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Future Internet
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Metadata and Markup
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Metadata and Markup

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2009) | Viewed by 62920

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andreas Dengel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Member of the Management Board, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Trippstadter Str. 122, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Interests: semantic web; information & knowledge management; search; social media; document understanding; human-computer interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue of the journal Future Internet seeks papers reporting high quality theoretical or practical work on Metadata and Markup. As data about data, metadata describes information about documents, events, locations or people but also addresses qualitative aspects, language, and include information about context or conditions of use. It may be used for naming, describing, cataloguing, and indication ownership of a resource. Metadata helps to facilitate the understanding and the management of data objects. While the metadata describes characteristics about the data, the markup identifies the specific type of data content and acts as a container for that document instance. Mark-up languages allow for the inclusion of many types of metadata ranging from simple dates or keywords up to highly-granular information such as Dublin Core or e-GMS.

We are looking for high-quality, original papers on any aspect of Metadata and Markup including topics such as standards for supporting knowledge markup, e.g., RDFa, microformats, GRDDL, multimedia annotation (e.g., by using MPEG-7), collaborative, shared tagging and annotation, semantic annotation in Semantic Wikis, semantic authoring and publishing, document engineering, deriving semantics from document structure and content, ontology-based authoring and markup, knowledge markup in the Semantic Web, using semantic annotations to define knowledge, integrated software architecture based on semantic annotation, annotation of software components, linguistic aspects of semantic annotations, text mining for creating knowledge markup, mining semantic information from blogs, forums or news sources, collaborative, shared tagging and annotation, evaluation of annotation frameworks, deriving formal semantics from (flat or hierarchical) tagging systems, vocabularies and ontologies for semantic authoring and annotation, tools for supporting knowledge markup, semantic annotation, sematic authoring, etc.

Andreas Dengel, Ph. D.
Guest Editor

Keywords

  • metadata and the web
  • semantics, semantic web
  • metadata capture and creation
  • metadata lifecycle
  • metadata schemes and ontologies
  • defition of metadata

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

684 KiB  
Article
A Distributed Infrastructure for Metadata about Metadata: The HDMM Architectural Style and PORTAL-DOORS System
by Carl Taswell
Future Internet 2010, 2(2), 156-189; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi2020156 - 1 Jun 2010
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 15032
Abstract
Both the IRIS-DNS System and the PORTAL-DOORS System share a common architectural style for pervasive metadata networks that operate as distributed metadata management systems with hierarchical authorities for entity registering and attribute publishing. Hierarchical control of metadata redistribution throughout the registry-directory networks constitutes [...] Read more.
Both the IRIS-DNS System and the PORTAL-DOORS System share a common architectural style for pervasive metadata networks that operate as distributed metadata management systems with hierarchical authorities for entity registering and attribute publishing. Hierarchical control of metadata redistribution throughout the registry-directory networks constitutes an essential characteristic of this architectural style called Hierarchically Distributed Mobile Metadata (HDMM) with its focus on moving the metadata for who what where as fast as possible from servers in response to requests from clients. The novel concept of multilevel metadata about metadata has also been defined for the PORTAL-DOORS System with the use of entity, record, infoset, representation and message metadata. Other new features implemented include the use of aliases, priorities and metaresources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metadata and Markup)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Beacons of Gondor dramatize a metaphor for the advantages of hierarchical communication networks that enable search and discovery of a small item in a very large world. If everybody remains trapped under the clouds in isolated valleys everywhere and unable to see elsewhere, then how will we (or software agents) communicate with each other fast enough to find and reach unknown destinations, persons (or agents), and small pieces of information in a large world that grows ever larger all the time?</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>PORTAL-DOORS System Data Records: Resource metadata is registered and published by agents for search by users in the PORTAL-DOORS server networks. <span class="html-italic">Semantic</span> services here are defined as those using the RDF/OWL/SPARQL stack of technologies, whereas <span class="html-italic">lexical</span> services are defined as those using only character string processing, terminologies, or those XML technologies that do not require use of RDF triples. Fields within data records are considered <span class="html-italic">required</span> or <span class="html-italic">permitted</span> with respect to the schemas maintained by the root servers. The figure displays only the most important fields; for all fields, see the reference model implemented with XML Schemas.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>PORTAL-DOORS System Server Network: PDS server networks with interacting clouds of NEXUS registrars, PORTAL registries, and DOORS directories. NEXUS servers may expose either the NEXUS registrar service for the separate design or the integrated set of NEXUS registrar, PORTAL registry, and DOORS directory services for the combined design. These resource metadata server networks for PORTAL registering of labels and tags and DOORS publishing of locations and descriptions are analogous to domain metadata server networks for IRIS registering of names and DNS publishing of addresses. Primary PORTAL registries may be established by an organization or person who maintains any local policies governing registration of resources at that particular primary PORTAL registry. Examples shown here (GeneScene, BrainWatch, ManRay) implement policies with a problem-oriented focus on their respective specialty domains. Specific criteria for registration are determined by the local schema of the PORTAL primary which must nevertheless comply with the global requirements of the PORTAL root in order to assure interoperability between different PORTAL primaries.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Resource representation: entity metadata is primary or <span class="html-italic">Level 1</span> metadata about the entity itself, record metadata is secondary or <span class="html-italic">Level 2</span> metadata about the <span class="html-italic">Level 1</span> metadata, and infoset metadata is tertiary or <span class="html-italic">Level 3</span> metadata about the <span class="html-italic">Level 1</span> and <span class="html-italic">Level 2</span> metadata; see also <a href="#sec5dot2-futureinternet-02-00156" class="html-sec">Section 5.2</a>.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Relational database model for NEXUS combined design server with integrated storage of both PORTAL and DOORS data record fields as a NEXUS data record. See <a href="#futureinternet-02-00156-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a> for the administrative content of a NEXUS record.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Relational database model for the auxiliary and administrative support tables for system and agent management in relation to the main table for the NEXUS combined design server. See <a href="#futureinternet-02-00156-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a> for the non-administrative content of a NEXUS record.</p> Full article ">
137 KiB  
Article
Metadata for Name Disambiguation and Collocation
by Jeffrey Beall
Future Internet 2010, 2(1), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi2010001 - 5 Jan 2010
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 14893
Abstract
Searching names of persons, families, and organizations is often difficult in online databases because different persons or organizations frequently share the same name and because a single person’s or organization’s name may appear in different forms in various online documents. Databases and search [...] Read more.
Searching names of persons, families, and organizations is often difficult in online databases because different persons or organizations frequently share the same name and because a single person’s or organization’s name may appear in different forms in various online documents. Databases and search engines can use metadata as a tool to solve the problem of name ambiguity and name variation in online databases. This article describes the challenges names pose in information retrieval and some emerging name metadata databases that can help ameliorate the problems. Effective name disambiguation and collocation increase search precision and recall and can improve assessment of scholarly work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metadata and Markup)
4006 KiB  
Article
A Method for Automating Geospatial Dataset Metadata
by James K. Batcheller, Bruce M. Gittings and Robert I. Dunfey
Future Internet 2009, 1(1), 28-46; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi1010028 - 10 Nov 2009
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 10073
Abstract
Metadata have long been recognised as crucial to geospatial asset management and discovery, and yet undertaking their creation remains an unenviable task often to be avoided. This paper proposes a practical approach designed to address such concerns, decomposing various data creation, management, update [...] Read more.
Metadata have long been recognised as crucial to geospatial asset management and discovery, and yet undertaking their creation remains an unenviable task often to be avoided. This paper proposes a practical approach designed to address such concerns, decomposing various data creation, management, update and documentation process steps that are subsequently leveraged to contribute towards metadata record completion. Using a customised utility embedded within a common GIS application, metadata elements are computationally derived from an imposed feature metadata standard, dataset geometry, an integrated storage protocol and pre-prepared content, and instantiated within a common geospatial discovery convention. Yielding 27 out of a 32 total metadata elements (or 15 out of 17 mandatory elements) the approach demonstrably lessens the burden of metadata authorship. It also encourages improved geospatial asset management whilst outlining core requisites for developing a more open metadata strategy not bound to any particular application domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metadata and Markup)
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Figure 1
<p>A prototype data container hierarchy, yielding five metadata elements (adapted from Batcheller [<a href="#B35-futureinternet-01-00028" class="html-bibr">35</a>]). Containers are instantiated on arrival of new datasets; an entire UK GEMINI-based hierarchy need not be constructed.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Attributes of ISO 19109 feature types, with an emphasis on the route to metadata-relevant subclasses. Feature metadata instances are catered for by GF_QualityAttributeType’s dependency on the ISO 19115 entity MD_Metadata. (Subset taken from ISO 19109:2005).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p><b>(a-b): </b>Geographic extent estimation of <span class="html-italic">Heracleum mantegazzianum</span> in the south-west of Scotland, 2003-05, and the effects of boundary reference layer granularity (data courtesy of the Tweed Foundation). <b>(c): </b>A hypothetical spread of the species and the districts detected using the boundary reference layer approach.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>An overview of approach’s routines, the metadata sources on which they operated (assisted by its associated auxiliary object). Computed values are displayed on a form interface where they may be modified by hand prior to validation and eventual output.</p> Full article ">

Review

Jump to: Research

1331 KiB  
Review
Ontology Alignment—A Survey with Focus on Visually Supported Semi-Automatic Techniques
by Michael Granitzer, Vedran Sabol, Kow Weng Onn, Dickson Lukose and Klaus Tochtermann
Future Internet 2010, 2(3), 238-258; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi2030238 - 4 Aug 2010
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 12965
Abstract
Semantic technologies are of paramount importance to the future Internet. The reuse and integration of semantically described resources, such as data or services, necessitates the bringing of ontologies into mutual agreement. Ontology alignment deals with the discovery of correspondences between concepts and relations [...] Read more.
Semantic technologies are of paramount importance to the future Internet. The reuse and integration of semantically described resources, such as data or services, necessitates the bringing of ontologies into mutual agreement. Ontology alignment deals with the discovery of correspondences between concepts and relations from different ontologies. Alignment provides the key ingredient to semantic interoperability. This paper gives an overview on the state of the art in the field of visually supported semi-automatic alignment techniques and presents recent trends and developments. Particular attention is given to user interfaces and visualization techniques supporting involvement of humans in the alignment process. We derive and summarize requirements for visual semi-automatic alignment systems, provide an overview of existing approaches, and discuss the possibilities for further improvements and future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metadata and Markup)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Alignment of two ontologies, mappings between related concepts, are shown in red.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>COGZ [<a href="#B34-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">34</a>] matching interface including trees showing the class hierarchies (A and B), a property viewer (C), and links between the nodes (D).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>COGZ [<a href="#B34-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">34</a>] matching interface with a fish-eye effect on the current focus (mapping).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Tree-based user interface supporting interactive alignment for the PROMPT [<a href="#B18-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">18</a>] system.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Graph-based user interface supporting interactive alignment in the PROMPT [<a href="#B18-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">18</a>] system.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>AlViz [<a href="#B39-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">39</a>] combines tree representation for the class hierarchies with graph visualization for the representation of the ontologies.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>COGZ [<a href="#B34-futureinternet-02-00238" class="html-bibr">34</a>] treemap view (A) with a pie chart showing information on mapping progress (B).</p> Full article ">
248 KiB  
Review
Markup in Engineering Design: A Discourse
by Lian Ding and Shaofeng Liu
Future Internet 2010, 2(1), 74-95; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi2010074 - 11 Mar 2010
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 9229
Abstract
Today’s engineering companies are facing unprecedented competition in a global market place. There is now a knowledge intensive shift towards whole product lifecycle support, and collaborative environments. It has become particularly important to capture information, knowledge and experiences about previous design and following [...] Read more.
Today’s engineering companies are facing unprecedented competition in a global market place. There is now a knowledge intensive shift towards whole product lifecycle support, and collaborative environments. It has become particularly important to capture information, knowledge and experiences about previous design and following stages during their product lifecycle, so as to retrieve and reuse such information in new and follow-on designs activities. Recently, with the rapid development and adoption of digital technologies, annotation and markup are becoming important tools for information communication, retrieval and management. Such techniques are being increasingly applied to an array of applications and different digital items, such as text documents, 2D images and 3D models. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of recent research in markup for engineering design, including a number of core markup languages and main markup strategies. Their applications and future utilization in engineering design, including multi-viewpoint of product models, capture of information and rationale across the whole product lifecycle, integration of engineering design processes, and engineering document management, are comprehensively discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metadata and Markup)
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Figure 1
<p>An example of annotation</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>‘In-line’ and ‘Stand-off’ markup methods.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Framework of lightweight representations with markup method [<a href="#B68-futureinternet-02-00074" class="html-bibr">68</a>].</p> Full article ">
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