The document discusses a student research project on using jackfruit sap as the main component of homemade glue. The students aim to make an organic glue alternative to commercially available glues, which often contain chemicals. Jackfruit sap contains latex, which is similar to compounds found in white wood glue. The document provides background information on jackfruit and its uses, as well as the functions of glue. It also outlines the objectives, significance and scope of the student research project.
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The document discusses a student research project on using jackfruit sap as the main component of homemade glue. The students aim to make an organic glue alternative to commercially available glues, which often contain chemicals. Jackfruit sap contains latex, which is similar to compounds found in white wood glue. The document provides background information on jackfruit and its uses, as well as the functions of glue. It also outlines the objectives, significance and scope of the student research project.
The document discusses a student research project on using jackfruit sap as the main component of homemade glue. The students aim to make an organic glue alternative to commercially available glues, which often contain chemicals. Jackfruit sap contains latex, which is similar to compounds found in white wood glue. The document provides background information on jackfruit and its uses, as well as the functions of glue. It also outlines the objectives, significance and scope of the student research project.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses a student research project on using jackfruit sap as the main component of homemade glue. The students aim to make an organic glue alternative to commercially available glues, which often contain chemicals. Jackfruit sap contains latex, which is similar to compounds found in white wood glue. The document provides background information on jackfruit and its uses, as well as the functions of glue. It also outlines the objectives, significance and scope of the student research project.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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Valenzuela City Science High School A. Marcelo St.
, Dalandanan, Valenzuela City
The Feasibility of Artocarpus Heterophyllus as a Main Component of Homemade Glue
Submitted by: Paulo Z. Belen Jing Angelo G. Clet John Daniel C. Go Chester Kyle C. Santos III- Dalton
Submitted to:
Mrs. Merlyn M. Gamboa
January 7, 2013
[THE FEASIBILITY OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS AS A
MAIN COMPONENT OF HOMEMADE GLUE]
January 7, 2013
Chapter I | Problem and Its Setting
Introduction Jackfruit (ArtocarpusHeterophyllus) an indigenous fruit tree is widely distributed throughout many tropical countries, including PHILIPPINES both cultivated and wild. This fruit contains a sap which has a component that is identical to the white wood glue called latex. With this, we are encourage to use this as an additive in making a glue for we know that the sap is extremely sticky and therefore also utilized as an effective adhesive. On the importance of glue, the function and value of this sticky stuff plays a very important role in the school. The glue sticks things to other things or something is stuck to other things especially in bonding thin materials, through this, the object will likely to stay together and will not fall off and get lost . We decided to use the sap of jackfruit because we wanted to make organic glue. Almost all glue uses chemicals as their main component. Some children that are using glue can affect the health of their users because of their chemical components. The component of the sap of the glue contains some chemicals that are suitable for good quality homemade glue. It has component that is the same as the white glue that we used to buy in the market or school supplies store
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Statement of the Problem Main Problem: This research aims to use sap of jackfruit as the main component of homemade glue. Specific Problem: To get the extract of the jackfruit and the technics on making the actual glue for better results. Hypothesis Operational: The extracted sap of the jackfruit will be effective as a main component of our homemade glue. Null: The extracted sap of the jackfruit is not effective as a main component of homemade glue. Objectives General Objective To be able to make an almost chemical free homemade glue.
Specific Objective To provide an alternative organic component for a homemade glue.
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Significance of the Study As we take a look on the components of a normal glue that we used to buy in market or school supplies store, we can notice that there are some chemicals involve in making the glue. These chemicals may affect the health of their users. We decided to make use of a fruit that has a sap that contains the same characteristics as the chemical found in the white glue which is what they call latex. Luckily, we have this fruit in our country, jackfruit. It is widely known for its delicious taste and its capability to manufacture other good products from its parts. The sap of jackfruit contains latex which is also found in the chemical used in making white glue. Scope and Limitations This research aims to test the feasibility of the sap of jackfruit as an alternative component of the chemicals found in the white glue. The extracted sap of jackfruit will be mix with the other necessary reagents in making white glue. The estimate time for making this homemade glue is about 336 hours. Definition of Terms 1. Jackfruit- The jackfruit (alternately jack tree, jakfruit, or sometimes simply jack or jak; scientific name Artocarpus heterophyllus), is a species of tree in the Artocarpusgenus of the mulberry family (Moraceae) 2. Sap- The watery fluid that circulates through a plant that has vascular tissues. Sap moving up the xylem carries water and minerals, while sap moving down the phloem carries water and food. 3. Latex-The colorless or milky sap of certain plants, such as the poinsettia or milkweed, that coagulates on exposure to air or an emulsion of rubber or plastic globules in water, used in paints, adhesives, and various synthetic rubber products. 4. Glue- also known as adhesive, is a material, typically liquid or semi-liquid, that adheres or bonds items together. Page | 3
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January 7, 2013
Chapter II | Review of Related Literature
Jackfruit and Its Functions Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the most significant trees in tropical home gardens and perhaps the most widespread and useful tree in the important genus Artocarpus. It is a medium size evergreen tree typically reaching 825 m (2682 ft) in height that is easily recognized by its fruit, the largest among cultivated plants. The succulent, aromatic, and flavorful fruit is eaten fresh or preserved in myriad ways. The nutritious seeds are boiled or roasted and eaten like chestnuts, added to flour for bak-ing, or cooked in dishes. It is also known for its remark-able, durable timber, which ages to an orange or red brown color. The leaves and fruit waste provide valuable fodder for cattle, pigs, and goats. Many parts of the plant includ-ing the bark, roots, leaves, and fruit are attributed with me-dicinal properties. Wood chips yield a dye used to give the famous orange red color to the robes of Buddhist priests. The tree can provide many environmental services. It is highly wind tolerant and therefore makes a good compo-nent in a windbreak or border planting. Growing in pas-tures, it can provide fallen fruit for livestock, shade, and long-term timber. In home gardens, the dense jackfruit canopy can provide a visual screen and is very ornamental. Introduced to most Pacific islands after European contact, the tree can be found throughout the Pacific, mainly in home gardens, where it finds a place among other favorite multipurpose plants. It is easy to grow and more adaptable than some of the other common Artocarpus species such as breadfruit (A. altilis). It is not considered to be an invasive species.
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Uses and Products of Jackfruit Staple food The pulp of the young fruit is cooked as a starchy food and has a consistency resembling meat. The young fruit is also pickled or canned in brine or curry. Fruit The ripe fruit is eaten fresh or is processed into numerous delicacies including jam, jelly, and chutney. It also makes an excellent dried fruit or preserved candy when combined with sugar or honey. The pulp is also used as a flavoring in ice cream and drinks. Canned fruit is available in ethnic markets (e.g., Hawaii). Nut/seed The seeds must be cooked by boiling or roasting prior to eating. They are an excellent addition to curries, or can be eaten freshly cooked or dried with salt as a snack. The cooked and dried seeds are milled to a flour-like consistency and added to bread dough. Leaf vegetable The tender young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Other vegetable Young male flower spikes can be grated or smashed and eaten with salt and vinegar as a vegetable, or pickled. They are also cooked and served as a vegetable.
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Beverage/drink/tea Aside from flavoring for beverages, the fruit can be fermented and distilled to produce alcoholic liquor. Medicinal All parts of the tree are said to have medicinal properties. Morton (1987) reports, The Chinese consider jackfruit pulp and seeds tonic, cooling and nutritious, and to be useful in overcoming the influence of alcohol on the system. The seed starch is given to relieve biliousness and the roasted seeds are regarded as aphrodisiac. The ash of jackfruit leaves, burned with corn and coconut shells, is used alone or mixed with coconut oil to heal ulcers. The dried latex yields artostenone, convertible to artosterone, a compound with marked androgenic action (having male hormone activity). Mixed with vinegar, the latex promotes healing of abscesses, snakebite and glandular swellings. The root is a remedy for skin diseases and asthma. An ex-tract of the root is taken in cases of fever and diarrhea. The bark is made into poultices. Heated leaves are placed on wounds. The wood has a sedative property; its pith is said to produce abortion. Flavoring/spice The ripe pulp, fresh, concentrated, or powdered, is made into flavoring for ice cream and beverages. Stimulant The latex can be used as chewing gum. Fuel wood Branches and trunk are burned for fuel wood. Craft wood/tools. In the province of Cebu, Philippines, the wood is highly prized for making guitars, ukuleles, and other musical in-struments. Page | 6
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Resin/gum/glue/latex The heated latex can be used as glue for mending chinaware and pottery and as caulking for boats and buckets. The latex contains resins that may have use in varnishes. The latex also has bacteriolytic value comparable to that of papaya latex. Additionally, the sticky latex is used for trap-ping birds (birdlime) and for insect traps. Tannin/dye There is 3.3% tannin in the bark. When boiled with alum, wood chips, or sawdust, it yields a dye that is commonly used to give the characteristic color to the robes of Bud-dhist priests and in dying silk. Glue and Its Functions An adhesive, also known as glue, is a material, typically liquid or semiliquid, that adheres or bonds items together. Adhesives come from either natural or synthetic sources. The types of materials that can be bonded are vast but adhesives are especially useful for bonding thin materials. Adhesives cure (harden) by either evaporating a solvent or by chemical reactions that occur between two or more constituents. Adhesives are also very useful for joining thin or dissimilar materials, minimizing weight, and providing a vibration-damping joint. A disadvantage of most adhesives is that most do not form an instantaneous joint, unlike many other joining processes, because the adhesive needs time to cure. The earliest known date for a simple glue is 200,000 BC and for a compound glue 70,000 BC.
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Types: Drying adhesives
There are two types of adhesives that harden by drying: solvent based adhesives and polymer dispersion adhesives, also known asemulsion adhesives. Solvent based adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a solvent. White glue, contact adhesives and rubber cements are members of the drying adhesive family. As the solvent evaporates, the adhesive hardens. Depending on the chemical composition of the adhesive, they will adhere to different materials to greater or lesser degrees.
Pressure sensitive adhesives Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) form a bond by the application of light pressure to marry the adhesive with the adherend. They are designed with a balance between flow and resistance to flow. The bond forms because the adhesive is soft enough to flow (i.e. "wet") to the adherend. The bond has strength because the adhesive is hard enough to resist flow when stress is applied to the bond. Once the adhesive and the adherend are in close proximity, molecular interactions, such as van der Waals forces, become involved in the bond, contributing significantly to its ultimate strength. Contact adhesives Contact adhesives are used in strong bonds with high shear-resistance like laminates, such as bonding Formica to a wooden counter, and in footwear, as in attaching outsoles to uppers. Hot adhesives
Hot adhesives, also known as hot melt adhesives, are thermoplastics applied in molten form (in the 65-180 C range) which solidify on cooling to form strong bonds between a wide ranges of materials.
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Multi-part adhesives Multi-component adhesives harden by mixing two or more components which chemically react. This reaction causes polymers to cross-link into acrylics, urethanes, and epoxies. One-part adhesives One-part adhesives harden via a chemical reaction with an external energy source, such as radiation, heat, and moisture. Natural adhesives Natural adhesives are made from organic sources such as vegetable matter, starch (dextrin), natural resins or from animals e.g. casein or animal glue. They are often referred to as bioadhesives. One example is a simple paste made by cooking flour in water. Animal glues are traditionally used in bookbinding, wood joining, and many other areas but now are largely replaced by synthetic glues. Casein is mainly used to adhere glass bottle labels. Starch based adhesives are used in corrugated board production and paper sack production, paper tube winding, and wall paper adhesives. Masonite, wood hardboard, was bonded using natural lignin, (although most modern MDF particle boards use synthetic thermosetting resins). Another form of natural adhesive is blood albumen (made from protein component of blood), which is used in the plywood industry. Animal glue remains the preferred glue of the luthier. Casein based glues are made by precipitating casein from milk protein using the acetic acid from vinegar. This forms curds, which are neutralized with abase, such as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), to cause them to unclamp and become a thicker plastic-like substance.
Synthetic adhesives Synthetic adhesives are based on elastomers, thermoplastics, emulsions, and thermosets. Examples of thermosetting adhesives are:epoxy, polyurethane, cyanoacrylate and acrylic polymers. See also post-it notes. The first commercially produced synthetic adhesive was Karlsons klister in the 1920s.
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Chapter III | Methodology
A. Variables Independent Variables 1. Amount of extracted sap of jackfruit 2. Amount of other reagents
Dependent Variables 1. The time it will take the glue to be effective
B. Materials
Materials Jackfruit extract Flour Water Sugar Vinegar
Quantity 3 tablespoon 1 cup 1 cup 1/3 cup 1 teaspoon
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C. Procedures. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
In a saucepan mix 1 cup of flour with 1/3 cup of sugar. Add half of the water required and mix into a thick paste without clumps. Pour in the rest of the water and combine till the paste is smooth. Add three tablespoon of jackfruit extract into the mixture. Pour one teaspoon of vinegar and put on medium heat until the mixture starts to thicken. Cool and transfer to jar or an airtight plastic container.
6.
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Chapter IV | Result, Discussion and Conclusion
No. of Trial Stickiness ( Ranges from 1 to 10 ) No.1 No. 2 No. 3 5 6 8
This table shows that the stickiness of our home made glue increases in every trial that we performed. The first trial is not so successful because of its low level of stickiness. On the second trial, the stickiness of our home made glue quite increased. And on the last trial, we are satisfied with the results that we got but it still lacks on quality if you compare it with the high standards white glue that we often choose as our adhesive on school projects and works.
A. Results and Discussion After three trials of the experiment, we are quite satisfied with our outcomes. It is first time for all of us to make home made glue by ourselves so we didnt expect this research to be so successful. In every trial, the stickiness of our home made glue increases. The variable that we controlled in three trials was how long we will cook the glue. The third trial was the most successful because its quality is almost similar to the normal Elmers glue that we commonly use.
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One of the problems that we encountered after we had finished the experiment was the unpleasant odour coming from our home made glue. It smells like rotten jackfruit. Another was the presentation of the glue was not so well. There are over cooked part of our glue and it is not actually coloured white. For me, it is quite dirty white. But if we are talking about the effectiveness of the glue, we are satisfied with the results that we got.
B. Conclusion Based on the results that we got after the experiment that took almost two weeks, we found that the extracted sap of Artocarpus Heterophyllus is quite effective as an alternative component for our home made glue. It reached the standard level of stickiness for normal white glue that we used to buy in the market or school supplies store.
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Chapter V | Recommendation
After concluding the research, the researchers would like to recommend that: The experiment needs more extract from jackfruit in order to reach satisfying effectiveness of the glue. The experiment needs to have another component that the main purpose is to neutralize the odor of the sap of the jackfruit because it is not so pleasant. The experiment needs some reagent in order to make the glue more viscous. The glue needs to be whiter because it is quite not pleasant on sight and it looks so messy and not well presented. This may affect the users on choosing this product because of its presentation.
