-1-

SECTION 1 - LESSON 1
event = suceso, acontecimiento, hecho clause = oracin hard = duro, duramente (adj. y adv.) hardly ever = casi nunca ever (adv.) = alguna vez, siempre, nunca timetable = horario vowel = vocal stressed = acentuada arrangement = preparativo fairly = bastante (= quite) annoyance = molestia, cabreo yard = patio sense = sentido, sensacin sign = seal entitled = titulado title = ttulo (to) entitle = titular (to) be entitled to = tener derecho a, (= to have the right to) illness = enfermedad (to) share = compartir (= to have a part in something) shares = acciones (comercio) (to) reject = rechazar (= to refuse/ turn down) upset = cabreado (to) succeed = tener buen xito, triunfar, salir bien (= to be successful) (to) be successful = tener xito (= to succeed) success-succeed-successful = xitotriunfar-exitoso (adj) teenager = joven adolescente (to) warn = avisar, alertar (to alert) (warn = advise) (expr.) I would not listen = yo no escuchaba in the end = al final at last = por/al fin actually = realmente, de hecho (to) starve = morir de hambre, padecer de hambre (= to be very hungry) (expr.) it took me a while = me llev un rato (expr.) nevertheless = no obstante, sin embargo troubled = perturbado staff = personal, plantilla support = apoyo, ayuda (to) suffer from = padecer de (to) face = afrontar (algo), encarar (to) become = ponerse, llegar a ser disorder = trastorno, enfermedad (expr.) yours truly = tu afectsimo (expr.) at least = al menos -2-

(expr.) at present = actualmente (to) cut down = reducir (el consumo

in spite of (prep.) = a pesar de, pese a (= despite)

intake = consumo, toma commited = comprometido a, decidido a determination = decisin near = prximo, cerca as = como (to) deal with = tratar con, portarse con belonging = perteneciente lack = falta, carencia dancer = bailarn test = prueba, ensayo, examen, control (to) solve = resolver, solucionar offer = oferta thin is in = thin is in fashion weight = peso (to) weigh = pesar (to) be round = estar alrededor young man = hombre entre 20 y 30 aos a middle aged person = hombre de mediana edad (40-55 aos) a youth = the boy or the girl who is teenager (adolescente, joven) the youth = la juventud advice = aviso, consejo to advise (to) be away = estar fuera de la poblacin (to) be out = estar fuera (cerca) (to) assist = atender a una persona (=
help)

in spite of the rain = in spite of the fact that (conj.) it was raining electricity = electricidad happiness = felicidad (contentment,
joy)

municipality = municipio goodness = bondad (de una persona) (= kindness) sanity = sanidad humanity = humanidad nationality = nacionalidad greatness = amplitud usefulness = utilidad kindness = amabilidad, bondad (= goodness) agreement = acuerdo intention = intencin, propsito rejection = rechazo arrivals = llegadas departures = salidas approval = aprobacin judgement = juicio preparation = preparacin invitation = invitacin starvation = hambre leaf = hoja (pl. leaves)

(to) attend = asistir (a una reunin) attendance = asistencia (a clase) (expr.) owing to = debido a (because of, due to) failure = fracaso (to) get thin = adelgazar (to) get dark = oscurecer (to) get asleep = quedarse dormido

-3-

SECTION 1 - LESSON 2
seldom (adv.) = raramente, rara vez neighbour = vecino neighbourhood = vecindad (to) revolve = girar, dar vueltas around = alrededor (to) hope = esperar (tener esperanza de) (to) owe = deber (algo), adeudar fact = hecho brief (adj.) = breve (pl. brieves) (to) feel = sentir desire = deseo surroundings = alrededores, entorno (to) move = trasladarse friendship = amistad (to) end = acabar feeling = percepcin unrealistic (adj.) = imaginario (expr.) even though = aunque, an cuando (to) set = poner (= to put) such as = como (to) achieve = conseguir (= to get, obtain) (to) show = mostrar (to) distort = deformar aware = conocedor de algo, consciente, enterado, estar informado sobre algo (to) take place = tener lugar atmosphere = ambiente (entre la gente) environment = medio ambiente brother broherhood = hermandad likely = probable likelihood = probabilidad scholarship = beca (universitaria) relationship = relacin loss = prdida (to) lose = perder (pp. lost) the one thing (= the only thing = the unique thing) la nica cosa, lo nico what else? = qu ms?, otra cosa (= anything else?) algo ms? (to) fail = suspender, fracasar or else = o si no, de otra manera goal = meta goalkeeper = guardameta, portero (to) score a goal = marcar un gol achievement = objetivo, logro distorted body = imagen deformada del cuerpo mayor = alcalde outline = contorno, perfil summary = resumen, estudio breve look out! = cuidado! (emergencia) (to) look after = cuidar (a un nio) (=to take care of) beware of the dog = cuidado con el perro (expr.) vez (que) the food intake = toma de comida goods = mercanca -4-

such = tal (adv.) drop = gota (de agua) lenght = largo, longitud loaf = barra (de pan) piece = trozo, pedazo de, porcin information, furniture, advice, news sheet = hoja (de papel) bouquet = ramo (de flores) box = caja flock = bandada (de pjaros) furniture = muebles (pl.) binoculars = gemelos clothes = ropa earnings = ganancias good = mercanca, gnero grounds = terrenos, sedimentos, zonas libres outskirts = afueras pants = calzoncillos, bragas particulars = detalles pliers (a pair of) = alicates, tenazas pyjamas = pijama riches = riqueza scissors (a pair of) = tijeras stairs = escaleras tights = pantimedias trousers (a pair of) = pantalones valuables = objetos de valor (to) mouth = desembocar the good = el bien (noun) the evil = el mal (to) apologize = pedir perdn (disculpas)

item = prenda (de vestir), artculo clothing = ropa, de vestir (to) bathe = baarse (to) miss = echar de menos (to) last = durar, permanecer (to) obsess = obsesionar illness = enfermedad ill = enfermo ailment = dolencia sick = enfermo, indispuesto (algo momentneo) sickness = enfermedad disease = enfermedad contagiosa taxes = tasas, impuesto government spending = dficit pblico chocolates = bombones sheep = oveja shepherd = pastor pack = baraja card = carta range = cordillera set = aparato, juego (conjunto) drums = batera bees = abejas swarm = enjambre team = equipo match = partido (to) lean against = apoyarse sobre algo, estar inclinado (to) keep on = seguir (the phone kept on ringing) (to) go on = continuar -5-

case = caja (container) loose = ancho (ropa)

tight = ajustado, apretado arms = armas (weapons)

frame = armadura gang = banda, cuadrilla (to) come across = dar con algo, encontrar (to) appall = aterrorizar skull = crneo quiz = pregunta (rpida), interrogatorio (to) study hard = estudiar duro (to) rain cats and dogs = llover a cntaros (to) rain hard = llover mucho (expr.) just as = justo cuando (expr.) like that = as like = como arrangement = acuerdo appointment = cita announcement = anuncio, declaracin (= notification) grade = grado, notas, nivel (to) get good grades = sacar buenas notas lecture = class (lesson) of an university conferencia, clase universitaria (to) lecture = dar una conferencia lecturer = professor = teacher of an university catedrtico creature = bicho (small animal) ill-adapted = mal adaptado (to) wipe = limpiar, barrer (to) wipe out = eliminar a alguien, liquidar, borrar shock = choque, sobresalto, conmocin (to) write down = anotar, apuntar (to) make up = maquillar, inventar stuff = things, belongings) = chismes, tonteras

(expr.) therefore = por lo tanto needless to say = no es necesario decir (to) outrage = ultrajar figure = figura (= statue, number) trace = rastro (to) figure out = aclarar, descifrar, comprender (= understand) the very moment = el mismo momento (to) remain = quedar, permanecer paper = examen (= test) Ice Age = perodo glaciar amazing = asombroso amused = divertido ant = hormiga (creature) warning sign = sntoma (expr.) in fact = en realidad, de hecho (= actually) (to) expect = esperar (tener esperanza) refutation = contradiccin brand-new = completamente nuevo, flamante skepticism = escepticismo, desconfianza,
incredulidad

challenged = desafiado

-6-

SECTION 1 - LESSON 3
classmate = compaero (de clase) partner = socio (de trabajo) (to) propose = proponer (= to have in mind) (to) pass round = pasar de un lado a otro (to) trick = engaar trick = engao, trampa right = derecho discovery = descubrimiento (expr.) he was wrong = l se equivoc ridiculous = ridculo fur = piel suspicious = desconfiado grade book = libro de notas (to) record = grabar science = ciencia period = perodo, poca (to) let = dejar (hacer algo), permitir (= allow, permit) (to) go to sleep = ir a dormir, dormirse (to) be clearings = estar claros courage = valenta, coraje (to) speak up = hablar alto (expr.) from beginning to end = desde el principio hasta el final living organism = organismo viviente needless = innecesario (to) put together = montar, reunirse fortitude = fortaleza, eficacia (to) let off = dejar escapar hook = anzuelo, garfio, gancho (to) prove = demostrar, resultar (to) check = comprobar (expr.) but also = sino tambin (to) stand up for = defender, hacer frente a algo, salir en defensa de (to) stand up = levantarse, ponerse de pie (= to rise) value = importancia elementary school = escuela primaria (to) teach = ensear, educar (to) tell = decir, contar experience = leccin (lesson), experiencia, escarmiento error = equivocacin (= mistake) extremely angry = outraged worth = valor (= value), precio valuable = valioso, de valor value = valor, importancia (to) give a lecture = dar una conferencia (en la universidad) throat = garganta suspicion = sospecha proposal = propuesta amazement = asombro remainder = resto truth truthful, true, truthfulness courageous = valiente argument = discusin, pelea (quarrel) (to) dispute = discutir -7-

SECTION 1 - LESSON 4
there will be = habr there was/were = haba, hubo there had been = haba habido there had to be = tena que haber mistake = error, equivocacin (expr.) is worth = vale (to) be worth + -ing = valer la pena undefinite = indefinido still (adv.) = todava till, until (prep.) = hasta (expr.) so far = hasta ahora (to) spare = prescindir de algo, ahorrar, evitar (to) rush = darse prisa, apresurarse break = interrupcin meal = comida routine = hbito, rutina (to) provide = proporcionar, suministrar (to) maintain = mantener blood = sangre (to) react = reaccionar (to) tire = cansarse unable = incapaz, imposible (to) play a part = desempear un papel raw vegetables = legumbres sin cocer (to) travel = sentar una comida, venir cracker = galleta (= biscuit) (to) be on the go = no parar, estar en accin, ser activo throughout = por todo low-fat milk = leche desnatada choice = eleccin to choose = elegir serving = servidor pancake = hojuela waffle = barquillo (to) function = funcionar (= to work) plain = puro honey = miel rice = arroz chance = oportunidad properly = adecuadamente (to) test = poner a prueba, examinar, probar (expr.) roush hour = hora punta (expr.) time to spare = tiempo de sobra (to) skip = saltar (= to jump) fast = ayuno spare time = tiempo libre (= free time) spare wheel = rueda de repuesto rather than = ms bien que Id rather = preferira if you do have a minute = si no esperas un momento low fat = bajo en grasas, desnatado label = etiqueta (to) take a look = echar un vistazo bill = cuenta (restaurante), billete de banco, factura wages = salario, sueldo (= salary) -8at present = now rule = regla, norma

(expr.) set phrase = frase hecha (to) wage a battle = librar una batalla

spare parts = piezas de repuesto spare room = habitacin de reserva (para huspedes) to spare = to give to skip = to ommite omitir leap = salto (expr.) leap year = ao bisiesto (to) skip breakfast = ayunar (expr.) for whatever reason = por cualquier razn rather than = en vez de (= instead of) (to) take off = quitarse baby-sitter = niera break = pause, interrupcin (to) experience = experimentar finally = finalmente suggestion = indicacin (expr.) above all = sobre todo (= especially) (to) carry out = llevar a cabo, realizar however = sin embargo, en cambio, por el contrario (= nevertheless) help = avail = benefit (to) refer = referir, aludir a algo (to) mean = querer decir, significar (to) communicate = comunicar (to) link = conectar, unir (= connect) (to) be linked = estar conectado slim = thin delgado (expr.) touching to = hacer referencia a

(to) lead to = producir (= to produce, provoke, cause) (to) cause to = hacer que plain = simple seldom = rara vez since = desde, puesto que (expr.) by this time = por este tiempo quite = bastante quiet = silencioso quietly = (adv.) (to) agree = ponerse de acuerdo degree = ttulo, grado air conditioner = acondicionador de aire bookcase = estante de libros common sense = sentido comn compact disc = disco compacto fire brigade = bomberos (cuerpo de) handbag = bolso headache = dolor de cabeza junk food = comida basura letter box = buzn nervous breakdown = depresin nerviosa policeman = polica (hombre) post office = oficina de correos fireman = bombero toothache = dolor de muelas bagache = dolor de espalda police (pl.) = polica (cuerpo) (to) bring = traer, llevar ice cream = helado -9-

ice cube = cubito de hielo ice skates = patines de hielo life style = estilo de vida life saver = socorrista

life span = duracin de vida salad bowl = ensaladera salad bar = barra o mostrador
(donde estn las ensaladas)

salad dressing = vinagreta

human being = ser humano human rights = derechos humanos human race = raza humana (expr.) on the go = sobre la marcha, por el camino folk tales = cuentos populares folk songs = canciones tradicionales folk dancing = baile de msica popular fire alarm = alarma de incendios fire escape = escalera de incendios pattern = modelo above = arriba, encima implied subject = sujeto implcito paragraph = prrafo incident = incidente amusing = divertido unsual = raro, excepcional useful = til (= helpful) complaint = queja (to) feed = alimentar feed = alimento fluently (adv.) = fcilmente (= easily) necklace = collar, gargantilla homework assigment = tareas, deberes truth (noun) = verdad true (adj.) = verdadero (to) shout = gritar shout = grito punishment = castigo essay = redaccin

thief (pl. -ves) = ladrn (to) thieve =

(to) steal = robar (= to rob) dry = seco coat = chaqueta, abrigo meat = carne quantities = cantidad fresh = fresco (to) forget = olvidar daily = diariamente packet = paquete (to) recommend = recomendar (to) rearrange = colocar de otra manera, reorganizar, reordenar rearrangement = reorganizacin (to) order = ordenar, mandar (to) shut up = callarse (to) lend = prestar (pp. lent) strict = estricto, riguroso (to) regard = observar, contemplar manner = modo item = detalle (= detail) connectors = conectores, enlaces conjunction = conjuncin relative clause = clasula relativa ticket = entrada, billete traffic lights = semforo - 10 -

(to) hurry = darse prisa, apresurarse, precipitarse (= to rush) hurry = prisa, precipitacin (to) choose = elegir, seleccionar several = varios (expr.) never mind! = no importa

(= dont worry) it wont work = it cant succeed you can count on me = you can rely on me leave me alone! = dont disturb me you must make up your mind = you

have to decide (to) happen = ocurrir, suceder (un hecho) (to) work = trabajar, dar resultado, funcionar (to) disturb = molestar (to) count on = contar con (to rely on) (to) make up to decide (to) rely on = confiar en, contar con (to) match = unir, enlazar

meaning = significado (expr.) the more the better = cuanto ms, mejor (to) taste = saber, probar (una comida) strange = extrao lawyer = abogado judge = juez

- 11 -

SECTION 2 - LESSON 1
one winters day = un da de invierno since = desde, puesto que excitement = emocin injury = dao, lesin (= wound) harm = dao moral damage = dao fsico no matherwhere = sin importar dnde (to) blow the whistle = denunciar, dar la alarma, alertar, dar el alto ladder = escalera (to) set up = establecer score = resultado, puntuacin, marcador draw = dibujo balance = equilibrio (to) remove = quitar (to) fall through = fracasar (to) fall down = caerse (una persona) (to) award = conceder (to) race back = correr hacia atrs, regresar atrs, irse hacia atrs rpidamente (expr.) let alone = por no hablar de, y mucho menos (to) bump = chocar painful = doloroso thankful = agradecido bother = preocupacin smooth = liso, suave, calmado (mar) eagerly = con impaciencia (anxiously) (to) await = aguardar, esperar muscle = msculo (to) let alone = dejar en paz, no tocar rather = bastante, ms bien (to) rest = descansar (to) hurt = herir hurt = herida ache = dolor whole = entero, todo, completo (to) summarize = resumir (to) train = entrenar trainers = zapatillas de deporte lonely = solitario job = empleo work = trabajo (en general) (to) wait = esperar (fsicamente) (to) hear = oir (to) listen = escuchar look at (+ direct object) = mirar a (to) treat = tratar (a una persona) (to) deal with = consiste en (to) win = ganar, vencer (to) earn = ganar dinero appointment = cita (ms oficial), nombramiento date = cita (ms familiar) notice = aviso (warning) advertisement = anuncio (announcement) (to) realize = darse cuenta de algo
(que viene pensamiento)

(to) notice = notar, darse cuenta de

- 12 -

SECTION 2 - LESSON 2
whereas = mientras que silent = silencioso (quiet) conduct = comportamiento, conducta notice = announcement (to) accuse = acusar (to) criticize = criticar alone (adj.y adv.) = solo/a, slo solamente acknowledgement = reconocimiento (to) acknowledge = reconocer, dar las gracias por, agradecer (to) thank = dar las gracias (a alguien) (to) see = ver (to) get = conseguir, llegar (to) have a degree in Science = ser licenciado/a en Ciencias (to) guess = adivinar whenever (adv.) = siempre que whatsoever (adj.) = en absoluto fog = niebla (to) reach = llegar a, alcanzar (= arrive at) summit = cima, cumbre request = ruego, solicitud (to) lift = levantar (to) ski = esquiar (to) beat = vencer, derrotar, ganar (to) chop = cortar (= to cut) (to) get ready = prepararse (to) get old = hacerse viejo (to) get better = mejorar food processor = robot de cocina (to) deliver = entregar (to) pick up = coger, recoger instead (adv.) = en cambio (to) release = liberar, ponerlo en libertad (to) persuade = tratar de convencer (expr.) on bail = bajo fianza (to) manage = conseguir (= to get) (to) become = hacerse uno especialista (en algo) athlete = atleta standing = de pie, levantado (to) be awarded = ser concedido (expr.) as I stood = mientras yo me colocaba thought = pensamiento, intencin, opinin (expr.) Ive just had a thought = acabo de tener una idea (to) pull somebodys leg = tomarle el pelo a uno, gastar bromas (to) pay an arm and a leg = costar un ojo de la cara arm = brazo leg = pierna, pata (de un animal) gradually = gradualmente, poco a poco slowly = lentamente (= gradually) bump = golpe (en la pierna, p.ej), porrazo, hinchazn - 13 (to) heal = sanar, curar

health = salud

healthful = saludable, sano healthy = sano (to) answer = responder, contestar (= to reply) (to) massage = dar masaje a (to) force = forzar pain = dolor both = los dos, ambos (to) notice = observar, notar, fijarse en (to) turn = girar, volverse, cumplir (to) seem = parecer equipment = equipo (to) bother = preocupar, molestar rough = spero (to) find = descubrir (= to discover) gym = gimnasio (to) be eager to do something = tener muchas ganas de hacer algo, impacientarse por hacer algo real = autntico team = equipo match = partido junior high school = escuela superior juvenil even = incluso faster = ms rpido blood = sangre (to) show = mostrar statement = afirmacin (expr.) to let = se alquila

(to) quote = citar evidence = hechos, pruebas (to) support = apoyar, mantener chance = oportunidad claim = demanda (to) speed = acelerar (to) coerced = coaccionar, forzar noticed perceived realized (to) vanish = desaparecer (disappear) (to) assume = suponer (to suppose) anxiously = con inquietud will = voluntad, espritu (spirit) (expr.) That will do! = se acab! (expr.) same as = igual que (to) differ = diferenciarse (de algo) either = tampoco coach = entrenador, instructor, autocar neither = ni (to) coach = entrenar (= to train) coach trainer (expr.) by the time = en el momento (expr.) in order that = para que (to) soothe = aliviar aching muscles = msculos doloridos (to) absent = ausentar(se) alguien (to) estimate = estimar (to) conduct = dirigir algo, conducir (to) stay up = quedarse despierto though = sin embargo (al final de frase) painfully = dolorosamente - 14 -

SECTION 2 - LESSON 3
care = cuidado (to) nurse = cuidar, atender

(to) ask = hacer una pregunta (to) ask for = pedir, solicitar (to) lend = prestar (to) borrow = pedir prestado (to) charge = cobrar (= to cash) (expr.) as time passed = conforme el tiempo pasaba fornight = quincena tip = propina luggage = equipaje (to) behave = obrar, portarse bien (to) mind = molestar (a uno una cosa) invention = invento steak = biftec (to) hand = colgar frame = armazn fire = incendio hammer = martillo tin = estao copper = cobre unsuitable = inadecuado, impropio maybe = tal vez, quizs, a lo mejor, es posible que (= perhaps) (to) rise = levantarse, alzarse (to) link = enlazar, unir (join), conectar (to) rage = rabiar, enfurecerse (to) stare = clavarse la mirada thick = espeso, grueso
(en alguien)

(to) remade = reconstruir furious = furioso, violento ever since = desde entonces Houses of Parliament = Edificio del Parlamento House of Commons = Cmara de los Comunes bell = campana ton = tonelada (is one thousand kilos) north-eastern = noreste original = primitivo, primero (to) afford = permitirse un gasto (to) turn = dar vueltas a algo, inclinar (to) call out = gritar (= to shout) MP Member of Parliament if you are asked if asked (to) sound = sonar, tocar (= to ring) (expr.) an argument raged = una discusin se desencaden (expr.) whatever the reason =

cualquiera que sea la razn

(to) hang = colgar (pp. hung) slightly (adv.) = ligeramente (expr.) as to = en cuanto a (= as for, concerning) as for my brother
Ill phone him

(to) decide on something = decidirse por una cosa (to) decide something = decidir algo - 15 -

SECTION 2 - LESSON 4
slight = ligero shallow = poco profundo, superficial deep = profundo, hondo tough = recio (sweater) (to) swim in = bucear ceiling = techo

harrow = estrecho truck = camin wide = ancho driving licence = carnet de conducir (to) delay = retrasar (train), retardar (expr.) land mark = distintivo gift = regalo veterinary surgeon = veterinario reproach = reproche suggestion = sugerencia, indicacin

polite (adj.) = corts expectation = esperanza snack food = comida ligera (to) come about = surgir customer = cliente chef = encargado de la cocina (to) compliment = echar piropos, felicitar (expr.) again and again = una y otra vez (to) sound = parecer (to) taste = probar, saber (una comida)