz;iz) ePH vwpe;jNghJ mjid ePH vwpatpy;iy> my;yh`;jhd; vwpe;jhd;¢
K/kpd;fis mofhd Kiwapy; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhfNt my;yh`; ,t;thW nra;jhd;¢ epr;rakhf
 my;yh`; (vy;yhtw;iwAk;) nrtp Vw;gtdhfTk;> (vy;yhk;) mwpgtdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
(]_wh my;-md;ghy; : 17)

,Nj ,iw epajpapd; gb kWikAk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila fhl;rpfSk; czh;TfSk;

gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kuzk; ,t;Tyfj;Jldhd midj;J njhlh;GfisAk; Jz;bj;J tpLfpwJ. Md;kh
epue;jukhdJ Vnddpy; ,iwtd; mjpy; jdJ capiu CjpAs;shd;. ,e;j tho;if njhlh;ghd kuzk;
kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOjy; kWik tho;if midj;J czh;TfisAk; ,e;j Md;kh czh;fpwJ.
mjdhy; jhd; mbg;gil rpe;jid mbg;gilapy; ,t;Tyfk; gilf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpw;Fk; Rth;f;fk; kw;Wk;
eufk; gilf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa ve;j NtWghLk; ,y;iy.. mijNghd;W ,t;Tyfj;jpypUe;J
kWikf;F nry;tjw;Fk; Jhf;fj;jpypUe;J vOe;J md;whl tho;ifia njhlh;tjw;FkpilNa ve;j
NtWghLk; ,y;iy.

kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOe;jTld; GJ clYld; xU GJ tho;if kWikapy; Muk;gkhfpwJ. Rth;f;fk;

kw;Wk; eufk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhl;rpfis Md;khtpw;F fhl;lg;gl;lTld; xt;nthUk; mij mDgtpf;f
Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. vy;iyaw;w fhl;rpfisAk; rg;jq;fisAk; thridfisAk; RitfisAk; kw;Wk;
,t;Tyf tho;if rk;ge;jkhd midj;ijAk; gilf;f$ba ty;yikAila ,iwtd;> ,ij Kiwapy;
Rth;f;fk; kw;Wk; eufk; rk;ge;jkhd epue;ju fhl;rpfisAk; czh;TfisAk; gilg;ghd;. ,tw;iw
gilg;gJ ,iwtDf;F kpf vspJ.

(my;yh`;) thdq;fisAk;> G+kpiaAk; Kd; khjphpapd;wp (,y;yhikapypUe;J)> jhNd

cz;lhf;fpdhd;¢ mjdplk; 'Fd;" - MFf- vd;W $wpdhy;> clNd mJ MfptpLfpwJ. (]_wh
my;-gfwh : 117)

,d;ndhU cz;ik vd;dntd;why; fdit tpl ,t;Tyf tho;if vt;tsT tpj;jpahrNkh mij
Nghd;W ,t;Tyf tho;if tpl kWik tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;Fk;. mij Nghd;W ,t;Tyf tho;ifNahL
fdit xg;gpLk; NghJ fdT vt;tsT FWfpaNjh mij Nghd;W ,t;Ty tho;if kWik tho;NthL
xg;gplgLk;. Kd;dh; fUjpaJ Nghd;W Neuk; epiyahdJ my;y khwhf mJ njhlh;Gila xd;W. ,e;j
cz;ikia ,d;iwa tpQ;Qhdk; Vw;W nfhs;fpwJ. fdtpd; NghJ gy kzp Neuk; eilngw;wjhf
fUg;gLk; epfo;Tfs; cz;ikapy; nrttpl;lJ rpy tpdhbfNs. nghpa fdTfs; vd;W $wg;gLgitfSk;
rpy epkplq;fNs vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. ,Ug;gpDk; fdT fz;lth; jhd; KOehSk; mjw;fhf
nrytpl;ljhf epidj;J nfhs;thh;. Neuj;ij gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ:

xU ehs; kyf;FfSk;> ([pg;uaPyhfpa) mt;thd;khTk;> mtdplk; Vwpr; nry;thHfs;¢

m(j;jpdj;)jpd; msT Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; (rkkhf) ,Uf;Fk; (]_wh my;-khhpI; : 4)

thdj;jpypUe;J G+kp tiuapYKs;s fhhpaj;ij mtNd xOq;FgLj;Jfpwhd;¢ xU ehs;

(xt;nthU fhhpaKk;) mtdplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;> me;j (ehspd;) msT ePq;fs;
fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk;. (]_wh m];-]Ijh : 5)

kWik tho;NthL rk;ge;jg;gl;l Neuj;NjhL xg;gpLk; NghJ ,t;Tyfpy; ePz;l fhyk; tho;e;j kdpjdpd;
tho;if kpf kpf FWfpajhFk;. kWikapy; Nfs;tp fzf;fpd; NghJ eilngWk; ciuahly; ,jw;F
rpwe;j cjhuzkhf Fwpg;gplyhk;.

'Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; ePq;fs; G+kpapy; vt;tsT (fhyk;) ,Ue;jPHfs;?" vd;W

Nfl;ghd; 'xU ehs; my;yJ xU ehspd; rpwpJ ghfk; ehq;fs; jq;fpapUe;jpUg;Nghk;.
(,ijg;gw;wpf;) fzpg;gtHfsplk; eP Nfl;ghahf!" vd;W mtHfs; $WthHfs'xU nrhw;g
fhyk; jtpu (G+kpapy; mjpfk;) ePq;fs; jq;ftpy;iy. ePq;fs; (,ij) mwpe;jpUe;jhy;!"
vd;W (,iwtd;) $Wthd;. 'ehk; cq;fisg; gilj;jnjy;yhk; tPZf;fhf vd;Wk;>
ePq;fs; ek;kplj;jpy; epr;rakhf kPl;lg;gl khl;BHfs; vd;Wk; vz;zpf; nfhz;BHfsh?"
(vd;Wk; ,iwtd; Nfl;ghd;.) -(]_wh my;-K/kpDhd; : 112-115)

MfNt epue;ju tho;iff;F gjpyhf ,e;j jw;fhypf tho;ifia Njh;e;njLg;gJ klikahFk;.

kWikNahL ,t;Tyf tho;it xg;gplg;gLk; kpf FWfpajhf fhzg;gLtij xUtd; rpe;jpj;jhy; mtd;
NkYk; njsptilthd;.
RUq;f $Wtjhdhy;, nghUs; vd;Wk; mjw;F Njhw;wk; ,Ug;gjhf ehk; epidg;gitfs; midj;Jk;
,iwtdhy; kdpj Md;khtpw;F fhl;lg;gLk; czh;TfshFk;. kdpjd; mtdJ cly; mtDf;F
nrhe;jk; vd;W epidf;fpwhd;. cz;ikapy; clYk; kdpjdpd; Md;khtpw;F ,iwtdhy; fhl;lg;gl;l
fhl;rpfNs jtpu NtW xd;Wkpy;iy. ,iwtd; epidj;j Neuj;jpy; fhl;fpfis khw;Wfpwhd;. clypd;
fhl;rp jpBnud kiwAk; NghJ Md;kh GJ fhl;rpis fhZk;. NtWtifapy; $Wtjhdhy; xUtd;
kuzpj;jTld; fz;fis kiwj;Js;s jpiu ePf;fg;gl;L mtd; epidj;jij Nghd;W kuzk; vd;gJ
kiwtJ ,y;iy vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thd;. ,ij Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

'vq;fSila Jf;fNk! vq;fs; J}q;Fkplq;fspypUe;J vq;fis vOg;gpatH ahH?" vd;W

mtHfs; Nfl;ghHfs;¢ mHu`;khd; thf;fspj;jJk;> (mtDila) J}jHfs; cz;iknadf;
$wpaJk; ,Jjhd;" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh ah]Pd; : 52)

,jpypUe;J mtek;gpf;ifahsd; kpfg;ngWk; ftiy nfhs;thd;- ftiyfspNsNa kpfg;nghpaJ.

gpugQ;rj;jpd; kuzk;
gilf;fg;gl;l midj;ijAk; jtph;e;J gpugQ;rKk; kuzj;ij vjph; nfhs;Sk; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.
kdpjd; kl;Lk; kuzpg;gtd; my;yd;. khwhf midj;J tpyq;FfSk; jhtuq;fSk; kuzpf;Fk;.
Nfhs;fSk; el;rj;jpuq;fSk; kuzpf;Fk;. gilf;fg;gl;litfs; midj;Jk; kuzpf;Fk;. ,iwtdJ
Kd;dpiyapy;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l ehspy;> midj;J kdpjh;fSk; midj;J caphpdq;fSk; cyfk; #hpad;
re;jpud; el;rj;jpuq;fs; RUq;f $wpd; midj;Jk; kiwe;J NghFk;. Fh;Md; ,ij kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W
vOk; ehs; vd;W miof;fpwJ. mfpyj;jhhpd; ,iwtd; Kd; kdpjHfs; epw;Fk; ehs; (]_wh my;-
Kjg;gpgPd; : 6)

kdpjDila kuzj;ij Nghd;W gpugQ;rj;jpd; kuzKk; gaq;fukhf ,Uf;Fk;. caph; ngw;W vOk;ehspy;
ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fs;> Kjd;Kiwahf ,iwtdJ ty;yikapy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;thh;fs;.
mjdhy;jhd; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk;ehshdJ Vf ,iwtid kWj;jth;fSf;F ftiy> Ntjid>
typ> ngUk; Fog;gk; Mfpatw;iw nfhLf;Fk; ehshFk;. kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk;ehis ghh;gtd;
ngUk; gaj;jhy; eLq;Fthd;. ,e;j gakhdJ ,t;Tyfpy; fhzg;gLk; gaj;ij Nghd;W gy EhW klq;F
mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Fh;Md; me;j ehspy; eilngWgtw;iw gbg;gbahf njspthf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
,e;j ngUk; epfo;T vt;thW eilngWk; vd;Wk; me;ehspy; kf;fSf;F vd;d elf;Fk; vd;gij
njspthf Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

vf;fhsk; Kjypy; Cjg;gLk;

vf;fhsk; Kjypy; Cjg;gl;lTld; caph; ngw;W vOk;ehs; Muk;gkhfptpLfpwJ. ,J cyfk; kw;Wk;
gpugQ;rj;jpYs;s midj;Jk; mopf;fg;gLtjd; mwpFwpahFk;. ,Jjhd; jpUk;gKbahj ,lkhFk;. ,e;j
rg;jkhdJ cyfj;jpd; tho;T Kbtpw;F te;Jtpl;lJ vd;gijAk; cz;ikahd tho;if Muk;gkhfpwJ
vd;gijAk; mwptpf;Fk;. ,e;j rg;jk; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; ,jaq;fspy; jilaw;w gaj;ijAk;
ftiyiaAk; Fog;gj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j rg;jk; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; fbdkhd ehl;fspd;
Muk;gk; vd;gijAk; mit vd;nwd;Wk; epiyahdit vd;gijAk; mwptpf;Fk;. mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd;
ghh;itapy; md;iwa caph;ngw;W vOk;ehs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij ]_wh Kj;jjph; vd;w mj;jpahak;
$WfpwJ.

NkYk;> vf;fhsj;jpy; Cjg;gLk;NghJ- me;ehs; kpff; fbdkhd ehs; MFk;.

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F (me;ehs;) ,Nyrhdjy;y. (]_wh Kj;jjph; : 8-10

vf;fhsj;jpd; rg;jk; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fspilNa ngUk; gPjpiaAk; Fog;gj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;.

czuKbahj tiuaiw nra;a Kbahj ghh;f;f Kbahj xd;W KO gpugQ;rj;ijAk; tpahgpj;J
fhzg;gLk;. kf;fs; VNjh xd;W Muk;gkhfpwJ vd;gij Ghpe;Jnfhs;thh;fs;. Vf ,iwtid
kWj;jth;fspd; gPjp xUtpj fyf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j rg;jj;NjhL njhlUk; epfo;Tfs; tpthpf;f
Kbahj mstpw;F gaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

gpugQ;rk; mopf;fg;gLjy;;
,e;j rg;jj;NjhL ngUk; Gtp eLf;fKk; NguopTk; Vw;gLk;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; kf;fs; gaq;fu mopTfis
Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. ,e;j cyfKk; tho;Tk; KbTUk; vd;gJ
njspthd cz;ikahFk;. mjdhy; jhd; cyfpYs;s midj;Jk; rpwpJ fhyj;jpy; mjd; kjpg;ig
,oe;J tpLfpwJ. ,e;j rg;jk; kf;fsplKs;s midj;J cyf hPjpahd njhlh;GfisAk;
Jz;bj;JtpLk;. me;j Neuj;jpy; kdpjd; vt;thW jg;gpf;fyhk; vd;gij jtpu NtW xd;iwAk; epidj;J
ghh;f;f khl;lhd;. gak; vy;yh ,lKk; tpahgpj;J ,Uf;Fk;. xt;nthUtUk; jd;id gw;wp kl;LNk
rpe;jpg;ghd;.

MfNt> (Af Kbtpd; NghJ fhijr; nrtplhf;Fk; ngUQ; rg;jk; tUk; NghJ - me;j ehspy;
kdpjd; tpuz;L XLthd; - jd; rNfhjuid tpl;Lk; - jd; jhia tpl;Lk;> jd; je;ijia
tpl;Lk;¢ jd; kidtpia tpl;Lk;> jd; kf;fis tpl;Lk;- md;W xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk;
mtdtd; (mty) epiyNa NghJkhdjhapUf;Fk;. (]_wh mg]h: 33-37)

gaq;fu FYf;fj;jpd; gpwF cyfk; mjd; Gijay;fs; midj;ijAk; ntspNa tPRk;, mjd; gpwF
vjw;Fk; vt;tpj ngWkjpAk; ,Uf;fhJ..

G+kp ngUk; mjpHr;rpahf - mjpHr;rp milAk; NghJ- ,d;Dk;> G+kp jd; Rikfis
ntspg;gLj;Jk; NghJ- 'mjw;F vd;d NeHe;jJ?" vd;W kdpjd; Nfl;Fk; NghJ-
me;ehspy;> mJ jd; nra;jpfis mwptpf;Fk;. (mt;thW mwptpf;FkhW) ck;Kila
,iwtd; mjw;F t`P %yk; mwpj;jjdhy;. (]_wh m];-]y;]yh`; : 1-5)

xU ngUk; rg;jj;ij njhlh;e;J gaq;fu Gtp eLf;fk; gpwF G+kpf;F cs;Ns cz;lhFk; ngUk;
ntbg;Gfs; fhuzkhf kdpjdhy; Kd;G mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J Nghw;wg;gl;l midj;Jk; mope;J
NghFk;. cjhuzkhf kdpjd; tPLfisAk; mYtyfq;fisAk; thfdq;fisAk; Njhl;lq;fisAk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J Nghw;Wfpwhd;. rpyUf;F mth;fsJ tPLjhd; tho;ifapd; kpf Kf;fpa
Fwpf;Nfhs;. ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fsJ ngUik ghul;baitfs; kWikapd; Muk;gj;jpNyNa mopAk;. kdpjd;
mtdJ tho;ehs; KOtijAk; nrytopj;J ngUf;fpa cyf tsq;fs; midj;Jk; xU epkplj;jpy;
kiwe;J NghFk;. mYtyfj;jpy; gjtp cah;T ngWtNj mth;fspd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fshf
nfhz;lth;fspd; fdTfs; gadw;W NghFk;. jdJ tho;ehs; KOtijAk; ehl;bd; Ml;rp mjpfhuq;fis
ngWtij Nehf;fkhf nfhz;lth;fSk; ,Nj gaq;fu tpisit re;jpg;ghh;fs;. me;j ehL kiwtij
mtd; ghh;g;ghd;. ,iwtdJ nghUj;jj;ij ngwNtz;Lk; vd;W nra;jitfis jtpu kw;w midj;Jk;
mjd; kjpg;ig ,oe;JtpLk;. ,iwtd; ,ij Fh;Mdpy; $Wfpwhd; :

vdNt (jLj;J epWj;j Kbahj kWikg;) Nguksp te;J tpl;lhy;> me;ehspy; kdpjd; jhd;
Kad;wtw;iwnay;yhk; epidTgLj;jpf; nfhs;thd;. mg;NghJ ghHg;NghUf;F(f; fhZk; tifapy;)
eufk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;. (]_wh md;-eh]pah : 34-36)

kiyfs; nehWf;fg;gly;
me;ehspy; eilngWk; epfo;Tfs; xUtuJ fw;gidfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. kiyfs; cyfpYs;s
mirf;f Kbahjitfs; mitfs; NtNwhL gpLq;fp vLf;fg;;gl;L nehWf;fg;gLk;. rpW epymjph;Tfs;
kdpjid gaKWj;jp mth;fis cjtpaw;wth;fshf czunra;fpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf mth;fs; jq;fs;
tPLfis Jwe;J KO ,uTk; tPjpapy; jq;Ffpwhh;fs;. ,J ,t;thwpUf;f kiyfs; cah;jg;gLtJ jhq;fp
nfhs;s Kbahj xd;whFk;. me;j ehspy; kiyfspd; epiyia gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ. .

vdNt> ]_hpy; (vf;fhsj;jpy;) Cjy; xUKiw Cjg;gLk; NghJ: 69:14 ,d;Dk; G+kpAk;
kiyfSk; J}f;fp (vwpag;gl;L) gpd;dH xd;NwhL xd;W Nkhjp mitapuz;Lk; xNu J}shf
Mf;fg;gl;lhy; - me;j ehspy; jhd; epfo Ntz;ba (khngUk; rk;gtk;) epfOk;. (]_wh
my;-`hf;fh : 13-15)
 epr;rakhfj; jPHg;Gf;Fhpa ehs;> Neuq;Fwpf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ]_H (vf;fhsk;)
Cjg;gLk; me;ehspy; ePq;fs; mzpmzpahf tUtPHfs;. ,d;Dk;> thdk; jpwf;fg;gl;L gy
thry;fshfptpLk;. kiyfs; ngaHf;fg;gl;L fhdy; ePuhfptpLk;. (]_wh md;-egh: 17-20)

kiyfs; ngaHf;fg;gLk; NghJ- #y; epiwe;j xl;liffs; (ftdpg;ghuw;W) tplg;gLk;

NghJ- fhl;L kpUfq;fs; (kdpjHfSlDk;> ,ju gpuhzpfSlDk;) xd;W
NrHf;fg;gLk;NghJ. (]_wh mj;-jfhtPh; : 3-5 )

me;ehspy; rpjwbf;fg;gll <ry;fisg; Nghd;W kdpjHfs; MfptpLthHfs;. NkYk;>

kiyfs; nfhl;lg;gl;l gQ;irg; Nghd;W MfptpLk;. (]_wh my;-fhhpah : 4-5)

me;ehspy; ngUk; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj rf;jp xd;W kiyfis thdpy; guj;jg;gl;l gQ;ir Nghd;W tPr
ty;yJ. mg;NghJ kf;fs; ,J ,aw;ifapd; vy;iyia jhz;ba xd;W vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;.
mth;fshy; Nghw;wg;gl;L rpiynad tbj;J topg;gl;L mJjhd; tho;tpd; Mjhuk; vd;W mioj;j G+kp
jha; mjd; mopit jLf;f Kbahky; ,Ug;gij fhz;ghh;fs;. ,e;j rf;jpapd; cz;ikahd
nrhe;jf;fhuid mwpAk; Neuk; te;J tpl;lJ. ,t;thW njhpe;J nfhs;tJ mth;fSf;F vt;tpj
gaidAk; juhJ. ,jw;F Kd;dh; mth;fs; rpe;jpj;J ghh;jplhj rf;jpahy; jw;NghJ mth;fs;
#og;gl;bUg;ghh;fs;. mth;fsJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mwptpdhYk; kdrhl;rpahYk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s jtwpa
cz;ikfis mth;fs; gaj;NjhL mwpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;.

vy;iyaw;w rf;jpapdhy; gilf;fg;gl;l gPjpia xUtuhy; czug;glhj tiu mij tiuaiw nra;aNth
my;yJ Ghpe;J nfhs;sNth KbahJ. mJ vy;yh caUs;s kw;Wk; capuw;w midj;ijAk; #o;e;J
nfhs;Sk;. me;j gaq;fuk; midj;ijAk; mjd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; itj;Jnfhs;Sk;. kdpjh;fs;
tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if midj;Jk; ,e;j nghJthd gPjpf;F cs;shfpapUf;Fk;. me;ehspy; Kd;G
$wg;gl;lij Nghd;W kiyfs; fk;gPukhditfis my;y fly;fs; vy;iyaw;wjy;y thdk;
njhlKbahjjy;y. #hpad; el;rj;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; gpugQ;rk; midj;Jk; gaj;jhy; #og;gl;L fhzg;gLk;.
mit midj;Jk; ,iwtdplj;jpy; ruzile;JtpLk;. kiyfs; kzy;Nfhl;il Nghd;W tpOe;JtpLk;.
kiyfs; el;rj;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; fly;ifs gpwF Njha;Tw;W fhzg;gLk; kdpjDk; mopit re;jpg;ghd;.

fly;fs; nfhe;jspf;Fk;
jw;NghJ kdpjdplj;jpYs;s rf;jpfspd; %yk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspd; epjo;Tfis mwpe;J nfhs;s
KbahJ. “fly;fs; jP %l;lg;gLk;NghJ- capHfs; xd;wpizf;fg;gLk; NghJ “ (]_wh mj;-jfhtPh;: 6-
7).mj;Jld; “fly;fs; (nghq;fp xd;why; xd;W) mfw;wg;gLk; NghJ> “ ( ]_wh my;-,d;gpjhh;: 3).
,Ug;gpDk; mopTfs; ,iwtdJ Nguhyw;wypd; mbg;gilapy; rhpahd mstpy; fhzg;gLk;.

thdk; mopjy;
kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspy; cyfk; kl;Lky;y tpz;ntspAk; KO gpugQ;rKk; mopf;fg;gLk;.
thdj;jpw;Fk;> re;jpuDf;Fk; #hpaDf;Fk; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; cyfpYs;s kiyfSf;Fk; fly;fSf;Fk;
kw;Wk; G+kpf;F cs;Ns fhzg;gLk; midj;jpw;Fk; mopAk; Neuk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j ehis
gw;wp Fh;Md; $Wk;NghJ, “epr;rakhf cq;fSf;F thf;fspf;fg;gl;lJ epfo;tNjahFk;. ,d;Dk;>
el;rj;jpuq;fs; mopf;fg;gLk;NghJ- NkYk;> thdk; gpsf;fg;gLk; NghJ- md;wpAk;> kiyfs; (J}rpfisg;
Nghy;) gwf;fbf;fg;gLk;NghJ “ (]_wh my;-Kh;]yhj; : 7-10)

kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspy; kf;fs; epiyahdit vd;W Kiwahd XOq;Fs;sJ vd;Wk;
$wpaitfs; midj;Jk; xd;Wkpy;yhj epiyf;F NghFk;. thdKk; ,e;j epiyia re;jpf;Fk;. xUtd;
gpwe;jTld; G+kpf;F NkYs;s tspkz;lyj;ij (atmosphere) ghJfhf;Fk; $iuahf ,Ug;gij
fhz;fpwhd;. ,Ug;gpDk; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspy; $iu ,be;J Jz;LJz;lhf tpOk;.
kdpjid #o;e;J xt;nthU Rthrj;ijAk; je;J mtDf;F tho;tspf;Fk; fhw;Wk; tspkz;lyKk;
“thdk; cUf;fg;gl;l nrk;igg; Nghy; MfptpLk; ehspy; “ (]_wh my-kMhpI; : 8) . kpf gaq;fukhf
nfhOe;J tpl;nlhpAk;. midj;J fhw;WfSk; kdpjdpd; ,ug;igia milj;J mtDf;F tho;tspf;fhJ
mjw;Fgjpyhf vhpj;J tpLk;.

,t;Tyfpy; jw;NghJ ,lk;ngWk; NguopTfs; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspd; epfo;Tfis vkf;F
glk;gpbj;J fhl;Lfpd;wd. epyeLf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; vhpkiy ntbg;gJ Mfpad kdpjid kpfTk; gaj;ij
Vw;gLj;jf;$ba NguopTfshFk;. Gtpapd; jfLfs; epyeLf;fj;jpd; %ykhf ciltJk; vhpkiy ntbg;Gk;
md;whl tho;it Nfs;tp FwpahfptpLfpwJ.

epyeLf;fKk; vhpkiyAk; vt;tsT Jaiu je;jhYk; mit xUKiw kl;LNk epfOk;. epyeLf;fKk;
vhpkiy ntbg;Gk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F khj;jpuNk ,Uf;Fk;. fhaq;fs; Fzkile;jJk; tLf;fs;
kiwe;jJk; rpy fhyq;fspy; mit epidtpypUe;J kiwe;J NghFk;. Mdhy; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk;
ehshdJ epyeLf;fk; my;yJ kw;w NguopTifs Nghd;W ,Uf;fhJ. xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf NguopTfs;
eilngWk; tpjk; tpag;ghf ,Ug;gjhy; mit midj;Jk; jpUk;g Kbahj ,lj;jpw;F te;J tpl;ld
vd;gij fhl;Lk;. cjhuzkhf xUtdJ fw;gidf;F vl;lhj epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;. thdk; ,be;J
tpOk;. ,J xUtd; epiyahdJ vd;W Vw;Wf;nfhz;l “ ngsjPftpay; rl;l” j;jpd; tPo;r;rpahFk;.
gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfs; caph;tho;e;j G+kpAk; thdKk; mij gilj;jtdhNyNa nehWf;fg;gLk;. kPz;Lk;
caph; ngw;W vOk; ehis Fh;Mdpy; (]_wh my;-,d;gpjhh; : 1-3) thdk; cilAk; el;rj;jpuq;fs;
ntbj;J rpjWk; fly;fs; ngUf;nfLj;J XLk; vd;W $WfpwJ.
thdk; ntbj;J jpwf;Fk; NghJ, mJ thdk; gpse;JtpLk; NghJ- jdJ (,iwtdpd;
Mizf;F fl;Lg;gLtJ) flikahf;fg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy; jd; ,iwtdpd; fl;lisf;F (me;j
thdk;) mbgdpAk; NghJ (]_wh my;-,d;\pfhf; : 1-2)

#hpad; (xspapy;yhjjhfr;) RUl;lg;gLk; NghJ- el;rj;jpuq;fs; (xspapoe;J) cjpHe;J tpOk;NghJ

(]_wh mj;-jfhtPh; : 1-2)

gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfshf G+kpf;F xspA+l;bf;nfhz;bUe;j #hpad; RUl;lg;gLk;. mjw;F cz;ikahd

nrhe;jf;fhud; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;gij kf;fs; Ghpe;Jnfhs;thh;fs;. mtdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; tUk; tiu
mJ efUk;. kf;fs; milaKbahj xd;W vd;Wk; kf;Jtkpf;fJ vd;Wk; tpsq;f Kbahjitfs; vd;Wk;
el;rj;jpuq;fs; epidj;jhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; md;iwa jpdk; mitfs; jq;f Kyhk; G+rg;gl;l tpisahl;L
nghUl;fis Nghd;W xspia ,of;Fk;. ngUk; mirf;fKbahj kiyfs; efUk;. vy;iyaw;w fly;fs;
nfhjpf;Fk;. ,j;jifa epfo;Tfspd; %yk; midj;J gilg;GfspdJk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ngUk;
ty;yikAila xUtd; midj;J nghUl;fspdJk; kPJ Nguhw;wYilatid njhpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;.
Fwpf;fg;gl;l jtiz Kbtile;jJk; jd;id jhNd Vkhw;wp nfhz;bUe;j jpiufs; mfw;wp kdpjd;
ghhh;ghd;. ,e;j kwjp Vw;gl fhuzk; kdpjd; ,t;Tyfpy; tho;e;j nghOjpy;

mtdJ gilg;ghsdpd kfj;Jtj;ij czu jtwp tpl;lhd;. md;iwa jpdk; tho;ifapdJk;

gpugQ;rj;jpdJk; cz;ikahd nrhe;jf;fhuid milahk; fz;Lnfhs;thh;fs;.

my;yh`;tpd; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fj; jf;fthW mtHfs; mtid fz;zpag;gLj;j tpy;iy¢ ,d;Dk;

,e;jg;G+kp KOJk; fpahk ehspy; mtDila xU gpbjhd;¢ NkYk;> thdq;fsidj;Jk;
mtDila tyf;ifahy; RUl;lg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;¢ mtHfs; ,izitg;gij tpl;Lk; mtd;
kfh J}atd;. (]_wh m];-]{kh; : 67)

kf;fspd; epiy
kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspy; Vw;gLk; gak; Fog;gk; Mfpait mtek;gpf;ifahshpd;
ftdf;Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. Vt;tsT Jhuk; mtd; ftdf;Fiwthf ,Uf;fpwhNdh me;jsT gak;
mtid me;ehspy; cYf;fp vLf;Fk;. kuzj;NjhL Vw;gLk; gaKk; gaq;fuKk; vd;nwd;Wk; epiyj;J
epw;Fk;. xt;nthU epfo;Tk; mtDf;F gaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. mtd; re;jpf;Fk; xt;nthU Nkhrkhd
epfo;TfSk; mtDf;F Vw;glg;NghFk; gaj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j gaj;jpd; tpisthf Foe;ijfspd;
Kb rhk;gy; epwkhf khwptpLk;.

vdNt> ePq;fs; epuhfhpj;jPHfshdhy;> Foe;ijfisAk; eiuj;jtHfshf;Fk; me;j

ehspypUe;J vt;thW jg;gpf;f NghfpwPHfs;. mjpy; thdk; gpse;J tpLk;¢ mtDila
thf;FWjp nray;gLj;jg;gLk;. (]_wh my;-K]k;kpy; : 17-18)

,iwtd; jq;fis ftdpf;ftpy;iy vd;W epidj;Jnfhz;bUe;jth;fs; ,iwtd; jq;fsJ jPh;g;Gfis

kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehs; tiu js;sp itj;Js;shd; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. ,J
fPo;fz;lthW tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk; mf;fpukf;fhuHfs; nra;J nfhz;bUg;gijg; gw;wp my;yh`; ghuhKfkhf ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W
(egpNa!) ePH epr;rakhf vz;z Ntz;lhk;¢ mtHfSf;F (jz;lidia) jhkjg; gLj;Jtnjy;yhk;>
fz;fs; tpiuj;Jg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;NlapUf;Fk; (me;j kWik) ehSf;fhfj;jhd;. -(]_wh ,Gwh`pk;:
42)

,d;ndhU trdj;jpy; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;;fspd; gaj;ij gw;wp ,t;thW tpsf;FfpwJ.

jpLf;fplr; nra;Ak; (epfo;r;rp). jpLf;fplr; nra;Ak; (epfo;r;rp) vd;d? jpLf;fplr; nra;Ak;

(epfo;r;rp) vd;d ntd;W ckf;F vJ mwptpj;jJ? me;ehspy; rpjwbf;fg;gll <ry;fisg;
Nghd;W kdpjHfs; MfptpLthHfs;. NkYk;> kiyfs; nfhl;lg;gl;l gQ;irg; Nghd;W
MfptpLk;. (]_wh my;-fhhpM : 1-5)

,t;TyfpYs;s cWjpahd ge;jq;fspy; xU jha; jdJ Fow;ij kPJ itj;Js;s md;Gk;

guhkhpg;GkhFk;. kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOk; ehspd; fLikapd; fhuzkhf ,e;j cWjpahd ge;jKk;
cile;J NghFk;. gak; midj;ijAk; mjd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; itj;J nfhs;Sk;. ngUk; mjph;r;rp
kf;fis mth;fsJ Raepidit ,of;f nra;J tpLk;. gPjpapdJk; Fog;gj;jpdJk; fhuzkhf mth;fs;
FbNghijapYs;sth;fis Nghd;W XLthh;fs;. mth;fspd; Raepidit ,of;f nra;jJ ,iwtdJ
fLk; rhgkhFk;.

kdpjHfNs! ePq;fs; cq;fSila ,iwtid gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ epr;rakhf (fpahkj;J

ehshfpa) mt;Ntisapd; mjpHr;rp> kfj;jhd ngUk; epfo;r;rpahFk;. me;ehspy;> ghY}l;bf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; xt;nthU jhAk; jhd; Cl;Lk; Foe;ijia kwe;J tpLtijAk;> xt;nthU
fHg;gpzpAk; jd; Rikia <d;W tpLtijAk; ePq;fs; fhz;gPHfs;¢ NkYk;> kdpjHfis kjp
kaq;fpatHfshf ,Uf;f fhz;gPH¢ vdpDk; (mJ kJtpdhy; Vw;gl;l) kjp kaf;fky;y¢
Mdhy; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjid kpff; fLikahdjhFk;. (]_wh my;-`I; : 1-2)

me;ehspy; gak; kw;Wk; gPjpia jtpu vd;d nra;tJ vd;W mwpahky; kf;fs; jpz;lhLthh;fs;. kdpjd;
midj;J mopTfs; kw;Wk; gaq;fu NguopTfs; kw;Wk; kpfg;gaq;fu epyeLf;fk; kw;Wk; nts;sk; #whtsp
kw;Wk; kpf nfhLikahd mZthAj Nghh; Nghd;w midj;J mopTfspypUe;Jk; jd;id ghJfhj;J
nfhs;s midj;J Kd;ndr;rhpf;iffisAk; nra;Js;shd;. kdpjd; jd;id ghJfhj;J nfhs;s
jFe;j ciwtplq;fis mikj;Js;shd;. ,Ug;gpDk; me;ehspy; xUtd; jQ;rkila vt;tpj
ghJfhg;ghd xU ,lKk; ,Uf;fhJ. mtDf;F ,iwtdplkpUe;J vt;tpj cjtpAk; fpilf;fhJ.
mtDf;F cjtf;$ba ve;j xU kdpjNdh my;yJ mikg;Ngh ,Uf;fhJ. Kd;G kdpjd; tpQ;Qhdk;
kw;Wk; etPd njhopEl;gj;ij nfhz;L cjtp kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy;fis ngw;whd;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ
tpQ;Qhd rl;lq;fs; mope;Jtpl;ld. xUtd; etPd njhopEl;gj;ij nfhz;L tpz;ntspapy; ve;j xU
Jhu ,lj;jpw;F nrd;whYk; ,iwtdJ rhgk; mtid te;jilAk;. mjw;F fhuzk; kWik KO
gpugQ;rj;ijAk; #o;e;Jnfhs;Sk;. mtd; ghJfhg;ghf thOk; cyfk; kl;Lky;y kpf JhuKs;s
el;rj;jpuq;fSk; #hpad; (xspapy;yhjjhfr;) RUl;lg;gLk; NghJ kw;Wk;; el;rj;jpuq;fs; (xspapoe;J)
cjpHe;J tpOk;NghJ (]_wh mj;-jfhtPh; : 1-2) ,iwtdJ fl;lisf;F fl;Lg;gLk;.

kdpjdpd; ,ayhik epiyia gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

re;jpuDk; xspAk; kq;fp- #hpaDk; re;jpuDk; xd;W NrHf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. me;ehspy; '(jg;gpj;Jf;

nfhs;s) vq;F tpuz;NlhLtJ?" vd;W kdpjd; Nfl;ghd;. ',y;iy> ,y;iy! jg;g
,lNkapy;iy!" (vd;W $wg;gLk;). me;ehspy; ck; ,iwtdplk; jhd; jq;Fkplk; cz;L..
(]_wh my;-fpahkh : 8-12)

,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf vf;fhsk; Cjg;gLjYk; kuzpj;jth;fs; vOtJk;

vf;fhsk; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf Cjg;gl;lJk; thdKk; G+kpAk; nehWf;fg;gl;L midj;Jk; KbTf;F

tUk;. capUs;s xd;Wk; ,Uf;fhJ. Fh;Md; ,ij ,e;j G+kp NtW G+kpahfTk;> ,d;Dk; thdq;fSk;
khw;wg;gLk; ehspy; (mtHfs; jz;bf;fg;gLthHfs;.) NkYk; mlf;fpahSk; Vfdhfpa my;yh`;tpd;
Kd;dpiyapy; ntspahfp epw;ghHfs;. (]_wh ,Gwh`Pk; : 48) . filrp jPh;g;Gf;fhd jahhpf;fg;gl;l
,e;j mikg;ig ,t;thW tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

egpNa!) ,d;Dk; ck;kplk; kiyfisg;gw;wp mtHfs; Nfl;fpwhHfs;. 'mitfis vd; ,iwtd;

J}s; J}shf;fp (kzy;fisg; Nghy; gug;gp)tpLthd;" vd;W ePH $WtPuhf. 'gpd;G> mtw;iwr;
rkntspahf;fp tpLthd;. 'mjpy; ePH NkL gs;sj;ij fhzkhl;BH." (]_wh jh`h : 105-107)

,e;j epiyapy; jhd; kf;fs; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOe;J mth;fs; nra;jitfSf;fhf fzf;F fhl;l
xd;W Nrh;f;fg;gl;bUg;ghh;fs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; jhq;fs; vq;F Nghthh;fs; vd;gij mwpthh;fs;.
kdpjh;fs; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOe;J my;-f`;`hh; (Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk;) ,iwtDf;F Kd;
epWj;jg;gLk; Neuk; te;Jtpl;lJ. vf;fhsk; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf Cjg;gLk;. cyfj;jpy; kWikiaAk;
kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLtijAk; kWj;jth;fs; mth;fSila fy;yiwfspypUe;J vOg;gg;gLthh;fs;. ,J
mth;fs; vd;WNk vjph; ghuhj xd;whf ,Uf;Fk;. ,ij gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

]_H; (vf;fhsk;) Cjg;gl;lhy; cld; thdq;fspy; cs;stHfSk;> G+kpapy; cs;stHfSk; -

my;yh`; ehbatHfisj; jtpu - %Hr;rpj;J tpLthHfs;¢ gpwF mjpy; kW jlit
Cjg;gl;lJk; cld; mtHfs; ahtUk; vOe;J> vjpH Nehf;fp epw;ghHfs;. NkYk;> G+kp jd;
,iwtDila xspiaf; nfhz;L gpufhrpf;Fk;¢ (mtHfSila) Fwpg;NgL (mtHfs; Kd;)
itf;fg;gLk;¢ ,d;Dk;> egpkhHfSk;> rhl;rpfSk; nfhz;Ltug;gLthHfs;¢ mtHfspilNa
epahakhfj; jPHg;gspf;fg;gLk;. md;wpAk; mtHfs; (rpwpJk;) mepahak; nra;ag;gl khl;lhHfs;.
(]_wh my;-[Pkh; : 68-69)

fy;yiwfspypUe;J vOk;Gjy;
,iwtdJ tpUg;gg;gb kf;fs; fy;yiwfspypUe;J vOk;Gk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ngUk; epfo;it gw;wp; Fh;Md;
,t;thW $WfpwJ.

thdKk;> G+kpAk; mtDila fl;lisapdhy; epiyngw;W epw;gJk; mtd; mj;jhl;rpfspdpd;Wk;

cs;sd¢ gpd;dH XH miog;igf; nfhz;L cq;fis mioj;j cld; ePq;fs;> G+kpapypUe;J
ntspg;gl;L tUtPHfs;. (]_wh mh;-&k; : 25)

mq;Nf cjtpnra;jy; cz;ikahd my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpaJ> mtd; $yp toq;FtjpYk; kpf;f

rpwe;jtd;¢ KbntLg;gjpYk; kpf;f Nkyhdtd-(]_wh fh./g; : 44.;)

-miog;ghsdpd; miog;ig Vw;W mtid Nehf;fpath;fshf tpiuthh;fs;. ,e;j miog;G mth;fs;.

,Jtiu Nfl;buhj miog;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.

Mifahy; (egpNa!) mtHfis tpl;Lk; ePH jpUk;gp tpLk;¢ (mtHfSf;F) ntWg;ghd (Nfs;tp
fzf;F) tp\aj;jpw;fhf miog;gtH (mtHfis) miof;Fk; ehspy;: (]_wh my;-fkh; : 6)

me;ehspy; mtHfs; (]_H %yk;) miog;gtiuNa gpd;gw;wpr; nry;thHfs;¢ mjpy; vj;jifa

NfhzYk; ,Uf;fhJ¢ ,d;Dk; (mt; Ntis) mHu`;khDf;F (mQ;rp) vy;yhr; rg;jq;fSk;
xLq;fp tpLk;. fhy;fs; (nkJthf mbnaLj;J itf;Fk;) rg;jj;ijj; jtpu (NtnwijAk;) ePH
Nfl;fkhl;BH. -(]_wh jh`h : 108)

epr;rakhf mtHfs; (jhq;fs; Muhjid nra;Ak;) vy;iyf; fw;fspd;ghy; tpiue;J

nry;gtHfisg; Nghy; me;ehspy; (jq;fs;) fg;WfspypUe;J tpiuthf ntspahthHfs;. -(]_wh
my;-kMhpI; : 43)

,iwtd; tpjpj;j vy;iyfis jhz;b vy;iykPwpath;fs; ,iwtDf;F fl;Lg;glhjth;fs; jq;fs;

tpUg;gg;gb tho;e;jth;fs; ,iwtid kWj;jth;fs; midth;fSk; kPz;Lk; caph; ngw;W vOe;jJk;
,iwtDf;F KOJk; fl;Lg;gl;lth;fshf khwptpLthh;fs;. mtdJ miog;ig vt;tpj vjph;g;Gk; ,d;wp
Vw;Wf;nfhs;thh;fs;. fhuzk; ghPl;ir cyfpNyNa Kbe;J tpl;lJ vdNt fl;Lg;gLtij jtpu NtW
vt;tpj Njh;e;njLf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; ,Uf;fhJ. mth;fs; tpUk;gpdhYk; mjw;F khw;wkhf nra;a KbahJ.
mth;fs; mj;jifa Miria epidj;J ghh;f;fTk; KbahJ.. ,e;j miog;ig epuhfhpf;f mth;fSf;F
ve;j rf;jpAk; fpilahJ. mjdhy; jhd; ,uf;fkw;w jpdj;jpy; rpf;fp nfhz;ljhf czh;thh;fs;.

fOj;J ePl;ba epiyapy;, fz;fs; gpJq;fpa epiyapy; miog;gtid Nehf;fp tpiuthh;fs;. mg;NghJ Vf
,iwtid kWj;jth;fs; $Wthh;fs;: ,J kpfTk; f\;lkhd ehs.; (]_wh my;-fkh; : 8)

- ,t;thW Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpj;jth;fs; tpiue;J XKthh;fs;. midtUk; KOikahf

fl;Lg;gl;L ,Ug;ghh;fs;. me;ehspy; kf;fs; nfhz;Ls;s xNuxU nghUs; ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
,Ug;gpDk; Vf ,iwtid kWj;jth;fs; mjpypUe;J tpyf;fg;gl;bUg;ghh;fs;. mjdhy;jhd;
mth;fsJ ,jaq;fs; Xl;il ,Ug;gjhy; (me;ehspy;) jq;fSila rpuq;fis (vg;gf;fKk;
ghuhky;) epkpHj;jpatHfshfTk;> tpiue;NjhLgth;fshfTk; mtHfs; ,Ug;ghHfs;¢ (epiy Fj;jpa)
mtHfspd; ghHit mtHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;ghJ. ,d;Dk;> mtHfSila ,Ujaq;fs; (jpLf;fq;
nfhz;L) #dpakhf ,Uf;Fk; (]_wh ,Gwh`Pk; : 43)

mth;fs; $l;lj;jpDhNl Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;ij Nehf;fp nry;thh;fs;.

]_H (vf;fhsk;) Cjg;gLk; me;ehspy; ePq;fs; mzpmzpahf tUtPHfs (]_wh md;-egh : 18)

NkYk;> ]_H Cjg;gl;lJk;> clNd mtHfs; rkhjpfspypUe;J ntspg;gl;Lj; jq;fs;

,iwtdplk; tpiuthHfs;. 'vq;fSila Jf;fNk! vq;fs; J}q;Fkplq;fspypUe;J vq;fis
vOg;gpatH ahH?" vd;W mtHfs; Nfl;ghHfs;¢ mHu`;khd; thf;fspj;jJk;> (mtDila)
J}jHfs; cz;iknadf; $wpaJk; ,Jjhd;" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh
ah]pd; :51-52)

ngUk; gPjp kw;Wk; Vkhw;wj;jpd; tpisT “INah vq;fSf;F NfL” vdW $wg;gLk;. jhd; kPz;Lk;
vOg;ggl;lij ghh;f;Fk; mtek;gpf;ifahsd; ,iwtdJ Jhjh; jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; ,e;j
epfo;it gw;wp $wpaJ cz;ik vd;W tpsq;fp nfhs;thd;. mtd; mtekgpf;ifahsh;fSf;F
thf;fspf;fg;gl;l epue;ju rpj;jputij jdf;F fpilf;Fk; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thd;. me;Neuj;jpy;
mtd; mt;tplak; rk;ge;jkhd midj;J re;Njfq;fisAk; tpl;Lk; ePq;fp epue;jukhd Jhf;fj;ij
Nghd;W xd;Wkpy;iy vd;W Vq;Fthd;. mtDf;F ,ul;rpg;Gf;F gjpyhf Vw;gl NghFk; NgUk; Ntjid
mwpe;jJk; mtdJ Vkhw;wk; ,d;dk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

- Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpj;jth;fs; gae;J gPjpAw;W nra;tjwpahJ jtpg;ghh;fs;. mth;fsJ Kfq;fs;

fUj;J GOjpahy; epug;gg;gl;L gae;jth;fshf mth;fsJ Njhw;wk; ,Uf;fk;. mth;fs;
rpWikgLj;jg;gLthh;fs;.

me;ehspy; rpy Kfq;fs; ,opTgl;bUf;Fk;. (]_wh my;-fh\pah : 2)

Mdhy; me;ehspy; - (NtW) rpy Kfq;fs;> mtw;wpd; kPJ GOjp gbe;jpUf;Fk;. mtw;iwf;
fUik ,Us; %bapUf;Fk;. mtHfs;jhk;> epuhfhpj;jtHfs;¢ jPatHfs;. (]_wh mg]h : 40-
42)

md;wpAk; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;Aiuj;jhHfNs (mtHfSila) Kfq;fs; fpahk ehspy; fWj;Jg;

NghapUg;gij ePH fhz;gPH¢ ngUikabj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ,tHfspd; jq;Fkplk; eufj;jpy;
,Uf;fpwjy;yth? (]_wh m];-]{kh; : 60)

,iwtd; kWik ehspy; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fis FUlh;fshf vOg;Gthd;.

'vtd; vd;Dila cgNjrj;ijg; Gwf;fzpf;fpwhNdh> epr;rakhf mtDf;F neUf;fbahd

tho;f;ifNa ,Uf;Fk;¢ NkYk;> ehk; mtid fpahk ehspy; FUldhNt vOg;GNthk;" vd;W
$wpdhd;. (mg;NghJ mtd;) 'vd; ,iwtNd! ehd; ghHitAilatdhf ,Ue;NjNd! vd;id
 Vd; FUldhf vOg;gpdha;?" vd;W $Wthd;. (mjw;F ,iwtd;>) ',t;tpjk;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;¢
ek;Kila trdq;fs; cd;dplk; te;jd¢ mtw;iw eP kwe;Jtpl;lha;¢ mt;thNw ,d;iwa jpdk;
ePAk; kwf;fg;gl;L tpl;lha;" vd;W $Wthd;. (]_wh jh`h : 124-126)

my;yh`; ahiu NeHtopapy; nrYj;JfpwhNdh> mtH jhk; NeHtopg;ngw;wtH MthH¢ ,d;Dk;

mtd; ahiu topNfl;by; tpLfpwhNdh m(j;jifa)tUf;F cjtp nra;NthH mtidad;wp NtW
vtiuAk; ePH fhzkhl;BH¢ NkYk; mtHfisf; FUlHfshfTk;> CikfshfTk;>
nrtplHfshfTk; jk; Kfq;fspy; Fg;Gw tUk;gb nra;J fpahk ehspy; xd;W NrHg;Nghk;¢ ,d;Dk;
mtHfs; xJq;Fk; ,lk; eufNkahFk;¢ (euf neUg;G). mizAk; Nghnjy;yhk; ehk;
mtHfSf;F neUg;ig mjpfkhf;FNthk;. (]_wh my;-,];uh : 97)

- fz;zpd; ntz;ikahd gFjp ePy epwkhf khWk;.. ,t;thW fz;fspd; epwk; khw;wkiltJ Vf
,iwtid epuhfhpjjth;fspd; mUtUg;ghd Njhw;wj;ijAk; gaj;ijAk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

]_H (vf;fhsk;) Cjg;gLk; ehs; mJ¢ Fw;wthspfis> (gaj;jpdhy;) ePyk; G+j;j

fz;ZilNahuhf ehk; me;ehspy; xd;W NrHg;Nghk;. -(]_wh jh`h : 102)

Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpjjth;fspd; ,j;jifa mUtUg;ghd gaq;fu Njhw;wkhdJ mth;fis

ek;gpf;ifahsh;fspypUe;J ,yFtpy; gphpj;J mwptpf;Fk;. ,iwtdJ trdq;fSf;F vjpuhf Nghhpl;L
Nkhrkhf ele;J nfhz;bUe;j kf;fspd; ,Wjp Kbtpd; Muk;gk; ,JthFk;.

vt;tpj el;Ngh my;yJ cwNth my;yJ xj;Jiog;Ngh fhzg;glkhl;lhJ

md;iwa jpdk; kw;wth;fia gw;wp rpe;jpf;f khl;lhd;. mtd; mtid ngw;nwLj;j jhiaAk; jfg;gidAk;
tho;if JiziaAk; gps;isfisAk; tpl;L ntUz;NlhLthd;. kWikapd; Vw;gLk; rpe;jpj;J ghh;f;f
Kbahj gaq;fuj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf xt;nthUtUk; jq;fis gw;wp kl;LNk rpe;jpg;ghh;fs;.
md;iwa jpdj;ij ,iwtd; ,t;thW tpthpf;fpahd;.

epahaj; jPHg;G ehs; vd;d ntd;W ckf;F mwptpg;gJ vJ? gpd;Dk; - epahaj; jPHg;G ehs; vd;d
vd;W ckf;F mwptpg;gJ vJ? me;ehspy; XH mj;kh gpwpNjhH Mj;khTf;F vJTk; nra;a rf;jp
ngwhJ¢ mjpfhuk; KOtJk; md;W my;yh`;Tf;Nf. (]_wh my;-,d;gpjhh; : 17-19)

MfNt> (Af Kbtpd; NghJ fhijr; nrtplhf;Fk; ngUQ; rg;jk; tUk; NghJ - me;j ehspy; kdpjd;
tpuz;L XLthd; - jd; rNfhjuid tpl;Lk; - jd; jhia tpl;Lk;> jd; je;ijia tpl;Lk;¢ jd;
kidtpia tpl;Lk;> jd; kf;fis tpl;Lk;- md;W xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; mtdtd; (mty) epiyNa
NghJkhdjhapUf;Fk;. (]_wh mg]h : 33-37)

,t;Tyf tho;tpd; kpfg;ngUkjpahd r%f ge;jq;fs; Kbtpw;F tUk;. md;iwa jpdj;jpd; gaq;fuk;
fhuzkhf midj;J neUq;fpa cwTfSk; mh;jkw;W NghFk;. ek;gpf;if kl;LNk kpf ngWkjp kpf;fjhf
,Uf;Fk;.

vdNt ]_H (vf;fhsk;) Cjg;gl;L tpl;lhy;> me;ehspy; mtHfSf;fpilNa ge;Jj;Jtq;fs;

,Uf;fhJ¢ xUtUf;nfhUtH tprhhpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; khl;lhHfs;. vtUila (ed;ikfspd;)
vilfs; fdkhf ,Uf;fpd;wdNth mtHfs; jhk; ntw;wpahsHfs;. Mdhy;> vtUila
(ed;ikfspd;) vilfs; ,Nyrhf ,Uf;fpd;wdNth> mtHfs; jhk; jq;fisNa
e\;lg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltHfs;¢ mtHfs; jhk; eufj;jpy; epue;jukhdtHfs;. (]_wh my;-
%/kpDhd; :101-103)
FLk;g cwTfSk; ge;jq;fSk; Kwpe;J NghFk.; ve;jstpw;nfd;why; kdpjh;fs; jhq;fs; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mth;fsJ gps;isfisAk;> tho;f;if JizfisAk>; rNfhjuh;fisAk;
mth;fsJ midj;J cwtpdh;fisAk; gzakhf nfhLf;f jahuhthh;fs;.

(mDjhgKilatdhf ,Ue;j) xU ez;gd; kw;nwhU ez;gid gw;wp (mDjhgj;Jld;)

tprhhpf;fkhl;lhd;. mtHfs; NeUf;F NeH fhz;ghHfs;> (Mdhy; tprhhpj;Jf; nfhs;s
khl;lhHfs;)¢ me;ehspd; Ntjidf;F <lhff; Fw;wthsp <LnfhLf;fg; gphpag;gLthd;¢ jd;
kf;fisAk;- jd; kidtpiaAk;> jd; rNfhjuidAk;- mtid mutizj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;j mtDila Rw;wj;jhiuAk;- ,d;Dk; G+kpapYs;s midtiuAk;
(<LnfhLj;Jj;) jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;s (gphpag;gLthd;). mt;thW (MtJ)
,y;iy¢ Vnddpy; epr;rakhf m(e;eufkht)J nfhOe;Jtpl;L vhpAk; neUg;ghFk;.
(]_wh my;-kMhpI; : 10-15)

cz;ikapy; mtek;gpf;ifahshpd; ntFkjpfs; Nfs;tpf;Fwpahd Neuj;jpy; mth;fspd; ,uf;fkw;w

ed;wpkwe;j epiyia fhl;LfpwJ. ,e;j tho;ifapd; NghypahdJ vd;gij vr;rhpf;fpwJ. xUtd;
vg;nghOJNk Kf;fpakpy;yhj Mirfs;, fth;r;rpfukhd njhopy;, xU mofhd tPL, ngz;
Nghd;wtw;iw Juj;jp nry;fpwhd;. gzj;jpw;fhf tho;ehs; KOtJk; nryT nra;fpwhd;. ,Ug;gpDk;
mtd; jd;id fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu fhuzj;jpw;fhf xU ngz;iz kl;Lky;y cyfpYs;s
midj;J ngz;fisAk; my;yJ mtdplKs;s midj;ijAk; mtdJ ,ul;rpg;gpw;F gzakhf nfhLf;f
jahuhf ,Ug;ghd; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,it midj;Jk; gadw;w nray;fshFk;.
cyfpYs;s midj;jpw;Fk; cz;ikahd nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; kl;LNk. kWGwj;jpy; cyf
tho;ifNahL ,ul;rpg;Gk; nrd;Wtpl;lJ. jw;NghJ fhyk; fle;J tpl;lJ. thf;fspf;fg;gl;lthW euf
neUg;G vhpaj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ.

kf;fs; jq;fs; nray;fSf;F fzf;F fhl;Ltjw;fhf xd;W Nrhf;fg;gly;

Fh;Md; tho;ifapd; cz;ikahd mh;jj;ij tpsf;FfpwJ.

kdpjNd! epr;rakhf eP cd; ,iwtdplk; NrUk; tiu Kide;J ciog;gtdhf ciof;fpd;wha;

- gpd;dH mtidr; re;jpg;gtdhf ,Uf;fpd;wha;. (]_wh my;-,d;\pfhf; : 6)

ehk; ekJ tho;ehspy; vd;d nra;j NghjpYk; ,iwtDf;F Kd;ghf epWj;jg;gLNthk;. ,e;j tho;if
nfhLf;fg;gl;ljd; xNu Nehf;fk; mtdJ mbikfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gNj. kWGwj;jpy; kpf
Kf;fpakhd NeukhdJ kWikapy; vkJ tho;ifapy; nray;fSf;fhd fzf;Ffis nfhLf;Fk;
NeukhFk;.

fle;J nry;Yk; ehl;fs; vk;ik me;Neuj;jpw;F rkPgkhf nfhz;L nry;fpd;wd. vk;ik tpl;L nry;Yk;
xt;nthU kzpNeuKk; epkplq;fSk; nehbfSk; vk;ik kuzk;> kWik> fzf;F fhl;Ljy; Mfpatw;wpd;
ghy; ,l;L nry;fpd;wd. tho;ifahdJ gz;ila fhyj;jpy; cgNahfpf;fg;gl;l kzy; fbfhuk; me;j
jpirapy; njhlh;r;rpahf Xbf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Neuj;ij epWj;j ve;j topAkpy;iy. mij jpUg;gTk;
KbahJ. vy;yh kf;fSk; ,e;j topiaNa gpd;gw;Wfpwhh;fs;.

epr;rakhf> ek;kplNk mtHfSila kPSjy; ,Uf;fpwJ. gpd;dH> epr;rakhf ek;kplNk mtHfisf;

Nfs;tp fzf;F Nfl;gJk; ,Uf;fpwJ. (]_wh my;-fh\pah : 25-26)

,d;W cyfpy; Rkhh; 6 gpy;ypad; kf;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,e;j vz;zpf;ifia ,jw;F Kd;
tho;e;jth;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNahL xg;gpLk; NghJ kWikapy; vt;tsT kf;fs; xd;W Nrhf;fg;gLthh;fs;
vd;W fw;gid nra;J ghh;fTk;. midj;J kf;fSk;> cyfpd; Kjy; kdpjh; Mjk; Kjy; ,e;j cyfpy;
thOk; filrp Vf ,iwtid kWj;jtd; tiu midtUk; mq;F xd;W Nrh;f;fg;gLthh;fs;. kf;fs;
nts;sk; xU tpj;jpahrkhd Njhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. mNj Neuk; mJ gaq;fukhf ,Ug;gJ cWjp.
,iwtDf;F Kd;dhy; epWj;jg;gLk; kf;fspd; epiyia Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

md;iwa jpdk; mth;fs; vt;tpj FiwghLfSkpy;yhj miog;ghsdpd; miog;ig Vw;ghh;fs;. mstw;w

mUshsdpd; Kd;dhy; Fuy;fs; midj;Jk; mikjpahfptpLk;. ePq;fs; mzptFf;Fk; fhy;fspd;
rg;jj;ij kl;LNk Nfl;gPh;fs;.
md;iwa jpdk; mstw;w mUshsd; ahUf;nfy;yhk; mDkjp nfhLf;fpwhNsh mth;fspd; ghpe;Jiu
kl;LNk Vw;Wnfhs;sg;gLk;.

myh;fSf;F Kd;dhy; kw;Wk; gpd;dhy; ,Ug;gij mtd; mwpthd;. Mdhy; mth;fspd; mwpT mtid
cs;slf;fhJ.

me;ehspy; mtHfs; (]_H %yk;) miog;gtiuNa gpd;gw;wpr; nry;thHfs;¢ mjpy; vj;jifa

NfhzYk; ,Uf;fhJ¢ ,d;Dk; (mt; Ntis) mHu`;khDf;F (mQ;rp) vy;yhr;
rg;jq;fSk; xLq;fp tpLk;. fhy;fs; (nkJthf mbnaLj;J itf;Fk;) rg;jj;ijj; jtpu
(NtnwijAk;) ePH Nfl;fkhl;BH. me;ehspy; mHu`;khd; vtiu mDkjpj;J> vtUila
Ngr;ir cte;J nfhs;fpwhNdh> mtHfisj; jtpu NtW vtUila \/ghmj;Jk;
(ghpe;JiuAk;) gydspf;fhJ. mtHfSf;F Kd;dpUg;gijAk;> mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
,Ug;gijAk; mtd; ed;fwpthd;¢ Mdhy; mtHfs; mij(j; jq;fs;) fy;tpawpT nfhz;L
#o;e;jwpa khl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> epiyj;jtdhfpa epj;jpa [Ptdhd (my;yh`;Tf;F)
ahtUila Kfq;fSk; gzpe;J jho;e;JtpLk;¢ MfNt vtd; mf;fpukj;ijr; Rke;J
nfhz;lhNdh> mtd; ew;Ngwpoe;jtdhfp tpLthd;. (]_wh jh`h: 108-111)

Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpj;jth;fs; mth;fsJ tho;ehl;fspy; kWj;j> mNjNeuk; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fs;

MtNyhL jq;fis jahh;gLj;jp nfhz;l, fzf;F nfhLf;Fk; Neuk; te;J tpl;lJ. ,e;j
ngUk; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;fhf kfj;jhd ,lk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;ehspy;

thdKk; gpse;J> md;dhspy; mJ mbNahL jd; rf;jpia ,oe;J tpLk;. ,d;Dk;

kyf;Ffs; mjd; NfhbapypUg;ghHfs;¢ md;wpAk;> me;ehspy; ck;Kila ,iwtdpd; mHi\
(thdtH) vl;Lg;NgH jk; Nky; Rke;jpUg;ghHfs;. (]_wh my;-`hf;fh : 16-17)

&`{ (vd;w [pg;uaPY)k;> kyf;FfSk; mzpazpahf epw;Fk; ehspy; mHu`;khd; vtUf;F

mDkjp nfhLfpwhNdh mtHfisj; jtpHj;J NtnwtUk; Ngrkhl;lhHfs; -
m(j;jifa)tUk; NeHikahdijNa $WthH. -(]_wh md;-egh : 38)

thdq;fspdJk; G+kpfspdJk; ,iwtd; mtdJ mbikfsplj;jpy; mth;fspd; nray;fSf;fhd

fzf;Ffis Nfl;ghd;. mtdJ kf;Jtj;jpw;Fk; ty;yikf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd> Ntjid ,Uf;Fk;.
eufj;jpy; ngUk; rg;jj;Jld; neUg;G vhpe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; midj;ijAk; tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy;
gilf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fSf;F rhpahd Ntjidia jahh;gLj;jpAs;shd;. me;ehspy;
,iwtd; nfhLf;Fk; Jd;gj;ij Nghd;W vtuhYk; nfhLf;f KbahJ.

mg;gbay;y! G+kp J}s; J}shfj; jfHf;fg;gLk; NghJ> ck;Kila ,iwtDk;> thdtUk;

mzpazpahf tUk;NghJ> me;ehspy; eufk; Kd; nfhz;L tug;gLk; NghJ - me;ehspy;
kdpjd; czHT ngWthd;¢ me;j (ehspy;) czHT (ngWtjpdhy;) mtDf;F vd;d
gyd;. 'vd; (kWik) tho;f;iff;fhf ed;ikia ehd; Kw;gLj;jp (mDg;gp)apUf;f
Ntz;LNk!" vd;W mg;NghJ kdpjd; $Wthd;. Mdhy; me;ehspy; (my;yh`; nra;Ak;)
Ntjidiag; Nghy;> NtW vtDk; Ntjid nra;akhl;lhd;. NkYk;> mtd; fl;LtJ
Nghy; NtW vtDk; fl;lkhl;lhd;. (]_wh my-g/Ih;: 21-26)

kdpjd; jdJ ,iwtDf;F fl;Lg;glhky; me;ehSf;fhf jd;id jahh;gLj;jhky; ,Ue;jhy; mtd;

gpd;G kpfTk; tUj;jg;gLthd;. mtd; kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;glhky; cyfpNyNa kz;NdhL kz;zhf ,Uf;f
Mirg;gLthd;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j tUj;jj;jhy; ve;j gaDkpy;iy. ,jw;F khwhf mtd; Ntjidapd;
kWgf;fkhf khwp mtd; eufj;jpy; vwpag;gLthd;.

Gj;jfk; nfhLf;fg;gly;
kPz;Lk; caph;ngw;W vOjypdhy; vw;gl;l mjph;r;rpapypUe;J kPz;L tu Kd;dh; kdpjh;fs; gak; kw;Wk;
gPjpahy; fyf;fkilathh;fs;. ,jw;F fhuzk; mtd; jdJ ,iwtDf;F Kd;dhy; nray;fSf;fhd
fzf;Ffis nfhLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. . mtdJ tho;ehspy; mtd; nrajitfs; kw;Wk; mtdJ
rpe;jidfs; midj;Jk; ntspaplg;gLk;. xU rpW nray;fSk; tpLglkhl;lhJ.
 (Y/f;khd; jk; Gjy;thplk;) vd; mUik kfNd! (ed;ikNah> jPikNah) mJ xU fLfpd;
tpj;J msNt vilAs;sJ MapDk;¢ mJ fw;ghiwf;Fs; ,Ue;jhYk; my;yJ thdq;fspy;
,Ue;jhYk;> my;yJ G+kpf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;jhYk; my;yh`; mijAk; (ntspNa) nfhz;L
tUthd;¢ epr;rakhf my;yh`; Ez;zwpT kpf;ftd;¢ (xt;nthd;wpd; me;juq;fj;ijAk;)
ed;fwpgtd;. (]_wh Yf;khd; : 16)

,J Rth;f;fk; kw;Wk; eufj;jpw;F rkPgkhf cs;s NeukhFk;. kf;fs; jhq;fs; epue;ju tho;iff;fhf
jahh;gLj;jpAs;sitfis ghh;g;ghh;fs;. Fh;Md; ,ij gpd;tUkhW $WfpwJ

me;ehspy;> kf;fs; jq;fs; tpidfs; fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;L> gy gphptpdHfshfg; gphpe;J

tUthHfs;. vdNt> vtH XH mZtsT ed;ik nra;jpUe;jhYk; mj(w;Fhpa gy)id
mtH fz;L nfhs;thH md;wpAk;> vtd; XH mDtsT jPik nra;jpUe;jhYk;> m(jw;Fhpa
gy)idAk; mtd; fz;L nfhs;thd;. (]_wh m];-]y;]yh: 6-8)

Fh;Md; $wtij Nghd;W mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; mth;fsJ Gj;jfj;ij tyJ ifapdhYk;

ek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; ,lJ ifapdhYk; ngw;W nfhs;thh;fs;.. ,lJ ifapdhy; Gj;jfj;ij
ngw;wth;fis gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

(khdplHfNs!) me;ehspy; ePq;fs; (,iwtd; Kd;) nfhz;LNghfg;gLtPHfs;> kiwthd

cq;fSila ve;j tp\aKk; mtDf;F kiwe;J tplhJ. MfNt> vtUila gl;Nlhiy
mtUila tyf;ifapy; nfhLf;fg;gLNkh> mtH (kfpo;Tld;)> ',Njh! vd; gl;Nlhiyiag;
gbAq;fs;" vdf; $WthH. 'epr;rakhf> ehk; cd;Dila Nfs;tp fzf;if> jpl;lkhf re;jpg;Ngd;
vd;W vz;zpNa ,Ue;Njd;." MfNt> mtH jpUg;jpahd Rf tho;f;ifapy; - caHe;j RtHf;fj;jpy;
,Ug;ghH. mjd; fdp(tif)fs; (iff;F vl;bajhf) rkPgj;jpypUf;Fk;. 'nrd;W Nghd ehl;fspy;
ePq;fs; Kw;gLj;jp(aDg;gp)a (ey;y mky;fspd;) fhuzj;jhy;> ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ kfpo;NthL
GrpAq;fs;¢ ,d;Dk; gUFq;fs;" (vd mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-`hf;fh : 18-24)

ek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; re;Njh\j;jpw;F khw;wkhf Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpjjth;fs; fLikahd

Jf;fkilthh;fs;. mth;fs; kuzpf;f my;yJ kiwe;J Nghf tpUk;Gthh;fs;. mth;fspd; kdepiy
,t;thW ,Uf;Fk;.

Mdhy; vtDila gl;Nlhiy mtDila ,lf;ifapy; nfhLf;fg;gLNkh mtd; $Wthd;:

'vd;Dila gl;Nlhiy vdf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;LNk! 'md;wpAk;> vd; Nfs;tp
fzf;F vd;d vd;gij ehd; mwpatpy;iyNa- '(ehd; ,we;j NghNj) ,J Kw;wpYk; Kbe;jpUf;ff;
$lhjh? vd; nry;tk; vdf;Fg; gad;gltpy;iyNa! 'vd; nry;thf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; vd;id tpl;L
mope;J tpl;lNj!" (vd;W muw;Wthd;). (]_wh my;-`hf;fh : 25-29)
Mdhy;> vtDila gl;Nlhiy mtDila KJFf;Fg; gpd;dhy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh- 84:11 mtd;
(jdf;Ff;) 'NfL" jhd; vdf; $tpatdhf- mtd; eufj;jpy; GFthd;. epr;rakhf mtd;
(,k;ikapy;) jd;idr; rhHe;NjhUld; kfpo;NthL ,Ue;jhd;. epr;rakhf> jhd; (,iwtd; ghy;)
'kPsNt khl;Nld;" vd;W vz;zpapUe;jhd;. mg;gbay;y¢ epr;rakhf mtDila ,iwtd; mtidf;
ftdpj;J Nehf;FfpwtdhfNt ,Ue;jhd;. (]_wh my;-,d;\pfhf; : 10-15)

Gj;jfj;jpy; ePjkhf gjpag;gl;bUf;Fk;> ,d;W> ,iwtdJ ePjp Kd;dhy; ahUk; mePjp ,iof;fg;gl
khl;lhh;fs;.

,d;Dk;> fpahk ehspy; kpfj; Jy;ypakhd juhRfisNa ehk; itg;Nghk;. vdNt ve;j XH
Mj;khTk; xU rpwpJk; mepahak; nra;ag;glkhl;lhJ¢ NkYk; (ed;ik> jPikapy;) xU fLF msT
vilapUg;gpDk;> mjidAk; ehk; (fzf;fpy;) nfhz;L tUNthk;. mt;thNw fzf;nfLf;f ehNk
NghJk;. -( ]_wh md;gpah : 47 )

,e;j tho;ifapy; nra;j vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,e;j juhrpy; epWf;fg;gLk;. xUtd; epue;ju Ntjidf;F
nry;tijAk; my;yJ epue;ju re;Njh\j;ijAk; ,ul;rpg;igAk; ngWtijAk; ,e;j juhrpYs;s Ks;
jPh;khdpf;Fk;. juhR ey;y nray;fshy; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;lhy; myd; Rth;fj;jpw;F nry;thd;.
,y;iynad;why; mtd; eufj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gLthd;. ve;j rf;jpahYk; my;yJ vtuhYk; mtid
fhg;ghw;w KbahJ.
 vdNt> (me;ehspy;) vtUila (ed;ikapd;) epiw fdj;jNjh- mtH jpUg;jp nghUe;jpa tho;tpy;
,Ug;ghH. Mdhy; vtDila (ed;ikapd;) epiw ,Nyrhf ,Uf;fpwNjh- mtd; jq;Fkplk;
'`htpah" jhd;. ,d;Dk; ('`htpah") vd;d vd;W ckf;F mwptpj;jJ vJ? mJ Rl;nlhpf;Fk;
(eufj;jpd;) jPf;fplq;fhFk;. (]_wh my;-fhhpM : 6-11)

mjd; gpwF Kjy; kdpjhpypUe;J midtUk; xUth; gpd; xUtuhf mth;fspd; fzf;Ffis
fhl;Lthh;fs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; cyfpYs;s; gl;lq;fSk; gjypfSf;Fk; vt;tpj gaDkpUf;fhJ. xU
ehl;bd; IdhjpgjpAk; rhjhuz kdpjDk; xNu epiyapy; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; ,UtUk; ,iwtDf;F
Kd;dhy; xNu khjhpahf elj;jg;gLthh;fs;. ,q;F mth;fs; ,iwtDf;F fl;Lg;gl;L mtdJ
fl;lisfSf;F mbgzpe;jhh;fsh vd;Nw Nfl;fg;gLk;. myek;gpf;ifahsddpd; midj;j ghtq;fSk;
nfl;l nray;fSk; vz;zq;fSk; ntspaplg;gLk;.

ufrpaq;fs; ahTk; ntspg;gl;LtpLk; me;ehspy;. kdpjDf;F ve;j gyKk; ,uhJ¢ (mtDf;F)

cjtp nra;gtDk; ,y;iy. (]_wh mj;-jhhpf; : 9-10)

,iwtdpd; fl;lisg;gb elf;fhky; mth;fsJ tpUg;gb my;yJ mth;fsJ r%fj;jhy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfs; ek;gpf;iffs; rpj;jhe;jq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; tho;ejth;fSf;F ,e;j
eilKiw vhpr;riy Vw;gLj;Jk;.

capUld; Gijf;fg;gl;l ngz; (Foe;ij) tpdtg;gLk; NghJ- 've;jf; Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mJ

nfhy;yg;gl;lJ?" vd;W- gl;Nlhiyfs; tphpf;fg;gLk; NghJ- thdk; mfw;wg;gLk; NghJ- eufk;
nfhOe;Jtpl;L vhpAkhW nra;ag;gLk; NghJ- RtHf;fk; rkPgkhf nfhz;L tug;gLk;NghJ- xt;NthH
Mj;khTk;> jhd; nfhz;L te;jij mwpe;J nfhs;Sk;. (]_wh mj;-jfhtPh; : 8-14)

,iwtdJ Kd;dpiyapy; jhd; nra;jitfis kWf;f mbikfSf;F re;jhg;;gk; ,Uf;fhJ.. mtdJ

ey;y kw;Wk; nfl;l nray;fs; midj;Jk; ntspaplg;gLk;. mtd; mij kWj;j NghjpYk; mt;tplj;jpy;
cz;ikia nrhy;y rhl;rpfs; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mtdJ tho;ehspy; mtid ghh;j;jth;fs; rhl;rp nrhy;y
nfhz;L tug;gLthh;fs;.

NkYk;> G+kp jd; ,iwtDila xspiaf; nfhz;L gpufhrpf;Fk;¢ (mtHfSila) Fwpg;NgL

(mtHfs; Kd;) itf;fg;gLk;¢ ,d;Dk;> egpkhHfSk;> rhl;rpfSk; nfhz;Ltug;gLthHfs;¢
mtHfspilNa epahakhfj; jPHg;gspf;fg;gLk;. md;wpAk; mtHfs; (rpwpJk;) mepahak; nra;ag;gl
khl;lhHfs;. -(]_wh m];-]{kh; : 69)

fzf;F nfhLf;Fk; re;jh;gj;jpy; vjph; ghuhj rhl;rpfs; mtek;gpf;ifahsh;fSf;F vjpuhf rhl;rp

nrhy;y fhj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. ghh;it kw;Wk; nrtpg; Gyd;fSk; kdpjdJ NjhYk; ,iwtdJ tpUg;gg;gb
NgRk; rf;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;L mitfSk; mtDf;F vjpuhf rhl;rp nrhy;Yk;. xUtdJ tho;ehspy; jdJ
vd;W fUjg;gl;l cWg;GfSk; mtDf;F vjpuhf rhl;rp nrhy;Yk; NghJ mtdJ Jf;fk; ,d;Dk;
mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,ij ,iwtd; ,t;thW tpthpf;fpwhd;.

NkYk;> my;yh`;tpd; giftHfs; (eufj;)jPapd; ghy; xd;W jpul;lg;gLk; ehspy;> mtHfs;

(jdpj; jdpahfg;) gphpf;fg;gLthHfs;. ,Wjpapy;> mtHfs; (mj;jPia) milAk; NghJ>
mtHfSf;F vjpuhf mtHfSila fhJfSk;> mtHfSila fz;fSk;> mtHfSila
Njhy;fSk; mit nra;J nfhz;bUe;jit gw;wp rhl;rp $Wk;. mtHfs; jk; Njhy;fis
Nehf;fp> 'vq;fSf;F vjpuhf ePq;fs; Vd; rhl;rp $wpdPHfs;?" vd;W Nfl;ghHfs;¢ mjw;F
mit: 'vy;yhg; nghUl;fisAk; NgRk; gbr; nra;Ak; my;yh`;Nt> vq;fisg; NgRk;gbr;
nra;jhd;¢ mtd;jhd; cq;fis Kjy; jlitAk; gilj;jhd;¢ gpd;dUk; ePq;fs; mtdplNk
nfhz;L tug;gl;bUf;fpwPHfs;" vd;W $Wk 'cq;fs; fhJfSk;> cq;fs; fz;fSk;> cq;fs;
Njhy;fSk;> cq;fSf;F vjpuhfr; rhl;rp nrhy;yhkypUf;Fk; nghUl;L> c(q;fs; ght)q;fis
ePq;fs; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy¢ md;wpAk;> ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jtw;wpy;
kpFjkhdij epr;rakhf my;yh`; mwpakhl;lhd; vd;W ePq;fs; vz;zpf;nfhz;BHfs;.
MfNt> cq;fs; ,iwtidg; gw;wp ePq;fs; vz;zpa cq;fSila (jtwhd) ,e;j
vz;zk;jhd; cq;fis mopj;J tpl;lJ¢ MfNt ePq;fs; e\;lkile;jtHfspy; Mfptpl;BHfs;
 (vd;Wk; mit $Wk;). MfNt> mtHfs; (Ntjidiar; rfpj;Jg;) nghWikahf ,Ue;j
NghjpYk;> mtHfSf;F (euf) neUg;Gj;jhd; jq;Fkplk; MFk; - md;wp ($f;Fuypl;L)
mtHfs; kd;dpg;Gf;Nfl;l NghjpYk;> mtHfs; kd;dpf;fg;gl khl;lhHfs (]_wh G];]pyj; :
19-24)

Vf ,iwtid epuhfhpjjth;fis gilj;J mth;fSf;F tho midj;ijAk; ,yFthf;fp je;j

,iwtDf;F vjpuhf mth;fs; ngUk; jtiw nra;J tpl;lhh;fs;. mjdhy; jhd; kWikapy; mth;fs;
jq;fSf;fhf thjhl mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhh;fs;. cyfpy; kpf Nkhrkhd nfhbatDf;F $l chpik
toq;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; kWikapy; mth;fSf;F thjhl mDkjp toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ.
Nftyg;gLj;jg;gl;L nra;tjpwpahJ epw;Fk; mth;fSf;F jPh;g;G ,t;thW toq;fg;gLk;.

ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. ,J> mtHfs; (vJTk;) Ngr Kbahj ehs;.

md;wpAk; (jg;Gtpg;gjw;fhfg;) Gfo; $wTk; mtHfs; mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhHfs;.
ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. ,J jPHg;Gf;Fhpa ehshFk;. cq;fisAk;>
(cq;fSf;F) Kd; ,Ue;NjhiuAk; ehk; xd;W NrHf;Fk; (ehs;). vdNt>
(jz;lidapypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s) cq;fsplk; #o;r;rpapUf;Fkhdhy;> #o;r;rp nra;J
ghUq;fs;. ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. (]_wh my;-Kh;]yhj; : 34-40)

me;ehspy; epuhfhpg;ghsd; mtdJ nray;fSf;fhf jd;id jhNd ntWg;ghd;. ,iwtdJ Nfhgk; mij
tpl fLikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,iwtdJ rhgj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhz;l epuhfhpg;ghsd; vy;yaw;w Jf;fj;jpw;Fk;
epuhirf;Fk; js;sg;gLthd;. mtd; ntl;fg;gl;L kPz;Lk; vOg;glhky; ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
epidf;fpwhd;. kuzk; mtdJ tho;tpw;F epue;ju Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;Fk; vd;W epidf;fpwhd;. gpwF
kuzk; Kbty;y khwhf Muk;gk; vd;W czhe;J nfhs;thd;. mjd; gpwF ,d;ndhU kuzk; fpilahJ
. mth;fsJ kdepiy ,t;thW ,Uf;Fk;.

jhq;fSk; K];ypk;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;LNk> vd;W fh/gpHfs; (kWikapy; nghpJk;)

Mirg;gLthHfs;. (])_wh my;-`pI;h; : 2 )

,jw;F khw;wkhf ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fs; fzf;F nfhLf;Fk; Kiw kpf ,yFthf ,Uf;Fk;. mtdJ
fzf;F nfhLj;j gpd;G mtd; epue;ju re;Njh\j;jpy; ,Ug;ghd;. ,iwtdhy; tpjpf;g;gl;l rl;lq;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; mtd; tho;e;jjhy; mtdJ ghtq;fs; mstw;w md;GilNahdhy; kd;dpf;fg;gLk;. mtd;
eufj;jpw;F mg;ghy; ,iwtdJ mstw;w mUs;fshy; epug;gg;gl;l Rth;fj;ij ngw;W nfhs;thd;.

kdpjNd! epr;rakhf eP cd; ,iwtdplk; NrUk; tiu Kide;J ciog;gtdhf

ciof;fpd;wha; - gpd;dH mtidr; re;jpg;gtdhf ,Uf;fpd;wha; MfNt vtDila
gl;Nlhiy mtDila tyf;ifapy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh> mtd; Rygkhd tprhuizahf
tprhhpf;fg;gLthd ,d;Dk;> jd;idr; rhHe;NjhhplKk; kfpo;Tld; jpUk;Gthd;. (]_wh
my;-,d;\pfhf; : 6-9)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; jtpg;G
md;iwa jpdk; midj;J rl;lq;fSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gl;L ,Uf;f tpUk;Gthd; Mdhy; mtdhy;
KbahJ. fhuzk; vjw;Fk; fl;Lg;gl mtDf;F typik ,Uf;fhJ. mtd; rh];lhq;fk; nra;a
miof;fg;gl;lhYk; mtd; mt;thW nra;a tpUk;Gthd;. Mdhy; mtdhy; ,ij nra;a KbahJ.
gaq;fu fdT fz;ltd;, myw epidg;ghd; mtdhy; KbahJ. mtdJ fhy;fisAk;
iffisAk; mirf;f KbahJ. gak; gPjpAk; mtid Klf;fptpLk;.

nfz;ilf; fhiy tpl;L (jpiu) mfw;wg;gLk; ehspy; ]{[_J nra;AkhW (kf;fs;)

miof;fg;gLk; ehspy;> (,t;Tyfpy; khW nra;j) mtHfs; mjw;Fk; ,ayhjpUg;ghHfs;.
mtHfSila ghHitfs; fPo; Nehf;fpaitahf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ,opT mtHfis %bf;
 nfhs;Sk;¢ mtHfNsh (cyfpy;) jplkhf ,Ue;j NghJ> ]{[_J nra;AkhW miof;fg;gl;Lf;
nfhz;LjhdpUe;jdH. (Mdhy; mg;NghJ myl;rpakhf ,Ue;jdH.) (]_wh my;-fyk; : 42-43)

rh];lhq;fk; nra;a epuhfhpg;ghsd; miof;fg;gl fhuzk; : mtd; cyfpy; ,Ue;j Neuk; miof;fg;gl;l
NghJ mjw;F nrtprha;f;ftpy;iy, ,e;j fPo;gbahikia mtDf;F Rl;bf;fhl;b, epue;ju Jf;fKk;
ek;gpf;ifapd;ikiaAk; nfhz;L <Lnra;a Nghtij czh;tjd; %yk; mtdJ ifNrjk; NkYk;
mjpfhpf;fpwJ.. ,e;j epuhfhpg;ghsdhy; rh];lhq;fk; nra;a KbahJ vd;gJ ,iwtDf;F ed;F
njhpAk;. ,iwtd; mDkjpj;jhy; kl;LNk rpuk; gzpe;J tzq;fp ,iwtdJ mbikahf ,Uf;f KbAk;.
mijNghd;W ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSk; ,iwtdJ mUspdhy; jhd; ek;gpf;if nfhz;L
nfsutpf;fg;gLthh;fs;.

md;iwa jpdk ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSk;; vt;thW ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;W Fh;Md;

mwptpf;fpwJ.. re;Njh\j;jpd; fhuzkhf ek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; Kfk; kfpo;r;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk;.
mth;fSila fz;fs; kpd;Dk;. kWGwj;jpy; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mth;fspd; tpNtfkw;w nray;fspd;
fhuzkhf mth;fspd; Ntjidf;fhf fhj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. ek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; gpufhrkhd Kfj;ij
Nghyy;yhJ epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; Kfk; thl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

vdpDk; (kdpjHfNs!) epr;rakhf ePq;fs; mtrug;gLtijNa gphpag;gLfpwPHfs;. MfNtjhd;

(,k;ikiag; gw;wpf; nfhz;L) kWikia tpl;L tpLfpwPHfs me;ehspy; rpy Kfq;fs;
(kfpo;r;rpahy;) nrOikahf ,Uf;F jk;Kila ,iwtdstpy; Nehf;fpaitahf ,Uf;Fk;.
Mdhy;> me;ehspy; NtW rpy Kfq;fNsh (Jf;fj;jhy;) Rz;bapUf;Fk ,Lg;ig xbf;Fk;
xU Nguhgj;J jk;kPJ Vw;glg; Nghtjhf mit cWjp nfhz;bUf;Fk (]_wh my;-fpahkh
: 20-25)

eufj;ij ghh;j;jy;;

eufj;ij epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kl;Lk; ghhh;ghh;fs; vd;gJ nghJthd ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,jpy; ghjp cz;ik
,Uf;fpwJ. ,iwtd; ]_wh kh;akpy; $Wfpwhd;, midtUk;, ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSk;
eufj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; kz;bapl;bUg;ghh;fs;.

(vdpDk;) kdpjd; Nfl;fpwhd;: 'ehd; ,we;J Nghdhy;> capUs;stdhf NkYk;

vOg;gg;LNtdh? vd;W. ahnjhU nghUSkhf ,y;yhjpUe;j mtid epr;rakhf ehk;
Kd;dH gilj;Njhk; vd;gij kdpjd; epidj;Jg; ghHf;f Ntz;lhkh? MfNt> (egpNa!)
ck; ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ehk; mtHfisAk;> (mtHfSila) i\j;jhd;fisAk;
epr;rakhf (capHg;gpj;J) xd;W NrHg;Nghk;¢ gpd;dH mtHfis(nay;yhk;) eufj;jpidr;
#o Koe;jhspl;ltHfshf M[uhf;FNthk;. gpd;dH> ehk; xt;nthU $l;lj;jpypUe;Jk;
mHu`;khDf;F khW nra;tjpy; fbdkhf - jPtpukhf - ,Ue;jtHfs; ahtiwAk;
epr;rakhf NtW gphpg;Nghk;. gpd;dH> m(e; eufj;)jpy; GFtjw;F mtHfspy; (jq;fs;
ghtj;jhy;) Kjy; jFjpTilatHfs; ahH vd;gij epr;rakhf ehk; mwpNthk;. NkYk;>
mjidf; flf;fhky; cq;fspy; ahUk; (Nghf) KbahJ¢ ,J ck;Kila ,iwtdpd;
Kbthd jPHkhdkhFk;. mjd; gpd;dH> jf;thTld; - gagf;jpAld; ,Ue;jhHfNs
mtHfis ehk; <Nlw;WNthk;¢ Mdhy;> mepahak; nra;jtHfis m(e; eufj;)jpy;
Koe;jhspl;ltHfshf tpl;L tpLNthk;. (]_wh kh;ak; : 66-72)

NkYs;s trdj;ij ghh;f;Fk; NghJ kWikapy; eufj;ij Rw;wp kf;fs; xd;W Nrh;f;fg;gLthh;fs;.
ek;gpf;ifahsh;fs; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; Mfpa ,UtUk; gaq;fu rg;jj;ijAk; neUg;gpd; ,iur;riyAk;
kw;Wk; gL gaq;fu fhl;rpfisAk; fhz;ghh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; rpy fhyq;fSf;F gpd; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fs;
fhg;ghw;wgl;L epuhfhpj;jth;fs; mt;thW ,Ug;ghh;fs;. gpd;G mth;fs; euf neUg;gpy; tPrg;gLthh;fs;.

,iwtdJ rhgj;ij ed;F czh;e;J mtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;j jtwpajd; fhuzkhf eufj;ij
Rw;wpAs;s $l;lj;Jld; mth;fs; ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fshFk;. eufj;jpd; gaq;fuj;ij ghh;f;Fk;
xUtd; mtdJ ek;gpf;if mtid vt;tsT Jhuk; Nkd;ikahf;fpAs;sJ vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thd;.
Vnddpy; eufk; vd;gJ gaq;fukhd ,lkhFk; mjd; NtjidapypUe;J jg;GtJ kdpj Fyj;jpw;F
ngUk; ghf;fpakhFk;.

eufj;ij ghh;f;Fk; ek;gpf;ifahsd; mjid mtd; epue;jukhf jq;Fk; mUs;fs; epiwe;j

Rth;f;fj;NjhL xg;gpl;Lghh;g;ghd;. ,e;j cyfpy; thOk; NghJ NehapypUe;J ghJfhg;G ngWtNj
kpfg;ngUk; tukhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzkhf fLq;Fspuhd kiy gFjpapy; ciwe;J Nghthd; vd;W
,Ue;jhy; neUg;ig nfhz;l xU gioa Fbiria fz;lTld; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhd;. ,e;j gioa
FbirahdJ mtid nghUj;jtiuapy; 5 el;rj;jpu N`hl;lypy; jq;Ftjw;F rkkhFk;. gy ehl;fs;
gl;bdpahy; thba xUtd; fha;e;j nuhl;bia kpfg;ngUk; tpUe;Jgrhukhf fUJthd;. Ntjid
KbthdJ kfpo;r;rp mikjp kw;Wk; ed;wp nrYj;j NghJkhd fhuzq;fshFk;.

eufj;ij kpf mUfpy; ghh;f;Fk; xUtd; mjpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wgLtjd; %yk; ,j;jifa ghf;fpaj;ij
milfpwhd;. NkYk; Rfh;f;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tJ mtd; ntw;wp mile;jjd; mwpFwpahFk;.
eufj;jpd; ngUk; Ntjidfis ghh;j;j xUtd; mUs;fshy; epiwe;j Rth;f;fj;jpd; ngWkjpia mwpe;J
nfhs;thd;. mtdJ epue;ju tho;ifapy; eufk; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij kwf;fkhl;lhd;. mNj Neuk;
Rth;f;j;jpd; Rfq;fis mDgtpj;J nfhz;bUg;ghd;.

epaha jPh;g;G ehspy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fisAk; epuhfhpg;gth;fisAk; mth;fsJ Kfq;fis nfhz;L

mwpe;jth;fsplkpUe;J ,t;thwhd nrhw;fs; tUtij gw;wp Fh;Md; mwptpf;fpwJ..

(eufthrpfs;> RtHf;f thrpfs; Mfpa) ,tHfSf;fpilNa xU jpiu(ahd kjpy;)

,Uf;Fk;¢ mjd; rpfuq;fspy; mNef kdpjHfs; ,Ug;ghHfs;¢ (euf thrpfs;> RtHf;f
thrpfs;) xt;nthUtiuAk; mtHfSila milahsq;fisf; nfhz;L mwpe;J
nfhs;thHfs;¢ mtHfs; RtHf;f thrpfis mioj;J ']yhKd; miyf;Fk; (cq;fs; kPJ
rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhFf!)" vd;W $WthHfs;¢ mtHfs; ,d;Dk; RtHf;fj;jpy;
Eioatpy;iy - mtHfs; (mjpy; Eioa) MtYld; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfSila
ghHitfs; eufthrpfspd; gf;fk; jpUg;gg;gl;lhy;> mtHfs; 'vq;fs; ,iwtNd! vq;fis
(,e;j) mf;fpukf;fhuHfSlNd Mf;fp tplhNj" vd;W $WthHfs;. rpfuq;fspypUg;gtHfs;>
rpy kdpjHfis - mtHfs; milahsq;fshy; mwpe;J nfhz;L - mtHfisf; $g;gpl;Lf;
$WthHfs;: 'ePq;fs; cyfj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itj;jpUe;jitAk;> ePq;fs; ngUikabj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jitAk;> cq;fSf;Fg; gydspf;ftpy;iyNa!" 'my;yh`; ,tHfSf;F
mUs;Ghpa khl;lhd; vd;W ePq;fs; rj;jpak; nra;J $wpf;nfhz;bUe;jPHfNs mtHfs;
,tHfs; jhNd? (vd;W Rtdthrpfisr; Rl;bf; fhz;gpj;J>) ePq;fs; Rtdgjpapy;
EioAq;fs;¢ cq;fSf;F vt;tpj gaKkpy;iy¢ ePq;fs; Jf;fg;glTk; khl;BHfs;" vd;Wk;
$WthHfs-(]_wh my;-Mug; : 46-49)

,e;j Neuj;jpy; gilg;Gfspy; kpf NkyhdtHfshd (]_wh my;-ga;apdh : 7) ek;gpf;if

nfhz;lth;fSk;, gilg;Gfspy; kpff; nfl;ltHfshd (]_wh my;-ga;apdh: 6) epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSk;
ntt;Ntwhf gphpf;fg;gLthh;fs;. ,e;ehis gw;wp Fh;Md; $Wk;NghJ

NkYk;> J}jHfSf;F(j; jk; r%fj;jhUf;fhfr; rhl;rpak; $w) Neuk; Fwpf;fg;gLk;NghJ-ve;j

ehs;tiu (,itnay;yhk;) gpw;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd? jPHg;Gf;Fhpa ehSf;fhfj;jhd;. NkYk;>
jPHg;Gf;Fhpa ehs; vd;dntd;W ckf;F vJ mwptpj;jJ? (ek; trdq;fisg;) ngha;g;gpg;NghUf;F
me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. Kd;NdhH(fspy; Fw;wthsp)fis ehk; mopf;ftpy;iyah? gpwF
gpd;Ds;stH(fspy; Fw;wthsp)fisAk; (mope;jtHfisg;) gpd; njhlur; nra;Nthk;.
Fw;wthspfis ,t;thWjhd; ehk; nra;Nthk; (jz;bg;Nghk;). ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy;
NfLjhd;. (]_wh my;-Kh;]yhj; : 11-19)

kuzj;NjhL KbntLf;Fk; ehs; njhlq;fp kPz;Lk; caph; nfhLg;gjNdhLk; fzf;F nfhLg;gNjhLk;

njhlh;e;J epue;jukhd jq;Fkplq;fSf;F mDg;GtNjhL KbtilfpwJ. ]_wh fh/g;> ek;gpf;if
nfhz;lth;fSk; epuhfhpghsh;fSk; mth;fsJ cz;ikahd jq;Fkplq;fis ngWtij ,t;thW
tpthpf;fpwJ.
 kuz Ntjid rj;jpaj;ijf; nfhz;L (nka;ahfNt) tUfpd;wJ¢ (mg;NghJ mtdplk;) eP
vij tpl;Lk; tpuz;Nlhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhNah mJ jhd; (,e;epiy vd;W $wg;gLk;) NkYk;
]_H (vf;fhsk;) Cjg;gLk;. mJjhd; mr;RWj;jp vr;rhpf;fg;gl;l ehshFk;. md;wpAk;>
(me;ehspy;) xt;NthH Md;khTk; jd;id mioj;J tUgtH> rhl;rpahsH MfpNahUld; tUk;.
'eP ,ijg; gw;wp myl;rpaj;jpy; ,Ue;jha;¢ (,g;nghOJ) cd; (ghHitia) tpl;L cdJ
jpiuia ehk; mfw;wp tpl;Nlhk;. vdNt> ,d;W cd; ghHit $Hikahf ,Uf;fpwJ." (vd;W
$wg;gLk;). mg;NghJ mtDld; ,Ug;gtH (kyf;F) ',Njh (,k;kdpjdpd; VL) vd;dplk;
rpj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ" vd;W $WthH. 'kdKuz;lhf epuhfhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;NjhH
vy;NyhiuAk; ePq;fs; ,UtUk; eufpy; NghLq;fs;. '(mtd;) ed;ikia jLj;Jf;
nfhz;NlapUe;jtd;¢ (,e;ehisg; gw;wp) re;Njfpg;gtdhf> tuk;G kPwpf; nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jhd;.
'mtd; my;yh`;Tld; NtnwhU ehaid Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. MfNt ePq;fspUtUk; ,tid kpff;
fLikahd Ntjidapy; Nghl;L tpLq;fs;" (vd;Wq; $wg;gLk;). (mg;NghJ i\j;jhdhfpa)
mtDila $l;lhsp $Wthd;: 'vq;fs; ,iwth! ehd; ,tid top nfLf;ftpy;iy¢
Mdhy;> mtNd J}ukhd top Nfl;by; jhd; ,Ue;jhd;-" 'vd; Kd;dpiyapy; ePq;fs;
thf;Fthjk; nra;ahjPHfs;¢ (,ijg;gw;wp vd; mr;RWj;jiy Kd;dNu tpLj;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;W
(my;yh`;) $Wthd;. (vdNt vd;Dila) mr;nrhy; 'vd;dplj;jpy; khw;wg;gLtjpy;iy -
ehd; mbahHfSf;F mepahak; nra;gtdy;yd;" (vd;Wk; my;yh`; $Wthd;). eufj;ij
Nehf;fp> 'eP epiwe;J tpl;lhah? vd;W ehk; Nfl;L> mjw;F mJ ',d;Dk; mjpfkhf VJk;
,Uf;fpd;wjh?" vd;W Nfl;Fk; me;ehis (egpNa! ePH epidTWj;JtPuhf)! (md;wpAk;
me;ehspy;) gagf;jpAilatHfSf;F RtHf;fk; njhiytpy;yhj epiyapy; kpfTk;
rkPgkhf;fg;gLk;. ',J jhd; cq;fSf;F thf;fspf;fg;gl;ljh(d RtHf;fkh)Fk;¢ vg;nghOJk;
,iwtidNa Nehf;fp> (ghtj;ij jtpHj;Jg;) Ngzp ele;j xt;nthUtUf;Fk; (,J
chpaJ)." vtHfs;> kiwtpYk; mHu`;khid mQ;rp ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfNsh
mtHfSf;Fk; (mtidNa) Kw;wpYk; Nehf;fpa ,jaj;Jld; tUNthUf;Fk; (,J
thf;fspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ). ']yhKld; - rhe;jpAld; - ,(r; RtHf;fj;)jpy; gpuNtrpAq;fs;¢
,Jjhd; epj;jpakhf ePq;fs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; ehshFk;" (vd;W $wg;gLk;). (]_wh fh/g; : 19-
34)

eufk;
 18-29 epr;rakhf mtd; (FHMDf;F vjpuhfr;) rpe;jpj;J (xU jpl;lj;ij) Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;.

74:19 mtd; mopthdhf! vg;gb mtd; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;?

74:20 gpd;dUk;> mtd; mopthdhf! vg;gb mtd; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;?

74:21 gpwFk; (FHMdpd; trdq;fis) mtd; Nehl;lkpl;lhd;.

74:22 gpd;dH> (mJgw;wpf; Fiw $w ,ayhjtdhf) fLfLj;jhd;¢ ,d;Dk; (KfQ;) Rspj;jhd;.

74:23 mjd; gpd;dH (rj;jpaj;ij Vw;fhky;) GwKJF fhl;bdhd;¢ ,d;Dk; ngUik nfhz;lhd;.

74:24 mg;ghy; mtd; $wpdhd;: ',J (gpwhplkpUe;J fw;Wg;) Ngrg;gLk; #dpaNk md;wp Ntwpy;iy.

74:25 ',J kdpjdpd; nrhy;yy;yhkYk; Ntwpy;iy" (vd;Wk; $wpdhd;.)

74:26 mtid ehd; ']fH" (vd;Dk;) eufpy; Gfr; nra;Ntd;.

74:27 ']fH" vd;dntd;gij ckf;F vJ tpsf;Fk;?

74:28 mJ (vtiuAk;) kpr;rk; itf;fhJ¢ tpl;L tplTk; nra;ahJ.

74:29 (mJ Rl;Lf; fhpj;J kdpjdpd;) NkdpiaNa cUkhw;wp tpLk;.

(my;-Kj;jjph;: 18-29 )

mwpKfk;

ngha;Ak; cz;ikAk;

epuhfhpj;fth;fs; epue;jukhf jq;fp mth;fsJ kdpj clYk; Md;khTk; Ntjidfis mDgtpg;gjw;fhf

jahh;gLj;jg;gl;l ,lk; eufkhFk;.

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kpfg;ngUk; jtiw nra;jjd; fhuzkhf ,iwtdhy; jz;bf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

kdpjDf;F Md;khit nfhLj;j gilg;ghsDf;F ed;wpkwe;J mtDf;F vjpuhf nray;gLtJ KO
gpugQ;rj;jpy; kpfg;nghpa jtwhFk;. mjdhy;, kWikapy; mj;jifa kpfg;ngUk; ghtj;jpw;F fLikahd
jz;lidapUf;fpwJ. mjw;fhf jhd; eufk; gilf;fg;gl;lJ. kdpjd; ,iwtdJ mbikahf
,Ug;gjw;fhf gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;. mtd; gilf;fg;gl;ljd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fj;ij Vw;f kWj;jhy; mtd;
jz;lidia ngwNtz;Lk;. ,iwtd; ,ij ,t;thW $Wfpwhd;.

.................vd;id tzq;Ftij tpl;Lk; ngUikabg;gth;fs; ,optile;jth;fshf eufk;

GFthh;fs;.(]_wh my;-%/kpd;: 60.)
,Wjpapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdth;fs; eufj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gLth;fs;> mjpYs;s jz;lid epue;jukhdJk;
Kbtpy;yhjJkhFk;. vdNt kdpjh;fspd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; eufj;ij jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kdpjDf;F kpfg;ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhf ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; eufkhFk;. mjpypUe;J jd;id
fhg;ghw;Wtij tpl NtW xd;Wk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;fhJ.

MdhYk; cyfj;jpy; thOk; kf;fs; mwpahjth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fspd;md;whl tho;tpd; Vw;gl

Rba kw;w njhy;iyfspy; jq;fis <LgLj;jp nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. gy khjq;fs; gy tUlq;fs;
mtrpakpy;yhjtw;Wf;fhf ciof;Fk; mth;fs;; kpfgaq;fukhd epue;ju Jd;gj;ij gw;wp rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy.
eufk; mtDf;F rkPgkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fs; FUlh;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

kdpjh;fSf;F mth;fSila Nfstp fzf;F ehs; neUq;fptpl;lJ. mth;fNsh kwjpapy;

Gwf;fzpj;jth;fshf cs;sdh;. jq;fSila ,iwtdplkpUe;J VNjDk; Xh; mwpTiw
mth;fSf;F tUtjpy;iy> mthf;s; tpisahbath;fshf mjid nrtpNaw;Nw jtpu. mth;fsJ
,jaq;fs; kwjpahd epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (]_wh my;-md;gpah: 1-3)

,j;jifa kf;fs; tPzhd Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLfpwhh;fs;. gadw;w Fwpf;Nfhs;fis mila mth;fSila

tho;ehs; KOtijAk; nrytpLfpwhh;fs;. mYtyfq;fspy; gjtp cah;T ngWjy; jpUkdk; nra;jy;
kfpo;r;rpahd FLk;g tho;ifia ngwy; mjpfkhf gzk; rk;ghjpj;jy; my;yJ gadw;w
nfhs;iffSf;fhf tf;fhyjJj thq;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpfkhd Neuq;fs; nrytplg;gLfpd;wd.
,j;jifatw;wpy; <Lgl;Ls;s ,th;fs; mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; ngUk; mghaj;ij mwpahky;
,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. xU tplaj;ij gw;wp mth;fsplk; $Wk;NghJ me;j eufj;ij gw;wpa rpe;jidia ngw;W
nfhs;fpd;wd. mwpahj r%fj;jpy; thOk; mj;jifa kf;fs; eufj;jpd; mh;jj;ij mwpahky; eufk; vd;w
nrhy;iy mbf;fb gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. MfNt ,e;j nrhy; ghpfhrkhf khwptpl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ
nfhz;Ls;s mh;jj;ij gw;wp ahUk; rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy.. ,th;fis nghUj;jtiuapy; eufk; vd;gJ
ngha;ahd fl;Lf;fij.

cz;ikapy; eufk; ,e;j cyif Nghyy;yhJ cz;ikahFk;. ,e;j cyfk; rpy fhyq;fSf;F gpwF
mope;J NghFk;. Mdhy; eufk; epue;jukdhdJ. ,iwtd; gpugQ;rk; cyfk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if
midj;ijAk; kjpEl;gkhf gilj;jij Nghd;W kWik Rth;f;fk; eufk; Mfpatw;iwAk; gilj;Js;shd;.
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;Fk; eatQ;rfh;fSf;Fk; fLikahd Ntjidia thf;fspj;Js;shd;.

eufk; fw;gid nra;J ghh;f;f Kbahj Nkhrkhd ,lkhFk; ,e;j Ntjidia cyfpYs;s ve;j
NtjidAlDk; xg;gpl KbahJ. xUtd; ,e;j cyfpy; re;jpf;Fk; Ntjidia tpl gy Mapuk; klq;F
mjpfkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J epr;rakhf rh;t ty;yikAila ,iwtdpd; nrayhFk;.

midtUf;Fk; Ntjid epue;jukhdJ vd;gJ eufj;ij gw;wpa ,uz;lhtJ cz;ikahFk;. ,e;j

mwptw;w r%fj;jpy; thOk; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fsplk; eufj;ij gw;wpa jtwhd rpe;jid xd;W
,Uf;fpwJ. mjhtJ mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F eufj;jpy; Jd;gk; mDgtpj;j gpd;dh; mth;fSf;F
kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,J ntWk; ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,e;j rpe;jidahdJ
ek;gpf;if nfhz;ljhf $wpnfhz;L ,iwtDf;F nra;a Ntz;ba flikfis nra;ahky;
,Ug;gth;fsplKk; gutpAs;sJ.. mth;fs; cyf tplaq;fspy; vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLkpd;wp KOikahf
jq;fis <LgLj;jp nfhs;syhk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; rpwpJ fhyk;
eufj;jpy; Ntjidia mDgtpj;J tpl;L Rth;fj;jpw;F mDg;g;gLthh;fs; vd;W epidfpwhh;fs;.
,Ug;gpDk; mth;fs; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; KbthdJ mth;fs; epidj;jij tpl Jd;gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. eufk;
epue;jukhd Ntjid juf;$ba ,lkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;Fhpa jz;liz Kbtpy;yhjJ
vd;W Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; $WfpwJ. “mth;fs; mjpy; gy Afq;fshfj; jq;Fgth;fshfapUg;ghh;fs;
“ (]_wh md;-egh: 23) vd;w trdk; ,ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

ehd; rpwpJ fhyk; Jd;gk; mDgtpj;j gpd;dh; vdf;F kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;w rpe;jid jq;fis
jhq;fNs rkhjhdg;gLj;jp nfhs;s tpUk;gpa rpyuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. cz;ikapy> ,Nj
khjphpahd rpe;jid A+jh;fshYk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lij ,iwtd; Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;fpwhd;.

NkYk; vz;zg;gl;l rpy ehl;fNsad;wp euf neUg;G vq;fis jPz;lhJ vd;W (me;j A+jh;fs;)
$Wfpd;wdh;.(,j;jid ehl;fSf;F Nky; cq;fis Ntjid nra;af;$lhnjd;W) my;yh`;tplk;
cld;gbf;if nra;Js;sPh;fsh? (mt;thW ePq;fs; nra;jpUg;gpd;) mg;nghOJ my;yh`; jdJ
cld;gbf;ifia khw;wk; nra;aNt khl;lhd;. my;yJ ePq;fs; mwpahjtw;iw my;yh`;tpsd; kPJ
(,l;Lf;fl;b) $WfpwPh;fsh? vd;W (egpNa) ePh; (mth;fsplk;) Nfl;gPuhf! Mk!; vth; jPikia
 rk;ghjpj;jhNuh mtUila Fw;wkhdJ mtiu #o;e;J nfhs;skhdhy; mth;fNs eufthjpfs;.
mth;fs; mjpy; epue;jukhf jq;fptpLthh;fs;. (]_wh my;-gfwh: 80-81)

cq;fSf;F nrtpg;GyidAk;, ghh;f;Fk; Mw;wiyAk;, mwpitAk; (]_wh md;-e`y;: 78) nfhLj;j

,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;j kwe;J ,iwtDf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;lth;fs; Kbtpy;yhj jz;lizia
ngWthh;fs;. xUtd; $Wk; fhuzq;fs; mtid eufj;jpypUe;J fhg;ghw;whJ.. ,iwtdpd; tFj;Js;s
khh;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf ntWg;igAk; fho;Gzh;r;rpiaAk; fhl;Lgth;fSf;F vjpuhf toq;fg;gLk; jPh;g;G
cWjpahdJk; khw;wkilahjJkhFk;.

njspthditfshf ek;Kila trdq;fs; mth;fs; kPJ Xjp fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lhy;,

epuhfhpg;gth;fspd; Kfq;fspy; ntWg;ig ePh; fhz;gPh;. ek;Kila trdq;fis mth;fSf;F Xjp
fhz;gpg;Nghh; kPJ ,th;fs; jhf;Ftjw;F neUq;Fth;. ePh; $WtPuhf! ,jid tpl nfl;lij
ehd; cq;fSf;F mwptpf;fl;Lkh? (mJ euf) neUg;ghFk;. epuhfhpg;NghUf;F my;yh`;
mjid thf;fspj;Js;shd;. NrUkplj;jpy; mJ kpff; nfl;lJ. (]_wh my;-`I;: 72)

,iwtDf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;lth;fSk; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis ntWj;jth;fSk; epahh jPh;g;G ehspy;

gpd;tUkhW nrtpNaw;ghh;fs;.

MfNt ePq;fs; eufj;jpd; thapy;fspy; Eioe;J mjpNyNa epue;jukhf ,Uq;fs; (vd;W

thdth;fs; $Wthh;fs;). ngUikabj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gth;fspd; jq;Fkplk; kpf jPajhFk;.
(]_wh md;-e`y;: 29)

eufk; epue;jukhdjhf ,Ug;gJ mjd; gaq;fu jd;ikfspy; xd;whFk;. xUKiw cs;Ns nrd;W
tpl;lhy; gpwF jpUk;gNt KbahJ. gytifahd Ntjidfspd; ,Ug;gplk; eufkhFk;. mj;jifa epue;ju
Ntjidia re;jpf;Fk; xUtd; nrayw;W Nghthd;. mtDf;F NtW rpe;jidfNs ,Uf;fhJ.
,e;epiyia Fh;Md; tpthpf;fpwJ.

vth;fs; ghtk; nra;fpwhh;fNsh mth;fSila jq;Fkplk; eufkhFk;. mth;fs; mjpypUe;J

ntspNawpl ehLk;Nghnjy;yhk;> mjpNyNa kPl;lg;gLthh;fs;. ePq;fs; ngha;ahf;fp
nfhz;nUe;jPh;fNs> me;j euf Ntjidia ePq;fs; RitAq;fs; vd;W mth;fSf;F $wg;gLk;.
(]_wh m];-]Ijh: 20)

mth;fs; neUg;gpypUe;J ntspahfpl tpUk;Gth;. Mdhy; mth;fs; mjpypUe;J ntspg;gLgth;fs;

my;yh;. NkYk; mth;fSf;F epiyahd NtjidAk; cz;L. (]_wh my; kh,jh: 37)

euf Ntjidfs;
eufj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLjy;

eufk;> ,e;j ,lj;jpy; jhd; ,iwtdpd; jd;ikfshd my;-[g;gh; (mlf;fp Ms;gtd;) my;-
f`;`hh;(Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jgtd;)> my; Kd;jfpk; (gopjPh;g;gtd;) Mfpaitfs; kdpjDf;F epue;jukhf
fhz;gpf;fg;gLk;. eufk; capUs;s xd;whfNt th;zpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j kpUfk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kPJ
fLk; ntWg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ. mJ gilf;fg;gl;l ehs; Kjy; epuhfhpgth;fis gopthq;f nghWikaw;W
fhj;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kPJ eufk; nfhz;Ls;s ntwp vd;WNk jzpahJ.
epuhfhpg;gth;fs; kPjhd ntWg;G mij ,d;Dk; ntwpNaw;WfpwJ. mJ kWj;jth;fis re;jpf;Fk; NghJ
mjd; ntwp ,d;Dk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j neUg;G gilf;fg;gl;ljd; xNuxU Nehf;fk; jhq;fp nfhs;s
Kbahj Ntjidia nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj. cz;ikapy; mjd; flikia nra;Ak;. mjhtJ
Ntjidfspy; kpf fLikahd Ntjidia nfhLf;Fk;.

,iwtDf;F Kd;dhy; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F jPh;g;G toq;fg;gl;lTld; mth;fsJ Gj;jfk; ,lf;fuj;jpy;

nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,J jhd; mth;fs; eufj;jpw;F mDg;ggLk; NeukhFk;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F jg;gpj;J
nry;y ve;j topAk; ,Uf;fhJ. gy Nfhb kf;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F jg;gpj;J
nry;y KbahJ. ,e;j rd neUf;fj;jpy; vtuhYk; jd;id xspj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ. eufj;jpw;F
nry;gth;fs; rhl;rpfNshL tUthh;fs;.
 Foy; Cjg;gLk;. mJ vr;rhpf;fg;gl;l ehshFk;. NkYk; xt;Nthh; Mj;khTk; (mjid) ,Oj;Jf;
nfhz;LtUgtUk;> rhl;rpahsUk; cld; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; tUk;. jpl;lkhf eP ,Jgw;wp kwjpapy;
,Ue;jha;. vdNt cd;id tpl;Lk; cdJ jpiuia ehk; ePf;fptpl;Nlhk;. MfNt ,d;W cdJ
ghh;it kpff;$h;ikahf ,Uf;fpwJ. mtDf;nfd;W rhl;lg;gl;l(thd)th; “,Njh vd;dplKs;s
(mtDila gl;Nlhiyahd)J jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vd;W $Wthh;. Kuz;ghL nra;Jte;j
epuhfhpg;Nghh; midtiuAk; ePq;fs; ,UtUk; eufpy; Nghl;L tpLq;fs; vd;W ($wg;gLk;).
ed;ikia mjpfkhf jLj;J nfhz;bUe;jtd; tuk;G kPhpatd;. re;Njfk; nfhz;bUe;jtd;.
my;yh`;Tld; NtnwhU nja;tj;ij Vw;gLj;jp nfhz;lhNd mj;jifatd;. vdNt mtid
ePq;fs; ,UtUk; fbdkhd Ntjidapy; Nghl;LtpLq;s; (vd;W $wg;gLk;) (]_wh fh/g;: 20-26)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; ,e;j gaq;fukhd ,lj;ij Nehf;fp nrYj;jg;gLthh;fs;. ,th;fs; FOf;fshf

nrYj;jg;gLthh;fs; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; eufj;jpw;F NghFk; topapy; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd;
gak; Vw;gLk;. Jhuj;jpy; neUg;gpd; gaq;fu rg;jKk; ,iur;rYk; Nfl;Fk;.

mjpy; mth;fs; vhpag;gl;lhy; mJ nfhjpf;Fk; epiyapy; mUtUg;ghd rg;jk; mjpy; ,Ug;gij

Nfl;ghh;fs;. Nfhgj;jpdhy; mJ ntbj;J tpl neUq;fp tpLk;.mjpy; xt;nthU $l;lj;jpdiuAk;
vwpag;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; cq;fsplk; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpf;if nra;gth; tutpy;iyah? vd;W mjd;
fhtyh;fs; Nfl;gh;fs;. (]_wh my;-Ky;f;: 7-8)

mth;fs; kPz;Lk; gilf;fg;gl;lTld; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mth;fSf;F vd;d elf;f NghfpwJ vd;gij

mwpe;J nfhs;tjhf trdq;fs; njspthf njhpfpwJ. mth;fSf;F cjtp nra;a ez;gh;fNsh
cwtpdh;fsNsh my;yJ njhz;lh;fNsh ,y;yhky; jd;de;jdpahf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs;
vjph;f;f rf;jpngwhjth;fshf tpop gpJq;fp epw;ghh;fs;. ,e;j epiyia Fh;Md; tpthpf;fpwJ.

NkYk;> rpWikg;gl;Lj; jiy ftpo;e;jtHfshfTk;> (kiwthff;) filf;fz;zhy; ghHj;j

tz;zkhfTk; mtHfs; (eufj;jpd; Kd;) nfhz;Ltug; gLtij ePH fhz;gPH¢ (mt;Ntis) <khd;
nfhz;ltHfs; $WthHfs;: 'vtH jq;fSf;Fk;> jk; FLk;gj;jhUf;Fk; e\;lj;ij Njbf;
nfhz;lhHfNsh> fpahk ehspy; epr;rakhf mtHfs; Kw;wpYk; e\;lthsHjhk;." mwpe;J nfhs;f!
epr;rakhf mepahaf;fhuHfs; epiyahd Ntjidapy; ,Ug;ghHfs;. (]_wh m\;-\{wh: 45)

eufj;jpw;F cs;Ns nry;tJk; eufj;jpd; fjTfSk;

epr;rakhf epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; eufj;jpd; fjTfis te;jilthh;fs;. Fh;Md; ,ij ,t;thW
tpsf;FfpwJ,

(me;ehspy;) epuhfhpj;jtHfs; $l;lk; $l;lkhf eufj;jpw;F ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L tug;gLthHfs;¢

mtHfs; mq;Nf te;jTld; mjd; thry;fs; jpwf;fg;gLk;¢ mjd; fhtyHfs; mtHfis Nehf;fp:
'cq;fspypUe;J (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jHfs;> cq;fs; ,iwtDila trdq;fis cq;fSf;F
Xjpf; fhz;gpf;fpwtHfshfTk;> ,e;j ehis ePq;fs; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gijg; gw;wp cq;fis
mr;r%l;b vr;rhpf;if nra;gtHfshfTk; cq;fsplk; tutpy;iyah?" vd;W Nfl;ghHfs;¢ (,jw;F
mtHfs;) 'Mk; (te;jhHfs;)" vd;W $WthHfs;¢ vdpDk; fh/gpHfSf;F Ntjid gw;wpa thf;F
cz;ikahfp tpl;lJ.. 'eufj;jpd; thapy;fSs; Eioe;J tpLq;fs;¢ vd;nwd;Wk; mjpy;
jq;fptpLq;fs;" vd;W (mtHfSf;Ff;) $wg;gLk;¢ ngUik mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;NjhUila
jq;Fkplk; kpfTk; nfl;lJ. (]_wh m];-]{kh;: 71-72)

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; eufj;jpy; tpNrlkhd fjTfs; gilf;fg;gLk;. ,iwtDf;F vjpuhd mth;sJ

nray;fis nghUj;J kf;fs; tifg;gLj;jg;gLthh;fs;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mth;fs; nra;j ghtq;fSf;F
Vw;g eufj;jpy; ,lq;fs; xJf;fg;gLk;. ,ij gw;wp Fh;Md; ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

(egpNa!) ePH Nfl;gPuhf: 'my;yh`; jd; mbahHfSf;fhf ntspg;gLj;jpAs;s (Mil) moifAk;>

czT tiffspy; J}a;ikahdtw;iwAk; jLj;jJ ahH?" ,d;Dk; $Wk;: 'mit ,t;Tyf
tho;f;ifapy; ek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;F (mDkjpf;fg;gl;litNa> vdpDk; kWikapy;) mtHfSf;F
kl;LNk nrhe;jkhditahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;" ,t;thW ehk; ek; trdq;fis mwpaf;$ba kf;fSf;F
tpthpf;fpd;Nwhk;. (]_wh my;-Mu/g;: 32)
,d;ndhU trdk; eufj;ij gw;wp ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

epr;rakhf (cd;idg; gpd;gw;Wk;) midtUf;Fk; eufk; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l ,lkhFk;. mjw;F VO

thry;fs; cz;L¢ mt;thry;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; gq;fplg;gl;l (jdpj;jdpg;) gphptpdUf;F
chpajhFk;. (]_wh my;-`p[;h;: 43-44)

eatQ;rfh;fSf;F kpfTk; fLikahd Ntjidf;F cs;shth;fs;. ,th;fs; jhd; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;lth;fs; Nghd;W nray;gl;l NghjpYk; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fSf;Fs; ek;gpf;if ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
epr;rakhf ,e;eatQ;rfHfs; eufj;jpd; kpfTk; fPohd mbj; jyj;jpy;jhd; ,Ug;ghHfs;¢
mtHfSf;F cjtpahsuhf vtiuAk; ePH fhz khl;BH.(]_wh md;-eprh: 145)

eufk; ntWg;G epiwe;j ,lkhFk;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kPjhd mjd; jhfj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jNt KbahJ.
gy epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis mjpy; vwpe;j NghjpYk; mJ NkYk; ,d;Dk; mjpfkhf Nfl;Fk;.

eufj;ij Nehf;fp> 'eP epiwe;J tpl;lhah? vd;W ehk; Nfl;L> mjw;F mJ ',d;Dk; mjpfkhf
VJk; ,Uf;fpd;wjh?" vd;W Nfl;Fk; me;ehis (egpNa! ePH epidTWj;JtPuhf)! (]_wh fhg;:
30)

xUKiw gpbj;Jtpl;lhy; mJ epue;jukhf itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. ,iwtd; eufj;ij gw;wp Fh;Mdpy;

,t;thW $Wfpwhd;.

mtid ehd; ']fH" (vd;Dk;) eufpy; Gfr; nra;Ntd;. ']fH" vd;dntd;gij ckf;F vJ
tpsf;Fk;? mJ (vtiuAk;) kpr;rk; itf;fhJ¢ tpl;L tplTk; nra;ahJ. (mJ Rl;Lf; fhpj;J
kdpjdpd;) NkdpiaNa cUkhw;wp tpLk;. (]_wh my;-Kj;jjph;: 26-29)

epr;rakhf eufj;jpw;F cs;Ns nry;tJk; NtjidahdjhFk;. kf;fs; mjDs; tPrp vwpag;gLthh;fs;.

,d;ndhU trdj;jpy; mjpy; mth;fs; “Kfq;Fg;Gw m(e; eufj;)jpy; js;sg;gLthh;fs;”;(]_wh m\;-
\{muh: 94).

%ba fjTfSf;Fs;Ns Kbtpy;yhj tho;if

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; eufj;jpDs; GFe;j clNd fjTfs; %lg;gLk;. ,q;F mth;fs; kpfg;gaq;fukhd
fhl;rpfis fhz;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; vd;nwd;Wk; epue;jukhf ,Uf;fg;NghFk; eufj;jpw;Fs; te;J tpl;lij
mth;fs; czh;e;J nfhs;thh;fs;. %ba fjTfs; mth;fSf;F ,ul;rpg;G my;yJ kPl;rp fpilahJ
vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; epiyia ,iwtd; ,t;thW tpthpf;fpwhd;.

Mdhy;> vtHfs; ek; trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhHfNsh> mtHfs; jhk;

,lg;gf;fj;ijAilNahHmtHfs; kPJ (vg;gf;fKk;) %lg;gl;l neUg;G ,Uf;fpwJ. (]_wh my;-
gyj;: 19-20)

Ntjidia gw;wp Fh;Md; $Wk;NghJ mJ fLikahd Ntjid (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 176) Nkhrkhd
Ntjid (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 4) kw;Wk; Nehtpid jUk; Ntjid (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 21) vd;Wk;
tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;j tpsf;fk; eufj;jpd; jz;lidfis KOikahf tpsq;fp nfhs;s NghJkhdjy;y.
,e;j cyfpy; rpW vhpfhaq;fisAk; jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahj kdpjd; mtd; epue;jukhf neUg;gpy;
NtjidgLj;jg;gLtij epidj;J ghh;f;f KbahJ. ,e;j cyfpYs;s neUg;G fhaq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk;
Ntjidia euf NtjidNahL xg;gpl KbahJ. euf Ntjidf;F xg;ghf ve;j NtjidAk;
,Uf;fhJ.

Mdhy; me;ehspy; (my;yh`; nra;Ak;) Ntjidiag; Nghy;> NtW vtDk; Ntjid

nra;akhl;lhd;. NkYk;> mtd; fl;LtJ Nghy; NtW vtDk; fl;lkhl;lhd;. (]_wh my;-g/[;h;:
25-26)
eufj;jpy; tho;if ,Uf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; me;j tho;if KOtJk; Ntjidahy; epug;g gl;bUf;Fk;.
me;j tho;ifapy; gy tifahd cshPjpahd> cly;hPjpahd NtjidfSk; kw;Wk; gy tifahd
NtjidfSld; Nrh;j;J Nftyg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;jpUf;Fk;. ,e;j Ntjidfis cyfpYs;s ve;j
NtjidAlDk; xg;gpl;L ghh;f;f KbahJ.

eufj;jpYs;s kf;fs; mth;fsJ [e;J Gyz;fshYk; Ntjidia czh;e;J nfhs;thh;fs;. mth;fsJ

fz;fs; gaq;fukhd fhl;rpfis ghh;f;Fk;, mth;fsJ fhJfs; gaq;fu mywy;fis Nfl;Fk;,
mth;fsJ %f;F Jh;thilia Rthrpf;Fk;, mth;fsJ ehf;F kpfTk; rfpj;J nfhs;s Kbahj
Nkhrkhdtw;iw Ritf;Fk;. mth;fsJ nry;fs; Mokhf Jisaplg;gl;Ls;sij czh;thh;fs;. ,e;j
Ntjidapd; jd;ikia rpe;jpg;gJ fbdkhf xd;whFk;. mth;fsJ Njhy; mth;fsJ clypYs;s
Ez;zq;fpfs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ KO clYk; cilf;fg;gl;L mth;fs; Ntjidahy; myWth;fs;.

eufj;jpYs;sh;fs; Ntjidia jhq;fp nfhs;thh;fs;. mjdhy; mth;fs; kuzpf;f khl;lhh;fs;.

mjpypUe;J jq;fis fhg;ghw;wp nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fsJ Njhy; Rlg;gl;ljd; gpd;dh; kPz;Lk;
Gjpa Njhy; mzptpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j Ntjid epue;jukhf njhlUk;. Ntjidapd; msT Fiwa
khl;lhJ. ,iwtd; Fh;Mdpy; ,ij gw;wp ,t;thW $Wfpwhd; 'ePq;fs; mjpy; EioAq;fs;¢ gpwF ePq;fs;
(mjd; Ntjidiar;) rfpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;¢ my;yJ rfpj;Jf; nfhs;shjpUq;fs;¢ (,uz;Lk;)
cq;fSf;Fr; rkNk¢ epr;rakhf ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jtw;wpw;fhfj;jhd; ePq;fs; $yp
nfhLf;fg;gLfpwPHfs;." (]_wh mj;-Jhh;: 16).

cly; Ntjid Nghd;W cshPjpahd NtjidAk; fLikahf ,Uf;Fk;. eufj;jpYs;sth;fs;

ftiyg;gl;L epuhirahfp nra;tjwpahJ gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfs; Jf;fj;jpNyNa fopg;ghh;fs;. eufj;jpd;
xt;nthU gFjpAk; cshPjpahd Ntjidfis nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ntjid
epue;jukhdJ. mit gy gpy;ypad; Mz;LfSf;F gpwF Kbe;JtpLk; vd;wpUe;jhy; me;j fhyk;
mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; ek;gpf;ifA+l;LtjhfTk; kfpo;r;rp juf;$bajhfTk; mikAk;. ,Ug;gpDk; epue;ju
Ntjid xUtifahd ek;gpf;ifapd;ik Vw;gLj;Jk;. mij cyfpYs;s ve;j czh;TfSlDk; xg;gpl
KbahJ..

Fh;Mid nghUj;jtiuapy; eufk; vd;gJ kpf fLikahd Ntjidfs; epiwe;j ,lkhFk;. mJ

xLf;fkhd Gif ,iur;ry; ,Ul;L Mfpait nfhz;L kdpjdpd; Md;khtpw;F ghJfhg;gpd;ikia
cz;Lgz;ZfpwJ. mJ Nkhrkhd Jh;thil, ,jaj;ij Rl;nlhpf;f $ba neUg;G, cz;z kw;Wk;
gUFtjw;F mUtUg;ghditfs;, neUg;ghyhd Milfs; Nghd;w jd;ikfis nfhz;l
,lkhfTs;sJ. ,Jjhd; eufj;jpd; mbg;gil jd;ikfshFk;. ,e;j Nkhrkhd #oypy; tho NehpLk;.
,Ug;gpDk; eufj;jpYs;sth;fspd; Gyd;fs; ed;F njhopw;gLk;. mth;fs; Nfl;ghh;fs;, NgRthh;fs;,
thf;Fthjj;jpy; <LgLthh;fs;, me;j NtjidfspypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kay;thh;fs;. mth;fs; euf
neUg;gpy; vhpf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf grpAk; jhfKk; Vw;gLk;. mjw;fhf tUe;Jthh;fs;. mth;fs; Fw;w
czh;it nfhz;L Ntjid nra;ag;gLthh;fs;. mth;fspd; NtjidaptpUe;J jg;g Kaw;rpg;ghh;fs;.

eufthrpfis nghUj;jtiuapy; mth;fsJ tho;if ,q;F mUtUg;ghd Jh;thil tPrf;$ba ,lj;jpy;

thOk; kpUfj;jpd; epiyia tpl NkhrkhdjhFk;. mth;fSf;F czT fs;sp nrbapypUe;J goq;fSk;
]f;$k; vd;w kuj;jpypUe;Jk; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mth;fSf;F ,uj;jKk; rPOk; fye;j ghdq;fshf
nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mth;fs; vq;F nrd;w NghjpYk; neUg;G njhlUk;. euf Ntjidia gw;wp ,t;thW
$wg;gLfpwJ;

“ahH ek; Ntjtrdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhHfNsh> mtHfis ehk; epr;rakhf eufj;jpy; GFj;jp

tpLNthk;¢ mtHfs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; Nghnjy;yhk; mitay;yh (NtW) Njhy;fis> mtHfs;
Ntjidiag; (G+uzkhf) mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mtHfSf;F ehk; khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ug;Nghk; -
epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk; QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;”. (]_wh md;-
eprh:56)

Njhy; Rlg;gl;L cly; KOtJk; ,uj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; mth;fis rq;fpypahy; gpizf;fg;gl;L
mbf;fg;gLthh;fs;. mth;fsJ iffs; fOj;Jld; Nrh;j;J fl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; eufj;jpd; eLg;gFjpf;F
tPrg;gLthh;fs;. mth;fis Rw;wp neUg;G fhzg;gLk;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mj;jifa Ntjidfis tpl;Lk;
fhg;ghw;w nrhy;yp fjwpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mjw;F gjpyspf;F Kfkhf mth;fsJ Ntjid
mjpfhpj;J nfhz;Nl NghFk;. mth;fs; jdpikapy; tplg;gLthh;fs;.
,e;j epfo;Tfs; epr;rak; eilngWk;. mitfs; cz;ikahdit.. mit vd;Kila md;whl tho;it
tpl cz;ikahdit.

kdpjHfspy; (XH cWjpAk; ,y;yhky;) Xuj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;L my;yh`;it tzq;FfpwtDk;

,Uf;fpwhd; (]_wh my;-`I;: 11) vd;W nrhy;gth;fSk; vz;zg;gl;l rpy ehl;fNsad;wp ruf neUg;G
vq;fsis epr;rakhf jPz;lhJ (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 24) vd;W nrhy;gth;fSk;> gzk;> njhopy;>
me;j];J kw;Wk; mij Nghd;wtw;iw mth;fsJ tho;tpd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fshf fUjp ,iwtdJ
ew;NgWfis cjhrPdk; nra;J, mth;fsJ nrhe;j eyd;fSf;F Vw;g ,iwtdJ fl;lisfis
khw;wp: Fh;Mid jq;fsJ nrhe;j tpUg;gjpw;F Vw;wthW tpsf;fk; nfhLj;J : Neuhd topapypUe;J
jtwpath;fs; - RUf;fkhf nrhy;jhdhy;- midj;J epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSk; eatQ;rfh;fSk; - ,iwtd;
vth;fs; kPJ mtdJ fUizAk; kd;dpg;Gk; mUSfpwNdh> mth;fis jtpu kw;wth;fs; - eufpy;
vwpag;gLthh;fs;. ,J ,iwtdpd; rj;jpakhd nrhy; MfNt mJ epr;rak; eilngWk;.

NkYk; ehk; ehbapUe;jhy;> xt;NthH Mj;khTf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa NeHtopia ehk; nfhLj;jpUg;Nghk;¢

Mdhy; 'ehd; epr;rakhf eufj;ij - [pd;fisAk;> (jPa) kdpjHfisAk; - Mfpa ahtiuAk;
nfhz;L epug;GNtd;" vd;W vd;dplkpUe;J (Kd;dNu) thf;F te;Js;sJ. (]_wh m];-].[jh:
13)

,th;fs; Vw;fdNt eufj;jpw;nfd;W jPh;khdpf;fgl;th;fs;.

epr;rakhf ehk; [pd;fspypUe;Jk;> kdpjHfspypUe;Jk; mNefiu eufj;jpw;nfd;Nw

gilj;Js;Nshk;¢ mtHfSf;F ,Ujaq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd - Mdhy; mtw;iwf; nfhz;L mtHfs;
ey;YzHT ngw khl;lhHfs;¢ mtHfSf;Ff; fz;fs; cz;L¢ Mdhy;> mtw;iwf; nfhz;L
mtHfs; (,iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfisg;) ghHg;gjpy;iy¢ mtHfSf;Ff; fhJfs; cz;L. Mdhy;
mtw;iwf; nfhz;L mtHfs; (ew;Nghjidiaf;) Nfl;fkhl;lhHfs; - ,j;jifNahH
fhy;eilfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;. ,y;iy! mtw;iw tplTk; top NflHfs;¢ ,tHfs; jhk;
(ek;trdq;fis) myl;rpak; nra;jtHfshthHfs;. (]_wh my;-Mug;: 179)

neUg;ghy; Ntjid nra;ag;gly;

neUg;gpy; thl;lg;gLtJjhd; ,e;j euf Ntjidapy; kpfg;nghpaJk; kpfr;rhjhuzkhd NtjidahFk;.
Kw;w midj;J Ntjidfis Kiwfis tplTk;, eufj;jpd; jdpj;Jtkhd neUg;G, kdpj clypy;
rPh;nra;a Kbahj tLf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j Ntjid kdpj cliy nry;fspd; epiyf;F
khw;wptpLk;. eufthrpfs; ,e;j”nfhOe;J tpl;nlhpAk; neUg;gpy;”; (]_wh my;-kMhpI;: 15)
vhpag;gLthh;fs;. mth;fs; “nfhOe;J tpl;nlhpAk; neUg;gpy;“ (]_wh my;-iyy;: 14) vhpf;fg;gLthh;fs;.
Fh;Md; NkYk; $Wifapy; :

Mdhy; vtDila (ed;ikapd;) epiw ,Nyrhf ,Uf;fpwNjh-mtd; jq;Fkplk; '`htpah" jhd;.

,d;Dk; ('`htpah") vd;d vd;W ckf;F mwptpj;jJ vJ? mJ Rl;nlhpf;Fk; (eufj;jpd;)
jPf;fplq;fhFk;. (]_wh my;-fhhpM: 8-11)

,e;j trdj;ij Muha;e;J ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ neUg;G eufk; KOtijAk; tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; vd;gij
Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,e;j Fopapy; ghJfhg;ghd ,lk; vd;W xd;Wk; ,Uf;fhJ. neUg;G eufj;jpd;
midj;J gFjpfisAk; nrd;wilAk;. kw;w midj;J tpjkhd cly; kw;Wk; cshPjpahd Ntjidfis
mDgtpf;Fk;NghOJk; epuhfhpg;ghsid neUg;G rpwpJ Neuk; $l tpl;Litg;gjpy;iy. euf neUg;G kpf
kpf nghpajhFk;. Fh;Mdpy; eufj;jpd; gaq;fuj;ijAk; jhf;fj;ijAk; tpthpf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j
neUg;ghdJ muz;kidapd; msT my;yJ rpfg;G xl;lfq;fspd; $l;lj;Jld; xg;gpl;Ls;sJ.

md;iwa jpdk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F NfLjhd;!!

ePq;fs; epuhfhpj;jjpd; gf;fk; nry;Yq;fs;

ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. 'ePq;fs; vijg; ngha;g;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jPHfNsh>

mjd; ghy; elg;gPHfshf" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). %d;W fpisfSila (eufg; Gif)
 epoypd; ghy; elg;gPHfshf. (mJ) epoyspg;gJky;y¢ (eufpd;) fLe;joiy tpl;Lf;
fhg;ghw;WtJky;y. epr;rakhf mJ nghpa khspiffisg; Nghd;w neUg;Gg; nghwpfisf; nfhz;L
tPrp vwpe;J nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;. epr;rakhf mJ kQ;rs; epwKs;s xl;liffs; Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;.
(]_wh my;-Kh;]yhj;: 28-33)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; jq;fsJ KO gyj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jp neUg;gpypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kidthh;fs;> MdhYk;

mth;fs; mDkjpf;f;gl khl;lhh;fs;. me;j neUg;G (NeHtopiag;) Gwf;fzpj;Jg; Gwq;fhl;br; nrd;Nwhiu
m(e;eufj;jPahd)J miof;Fk;. (]_wh my;-kMhpI;: 17). kw;nwhU trdk; kWj;jth;fspd; tpjpia gw;wp
$WfpwJ.

Mdhy; vtHfs; (tuk;G kPwpg;) ghtk; nra;jhHfNsh> mtHfs; jq;Fkplk; (euf) neUg;Gj;jhd; -
mtHfs; mij tpl;L ntspNaw ehLk; Nghnjy;yhk;> mjpNyNa kPz;Lk; js;sg;gl;L: 'vjid
ePq;fs; ngha;g;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jPHfNsh me;j (euf) neUg;gpd; Ntjidia mDgtpAq;fs;'"
vd;W mtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gLk;.(]_wh m];-]Ijh: 20)

mj;jifa Ntjidia mDgtpg;gth;fspd; mywy;fisAk; fjwy;fisAk; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk;. Nfl;L

nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa mywy;fSk; fjwy;fSk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; tpNrl NtjidahFk;.

mjpy; mtHfSf;F Ntjid Kdf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; mtHfs; mjpNy (vjidAk;)

nrtpAwkhl;lhHfs;. (]_wh my;-md;gpah: 100)

Jh;ghf;fpa rhypfs; (euf) neUg;gpy; (vwpag;gl;L) ,Ug;ghHfs;. mjpy; mtHfSf;F

ngUq;$r;rYk;> Kdf;fKk;(jhd;) ,Uf;Fk (]_wh `_j;: 106)

neUg;G jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahj typia Vw;gLj;Jk;. rhjhuz neUg;G Fr;rp Vw;gLj;Jk; neUg;ig $l
kdpjh;fshhy; jhq;fpnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. ,e;j cyfpy; ehk; mDgtpf;Fk; ve;j typAk; euf
neUg;gpw;F kpf kpf rhjhuzkhd xd;whFk;. mjDld; xg;gplNt KbahJ. ,e;j cyfpy; kdpjdhy;
ePz;l Neuk; neUg;gpy; ,Uf;f KbahJ. mtd; 5-10 epkplq;fspy; ,we;J tpLthd; my;yJ FWfpa
fhyj;jpw;F typia czUthd;. ,Ug;gpDk; euf neUg;G kpfg;gaq;fukhdJ. mJ kuzj;ij
Vw;gLj;jhJ khwhf typia Vw;gLj;Jk;. eufthrpfs; epue;jukhf ,Uf;Fk; neUg;gpy; vwpag;gLthh;fs;.
,e;j Ntjidf;F Kbtpy;iy vd;gij czh;e;j eufthrpfs; eph;fjpahd epiyf;F js;sg;gLthh;fs;.
mthfs; vt;tpj cjtpapd;wp nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;J ,Ug;gij czh;thh;fs;.

Rl;nlhpf;fg;gl;l KfNk NtjidfspNy kpfTk; tpUk;gglhj xd;whFk;. fhuzk; xUtdJ clyikg;gpy;

mtDf;F ngUik juf;$baJ KfkhFk;. xUtDf;F jdpj;Jtkhd milahsj;ij nfhLg;gNjhL
“ehd;” vd;W nrhy;yf;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mofhdJ vd;Wk; mofw;wJ Nghd;w nrhw;fs;
Kfj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;litahFk;. jP fhaq;fis Nrjkile;j Kfj;Jila xUthpd; Gifglj;ij
ghh;gJ ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fs; clNd ,iwtd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp jq;fis mj;jifa gaq;fu
epfo;TfspypUe;J fhg;ghw;WkhW kd;whLthh;fs;. ahUk; mj;jifa Jujp\;ltrkhd epfo;Tfs;
jq;fSf;F Vw;gLtij tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk;, epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; Kf;fpa xU cz;ikia
kwe;J tho;fpwhh;fs;, mth;fs; nkJthf mj;jifa Kbit neUq;Ffpwhh;fs;. mJ kpf fLikahd
xd;whFk;. euf neUg;gpd; NtjidahdJ clypd; midj;J ghfq;fSf;Fk; CLUtp nry;Yk;. Kfk;
neUg;gpdhy; Rl;nlwpf;fg;gLk; NghJ mJ th;zpf;f Kbahj mstpw;F Ntjidia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
fz;fs;, fhJ, %f;F, ehf;F kw;Wk; Njhy;, RUq;f $wpdhy;, midj;J czuf;$ba
cWg;GfSk; clypd; Kf;fpakhd ,e;j gFjpapy; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. Kfj;jpw;F vj;jifa ghjpg;G
te;jhYk;, mJ rpwpajhf ,Ue;jhYk;, mjd; vjph; jhf;fk; kpf fLikahf ,Uf;Fk;. eufj;jpy;,
Kfk; vhpffg;gLk;. ,e;j tifapy; clypd; kpf Kf;fpa ghfk; kpf fLikahf fhag;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Ntjidia gw;wp NkYk; Fwpg;gpLifapy;

neUg;gpy; mtHfSila Kfq;fs; Gul;lg;gLk; me;ehspy;> 'M! if NrjNk! my;yh`;Tf;F

ehq;fs; topg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;LNk¢ ,j;J}jUf;Fk; ehq;fs; topg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;LNk!" vd;W
$WthHfs;. (]_wh my;-m`;]hg;: 66)

mtHfSila Milfs; jhuhy; (fPy; vz;izapdhy;) Mfp ,Uf;Fk;¢ ,d;Dk; mtHfSila

Kfq;fis neUg;G %b ,Uf;Fk;. (]_wh ,Gwh`Pk;: 50)
 (euf) neUg;G mtHfSila Kfq;fis fhpf;Fk;¢ ,d;Dk; mjpy; mtHfs; cjL RUz;L (Kfk;
tpfhukhdtHfshf) ,Ug;ghHfs;. ( ]_whmy;-%/kpDhd;: 104)

eufj;jpd; tpwFk; nfhjpf;Fk; ePUk;.

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; eufj;jpy; vhpj;J Ntjid gLj;jg;gLj; tpjj;ij gw;wp Fh;Md; tpsf;Fk; NghJ
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis “eufj;jpd; tpwF vd;W miog;gij fhzyhk;. mth;fs; vhpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; kw;w
nghUl;fs; neUg;gpy; vhpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; eufj;jpd; tpwFfshf
ghtpf;fg;gLthh;fs;.

'mf;fpukf;fhuHfNsh eufj;jpw;F vhp tpwfha; tpl;ldH" (vd;W me;j [pd; $wpw;W).

(]_wh my;-[pd;: 15)

kw;w nghUl;fis tpl tpwF neLNeuk; vhpAk;. mij Nghd;W mth;fs; Kd;G kWj;j ,e;j neUg;gpw;F
tpwFfshf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,e;j cz;ikia gpd;tUk; trdk; tpsf;FfpwJ.

K/kpd;fNs! cq;fisAk;> cq;fs; FLk;gj;jhiuAk; (euf) neUg;ig tpl;Lf; fhg;ghw;wpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs; mjd; vhpnghUs; kdpjHfSk;> fy;YNkahFk; (]_wh mj;-j`;hPk;: 6)

epr;rakhf epuhfhpj;jth;fs; mth;fSila nghUl;fNsh> ,d;Dk; mth;fSila gps;isfNsh

my;yh`;tp(d; Ntjidap)ypUe;J vijAk; mth;fis tpl;Lk; jLf;fhJ. ,d;Dk; mth;fs; jhk;
eufj;jpd; vhpnghUs; Mth;. (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 10)

epr;rakhf ePq;fSk;> my;yh`;it md;wp ePq;fs; tzq;fpaitAk; eufj;jpw;F tpwFfNs! ePq;fs;

(ahtUk;) eufj;jpw;F te;J NrHgtHfNs! (vd;W mtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gLk;.) (]_wh my;-
md;gpah: 98)

kdpjh;fs; tpwFfshf ghtpf;fg;gLk; mNjNeuk; cz;ikahd tpwFfSk; neUg;ig tsh;f;f

cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;. ,J ,d;ndhU tifahd NtjidahFk;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs;, ,e;j cyfpy; kpf
neUf;fkhf ,Ue;jth;fs;- cjhuzkhf fztd; kidtpahf xUth; kw;wtUf;fhf tpwFfis
Rkg;ghh;fs;. cjhuzj;jpw;fhf mG+ y`g; kw;Wk; mtdJ kidtpiaAk; cjuzkhf $wyhk;.

mG+y`gpd; ,uz;L iffSk; ehrkilf mtDk; ehrkhfl;Lk;. mtDila nghUSk;> mtd;

rk;ghjpj;jitAk; mtDf;Fg; gad;gltpy;iy. tpiutpy; mtd; nfhOe;J tpl;nlhpAk; neUg;gpy;
GFthd;. tpwF Rkg;gtshd mtDila kidtpNah>mtSila fOj;jpy; KWf;Nfwpa <r;rq;
fapWjhd; (mjdhy; mtSk; mopths;). (]_wh y`g;:1-5)

,J cyfpd; midj;J ge;jq;fisAk; cilj;JtpLk;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mjpfkhf md;G my;yJ

fhjypg;gjhf $wp ,iwtDf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;lth;fs;> eufj;jpy; kw;wth;fSf;F vjpuhf neUg;ig
%l;Lthh;fs;. xUtuJ Jiz> neUq;fpa cwtpdh;> kpf neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs; midtUk; vjphpfshf
khwptpLthh;fs;. ek;gpf;if JNuhfj;jpw;F vy;iy ,Uf;fhJ.

capUs;s kw;Wk; capuw;witfshy; %l;lg;gl;l neUg;gpy; nfhjpf;f itf;fg;gl;l jz;zPh;

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis fhagLj;Jk;. kdpj cliy Nghh;jpAs;s Kf;fpa cWg;ghd NjhyhdJ rpy
kpy;ypkPl;lh; jbg;gkhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mjd; njhLjy; vd;w czh;it nfhz;Nl xUtd; ntsp
cyfj;NjhL njhlh;G nfhs;fpwhd;. mJ clypd; kpf Kf;fpa gFjpahd Kfk;> iffs;> fhy;fs;>
Nghd;witfs; Njhypdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. xUtd; Rfj;ij czUk; cWg;ghd Njhy; Ntjidapd;
kWtbtkhf khwptpLk;. mJ neUg;gpw;Fk; nfhjpf;Fk; jputq;fiaAk; Vw;W nfhs;shJ. neUg;G Njhiy
RLk;. nfhjpf;Fk; ePh; mij JisapLk;. nfhjpf;Fk; ePh; Njhiy KOtJkhf rpijj;J tpLk;. xU rpW
gFjp $l ghjpg;gilahky; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. nky;ypa Njhy; Kjypy; Nky; vOe;J gpwF jP gpbj;J
nfhs;Sk;. fLikahd Nehtpid jUk;. cly; moNfh my;yJ cyf nrhj;Jf;fNsh mt;tJ GfNoh
RUq;f $wpdhy;> ,e;j nfhjpf;Fk; ePhpypUe;J mtid vJTk; fhg;ghw;whJ. Fh;Md; ,ij gw;wp $Wk;
NghJ “ .,tHfs; epuhfhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy; ,tHfSf;Ff; nfhjpf;Fk; ePUk;
Jd;GWj;Jk; NtjidAk; cz;L“ (]_wh my;-md;Mk;: 70). ,d;ndhU trdj;jpy;.

Mdhy; mtd; topnfl;Lg; ngha;ahf;FNthhpy; (xUtdhf) ,Ue;jhy; nfhjpf;Fk; ePNu> mtDf;F

tpUe;jhFk;. euf neUg;gpy; js;sg;gLtJ (tpUe;jhFk;). epr;rakhf ,Jjhd; cWjpahd
cz;ikahFk;. (]_wh my;-thfpM: 92-95)

,j;jifa Ntjidia gw;wp NkYk; $Wifapy;

'mtidg;gpbj;Jf; nfhOe;J tpl;nlhpAk; eufj;jpd; ikaj;jpw;F ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;: gpd;dH>

mtdJ jiyf;F Nky; Ntjid nfhLf;Fk; nfhjpf;Fk; ePiu Cw;Wq;fs;. eP (,ijr;)
Ritj;Jg;ghH! epr;rakhf eP ty;yik rhypahfTk;> rq;ifAilatdhfTk; ,Ue;jha;! epr;rakhf
,Jjhd; ePq;fs; re;Njfpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jPHfNs mJthFk;" (vd;W mtHfsplk; nrhy;yg;gLk;)
(]_wh mj;-Jfhd;: 47-50)

,J jtpu neUg;gpdhy; NtWtifahd NehtpidfSk; Vw;gLk;. eufthrpfs; nfhjpj;j rpfg;G

cNyhfq;fis nfhz;L milahskplg;gLthh;fs;. ,e;j cyfpy; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs;; ,iwtDf;F
,izahf;fpath;fs; Nrkpj;j nrhj;JfshFk;.

,d;Dk; vtHfs; nghd;idAk;> nts;spiaAk; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw my;yh`;tpd;

ghijapy; nrytplhjpUf;fpd;whHfNsh (egpNa!) mtHfSf;F Nehtpid nra;Ak; Ntjid cz;L
vd;W ed;khuhak; $WtPuhf!. (egpNa! mtHfSf;F ePH me;j ehis epidT+l;LtPuhf!) me;j
ehspy; (mtHfs; Nrkpj;J itj;j nry;tj;ij) euf neUg;gpypl;Lf; fha;r;rp> mijf; nfhz;L
mtHfSila new;wpfspYk; tpyhg;Gwq;fspYk;> KJFfspYk; #L Nghlg;gLk; - (,d;Dk;) ',J
jhd; ePq;fs; cq;fSf;fhfr; Nrkpj;J itj;jJ - MfNt ePq;fs; Nrkpj;J itj;jijr;
Ritj;Jg; ghUq;fs;" (vd;W $wg;gLk;). (]_wh mj;-jy;gh: 34-35)

NtWtifahd Ntjidfs;
ehk; epidg;gJ Nghd;W eufk; kpfg;nghpa mLg;gy;y. eufthrpfs; neUg;gpy; tPrg;gLthh;fs;. ,J
cz;ik. ,Ug;gpDk; euf Ntjid neUg;ghy; Rlg;gLtNjhL epd;W tpLtjpy;iy. eufthrpfs; kw;w
cshPjpahd kw;Wk; cly;hPjpahd NtjidfshYk; #og;gLthh;fs;.

,e;j cyfpy; xUtid NtjidgLj;j gytifahd KiwfSk; fUtpfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLtij ehk;

ghh;fpNwhk;. rpy Ntisfspy; Ntjid jhq;f Kbahky; ,we;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. jg;gpj;jth;fs;
kdNeha;fSf;F cl;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j cyfpy; ghtpf;fg;gLk; rpj;jputijfis euf NtjidNahL
xg;gpl;lhy; mJ kpf rpwpajhFk;. eufthrpfs; tpj;jpahrkhd kpfTk; fLikahd rpj;jputijf;F
cs;shthh;fs;. kpd;rhuk; nrYj;jp xUtd; rpj;jputijf;F cs;shFk; xUtdpd; epiyahdJ>
kpd;rhuKk; mNjNghd;W kdpjDk; ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;litfsFk;. Kw;w mwpahj Ntjid
KiwfSk; kdpjdpd; gytPdKk; ,iwtdJ EZf;fkhd mwpthy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. MfNt,
,iwtd; kpf nfhLikahd rpj;jputijfis Vw;gLj;Jthd;. ,J jhd; my;-f`;`hh; (Mjpf;fk;
nrYj;Jgtdhd),iwtdpd; rl;lkhFk;.

eufj;jpd; vy;yh gFjpapYk; Ntjid fhj;jpUf;Fk; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. Ntjidfis jtph;f;f
KbahJ. mJ eufthrpfis vy;yh gf;fkhfTk; #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;. mth;fshy; mij jhq;fp
nfhs;sTk; KbahJ mNjNeuk; mjpypUe;J jg;gpf;fTk; KbahJ.

mt;Ntjidia mtrug;gLj;J khW mtHfs; ck;ikf; Nfl;fpwhHfs; - Mdhy;> epr;rakhf eufk;

fh/gpHfisr; #o;e;J nfhs;tjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. me;ehspy;> mt;Ntjid mtHfSf;F NkypUe;Jk;>
mtHfSila fhy;fSf;Ff; fPopUe;Jk; mtHfis %bf; nfhs;Sk;. (mg;NghJ ,iwtd;)
'ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j(jpd; ga)idr; Ritj;Jg; ghUq;fs;' vd;W $Wthd;. (]_wh
my;-md;fG+j;: 54-55)
NtWtifahd Nehtpidfs; eufj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. ,ij gw;wp Fh;Md; $Wk; NghJ

(mJNt eufk;) [`d;dk; -mjpy; mtHfs; EiothHfs; mJ jq;Fkplq;fspy; kpfTk; nfl;lJ.

,J (jPNahHfSf;fhf) MfNt mtHfs; mjidr; Ritj;Jg; ghHf;fl;Lk; - nfhjpf;Fk; ePUk;
rPOk; MFk;. ,d;Dk; (,ijj;jtpu) ,J Nghd;w gy (NtjidfSk;) cz;L. (]_wh ]hj;:
56-58)

,e;j trdj;ijAk; kw;w trdq;fisAk; MuhAk; NghJ , eufj;jpy; gy;NtW tifahd rpj;jputijfs;
cs;sd vd;gij Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. mjpy; Kf;fpakhditfshd neUg;Gk; NftyKk; Fh;Mdpy;
$wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; eufthrpfs; kw;w tifahd Ntjidfspy; ,Ue;J jq;fis fhg;ghw;wp
nfhs;s KbahJ. cjhuzkhf neUg;G kw;Wk; nfhjpf;Fk; jz;zPh; jtph;e;J, tpyq;Ffs; , G+r;rpfs;,
Njs;, ghk;G epiwe;j Fopapy; js;sg;gLjy;, vypfshy; jPz;lg;gLjy;, GOf;fshy; cz;lhd
fhaq;fs; %yk; Ntjid nra;ag;gLjy;, Nghd;w Ntjidfs; gpio nra;jth;fSf;F njhlh;eJ
nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

#L ,Us; Gif neUf;fbahd ,lk;

#lhd Nkhrkhd FWfpa ,lq;fis nghJthf midtUk; ntWf;fpwhh;fs;. fhw;wOj;jjKk; ntg;gKk;
%r;R jpzwiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. clypd; Kf;fpakhd njhopw;ghlhd Rthrk; mjpfsthd
fhw;wOj;jj;jhy; fbdkhfpwJ.. Rthrpf;f Kbahky; Nghdhy; fLikahd fisg;G Vw;gLk;. khh;G
,WFk;. fLk; #lhd fhyepiyapYk; fhw;wOj;jk; Nghd;w re;jh;gq;fspy; epoyhy; ve;j gaDk; ,y;iy.
fz;Zf;F Gyg;glhj jbg;gkhd fhw;W mLf;F %r;R jpzwiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.. Fspay;
njhl;bfspYs;s ntg;gKk; fhw;wOj;j msTfSk; jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahky; ,Uf;fpwJ. gj;J
epkplq;fSf;F Nky; ntg;g Fspaiy ngwKbahJ. ePh; jlhfj;jpy; rw;W Neuk; ,Ue;jhy;
kaf;fkilfpwhh;. ePz;l Neuk; ,Ue;jhy; kuzkilfpwhh;.

jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahj Rw;W#oy; eufj;ij Mf;fpukpj;J nfhs;fpwJ.. ,e;j cyfpd; fLk;
ntg;gj;jpypUe;J jd;id fhg;ghw;w ngUk; Kd;ndr;rhpf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; kdpjd; eufj;jpy;
nra;tjwpahJ jpifg;ghd;. eufk; kw;w ghiytdq;fis tpl ntg;gkhfTk; fw;gid nra;a Kbahj
mstpw;F mRj;jkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. kdpj cliy jhf;Fk; ntg;gj;ij clypYs;s nry;fs; czUk;.
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F mq;F epthuzk; ,Uf;fhJ mJ FspuilaTk; khl;lhJ. Fh;Md; ,ij gw;wp
$Wk;NghJ.

,lJ ghhprj;jpYs;stHfNsh ,lJ ghhprj;jpYs;stHfs; ahH? (vd;W mwptPHfsh?) (mtHfs;)

nfhba mdy; fhw;wpYk;> nfhjpf;Fk; ePhpYk; -mlHe;J ,Uz;l Gifapd; epoypYk; ,Ug;ghHfs;.
(mq;F) FspHr;rpAkpy;iy eyKkpy;iy. (]_wh my;-thfpM: 41-44)

ngha;g;gpg;gtHfSf;F me;ehspy; NfLjhd;. 'ePq;fs; vijg; ngha;g;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jPHfNsh>

mjd; ghy; elg;gPHfshf" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). %d;W fpisfSila (eufg; Gif)
epoypd; ghy; elg;gPHfshf. (mJ) epoyspg;gJky;y (eufpd;) fLe;joiy tpl;Lf;
fhg;ghw;WtJky;y. (]_wh my;-Kh;]yhj;: 28-31)

,j;jifa Nkhrkhd #o;epiyapy; neUf;fbahd ,lj;jpy; mth;fs; js;sg;gLtJ NtWtifahd

Ntjidahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j jz;lidia gw;wp Fh;Md; $Wk;NghJ:

m(e;eufj;)jpd; xU neUf;fkhd ,lj;jpy; mtHfs; (rq;fpypahy;) fl;b vwpag;gl;lhy;>

(mt;Ntjidia jhq;fkhl;lhky;> mijtpl) mopNt Nky; vd mq;Nf Ntz;baiog;ghHfs;.
',e;j ehspy; ePq;fs; XH mopit miof;fhjPHfs; ,d;Dk; gy mopTfis Ntz;baioAq;fs;"
(vd;W mtHfsplk; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-Gh;fhd;: 13-14)

,e;j cyfpy; neUf;fbahd ,lj;jpy; rpf;fp nfhs;tJ ntWg;ghd xU tplakhFk;. jdpikahd

miwfspy; G+l;b itg;gJ ifjpfSf;F kpf fLikahd jz;lizahf fUjg;gLfpwJ. tpgj;jpw;F gpwF
thfdj;jpDs; gy kzp Neuk; rpf;fp nfhs;tJk; epyeLf;fj;jhy; rpijtile;j xU efuj;jpy;
,bghLfSf;F kj;jpapy; rpf;fp jtpg;gJ Nghd;witfs; Nkhrkhd epfo;Tfshd fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
,j;jifa cjhuzq;fis eufj;jpd; epfo;TfNshL xg;gpl KbahJ. ,bghLfSf;F kj;jpapy; rpf;fp
nfhz;l xUth; kaf;fKw;W kuzpg;ghh; my;yJ rw;W Neuk; fopj;J fhg;ghw;wg;gLthh;. ,uz;L
epiyapYk; Ntjid rpy fhyq;fs; kl;LNk; ePbf;Fk;.

eufk; ,jw;F Kw;wpYk; khwhdJ. mq;F NtjidfSf;F Kbtpy;iy. MfNt mq;F ve;j ek;gpf;ifAk;
,y;iy. Nkhrkhd ,Ushd Gifahy; epug;gg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; epuhfhpg;ghsd; mtdJ ,uz;L iffSk;
fl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; rpW miwapy; milf;fg;gLtjhdJ fLikahd Nehtpid Vw;gLj;Jk;. mtd;
NghuhLthd; ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhf Vq;Fthd;> Mdhy; mtDf;F fpilf;fhJ. mtdhy; mira $l KbahJ.
,Wjpapy; Fh;Mdpy; $wg;gl;lij Nghd;W mtd; kiwe;J Nghf kd;whLthd;. kuzj;ij tpUk;Gthd;.
mtdJ Mir epiwNtwhJ. me;j FWfpa Fopf;Fs; gy khjq;fs;> tUlq;fs;> my;yJ gy;yhapuk;
tUlq;fs; ,Ug;ghd;. ngUFk; rpj;jutijfs; mtdJ ,jaj;ij epug;gp tpLk;. mtd; jhd; kiwe;J
NghfNtz;Lk; vd;W gy;yhapuk; Kiw kd;whLthd;. xU Kiw mtd; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lhy;> mtd;
,ul;rpg;ig ngwkhl;lhd;. khwhf eufj;jpd; ,d;ndhU Kfj;ij ghh;g;ghd;.

czT ghdk; kw;Wk; cilfs;

,e;j cyfj;jpy; vz;zpylq;fhj Ritkpf;f rj;Js;s czTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthd;Wk;
,iwtdpd; mUl;nfhil.ahFk;. gy;NtW tifahd ,iwr;rpfs;> goq;fs;> fha;fwpfs; gy;NtW
tifahd epwq;fspy; Ritfspy;> thridfspypYk;> ghy;gz;iz nghUl;fs;> Njd; kw;Wk;
kpUfq;fspypUe;Jk; thrid jputpaq;fspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gLk; rj;Jfs; Mfpa midj;Jk; ,iwtdhy;
tpNrlkhf gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhFk;. mitfs; ,e;j cyfk; gilf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J kdpjdpd;
NjitfSf;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;, kdpj czh;Tfs; ,j;jifa Ritfis mwpe;J
nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,iwtdpd; Jhz;Ljypdhy; kdpjd; rpwe;j czTfis
tpUk;Gfpwhd;. mit Nkhrkhd mOfpa epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; mitfis mtd; ntspNaw;wptpLfpwhd;.
,JTk; ,iwtdpd; ,d;ndhU Jhz;LjyhFk;.

,e;j cyfpYs;stiffis tpl rpwe;j ew;NgWfs; Rth;fj;jpy; jahuhf cs;sd. mij tpRthrpfs;
epue;jukhf Grpg;ghh;fs;. ,J mUl;fisAk; ew;NgWfisAk; mstpd;wp nfhLf;Fk; ,iwtdpd;
mUl;nfhilahFk;. kWGwj;jpy;> eufthrpfs; ,e;j cyfpy; mth;fs; nra;j jPa nray;fSf;F
gopjPh;f;Fk; Kfkhf ,iwtdpd; ew;NgWfspypUe;J mth;fs; J}ukhf;fg;gLthh;fs;. (]_wh m\;-\_wh:
19). mjd; fhuzkhf mth;fs; Ntjidia Ritg;ghh;fs;.

md;wpAk; (euf) neUg;gpd; Kd; epuhfhpg;gtHfs; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; ehspy;> 'cq;fs; cyf

tho;f;ifapd; NghJ cq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;j kzkhd nghUl;fisnay;yhk;> tPz; nryT
nra;J> (cyf) ,d;gk; NjbdPHfs;> 'MfNt ePq;fs; G+kpapy; mepahakhfg; ngUikabj;Jf;
nfhz;Lk;> tuk;G kPwp (tho;e;J) nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> ,opT jUk; Ntjidia ,d;W
ePq;fs; $ypahff; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwPHfs;" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-
m`;fhg;:20)

mth;fs; ve;j ew;NgWfSk; fpilf;fhJ. mth;fsJ mj;jpatrpa NjitfSk; Ntjidfshf khWk;.;

rpj;jutij gLj;Jtjw;fhf tpNrl czT tiffis ,iwtd; gilj;Js;shd;. mq;F
cz;zf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJ frg;ghd Kl;nrbfspypUe;Jk; ]f;$k; nrbfspypUe;Jk; cs;s
goq;fshFk;. mit mth;fspd; grpia jzpf;fhJ mth;fspd; cliy nfhOf;fTk; itf;fhJ. mtdJ
thiaAk; njhz;iliaAk; FliyAk; fpopj;J mUtUg;ghd thiliaAk; UrpiaAk; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;
Ntjid mjpfkhFk;. Fh;Mdpy; Rth;fj;jpw;F kl;LNk nrhe;jkhd NguoifAk; mjd; Urpfukhd czT
tiffisAk; mNj Nghd;W eufthrpfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; Nkhrkhd czT tiffisAk; gw;wp
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mJ rpwg;ghd tpUe;jh? my;yJ (eufj;jpypUf;Fk; fs;sp) '[f;$k;" vd;w kukh? epr;rakhf ehk;
mij mepahaf;fhuHfSf;F xU NrhjidahfNt nra;jpUf;fpNwhk;. nka;ahfNt mJ eufj;jpd;
mbj;jsj;jpypUe;J tsUk; kukhFk;. mjd; ghisfs; i\j;jhd;fspd; jiyfisg;
NghypUf;Fk;. epr;rakhf> mtHfs; mjpypUe;Nj Grpg;ghHfs; mijf;nfhz;L jq;fSila
tapWfis epug;gpf; nfhs;thHfs ( ]_wh m];-]hghj;: 62-66)
 mtHfSf;F tp\r; nrbfisj; jtpu> NtW cztpy;iy. mJ mtHfisf; nfhO(j;Jr;
nrop)f;fTk; itf;fhJ md;wpAk; grpiaAk; jzpf;fhJ (]_wh my;-fh\pah: 6-7)

eufthrpfs; ,iwtDf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf ,j;jifa kfj;jhd Ntjid

ngWthh;fs;. mjw;Nfw;wthW mth;fsJ jz;lid mikAk;. ,ij gw;wp ]_wh my;-thfpM
$wg;gLtjhtJ:

epr;rakhf mtHfs; ,jw;F Kd;dH (cyfj;jpy;) RfNghfpfshf ,Ue;jdH Mdhy;> mtHfs;

ngUk; ghtj;jpd; kPJ epiyj;Jk; ,Ue;jdH NkYk;> mtHfs;: 'ehk; khpj;J kz;zhfTk;>
vYk;GfshfTk; Mfp tpl;lhYk;> ehk; kPz;Lk; epr;rakhf vOg;gg;gLNthkh?" vd;W Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;L ,Ue;jdH. 'my;yJ> Kd;NdhHfshd ek; je;ijaUkh? (vOg;gg;gLtH?" vd;Wk;
$wpdH.) (egpNa!) ePH $Wk;: '(epr;rakhf cq;fspy;) Kd;NdhHfSk;> gpd;NdhHfSk;. 'Fwpg;gpl;l
ehspd; xU Neuj;jpy; (ePq;fs; ahtUk;) xd;W $l;lg;gLtPHfs;. mjw;Fg; gpd;dH:
'ngha;aHfshfpa top NflHfNs! epr;rakhf ePq;fs;> [f;$k; (vd;Dk; fs;sp) kuj;jpypUe;Nj
ePq;fs; Grpg;gtHfs;. MfNt> 'mijf; nfhz;Nl tapWfis epwg;GtPHfs;. mg;Gwk; mjd;Nky;
nfhjpf;Fk; ePiuNa Fbg;gPHfs;. 'gpd;Dk; `Pk; - jhfKs;s xl;lif Fbg;gijg; Nghy;
Fbg;gPHfs;." ,Jjhd; epahaj; jPHg;G ehspy; mtHfSf;F tpUe;jhFk;. (]_wh my;-thfpM: 45-
56)

cyfj;jpy; xUtd; vg;NghjhtJ xUKiw fLikahd njhz;il typ my;yJ tapw;W typ Vw;gLk;.
Mdhy; eufj;jpy;> xU epkplk; $l fLikahd rpj;jputij fhuzkhf Ntjid glhky;
nry;tjpy;iy. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; czT mth;fis frf;fp gpope;J tpLk;. mth;fshy;
mij KOq;f KbAkhdhy;> mJ mth;fsJ tapw;wpy; cUf;fg;gl;l <aj;ij Nghd;W nfhjpf;Fk;.(]_wh
mj;-Jfhd;: 44). mJ xU NghJk; jpUg;jp milahJ. ,t;thW eufthrpfs; epue;jukhd gaq;fukhd
grpia nfhz;L Ntjid nra;ag;gLthh;fs;.

Fw;wthspfis (mtHfs;) jhfk; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf euif Nehf;fp ehk;

tpul;LNthk;.(]_wh kh;ak;: 86)

nfhjpf;Fk; ePiu Nghd;W ryKk; eufthrpfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk;. kdpj clypd; fopTfspy; xd;whd
,e;j Nkhrkhd thridAila jputk; ,uz;lhtJ ghdkhf nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ryk; ,uj;jj;Jld;
Nrh;j;J eufthrpfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,d;ndhU trdj;jpy;> ryk; nfhjpf;Fk; ePUld; Nrh;j;J
nfhLf;fg;gLk; vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; mtd; ryj;jpd; mUtUg;ghd Urpia nfhjpf;Fk;
ePUld; nfhLg;gJd; %yk; mtdJ midj;J Gyd;fspd; %yKd; Ntjidia czh;e;J nfhs;thd;.

mit mUtUg;ghfTk; jhq;fp nfhs;sKbahjjhfTk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; Grpg;ghh;fs;.

,J mth;fspd; grpia czh;j;JfpwJ. ,e;j Ntjidia xU Kiw Ritj;jth;fs;, ,d;ndhd;iw
Njb XLthh;fs;. ,J epue;jukhf eilngWk;. vd;WNk jzpahj jhfj;jpd; fhuzkhf eufthrpfs;
Ntjid nra;ag;gLthh;fs;.

mtHfs; mjpy; FspHr;rpiaNah> Fbg;igNah Ritf;fkhl;lhHfs;. nfhjpf;Fk; ePiuAk; rPioAk;

jtpu. (mJjhd; mtHfSf;Fj;) jf;f $ypahFk;. (]_wh md;-egh: 24-26)

'vdNt> mtDf;F ,d;iwa jpdk; ,q;Nf (mDjhgg;gLk;) ve;j ez;gDk; ,y;iy." 'rPo; ePiuj;
jtpu> mtDf;F NtW ve;j czTkpy;iy." 'Fw;wthspfisj; jtpu> NtW vtUk; mijg;
GrpahH." (]_wh my;-`hf;fh: 35-37)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; ,e;j ghdj;ij KOq;Ftjw;F f\;lg;gLthh;fs;. mth;fshhy; KbahJ. ,uj;jKk;

ryKk; mth;fis thl;b vLj;j NghjpYk; mth;fshy; kuzpf;f KbahJ.

mtDf;F Kd;dhy; eufk; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ> ,d;Dk; mtDf;F (JH ehw;wKs;s) rPo; ePNu
Fbf;ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mij mtd; (rpukj;NjhL) rpwpJ rpwpjhf tpOq;Fthd; vdpDk; mJ
mtd; njhz;ilapy; vspjpy; ,wq;fhJ xt;nthU jpirapypUe;Jk; mtDf;F kuzk; te;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; vdpDk; mtd; ,we;J tpLgtDk; my;yd; md;wpAk; mtd; Kd;Nd (kpff;)
nfhba NtjidAk; cz;L. ( ]_wh ,Gwh`Pk;: 16-17)
,j;jifa Nkhrkhd #o;epiyapy;, tpNrlkhd Kiw %yk; eufthrpfs; Rth;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fis
fhz;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; Rth;f;fthrpfs; kfpo;r;rpia fhz;ghh;fs;. ,J mth;fSf;F Ntjidia NkYk;
mjpfkhf;Fk;. eufthrpfs; ew;NgWfSf;fhf nfQ;Rthh;fs;. mth;fSf;F gjpyspf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.

eufthrpfs;> RtHf;fthrpfis mioj;J> 'jz;zPhpy; nfhQ;rNkDk; my;yJ my;yh`;

cq;fSf;F mspj;Js;s cztpy; rpwpNjDk; vq;fSf;Ff; nfhLq;fs;" vdf; Nfl;ghHfs;
mjw;F mtHfs;: 'epr;rakhf my;yh`; ,t;tpuz;ilAk; fh/gpHfs; kPJ jLj;J (`uhk; Mf;fp)
tpl;lhd;" vd;W $WthHfs;. (]_wh my;-Mu/g;: 50)

NkYk; eufthrpfspd; MilfSk; mth;fSf;fhfNt tpNrlkhf jahh;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;. kdpj Njhy;

kpfTk; nkd;ikahd jpRf;fshy; MdJ . #lhd mLg;igNah my;yJ rl;biaNah xU rpy nehbfs;
njhl;lhYk; jhq;fp nfhs;s KbahjsT Ntjid Vw;gLfpwJ. mt;thW ghjpf;fg;gl;ltd; gy ehl;fs;
mjd; Ntjidia czUthd;. mtdJ fhak; rpte;J gOf;fpwJ. eufk;, #lhf;fg;gl;l ,Uk;ig tpl
Njhiy Nghh;jpAs;s #lhd cilfshy; Njhy; vhpAk;.

.Mdhy; vtH (,iwtid) epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh mtHfSf;F neUg;gpypUe;J Milfs;

jhahhpf;fg;gLk; ( ]_wh my;-`[;: 19)

mtHfSila Milfs; jhuhy; (fPy; vz;izapdhy;) Mfp ,Uf;Fk; ,d;Dk; mtHfSila

Kfq;fis neUg;G %b ,Uf;Fk (]_wh ,Gwh`Pk;: 50)

mtHfSf;F eufj;jpy; (neUg;G) tphpg;GfSk;> (NghHj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F) mtHfSf;F NkNy

neUg;Gg; NghHitfSk; cz;L - ,d;Dk; ,t;thNw mepahak; nra;gtHfSf;F ehk; $yp
nfhLg;Nghk;. ( ]_wh my;-Mug;: 41)

Jd;GWj;Jk; thdth;fs;
mth;fs; ,t;thW gytifahd rpj;jputijfSf;F cs;shd NghjpYk; eufthrpfSf;F cjt ve;j
xU Md;khTk; ,Uf;fhJ. mjpypUe;J ve;j Md;khtpw;Fk; jd;id fhg;ghw;wp nfhs;s KbahJ..
eph;fjpahd epiy mth;fSf;F xUtpjkhd jdpikia Vw;gLj;Jk;. gpio nra;jth;fis gw;wp ,iwtd;
Fh;Mdpy; vdNt> mtDf;F ,d;iwa jpdk; ,q;Nf (mDjhgg;gLk;) ve;j ez;gDk; ,y;iy. (]_wh
my;-`hf;fh: 35) vd;W $Wfpwhd;. mth;fSf;F kj;jpapy; “rpj;jputij nra;Ak; thdth;fs;“
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; fLikahd jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahj Ntjidfis nfhLg;ghh;fs;. mth;fs;
,uf;fkw;w gaq;fukhd fLikahd fhty;fhuh;fs;, mth;fs; eufthrpfSf;F fLikahd
Ntjidfis Vw;gLj;JtNj mth;fspd; NtiaahFk;. mth;fs; gilf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fk; ,iwtDf;F
vjpuhf nray;gl;lth;fis gopthq;FtjhFk;. mth;fs; mth;fSila Ntiyia ftdkhf nra;J
Kbg;ghh;fs;.

tpRthrpfNs! cq;fisAk;> cq;fs; FLk;gj;jhiuAk; (euf) neUg;ig tpl;Lf; fhg;ghw;wpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs; mjd; vhpnghUs; kdpjHfSk;> fy;YNkahFk; mjpy; fLikahd gyrhypfshd
kyf;Ffs; (fhty;) ,Uf;fpd;wdH my;yh`; mtHfis Vtpa vjpYk; mtHfs; khW nra;a
khl;lhHfs; jhq;fs; Vtg;gl;lgbNa mtHfs; nra;J tUthHfs;. (]_wh mj;-j`;hPk;: 6)

mg;gbay;y: mtd; tpyfpf; nfhs;stpy;iyahdhy;> epr;rakhf ehk; (mtDila) Kd;ndw;wp

Nuhkj;ijg; gpbj;J mtid ,Og;Nghk;. jtwpioj;J ngha;Aiuf;Fk; Kd;ndw;wp Nuhkj;ij>
MfNt> mtd; jd; rigNahiu miof;fl;Lk;. ehKk; euff; fhtyhspfis miog;Nghk;.
(]_wh my;-myf;:15-18)

thdth;fspd; rpj;jputij mth;fspd; kPJ ,iwtd; nfhz;Ls;s rhgj;ijAk;> Nfhgj;ijAk;

eufthrpfSf;F czunra;Ak;. mth;fs; eufthrpfis Ntjidapd; tpthpf;f Kbahj mstpw;F
nfhz;L nry;thh;fs;..

xU tplaj;ij Kf;fpakhf ,q;F Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ rpj;jputij nra;Ak; thdth;fs;

rpwpjsNtDk; mePjp nra;a khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; tpUk;Gk; tifapy; Ntjid
nra;thh;fs;. ,iwtdpd; ePjpapd; fhuzkhf> ,e;j thdth;fs;> ,iwtDf;F fl;Lg;gl;lth;fshf
,e;j flikia re;Njh\j;Jld; nra;thh;fs;.
eufj;jpy; cshPjpahd Ntjid
,Jtiu eufj;jpd; cly; hPjpahd Ntjidia gw;wp ghh;Njhk;. ,j;jifa cly; hPjpahd
rpj;jputijia Nghd;W cshPjpahd NtjidAk; eufj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. ftiy, Nftyk;,
ek;gpf;ifapd;ik, tUj;jk;, Nkhrkhf elj;jg;gLtij gw;wpa rpe;jid, Nghd;w Ntjidfspd;
fhuzkhf ,e;j czh;Tfs; Vw;gLk;.

neUg;G ,jaj;ij njhLk;

VNjh xUtifapy; xt;nthUtUk; cshPjpahd Ntjiddfis mDgtpf;fpNwhk;. cjhuzkhf
neUq;fpa ez;gh;, tho;if Jiz, Foe;ijfs; ,og;gJ my;yJ kpfTk; ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa xUtuhy;
Vkhw;wg;gLtJ Nghd;w fhuzq;fspd; %yk; jhq;f Kbahj ftiyailfpNwhk;. cz;ikapy; ,e;j
ftiyahdJ xUth; ,we;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ ek;gpf;if JNuhfk; nra;Ak; NghJ mjw;F gfukhf
,iwtd; ,j;jifa tpNrl Jd;gq;fis xUtuJ kdjpy; Vw;gLj;Jfpwhd;. xt;nthUtuJk; Ra
Njitfs; md;G, ghuhl;L, gak;, ek;gpf;if, el;G Nghd;w czh;Tfis nfhz;L ,iwtDf;F
ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,ij nra;a jtWtNjhL ,e;j czh;Tfis kw;wth;fs;, mjhtJ mth;fSk;
,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;L ,iwtdJ md;ig ehLfpwth;fshf ,Ug;gjhy;, NtWtifapy;
$Wtjhdhy;, ,iwtDf;F ,iz fw;gpg;gJ, mjdhy; ,e;j Ntjid Vw;gLfpwJ. rpiy tzf;fk;
Ghpe;jth;fs; ,j;jifa Ntjidia Ritg;ghh;fs;. MfNt mth;fs; ,jpypUe;J gbg;gpid ngw;W
mth;fs; kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dhy; ,iwtdplk; kd;dpg;G Nfl;L ,iwtd; ghy; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;.
,iwtdJ ,izahf rpiyfis kl;Lk; fUj $lhJ. khwhf kf;fshy; Nerpf;f glf;$ba
nrhj;Jfs;> gzk;, Gfo;> Gijay; Nghd;witfs;> RUq;f $wpdhy ,iwtid jtph;eJ ,iwtid
tpl mjpfkhf Nerpf;fg;gl $ba midj;Jk; ,iwtDf;F vjpuhd rpiyfshfNt fUjg;gLk;.

,e;j cyfpy; ,j;jifa rpiyfspy; xd;iw ,og;gjhy; xUtuJ cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gLk; NtjidahdJ
xUtd; eufj;jpy; mDgtpf;f NghFk; Ntjidapd; rpW nts;Nshl;lkhFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ xU
vr;rhpf;ifahFk;. eufj;jpy;> rpiy tzaq;fpatUf;F cz;ikahd Kbtpy;yhj Ntjid
fhj;jpUf;fpwJ. rpyNtis ,e;j cshPjpahd Ntjid kpf fLikahfp> cly; hPjpahd NtjidNa
guthapy;iy vd;W epidg;ghd;. je;nfhiy %yk; jg;gpf;f vz;Zthd;. ,e;j cshPjpahd Ntjidia
gw;wp Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mij Fh;Md; “ ,jaj;ij njhLk; neUg;G vd;W
th;zpf;fpwJ;

Fiw nrhy;ypg; Gwk; Ngrpj; jphpAk; xt;nthUtDf;Fk; NfLjhd;. (mj;jifatd;

nry;tNk rhRtjnkd vz;zpg;) nghUisr; Nrfhpj;J vz;zpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
epr;rakhfj;> jd; nghUs; jd;id (cyfpy; epj;jpadhf) vd;Wk; epiyj;jpUf;fr;
nra;Ankd;W mtd; vz;Zfpwhd;. mg;gbay;y> epr;rakhf mtd; `{jkhtpy;
vwpag;gLthd;. `{jkh vd;d vd;gij ckf;F mwptpj;jJ vJ? mJ vhpe;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; my;yh`;tpd; neUg;ghFk;. mJ (clypy; gl;lJk;) ,Ujaq;fspy; ghAk;.
epr;rakhf mJ mtHfisr; #o;e;J %l;lg;gLk;. ePz;l fk;gq;fspy; (mtHfs;
fl;lg;gl;ltHfshf). (]_wh my;-`{k]h:1-9)

cyfpYs;s kpf gaq;fukhd Ntjid rpyfhyq;fspy; kiwe;J NghFk;. mjd; tLf;fs; rpyNtis
vQ;rpapUe;j NghjpYk; kpf gaq;fukhd tLf;fs; kiwe;J tpLk;. eufj;jpy;> ,ij tpl nfhba Ntjid
epuhfhpg;ghsdpd; ,jaj;ij Jisapl;L cs;Ns nrd;W mq;F epue;jukhf jq;fp tpLk;.

,J jtpu cshPjpahd Ntjid ek;gpf;ifapd;ik, Nftyk;, ntWg;G Nghd;w czh;TfSf;F kj;jpapy;

xUtifahd kd cisr;ris Vw;gLj;Jk;. cly; hPjpahd NtjidfSf;F ve;jtifapYk; Fiwtpd;wp
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; nfhLikahd cshPjpahd Ntjidf;F js;sg;gLthh;fs;.
Nftyk;
gy trdq;fs; eufthrpfSf;F ,opthd Nftykhd Ntjidfs; eufj;jpy; fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd
vd;W nrhy;fpd;wd. mJ mth;fspd; klik kw;Wk; ngUik fhuzkhf mth;fSf;F fpilj;j ghprhFk;.

,e;j cyfpy; kw;wth;fs; jd;id ghh;j;J nghwhik gl;L jdJ r%f me;j];J kw;Wk; jd;ikfis
ghuhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; epuhfhpg;ghsdpd; Kf;fpakhd ,yf;Ffspy; xd;whFk;. rpwe;j njhopy;>
Foe;ijfs;> mofhd tPL> thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; mij Nghd;w cyf tplaq;fs; xUtDf;F jd;id
Kd;dpiy gLj;Jtjpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; miltij ghh;f;fpNwhk;. cz;ikapy; Fh;Mdpy; xUtdJ nrhj;J
Rfq;fis nfhz;L ngUik mbg;gij ,e;j cyfpd; tPzhz nray;fspy; xd;W vd;W
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ngUik ghuhl;LtjhdJ kWikapy; cly;hPjpahd kw;Wk; Nftykhd Ntjidahf khWk;. mjw;F

fhuzk;, epuhfhpg;ghsd;> GfOf;nfy;yhk; chpatDkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd; “(]_wh my;-gfwh:267)
vd;gij kwe;J tpl;lhd;. NkYk; jd; (,opthd) ,r;iriaNa jd; nja;tkhf vLj;Jf;
nfhz;ltid;. (]_wh my;-Gh;fhd;:43). ,jd; fhuzkhf mtd; ,iwtid Jjpg;gjpYk;
Gfo;tjpypUe;Jk; jtph;e;J jdf;F ed;kjpg;ig ngWtjpNyNa jdJ Neuq;fis nrytpl;lhd;.
,iwtdJ mq;fPfhuj;ij ngWtij tpl;Lk; tpyfp kw;w kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;ig ngWtjpNyNa jdJ
tho;it nrytpl;lhd;. ,jdhy; jhd; kw;wth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; Nftyg;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ cile;J
Nghfpwhd;.

kw;wth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; Nftyg;gLj;jg;gLtJ jhd; epuhfhpg;ghsid nghWj;jtiuapy; gaq;fukhd

nrayhFk;. rpy kf;fs; ,opTgLtij tpl ey;y epiyapNyNa kuzpg;gij tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j
eufthrpfspd; ,e;j epiyf;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; mth;fspd; jw;ngUikahFk;. ,jw;F Kd;dhy;
,e;jstpw;F Nftyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f khl;lhh;fs;. ,ij gw;wp gy trdq;fs; $WtjhtJ:

md;wpAk; (euf) neUg;gpd; Kd; epuhfhpg;gtHfs; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; ehspy;> 'cq;fs; cyf

tho;f;ifapd; NghJ cq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;j kzkhd nghUl;fisnay;yhk;> tPz; nryT
nra;J> (cyf) ,d;gk; NjbdPHfs;> 'MfNt ePq;fs; G+kpapy; mepahakhfg; ngUikabj;Jf;
nfhz;Lk;> tuk;G kPwp (tho;e;J) nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> ,opT jUk; Ntjidia ,d;W
ePq;fs; $ypahff; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwPHfs;" (vd;W mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-
m`;fhg;:20)

,d;Dk;> mtHfis (clDf;Fld; jz;bf;fhky;) ehk; jhkjpg;gJ (me;j) fh/gpHfSf;F -

epuhfhpg;gtHfSf;F - ey;yJ vd;W mtHfs; fUj Ntz;lhk; (jz;lidia) ehk;
mtHfSf;Fj; jhkjg; gLj;Jtnjy;yhk; mtHfs; ghtj;ij mjpfkhf;Ftjw;Nf jhd; -
mtHfSf;F ,opT jUk; NtjidAk; cz;L. (]_wh My-,k;whd;: 178)

epuhfpg;ghshfs; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhz mtkhdq;fSf;F cs;shthh;fs; ,t;TyfpYs;s tpyq;Ffs;

,ij tpl FiwthfNt ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wd. ,Uk;G rhl;ilfs;> rq;fpypfs; Nghd;witfs;
mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ek;gpf;ifaw;wth;fs; Jhz;fspy; rq;fpypfshy;
fl;lg;gLthh;fs;.

cz;ikapy; vy;yh NtjidfspdJk; Kf;fpa fUg;nghUs; mtkhdg;gLj;JtjhFk;. cjhuzkhf,

mth;fs; neUg;gpy; tPrg;gLtjd; %yk; mtd; mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gLfpwhd;. epuhfhpg;ghsd; caph;njOe;J
eufj;jpw;F nry;thd; vd;W jPh;g;gspf;fg;l;l me;j fdk; Kjy; ,e;j nfhLikahd Ntjidfs;
Muk;gpj;JtpLk;. NkYk; ,e;j jz;lid xUNghJk; Fiwtjpy;iy.

vdNt> me;ehspy; kdpjHfsplNkh> [pd;fsplNkh> mtHfSila ghtj;ijg; gw;wp> (tha;

nkhopahff;) Nfl;fg;glkhl;lhJ. .Fw;wthspfs;> mtHfSila (Kff;Fwp) milahsq;fis
nfhz;Nl mwpag;gLthHfs; - mg;NghJ (mtHfSila) Kd; new;wp cNuhkq;fSk;> fhy;fSk;
nfhz;L gpbf;fg;gLthHfs; (]_wh mh;-u`;khd;: 39-41)
eufj;jpy; tpyq;Ffis tpl NkhrkhditfshfNt elj;jg;gLthh;fs;. mth;fsJ Kbia gpbj;J>
jiuapy; ,Oj;J nry;yg;gl;L eufj;jpy; tPrg;gLthh;fs;. mij jLf;f Kbahky; cjtpia ehLthd;.
MdhYk; mtd; mij ngw;W nfhs;s khl;lhd;. eph;fjpahd czh;T Ntjidia $l;Lk;.

mg;gbay;y: mtd; tpyfpf; nfhs;stpy;iyahdhy;> epr;rakhf ehk; (mtDila) Kd;ndw;wp

Nuhkj;ijg; gpbj;J mtid ,Og;Nghk;. jtwpioj;J ngha;Aiuf;Fk; Kd;ndw;wp Nuhkj;ij>
MfNt> mtd; jd; rigNahiu miof;fl;Lk;. ehKk; euff; fhtyhspfis miog;Nghk;.
(]_wh my;-myf;:15-18)

vtHfs; eufj;jpw;Fj; jq;fs; Kfk; Fg;Gw (,Oj;Jr; nry;yg; ngw;W) xd;W NrHf;fg;
gLthHfNsh> mtHfs; jq;Fkplj;jhy; kpfTk; nfl;ltHfs; ghijahy; nghpJk; top
nfl;ltHfs;. (]_wh my;-Gh;fhd;: 34)

xw;Wik
,d;Dk;: vtH jPikiaf; nfhz;L tUfpwhNuh mtHfSila Kfq;fs; Fg;Gw (euf) neUg;gpy;
js;sg;gLk; 'ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jtw;Wf;F md;wp (NtW) ePq;fs; $yp
nfhLf;fg;gLtPHfsh?" (vd;W $wg;gLk;.) (]_wh md;-ek;y;: 90)

mtHfSila Kfq;fspd; kPJ mtHfs; eufj;jpw;F ,Oj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk; ehspy;> 'euf

neUg;Gj; jPz;Ltijr; Ritj;Jg; ghUq;fs;" (vd;W mtHfSf;F $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-fkh;:
48)

Nftykhf elj;jg;gLtJ xU fl;lj;jpy; mjpfhf;Fk;. cly;hPhpahd typfis jtph;e;J> mtkhd

czh;Tfs; eufthrpfis NkYk; Nrhh;tila nra;Ak;.

mtid gpbAq;fs;. eufj;jpd; ika gFjpf;F mtid ,Oj;J nry;Yq;fs;. gpd;dh; Ntjid
jUk; nfhjpj;j ePiu mtd; jiyf;F Nky; Cw;Wq;fs; (vd;W euf fhtyhspfSf;F $wg;gLk;.
mj;Jld; eufpYs;s ghtpfsplk;). Ritj;J ghh;. epr;rakhf eP jhd; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fhpatd;.
Rq;iff;Fhpatd; (vd;W Vsdkhf $wg;gLk;). epr;rakhf ,J vjid nfhz;L ePq;fs;
re;Njfk; nfhz;bUe;jPh;fNsh mJthFk;. (vd;W $wg;gLk;.) (]_wh mj;-Jfhd;: 47-50)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tpNrlkhf rhl;ilfSk; rq;fpypfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;..

'(mg;NghJ) mtidg; gpbj;J> gpwF mtDf;F mhpfz;lKk; (tpyq;Fk;) khl;Lq;fs;." 'gpd;>

mtid eufj;jpy; js;Sq;fs;. 'gpd;dH> vOgJ Ko ePsKs;s rq;fpypahy; mtidf; fl;Lq;fs;"
(vd;W cj;jutplg;gLk;). 'epr;rakhf mtd; kfj;Jtkpf;f my;yh`;tpd; kPJ <khd;
nfhs;shjpUe;jhd;." 'md;wpAk;> mtd; ViofSf;F(j; jhDk; cztspf;ftpy;iy> gpwiuAk;)
cztspf;fj; J}z;ltpy;iy." (]_wh my;-`hf;fh:30-34)

,e;j cyfj;jpy;> gaq;fu tpyq;FfSf;F kl;LNk tpyq;fplg;gLk;. mij Nghd;W kdpjh;fspy;

Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj kw;Wk; Nkhrkhf Gj;jp Ngjypj;jth;fs; kl;LNk tpyq;fplg;gLthh;fs;. eufj;jpy;
tPrg;gLth;fs; jhd; gilg;GfspNyNa Nkhrkhd gilg;ghFk;. mjhdhy; jhd; mth;fs; NkYs;s
trdj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sij Nghd;W vOgJ Kok; rq;fpypahy; fl;lg;gLthh;fs;. kw;w trdq;fSk;
mth;fis te;jilAk; Nkhrkhd Ntjidfis gw;wp $WfpwJ.

mtHfSila fOj;Jfspy; Nkhtha;f;fl;ilfs; tiu mhpfz;lq;fSld; tpyq;FfSlDk;

,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L tug;gl;L nfhjpf;Fk; ePhpYk;> gpwF (euf)j; jPapYk; fhpf;fg;gLthHfs;. gpwF
mtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gLk;: '(my;yh`;itad;wp>) ePq;fs; (mtDf;F) ,izitj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jit vq;Nf?" vd;W. (]_wh my;-K/kpd;: 71-73)

(egpNa! ,e;epuhfhpg;Nghh; kWikaia ngha;ahf;FtJ gw;wp) ePh; Mr;rhpag;gKtPuhapd; epr;rakhf

ehq;fs; (,we;J) kz;zhf Mfptpl;lhYkh ehk; (kPz;Lk;) Gjpjhf gilf;fg;gLNthk; vd;W
 mth;fs; $wtJ jhd; Mr;rhpakhdjhFk;. mth;fs; jhk; jq;fsJ ,iwtid epuhfhpj;jth;fs;.
NkYk; mth;fSila fOj;Jf;fspy; mhpfz;lq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,d;Dk; mth;fs; eufthrpNs!
mth;fs; mjpy; epue;jukhf jq;fpapUg;ghh;fs;. (]_wh mh;-uh/j;:5)

,d;Dk; me;ehspy; rq;fpypfshy; gpizf;fg;gl;ltHfshff; Fw;wthspfis ePH fhz;gPH.

mtHfSila Milfs; jhuhy; (fPy; vz;izapdhy;) Mfp ,Uf;Fk; ,d;Dk; mtHfSila
Kfq;fis neUg;G %b ,Uf;Fk;. my;yh`; xt;NthH Mj;khTf;Fk; mJ rk;ghjpj;jjw;fhd $yp
nfhLg;gjw;fhfNt (mtHfis my;yh`; ,t;thW nra;thd;.) epr;rakhf my;yh`; Nfs;tp
fzf;Ff; Nfl;gjpy; kpfTk; jPtpukhdtd;. (]_wh ,Gwh`Pk;:49-51)

(K/kpd;fSk;> K/kpd;fsy;yhjtUkhd) ,U jug;ghUk; jk; ,iwtidg; gw;wpj; jHf;fpf;fpd;wdH

Mdhy; vtH (,iwtid) epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh mtHfSf;F neUg;gpypUe;J Milfs;
jhahhpf;fg;gLk; nfhjpf;Fk; ePH mtHfs; jiyfspd; Nky; Cw;wg;gLk;. mijf; nfhz;L
mtHfSila tapWfspYs;sitAk;> Njhy;fSk; cUf;fg;gLk,d;Dk; mtHfSf;fhf
,Uk;gpdhyhd jz;lq;fSk; cz;L. (]_wh my;-`[;:19-21)

mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisT eufthrpfspd; Kfq;fspy; njhpAk;. Nkhrkhd tpahjpAs;sth;fs;

mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;L Nkhrkhf elj;jg;gLtij ,e;j cyfj;jpy; ghhf;f $bajhf ,UR;fpwJ.
eufj;jpy; mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisit eufthrpfspd; Njhw;wj;ij khw;Wk; vd;W fPo; tUk;
trdk; $WfpwJ.

me;ehspy; rpy Kfq;fs; ,opTgl;bUf;Fk;. (]_wh my;-fh\pah:2)

,Jtiu ehk; $wpa mtkhdq;fis kl;Lky;yhJ NtWtifahd mtkhdq;fSk; eufj;jpy;

fl;ltpo;jg;gLk; vd;gij epidtpy; itj;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Fh;Mdpy;> mtkhdk; vd;w nrhy;
$wg;gl;l NghjpYk; rpy cjhuzq;fNs jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,e;j nrhy;Yf;F gue;j fUj;Jfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;w NghjpYk; mij ehk; rpy cjhuzq;fis nfhz;L kl;Lg;gLj;j KbahJ. ,e;j
cyfj;jpy; kdpjdJ Md;khNthL njhlh;Gila midj;J czh;Tfs;> eltbf;iffs; my;yJ
epfo;Tfs; midj;Jk; eufj;jpYk; fpilf;Fk;.

jpUk;g ngw Kbahj ftiy

mtd; caph;njOe;j me;j Neuj;jpy; epuhfhpg;ghsd; mtd; nra;j jtiw czh;e;J nfhs;thd;. mtdJ
Nkhrkhd jtwhy; Vw;gl;l ftiy mtid Nkhrkhf thl;b vLf;Fk;. mtdJ Nkhrkhd epiyahdJ
mtdJ Mokhd ftiyahy; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

epuhfhpg;ghsd; mtd; cyfj;jpy; nra;j nray;fis ghh;f;Fk; NghJ> ,e;j tho;ifapy; vt;tpj
khpahijiaAk; Vw;gLj;j ve;j re;jh;gKk; fpilahJ vd;gij czh;e;J nfhs;thd;. ,Ug;gpDk; mtd;
,d;ndhU re;jh;gk; jUkhW Nfl;ghd;. ,e;j Md;khNthL mtdJ gioa tho;iff;F jpUk;gp mtdJ
ghtj;jpw;F kd;dpg;ig ngw;W nfhs;s tpUk;Gthd;. mtd; Kd;G vy;iyapy;yh ,d;gkhd tho;ifia
mDgtpj;j mtdJ ez;gh;fisNah my;yJ md;Gf;Fhpath;fisNah re;jpf;f tpUk;g khl;lhd;.
midj;J el;GfSk;> ge;jq;fSk;> mWe;J tpLk;. kf;fs; tho;tpy; gpd;gw;Wk; tho;if Kiwfs; kw;Wk;
fyhr;rhuq;fs;> mth;fs; tpah;it rpe;jp fl;ba tPLfs;> thfdq;fs;> ,y;yw Jizfs;> Foe;ijfs;>
mYtyfq;fs;> mth;fs; Mjhpf;Fk; nfhs;if Nfhl;ghLfs; midj;Jk; mjd; kjpg;igAk;
nry;thf;ifAk; ,oe;JtpLk;. mitfs; Ntjidfshy; khw;wPL nra;ag;gLk;. md;iwa jpdk; Vw;gLk;
gaj;ij gw;wp ,t;thW $wg;gLfpwJ.

euf neUg;gpd;Kd; mtHfs; epWj;jg;gLk;NghJ (egpNa!) ePH mtHfisg; ghHg;gPuhapd;> 'vq;fs;

NfNl! ehq;fs; jpUk;g (cyfj;jpw;F) mDg;gl;lhy; (eykhf ,Uf;FNk) mg;nghOJ ehq;fs;
vq;fspd; ,iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfisg; ngha;g;gpf;f khl;Nlhk; ehq;fs; K/kpd;fshf ,Ug;Nghk;"
vdf; $Wtijf; fhz;gPH. vdpDk;> vij ,tHfs; Kd;G kiwj;jpUe;jhHfNsh mJ
,tHfSf;F ntspg;gl;L tpl;lJ ,tHfs; (cyfj;jpw;Fj;) jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;lhYk; vij tpl;L
mtHfs; jLf;fg;gl;lhHfNsh mjw;Nf kPSthHfs; epr;rakhf mtHfs; ngha;aHfNs. md;wpAk;>
',t;Tyfj;jpy; ehk; tho;e;jpUg;gijj; jtpu (mg;ghy; kWik tho;T vd;W) xd;Wk; ,y;iy
ehk; (kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; kWgbAk;) vOg;gg; gl khl;Nlhk;" vd;Wk; mtHfs; $Wfpd;wdH.
 ,tHfs; (capHg;gpf;fg;gl;L) ,tHfSila ,iwtdpd; Kd; epWj;jg;gLk;NghJ ,tHfis ePH
fhz;gPuhapd; (mJ rkak; ,iwtd; Nfl;ghd;) ,J cz;ikay;yth? vd;W "Mk;! vq;fSila
ug;gpd; kPJ Mizahf (nka;jhd;)" vd;W ,tHfs; $WthHfs; mg;NghJ> 'ePq;fs; epuhfhpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy; Ntjidia mDgtpAq;fs;" vd;W my;yh`; $Wthd;. (]_wh my;-
md;Mk;: 27-30)

eufthrpfSf;fpilNa Vw;gLk; thf;Fthjk;

,e;j cyfpy; kpf Kf;fpakhditfshf fUjg;gLfpd;w r%f me;j];JfSk; ghuk;ghpa tof;fq;fSk;
eufj;jpy; mjd; nry;thf;if ,oe;JtpLk;. mq;F kf;fSk; mth;fsJ jiyth;fSk; xUtUf;nfhUth;
rhgkpl;L nfhs;thh;fs;.

(,j;jtwhd topapy;) ahiug; gpd;gw;wpdhHfNsh m(j;jiy)tHfs; jk;ikg; gpd;gw;wpNahiuf;

iftpl;L tpLthHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; Ntjidiaf; fhz;ghHfs; mtHfspilNaapUe;j
njhlHGfs; ahTk; mWgl;LtpLk;. (mj;jiytHfisg;) gpd;gw;wpatHfs; $WthHfs;: 'ekf;F
(cyfpy; tho) ,d;ndhU tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fkhdhy;> m(j;jiy)tHfs; ek;ikf; iftpl;L
tpl;lijg; Nghy; ehKk; mtHfisf; iftpl;L tpLNthk;." ,t;thNw my;yh`; mtHfs; nra;j
nray;fis mtHfSf;Fg; ngUe;Jf;fk; mspg;gjhf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthd; md;wpAk;> mtHfs; euf
neUg;gpdpd;Wk; ntspNaWfpwtHfSk; my;yH. (]_wh my;-gfwh: 166-167)

neUg;gpy; mtHfSila Kfq;fs; Gul;lg;gLk; me;ehspy;> 'M! if NrjNk! my;yh`;Tf;F

ehq;fs; topg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;LNk ,j;J}jUf;Fk; ehq;fs; topg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;LNk!" vd;W
$WthHfs;. 'vq;fs; ,iwth! epr;rakhf ehq;fs; vq;fs; jiytHfSf;Fk;> vq;fs;
nghpatHfSf;Fk; topg;gl;Nlhk; mtHfs; vq;fis top nfLj;Jtpl;lhHfs;" vd;Wk; mtHfs;
$WthHfs;. 'vq;fs; ,iwth! mtHfSf;F ,U klq;F Ntjidiaj; jUthahf mtHfisg;
ngUQ; rhgj;ijf; nfhz;L rgpg;ghahf" (vd;gH). (]_wh my;-m`;]hg;: 66-68)

xUtUf;nfhUth; thf;Fthjk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; NghJ mth;fs; $Wthh;fs; ,iwtd; kPj

rj;jpakhf, ehq;fs; cq;fis midj;J cyfq;fspdJk; ,iwtNdhL ,izahf;Ftjd; %yk;
topjtwp tpl;Nlhk;. jPik nra;gth;fs; vq;fis topjtw nra;J tpl;lhh;fs;. ,g;NghJ vq;fis
fhg;ghw;Wgth;fs; ahUk; ,y;iy. vq;fSf;F xU cz;ikahd ez;gDk; ,y;iy. vq;fSf;F
,d;ndhU re;jh;gk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; ehq;fs; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSld; ,Ug;Nghk;! “

mjpy; epr;rakhf Xh;mj;jhl;rp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fspy; gyh; tpRthrk; nfhs;tjpy;iy

(]_wh m\;-\{mwh: 96-103)

eufthrpfs; epue;ju Ntjidia mDgtpf;Fk; nghOJ mq;F thf;Fthjk; Vw;gLk;. xUth; kw;wth;
kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;Jthhfs;;. neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs; xUtiu xUth; ntWg;ghh;fs;. ,j;jifa ntWg;G
Vw;gl fhuzk; mth;fs; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa el;ghFk;. xUth; kw;wtiw ghtk; nra;a
Jhz;baJk; epuhfhpg;gpy; cjtpaJkhFk;. euf neUg;gpy; el;G rk;gejkhd midj;J tpsf;fq;fSk;
kiwe;J ,e;j tho;ifapYs;s midj;J ge;jq;fSk; cile;JtpLk;. ,e;j $l;lj;jpw;F kj;jpapy;,
vy;NyhUk; jdpikia czh;thh;fs;> mth;fs; kw;wth;fis J}w;Wthh;fs;.

(my;yh`;) $Wthd;: '[pd;fs;> kdpjHfs; $l;lj;jhHfspypUe;J cq;fSf;F Kd;

nrd;wtHfSld; ePq;fSk; (euf) neUg;gpy; EioAq;fs;." xt;nthU $l;lj;jhUk;> eufj;jpy;
EioAk;Nghnjy;yhk;> (jq;fSf;F Kd;> mq;F te;Js;s) jk; ,dj;jhiur; rgpg;ghHfs;
mtHfs; ahtUk; eufj;ijaile;J tpl;l gpd;dH> gpd; te;jtHfs; Kd; te;jtHfisg;gw;wp>
'vq;fs; ,iwtNd! ,tHfs; jhd; vq;fis top nfLj;jhHfs; Mjyhy; ,tHfSf;F eufj;jpy;
,U klq;F Ntjidiaf; nfhL" vd;W nrhy;thHfs;. mtd; $Wthd;: 'cq;fspy;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ,ul;bg;G (Ntjid) cz;L - Mdhy; ePq;fs; mij mwpakhl;BHfs;."
(]_wh my;-Mug;: 38)

vq;fs; ,iwtNd! [pd;fs;> kdpjh;fspypUe;J vq;fis topnfLj;Jtpl;l ,UrhuhiuAk;

vq;fSf;F eP fhz;gpg;ghahf. mt;tpUtUk; jho;e;Njhh;fspy; MfptpLtjw;fhf, mt;tpUtiuAk;
 ehq;fs; vq;fs; ghjq;fSf;F fPo; Mf;FNthk; vd;W epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; $Wthh;fs;. (]_wh
G];]pyj;: 29)

mtHfs; euf neUg;gpy; jHf;fk; nra;J nfhz;L> gy`PdHfs; ngUik mbj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;Njhiu Nehf;fp: 'epr;rakhf ehq;fs; cq;fisg; gpd;gw;WgtHfshf ,Ue;Njhk; -
vdNt> vq;fis tpl;Lk; ,e;neUg;gpypUe;J xU gFjpiaahtJ tpyf;fp itg;gPHfshf?" vd;W
mtHfs; nrhy;Yk; Ntisia (epidTl;LtPuhf!). (mg;NghJ:) 'epr;rakhf ehk; vy;NyhUNk
,jpypUf;fpNwhk; epr;rakhf my;yh`; (jd;) mbahHfSf;fpilapy; jPHg;Gr; nra;J tpl;lhd;"
vd;W ngUik mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfs; $WthHfs;. (]_wh my;-K/kpd;: 47-48)

(eufthjpfspd; jiytHfsplk;:) ',J cq;fSld; neUq;fpf; nfhz;L (eufk;) GFk;

NridahFk; ,tHfSf;F mq;F rq;if ,Uf;fhJ epr;rakhf ,tHfs; eufpy; NrHgtHfs;"
(vd;W $wg;gLk;). mjw;F mtHfs;: 'mg;gbay;y> ePq;fSk; jhd;! cq;fSf;Fk; rq;if
fpilahJ! ePq;fs; jhk; vq;fSf;F ,ij (,e; epiyia) Kw;gLj;jp itj;jPHfs; (Mjyhy; ek;
,U $l;lj;jhUf;Fk;) jq;Fkplk; kpfTk; nfl;lJ!" vd;W $WtH. 'vq;fs; ,iwth! vtH
vq;fSf;F ,ij (,e;epiyia) Kw;gLj;jp itj;jhNuh mtUf;F eufj;jpd; Ntjidia ,U
klq;fhf mjpfg;gLj;Jthahf!" vd;W mtHfs; $WtH. ,d;Dk;> mtHfs;: 'ekf;F vd;d
NeHe;jJ? kpff; nfl;l kdpjHfspYs;stHfs; vd;W ehk; vz;zpf; nfhz;bUe;NjhNk> mtHfis
(eufj;jpy;) Vd; fhztpy;iy? 'ehk; mtHfisg; ghpfhrk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;Njhkh? my;yJ
(mtHfisf; fhzKbahjthW) mtHfis tpl;Lk; ek; ghHitfs; rUfp tpl;ldth?" vd;W
$WtH. epr;rakhf ,J jhd; cz;ik. eufthrpfs; (,t;thW jhd;) xUtNuhL xUtH jHf;fk;
nra;J nfhs;thHfs;. (]_wh ]hj;: 59-64)

eph;fjpahd epiyapy; kd;whl;lk;

eufthrpfs; ek;gpf;ifaw;W ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; rpj;jputijfs; NkhrkhditfshfTk;
Kbtw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. mth;fSf;F mOJ ,ul;rpg;ig NjLtJ kl;LNk njhpe;j XNu topahf
,Uf;Fk;. mth;fs; Rth;fj;jpYs;sth;fis ghh;j;J mth;fsplk; czT kw;Wk; jz;zPh; Nfl;ghh;fs;.
mth;fs; tUe;jp ,iwtdplk; kd;dpg;G Nfl;ghh;fs;. Mdhy; ,it midj;Jk; tPzhd nray;fshf
,Uf;Fk;.

mth;fs; eufj;jpd; nghUg;ghsh;fsplk; kd;whLthh;fs;. jq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtDf;Fk; ,ilapy;

kj;jpa];juhf ,Ue;J ,iwtdJ mUis ngw;Wnfhs;s cjTkhW kd;whLthh;fs;. mjd; Ntjid
jhq;fp nfhs;s Kbahjstpw;F ,Ug;gjhy; Fiwe;jJ mjpypUe;J xNuxU ehs; fhj;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lthh;fs;.

',t;Ntjidia xU ehisf;F (kl;LkhtJ) vq;fSf;F ,Nyrhf;Fk;gb cq;fs;

,iwtdplj;jpy; gpuhHj;jid nra;Aq;fs;" vd;W (euf) neUg;gpy; ,Ug;gtHfs; eufj;jpd;
fhtyhspfis Nehf;fp $WthHfs;. 'cq;fs; u]_y;fs; (J}jHfs;) cq;fsplk; njspthd
mj;jhl;rpfSld; tutpy;iyah?" vd (mf;fhtyhspfs;) Nfl;ghHfs;. 'Mk;! epr;rakhf" vd
mtHfs; gjpy; $WthHfs;. 'mt;thwhapd; ePq;fNs gpuhHj;jid nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W
mtHfs; $WtH. Mdhy; fh/gpHfspd; gpuhHj;jid top Nfl;bypy;yhky; ,y;iy. (]_wh my;-
K/kpd;: 49-50)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kd;dpg;ig ngw Jbg;ghh;fs;, Mdhy; mth;fs; fz;bg;ghd Kiwapy; jl;b

fopf;fg;gLthh;fs;.

'vq;fs; ,iwtNd! vq;fis vq;fSila JHghf;fpak; kpifj;Jtpl;lJ ehq;fs; topjtwpa

$l;lj;jpdH Mfptpl;Nlhk;" vd;W mtHfs; $WthHfs;. 'vq;fs; ,iwtNd! eP vq;fis ,(e;
eufj;)ij tpl;L ntspNaw;Wthahf! jpUk;gTk; (ehq;fs; ghtk; nra;a) Kw;gl;lhy; epr;rakhf
ehq;fs; mepahaf;fhuHfs;!" (vd;Wk; $WtH.) (mjw;ftd;) 'mjpNyNa ,ope;J fplq;fs;
vd;Dld; NgrhjPHfs;!" vd;W $Wthd;. epr;rakhf vd;Dila mbahHfspy; xU gphptpdH
'vq;fs; ,iwth! ehq;fs; cd; kPJ <khd; nfhs;fpNwhk; eP vq;fs; Fw;wq;fis kd;dpj;J>
vq;fs; kPJ fpUig nra;thahf! fpUigahsHfspnyy;yhk; eP kpfTk; Nkyhdtd;" vd;W
gpuhHj;jpg;gtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. mg;NghJ ePq;fs; mtHfisg; ghpfhrj;jpw;F chpatHfshf
Mf;fpf; nfhz;BHfs;> vJ tiunadpd; vd; epidNt cq;fSf;F kwf;fyhapw;W ,d;Dk;
mtHfisg; gw;wp ePq;fs; Vsdkhf eifj;Jf; nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jPHfs;. epr;rakhf> mtHfs;
 nghWikaha; ,Ue;jjw;fhf mtHfSf;F ehd; (mjw;Fhpa) ew;$ypiaf;
nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; epr;rakhf mtHfNs ntw;wpahsHfs;!" (]_wh my;-K/kpDhd;: 106-111)

,J jhd; ,iwtd; eufthrpfSf;F nrhy;Yk; filrp thh;ijfshFk;. mtdJ thh;ijfshd

,opthdth;fshf ,q;F ,Uq;fs;. vd;dplk; vijAk; Nfl;fhjPh;fs; vd;gJ ,Wjpahdit. md;W Kjy;
,iwtd; eufthrpfis ghh;f;fTk; khl;lhd;. ,e;j Nkhrkhd epfo;it xUtd; rpe;jpj;J $l ghh;f;ff;
$lhJ.

Fw;wthspfs; eufj;jpy; vhpe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;> ,d;gj;ijAk; ,ul;rpg;igAk; mile;jth;fs;

vy;yaw;w ew;NgWfis mDgtpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpg;ghh;fs;. Rth;f;fthrpfis fhz;gjd; fhuzkhf
eufj;jpYs;s kf;fspd; Ntjid ,d;Dk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; mth;fSf;F jhq;fp nfhs;s
Kbahj rpj;jputijfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk;> Rth;f;fj;jpd; kfj;Jtkpf;f mUs;fis mth;fshhy;
ghh;f;f KbAk;.

,e;j cyfj;jpy; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; vjph;j;j ek;gpf;ifahsh;fs;, kfj;Jtkpf;f ,lq;fspy;,

kfj;Jtkpf;f tPLfspy;> mofhd fd;dpg;ngz;fs;> Ritahd czitAk; ghdq;fisAk;
ghpkhw;f;$ba KOikahd ,d;gfukhd tho;ifia mDgtpg;ghh;fs;. mikjpahd epiwthd tho;ifia
thof;$ba ek;gpf;ifahdh;fspd; fhl;rp eufj;jpd; Nftyj;ij NkYk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,j;jifa fhl;rpfs;
mth;fspd; Ntjidia NkYk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

ftiy nkd;NkYk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. cyfj;jpy; thOk; nghOJ ,iwtdpd; fl;lisfis gpd;gw;whjjd;

rpe;jid mth;fis thl;b vLf;Fk;. mth;fs; Rth;f;fthrpfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp mth;fSld; Ngr
Kw;gLthh;fs;. mth;fs; cjtp kw;Wk; ,uf;fk; fhl;LkhW Nfl;ghh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; mit tPzhd
nray;fshFk;. Rth;f;fthrpfSk; mth;fis ghh;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW Ngrp nfhs;thh;fs;.

(mtHfs;) RtHf;fr; Nrhiyfspy; (,Ug;ghHfs; vdpDk;) tprhhpj;Jk; nfhs;thHfs;-

Fw;wthspfisf; Fwpj;J- 'cq;fis ]fH (eufj;jpy;) Eioa itj;jJ vJ?" (vd;W
Nfl;ghHfs;.) mtHfs; (gjpy;) $WthHfs;: 'njhOgtHfspy; epd;Wk; ehq;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
'md;wpAk;> ViofSf;F ehq;fs; czTk; mspf;ftpy;iy. '(tPzhdtw;wpy;) %o;fpf;fple;NjhUld;>
ehq;fSk; %o;fpf;fple;Njhk;. ',e;j epahaj; jPHg;G ehis ehq;fs; ngha;ahf;fpf; nfhz;Lk;
,Ue;Njhk;. 'cWjpahd (kuzk;) vq;fsplk; tUk;tiuapy; (,t;thwhf ,Ue;Njhk;" vdf;
$WtH). MfNt> rpghhpR nra;Nthhpd; ve;j rpghhpRk; mtHfSf;Fg; gadspf;fhJ.. (]_wh my;-
Kj;jjph;: 40-48)

mijNghd;W ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSk; eatQ;rfh;fSk; xUtUf;nfhUth; tpthjpj;J nfhs;thh;fs;.

eatQ;rfh;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwth;fs; rpyfhyq;fs; ek;gpf;ifahsh;fSld; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.
mth;fspd; ,jaj;jpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhkYk; mth;fsJ nrhe;j eyd;fSf;fhf ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis
Nghd;W tzf;f topghLfis nra;jhh;fs;. mjdhy; mth;fs; eatQ;rfh;fs; vd;w gjj;ij ngw;whh;fs;.
eufj;jpy; mth;fSf;F cjTkhW ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis Nfl;ghh;fs;. ,e;j ,uz;L rhuhh;fspdJk;
ciuahliy vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.

Kdh/gpf;fhd Mz;fSk;> Kdh/gpf;fhd ngz;fSk; <khd; nfhz;ltHfis Nehf;fp: 'vq;fis

ftdpAq;fs; cq;fs; xspapypUe;J ehq;fSk; gw;w itj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;" vd;W $Wk; jpdj;ij
(epidT+l;LtPuhf) mtHfSf;Ff; $wg;gLk;: 'cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;> jpUk;gpr; nrd;W gpd;dH xspiaj;
Njbf; nfhs;Sq;fs;." gpwF> mtHfSf;fpilNa xU RtH vOg;gg;gLk;! mjw;F xU thapy; ,Uf;Fk;
mjd; cl;Gwk; (,iw) u`;kj; ,Uf;Fk; Mdhy; mjd; ntspg;Gwj;jpy; - (vy;yhj;) jpirapYk;
NtjidapUf;Fk;. ,tHfs; (K/kpd;fisg; ghHj;J) ehq;fs; cq;fSld; ,Uf;ftpy;iyah?" vd;W
(me;j Kdh/gpf;Ffs;) rg;jkpl;Lf; $WthHfs; 'nka;jhd; vdpDk; ePq;fNs cq;fisr;
Nrhjidapyho;j;jp tpl;BHfs; (vq;fs; mopit) ePq;fs; vjpH ghHj;jPHfs; (,e;ehisg; gw;wpAk;)
re;NjfKk; nfhz;bUe;jPHfs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lis tUk; tiuapy; (cq;fSila tPz; Mirfs;
cq;fis kaf;fp tpl;ld md;wpAk; kaf;Fgt(dhd i\j;jh)d;> my;yh`;itg; gw;wp cq;fis
kaf;fpAk; tpl;lhd;" vd;Wk; (K/kpd;fs;) $WthHfs;. 'MfNt> ,d;W cq;fsplkpUe;Njh
epuhfhpj;jtHfsplkpUe;Njh (cq;fSf;Fhpa Ntjidf;Fg; gjpyhf) ve;j tifahd e\;l <Lk;
thq;fg;gl khl;lhJ cq;fSila jq;Fkplk; eufk; jhd; mJjhd; cq;fSf;Fj; Jiz - mJNth
nrd;wilAk; ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; kpff; nfl;ljhFk;" (vd;Wq; $wg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-`jPj;: 13-15)

vt;tpj ,ul;rpg;Gkpd;wp epue;ju Ntjid

ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l eufj;jpd; jd;ikfis jtph;e;J mjd; Ntjidapy; Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;fg;gl
Ntz;baJ> mJ epue;jukhdJ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j cyfpy;> kpff; fLikahd typAk; rpwpJ fhyk;
fle;j gpwF kdpjDf;F mikjpia jUk;. xt;nthU Nehtpw;F gpd;dhYk; Rfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk;
,e;j Rfj;jpw;fhf fhj;jpUg;gJk; ek;gpf;ifia jUk;.

eufj;jpy; ve;j ek;gpf;ifAk; fpilahJ. ,J jhd; eufthrpfis mjpkhf ghjpf;Fk;. mth;fs;

neUg;gpy; tPrp vwpag;gLk; NghJk;> tpyq;fplg;gl;L rhl;ilahy; mbf;fg;gl;l NghJk;> FWf;fyhd
,lj;jpy; milf;fg;gl;l NghJk;> mth;fsJ iffs; fOj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l NghJk; mth;fs; ,it
midj;Jk; epue;jukhdit vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. mth;fs; jg;gpf;f vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs;
midj;Jk; gydspf;fhJ. ,J mth;fsJ Ntjid epue;jukhdJ vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;Lk;. mth;fsJ
fsf;fj;ij gpd;tUkhW tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Jf;fj;jpdhy; mtHfs; m(e; eufj;)ij tpl;L ntspNaw tpUk;Gk; Nghnjy;yhk;> mjDs;Ns

jpUg;gg;gl;L> 'vhpf;Fk; Ntjidiar; RitAq;fs;" (vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;). (]_wh my;-`[;:22)

eufk; jdpikahd Xh; ,lkhFk;. mjpy; EioAk; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; epUk;g khl;lhh;fs;.

milf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;w czh;T epuhfhpg;ghsh;fis #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;.mth;fis Rth;fSk; G+l;lg;gl;l
fjTfSk; #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd re;jh;gj;ij Fh;Md; ,t;thW tpthpf;fpwJ.

Mdhy;> vtHfs; ek; trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhHfNsh> mtHfs; jhk; ,lg;gf;fj;ijAilNahH.

mtHfs; kPJ (vg;gf;fKk;) %lg;gl;l neUg;G ,Uf;fpwJ. (]_wh my;-gyj;: 19-20)

Rj;jpa (Ntjk;) cq;fSila ,iwtdplkpUe;J (te;J)s;sjhFk;. vdNt vth; ehLfpwhNuh

mth; ek;gpf;if nfhs;sl;Lk;. ,d;Dk; vth; ehLfpwhNuh mth; epuhfhpf;fl;Lk; vd;W (egpNa) ePh;
$WtPuhf. Mepahaf;fhuh;fSf;F epr;rakhf ehk; eufj;ij jahh; gLj;jpAs;Nshk;. mjDila
Rth;fs; mrh;fis #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;. ,d;Dk; mth;fs; KiwapLthh;fshapd; Kfq;fis Rl;L
nghRf;Fk; vz;izapd; mb kz;bia Nghd;w jz;zPiu nfhz;L mth;fspd; KiwaPL
epiwNtw;wg;gLk. mJ kpf nfl;l ghdkhFk;. ,d;Dk; ,isghw ,wq;Fkplj;jpy; mJ kpff;
nfl;lJ. (]_wh my;-f`;G: 29)

,j;jifNahUf;F eufNk xJq;FkplkhFk; mijtpl;Lj; jg;gpr; nry;y mtHfs;> xUtopiaAk;

fhz khl;lhHfs;. (]_wh md;-eprh: 121)

epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; euf neUg;ig fhZk; Neuj;jpy; mth;fs; mjw;F nrhe;jkhdth;fs; vd;gij Ghpe;J
nfhs;thh;fs;. mth;fs; me;j neUg;gpypUe;J xUNghJk; ve;j tifapYk; jg;gpf;f KbahJ vd;gij
ed;whf Ghpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. ,e;j re;jh;gj;jpy; Neuk; mjd; jhl;ghpaj;ij ,og;gNjhL xU epue;ju
Ntjid njhlq;fptpLk;. Kbtpy;yh Ntjidfs; kpf NkhrkhdjhFk;. gy EhW Mz;LfNsh my;yJ
Mapuk; Mz;LfNsh my;yJ gpy;ypad; fzf;fhd Mz;Lfs; fle;j NghJk; mjw;F Kbtp vd;gNj
fpilahJ. gy kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; mjw;F xg;ghf xd;Wkpy;iy. eufthrpahd epuhfhpg;ghsd; Kbit
vjph;ghh;j;J fhj;jpUg;ghd;. MdhYk; mjw;F gyd; fpilf;fhJ. mjdhy; jhd; eufj;jpd; epue;ju
jd;ikf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

eatQ;rfHfshd MltUf;Fk;> eatQ;rfHfshd ngz;bUf;Fk;> fh/gpHfSf;Fk; my;yh`; euf

neUg;igNa thf;fspj;Js;shd; mjpy; mtHfs; epiyahfj; jq;fp tpLthHfs; mJNt
mtHfSf;Fg; NghJkhdjhFk; ,d;Dk; my;yh`; mtHfisr; rgpj;Js;shd; - mtHfSf;F
epue;jukhd NtjidAKz;L. (]_wh mj;-jt;gh: 68)

,it nja;tq;fshf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> (me; eufj;jpw;F) te;J NrHe;jpUf;f khl;lh ,d;Dk;

midtUk; mjpy; epue;jukhapUg;gH. (]_wh my;-md;gpah: 99)

vtHfs; epuhfhpj;jhHfNsh> mtHfSf;F euf neUg;Gj;jhdpUf;fpwJ mtHfs; khpj;Jg;

NghFk;gbahf mtHfSila fhhpak; KbT nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ md;wpAk; me;(eufj;)jpYs;s
Ntjid mtHfSf;F ,Nyrhf;fg;glTk; khl;lhJ ,t;thNw fh/gpH xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ehk;
$ypnfhLg;Nghk;. (]_wh ghjph;: 36)
,e;j cyfpYs;s midj;J NtjidfSf;Fk; xU KbT ,Uf;fpwJ. Ntjidapd; fhuzkhf xUtd;
kuzpg;ghd; my;yJ Fzkilthd;. ,Ug;gpDk;> eufj;jpd; Ntjidfs; njhlh;r;rpahdJk;
Kbtpy;yhjJkhFk;. xU fdk; $l xU rpW MWjiyNah my;yJ xU rpW Rfj;ijNah juhJ.

rpj;jputijia tpl;Lk; jg;gpf;f Kf;fpakhd vr;rhpf;if

,e;j cyfj;jpy; ,iwtdJ fl;lisfis kWj;J ,iwtid kWg;gth;fSf;F kWikapy; vt;tpj

,ul;rpg;Gk; fpilahJ. mth;fs; eufj;jpd; Nkhrkhd Ntjidfis Ritf;f NehpLk; vd;gij ,e;j
Gj;jfj;ij gbg;gjd; %yk; typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mjdhy; Neuj;ij tPzhf;fhky; ,iwtdJ rd;dpjhdj;jpy; xt;nthUtUk; epw;f Ntz;bAs;sij gw;wp

rpe;jpj;J mtdplj;jpy; ruzila Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;why;, kpf gaq;fukhd Kbit re;jpf;f
NehpLk;.

jhq;fSk; K];ypk;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;LNk> vd;W fh/gpHfs; (kWikapy; nghpJk;)

Mirg;gLthHfs(,k;ikapy; jk; tpUg;gk; Nghy;) Grpj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> Rfk; mDgtpj;Jf;
nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;f mtHfis tpl;L tpLtPuhf mtHfSila tPzhd Mirfs;
(kWikapypUe;Jk;) mtHfisg; guhf;fhf;fp tpl;ld (,jd; gyidg; gpd;dH) mtHfs;
ed;fwpe;J nfhs;thHfs (]_wh my;-`p[;h;: 2-3)

epue;ju NtjidapypUe;J jg;gpj;J epue;ju ew;NgWfis mile;J ,iwtdJ jpUg;jpia ngwNtz;Lk;.

fhyk; tPzhf nrytopf;fhky;, ,iwtd; kPJ cz;ikahd ek;gpf;if itj;J mtdJ jpUg;jpia
ngWk; nghUl;L ey;y fhhpaq;fis nra;a Ntz;Lk;

(,iwth!) ePNa J}atd;. eP vq;fSf;Ff; fw;Wf;nfhLj;jit jtpu vijg;gw;wpAk;

vq;fSf;F mwpT ,y;iy. epr;rakhf ePNa Nguwpthsd; tpNtfkpf;Nfhd;.
(]_wh my;-gfwh: 32)