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8 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Potential Constraints to Neutrino–Nucleus Interactions Based on Electron Scattering Data

by Vishvas Pandey

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008001 - 6 Jun 2023

Viewed by 961

A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus interaction physics is crucial to achieving precision goals in broader neutrino physics programs. The complexity of the nuclei comprising the detectors and the limited understanding of their weak response constitute two of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino [...] Read more.

A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus interaction physics is crucial to achieving precision goals in broader neutrino physics programs. The complexity of the nuclei comprising the detectors and the limited understanding of their weak response constitute two of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments—both at intermediate energies affecting short- and long-baseline neutrino programs and at lower energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino programs. While electron and neutrino interactions are different at the primary vertex, many underlying relevant physical processes in the nucleus are the same in both cases, and electron scattering data collected with precisely controlled kinematics, large statistics, and high precision allow one to constrain nuclear properties and specific interaction processes. To this end, electron–nucleus scattering experiments provide vital complementary information to test, assess, and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In fact, for many decades, the study of electron scattering off a nucleus has been used as a tool to probe the properties of that nucleus and its electromagnetic response. While previously existing electron scattering data provide important information, new and proposed measurements are tied closely to what is required for the neutrino program in terms of expanding kinematic reach, the addition of relevant nuclei, and information on the final-state hadronic system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1117 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Oscillation Physics Potential of JUNO

by Jinnan Zhang

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008002 - 19 Jun 2023

Viewed by 754

Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector located at a 700 m underground laboratory in South China (Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province). The exceptional energy resolution and the massive volume of the JUNO detector offer great opportunities for [...] Read more.

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector located at a 700 m underground laboratory in South China (Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province). The exceptional energy resolution and the massive volume of the JUNO detector offer great opportunities for addressing many essential topics in neutrino and astroparticle physics. JUNO’s primary goals are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure the related neutrino oscillation parameters. With reactor neutrino data, JUNO can determine the neutrino mass ordering with significent precision and measure the neutrino oscillation parameters

{sin}^{2} θ_{12}

,

Δ m_{21}^{2}

, and

Δ m_{31}^{2} / Δ m_{32}^{2}

to the sub-percent precision level. In addition, the atmospheric and solar neutrino measurements at JUNO can also provide important information for oscillation physics. This paper focuses on the oscillation physics potential of JUNO, including the sensitivity analysis and results based on the recent understanding of the detector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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9 pages, 1211 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Future of Experimental Muon Physics

by Kevin Lynch

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008003 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1070

Abstract

In this talk, I discuss a possible future for the global muon physics program. I focus on the future of flavor studies, precision measurements and searches that can be pursued with a new class of muonium beam sources, and emerging practical applications of [...] Read more.

In this talk, I discuss a possible future for the global muon physics program. I focus on the future of flavor studies, precision measurements and searches that can be pursued with a new class of muonium beam sources, and emerging practical applications of muons in the industrial, academic, and government sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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7 pages, 10118 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Searching for Muon to Electron Conversion with the COMET Experiment

by Sam Dekkers

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008004 - 27 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1037

Abstract

Charged lepton flavour violation processes provide a well-motivated experimental probe into new physics beyond the Standard Model. Muon to electron conversion is one example that the COMET experiment aims to measure with increased sensitivity over previous searches. Taking a staged approach, the COMET [...] Read more.

Charged lepton flavour violation processes provide a well-motivated experimental probe into new physics beyond the Standard Model. Muon to electron conversion is one example that the COMET experiment aims to measure with increased sensitivity over previous searches. Taking a staged approach, the COMET experiment will measure muon to electron conversion with sensitivities of

O (10^{- 15})

and

O (10^{- 17})

in Phase-I and Phase-II, respectively. An important initial low-intensity beam run, Phase-

α

, is also planned to begin in 2023 with Phase-I following in 2024. This article summarises the COMET experiment and the recent progress made towards the beginning of physics runs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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7 pages, 410 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electron–Nucleus Scattering in the NEUT Event Generator

by Stephen Dolan, Jordan McElwee, Sara Bolognesi, Yoshinari Hayato, Kevin McFarland, Guillermo Megias, Kajetan Niewczas, Luke Pickering, Jan Sobczyk, Lee Thompson and Clarence Wret

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008005 - 28 Jun 2023

Viewed by 714

Abstract

The NEUT event generator is a widely used tool to simulate neutrino interactions for energies between 10 s of MeV and a few TeV. NEUT plays a crucial role in neutrino oscillation analyses for the T2K and Hyper-K experiments, providing the primary simulation [...] Read more.

The NEUT event generator is a widely used tool to simulate neutrino interactions for energies between 10 s of MeV and a few TeV. NEUT plays a crucial role in neutrino oscillation analyses for the T2K and Hyper-K experiments, providing the primary simulation of neutrino interactions, whose final-state products are measured to infer the oscillation parameters. NEUT is also capable of simulating nucleon decay and hadron scattering. These proceedings present an expansion of NEUT to simulate electron scattering before showing comparisons to experimental measurements and using discrepancies to derive an empirical correction to NEUT’s treatment of nuclear removal energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Inclusive electron cross-section measurements [<a href="#B22-psf-08-00005" class="html-bibr">22</a>] (data points) compared to quasi-elastic electron-scattering generation in NEUT (blue histogram) as a function of energy transfer. The comparison is made for a number of different scattering angles and beam energies. The peaks are fitted with a fifth-order polynomial to extract the position (the smooth lines), and the difference between the peak positions is shown on each plot (“shift”, in GeV). The <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>q</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math> calculated at the peak position of the cross-section measurement (“<math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>q</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math>”, in GeV/c). Full article ">Figure 2
The shifts derived from <a href="#psf-08-00005-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a> are shown as a function of momentum transfer to reveal an approximately linear relationship, as described by the fitted line (a). The derived shift is interpreted as an <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>v</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math> correction and applied within NEUT, and the shifts are re-derived for the corrected model, showing there is no need for further corrections (b). Full article ">Figure 3
The NEUT simulation for CCQE interactions applying (magenta) and not applying (red) the derived <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>q</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math>-dependent removal energy correction on a carbon target using the T2K <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math> flux. The upper plots show the cross-section shape as a function of the energy transfer (left) and reconstructed neutrino energy (right), using the neutrino energy estimator from T2K (using lepton kinematics only [<a href="#B20-psf-08-00005" class="html-bibr">20</a>]). The lower plots show the bias and spread of the neutrino energy estimators used by T2K (left) and NOvA (right, using total energy deposits estimated using <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math> from Ref. [<a href="#B26-psf-08-00005" class="html-bibr">26</a>]). Full article ">

6 pages, 2474 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Status of the MEG II Experiment and Performance Results from the First Year’s Data Taking

by Dylan Palo

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008006 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 838

Abstract

We report on the MEG II experiment, a search for the charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) decay

μ^{+} \to e^{+} γ

. The experiment is designed to improve upon the most sensitive search for the decay, i.e., the MEG experiment, by [...] Read more.

We report on the MEG II experiment, a search for the charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) decay

μ^{+} \to e^{+} γ

. The experiment is designed to improve upon the most sensitive search for the decay, i.e., the MEG experiment, by an order of magnitude. The MEG II experiment aims to reach a final sensitivity of

6 \times 10^{- 14}

at the 90% confidence level. The experiment completed its first year of data collection in 2021. This proceedings discusses preliminary positron and photon data-driven kinematic resolution measurements and compares them to those of the MEG experiment and the MEG II design expectation. Preliminary estimates of the first year and final experiment sensitivity are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 17392 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neutrino Mass Ordering with IceCube DeepCore

by Maria Prado Rodriguez

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008007 - 30 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1203

Abstract

The neutrino mass ordering (NMO) is one of the last undetermined properties in the three-neutrino paradigm. NMO studies aim to answer the question of whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal (

m_{3} > m_{2} > m_{1}

) or inverted [...] Read more.

The neutrino mass ordering (NMO) is one of the last undetermined properties in the three-neutrino paradigm. NMO studies aim to answer the question of whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal (

m_{3} > m_{2} > m_{1}

) or inverted (

m_{2} > m_{1} > m_{3}

). We conduct a study of the NMO sensitivity with atmospheric neutrinos using 9.3 years of IceCube DeepCore data, where a new event selection, reconstruction method, particle identification, and systematic uncertainty modeling are used. The goals of this analysis consist of: (1) probing the NMO at neutrino baselines that are not accessible to long-baseline accelerator experiments, (2) contributing to NMO global fit studies in an important and unique way, (3) serving as a detailed study on the NMO in preparation for the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, which should significantly improve the DeepCore NMO sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 4821 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The ENUBET Monitored Neutrino Beam for High Precision Cross-Section Measurements

by C.C. Delogu, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, M. Calviani, S. Capelli, S. Carturan, M.G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, N. Charitonidis, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, B. Goddard, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, V. Kain, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, Ch. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, S. Marangoni, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, M. Nessi, A. Paoloni, M. Pari, T. Papaevangelou, E.G. Parozzi, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A.C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, M. Torti, S.E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza, F. Velotti and L. Votano Show full author list Hide full author list

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008008 - 30 Jun 2023

Viewed by 787

Abstract

The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The goal of reducing this uncertainty to 1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association [...] Read more.

The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The goal of reducing this uncertainty to 1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association with neutrinos, by properly instrumenting the decay region of a conventional narrow-band neutrino beam. Large-angle muons and positrons from kaons are measured by a sampling calorimeter on the decay tunnel walls, while muon stations after the hadron dump can be used to monitor the neutrino component from pion decays. Furthermore, the narrow momentum width (<10%) of the beam provides a O (10%) measurement of the neutrino energy on an event-by-event basis, thanks to its correlation with the radial position of the interaction at the neutrino detector. The ENUBET project has been funded by the ERC in 2016 to prove the feasibility of such a monitored neutrino beam and, since 2019, ENUBET is also a CERN neutrino platform experiment (NP06/ENUBET). The breakthrough the project achieved is the design of a horn-less neutrino beamline that would allow for a 1% measurement of

ν_{e}

and

ν_{μ}

cross-sections in about 3 years of data taking at CERN-SPS, using ProtoDUNE as far detector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 386 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Can Deviation from Maximal θ₂₃ Be Resolved in DUNE?

by Masoom Singh, Ritam Kundu, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla and Suprabh Prakash

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008009 - 6 Jul 2023

Viewed by 617

Abstract

Current global analyses of 3

ν

oscillation data point towards non-maximal

θ_{23}

, but the maximal value of

θ_{23} = 45^{\circ}

is still allowed at 3

σ

confidence level. It is expected that DUNE will establish the non-maximal value of [...] Read more.

Current global analyses of 3

ν

oscillation data point towards non-maximal

θ_{23}

, but the maximal value of

θ_{23} = 45^{\circ}

is still allowed at 3

σ

confidence level. It is expected that DUNE will establish the non-maximal value of

θ_{23}

at high confidence level if

θ_{23} \neq 45^{\circ}

in nature. In this work, we present, in detail, the sensitivity of DUNE to establish the deviation from maximal

θ_{23}

. We find that a 3

σ

(5

σ

) determination of non-maximal

θ_{23}

is possible in DUNE with an exposure of 336 kt·MW·years, if the true value of

{sin}^{2} θ_{23} \leq 0.465 (0.450)

or

{sin}^{2} θ_{23} \geq 0.554 (0.572)

for any value of true

δ_{CP}

and true choice of normal mass ordering. We also discuss the extent of individual contributions from appearance and disappearance channels and the impacts of systematic uncertainties and total exposure, while addressing the discovery of non-maximal of

θ_{23}

in DUNE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

From Inclusive to Semi-Inclusive One-Nucleon Knockout in Neutrino Event Generators

by Alexis Nikolakopoulos, Steven Gardiner, Afroditi Papadopoulou, Stephen Dolan and Raúl González-Jiménez

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008010 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 619

Abstract

In neutrino event generators, for models for neutrino and electron scattering, only inclusive cross sections are implemented. When these models are used to describe a semi-inclusive cross section, the event generator attaches the hadron variables based on some assumptions. In this work, we [...] Read more.

In neutrino event generators, for models for neutrino and electron scattering, only inclusive cross sections are implemented. When these models are used to describe a semi-inclusive cross section, the event generator attaches the hadron variables based on some assumptions. In this work, we compared the nucleon kinematics given by the method used in the GENIE event generator, e.g., in the implementation of the SuSAv2 model, to a fully unfactorized calculation using the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA). We focused on kinematics relevant to the

e 4 ν

analysis and showed that observables obtained with RDWIA differ significantly from those of the approximate method used in GENIE; the latter should be considered unrealistic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Energy Reconstruction and Calibration of the MicroBooNE LArTPC

by Wanwei Wu

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008011 - 14 Jul 2023

Viewed by 630

Abstract

The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is increasingly becoming the chosen technology for current and future precision neutrino oscillation experiments due to its superior capability in particle tracking and energy calorimetry. In LArTPCs, calorimetric information is critical for particle identification, which is [...] Read more.

The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is increasingly becoming the chosen technology for current and future precision neutrino oscillation experiments due to its superior capability in particle tracking and energy calorimetry. In LArTPCs, calorimetric information is critical for particle identification, which is the foundation for neutrino cross-sections and oscillation measurements, as well as searches for beyond-standard-model physics. One of the primary challenges in employing LArTPC technology is characterizing its performance and quantifying the associated systematic uncertainties. MicroBooNE, the longest-operating LArTPC to date, has performed numerous such measurements, including studies of detector physics and electromagnetic shower reconstruction. Here, we present results on the operation and performance of the detector during its data taking, highlighting accomplishments toward calorimetric reconstruction, calibration, and detector physics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Event displays of an example neutrino candidate from MicroBooNE data (run 3493, event 41,075) showing a Y-plane view through each stage of signal processing. Figure is taken from Ref. [<a href="#B7-psf-08-00011" class="html-bibr">7</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
Results of the calculation of electric field distortion magnitude for a central slice in z, comparing Monte Carlo simulation (left) to data (right). The distortion is due to SCE. Figure is taken from Ref. [<a href="#B9-psf-08-00011" class="html-bibr">9</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
Calibrated and uncalibrated <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>Q</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math> from crossing muons in MicroBooNE data in the collection plane (left), and comparison between the predicted and fitted most probable <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math> values for stopping muons in MicroBooNE data using the collection plane (right). Plots are taken from Ref. [<a href="#B8-psf-08-00011" class="html-bibr">8</a>]. Full article ">Figure 4
Ratio (data/simulation) and fitted simulation modification functions for mean hit width vs. x on each of the three wire planes (left), and measured diphoton invariant mass distribution using BNB beam data with uncertainties (right). Plots are taken from Ref. [<a href="#B11-psf-08-00011" class="html-bibr">11</a>]. Full article ">

7 pages, 1112 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Transverse Enhancement, Longitudinal Quenching and Coulomb Sum Rule in e-¹²C and e-¹⁶O Quasielastic Scattering

by Arie Bodek and Michael Eric Christy

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008012 - 18 Jul 2023

Viewed by 567

Abstract

We present a short summary of a phenomenological analysis of all available electron scattering data on

^{12} C

(about 6600 differential cross-section measurements) and on

^{16} O

(about 250 measurements) within the framework of the quasielastic (QE) superscaling model (including Pauli blocking). All [...] Read more.

We present a short summary of a phenomenological analysis of all available electron scattering data on

^{12} C

(about 6600 differential cross-section measurements) and on

^{16} O

(about 250 measurements) within the framework of the quasielastic (QE) superscaling model (including Pauli blocking). All QE and inelastic cross-section measurements are included down to the lowest momentum transfer 3-vector

q

(including photo-production data). We find that there is enhancement of the transverse QE response function (

R_{T}^{Q E}

) and quenching of the QE longitudinal response function (

R_{L}^{Q E}

) at low

q

(in addition to Pauli blocking). We extract parameterizations of a

m u l t i p l i c a t i v e

low

q

“longitudinal quenching factor” and an

a d d i t i v e

“transverse enhancement” contribution. The fit can be used as a proxy to validate the modeling of cross sections in Monte Carlo event generators for electron and neutrino (

ν_{e, μ}

) scattering. Additionally, we find that the excitation of nuclear states contributes significantly (up to 30%) to the Coulomb sum rule

S L (q)

. We extract the most accurate determination of

S L (q)

to date and find it to be in disagreement with random phase approximation (RPA) based calculations but in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical calculations, such as “first-principle Green’s function Monte Carlo”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 5290 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Options for PMT Electronics for the Hyper-Kamiokande Far Detector

by Shota Izumiyama

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008013 - 19 Jul 2023

Viewed by 789

Abstract

The Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrinos and nucleon decay experiment. It consists of a huge Water Cherenkov detector and a high-intensity neutrino beam factory with a neutrino near detector complex. We are constructing the detector and planning to start operation in 2027. The [...] Read more.

The Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrinos and nucleon decay experiment. It consists of a huge Water Cherenkov detector and a high-intensity neutrino beam factory with a neutrino near detector complex. We are constructing the detector and planning to start operation in 2027. The photo sensor is one of the key components of the Water Cherenkov detector, and we decided to use large aperture PMTs of

50 cm

diameter. It is required to prepare suitable digitizer for this particular PMT signal, which has twice as a good performance as those of the current PMTs. They should have sub-ns timing resolution and a wide dynamic range from

𝒪 (mV)

to

𝒪 (V)

. We have developed three designs using different technologies. The first design processes the input signal in a pipeline of charge-to-time conversion and time-to-digital conversion. The second digitizes the input signal with flash-ADC. The third one uses the discrete components of discriminator and sampling ADC to record the timing and the charge of the input signal. Through a detailed evaluation, we have selected the “discrete design” for our readout system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1365 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

T2K Latest Results on Neutrino–Nucleus Cross-Sections

by Andrew Cudd

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008014 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 678

Abstract

A detailed understanding of neutrino–nucleus interactions is essential for the precise measurement of neutrino oscillations at long baseline experiments, such as T2K. The T2K near detector complex, designed to constrain the T2K flux and cross-section models, also provides a complementary program of neutrino [...] Read more.

A detailed understanding of neutrino–nucleus interactions is essential for the precise measurement of neutrino oscillations at long baseline experiments, such as T2K. The T2K near detector complex, designed to constrain the T2K flux and cross-section models, also provides a complementary program of neutrino interaction cross-section measurements. Through the use of multiple target materials (carbon, water, lead, iron), and the ability to sample different neutrino spectra (with detectors located on- and off-axis with respect to the beam direction), T2K is able to investigate atomic number and energy dependence of interaction cross-sections in a single experiment. In particular, T2K has recently performed the first joint on-/off-axis measurement of the charged current channel without pion in the final state. Furthermore, dedicated efforts are devoted to investigating rare or poorly studied interaction channels. Indeed, an improved analysis of the coherent pion production cross-section was recently accomplished, including an anti-neutrino sample for the first time. Those results, together with an overview of the T2K measurement strategy, adopted to reduce the model dependence, will be presented in these proceedings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 402 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Calibrating for Precision Calorimetry in LArTPCs at ICARUS and SBN

by Gray Putnam

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008015 - 20 Jul 2023

Viewed by 626

Abstract

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermilab consists of multiple Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors in a single neutrino beam. SBN will have a broad physics program that includes GeV-scale neutrino cross section measurements and physics searches beyond the Standard Model [...] Read more.

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermilab consists of multiple Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors in a single neutrino beam. SBN will have a broad physics program that includes GeV-scale neutrino cross section measurements and physics searches beyond the Standard Model including a search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations. Especially for the oscillation program at SBN (and, looking ahead, at DUNE) it is imperative to have accurate and precise energy measurements that can be related to the true neutrino energy. At ICARUS, we have developed a precise energy scale calibration procedure to match the needs of these physics goals. Two innovations are important here. First, diffusion plays a role in determining the energy scale in LArTPC calibration in a manner unappreciated by previous experiments. Second, incorporating systematic uncertainties into the energy scale calibration fit allows for a precise determination of the uncertainty of calorimetric measurements in a way that could be propogated to higher-level analyses. The result from the calibration procedure outlined herein is now being applied to neutrino beam data at ICARUS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
(Left) Profile of true most probable energy loss (<math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math>) for through-going cosmic muons as a function of drift time observed in ICARUS for the (biased) 1-wire measurement (top) and the (unbiased) 10-wire measurement (bottom). (Right) Profile of most-probable charge deposited (<math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>Q</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math>) from through-going cosmic muons in in ICARUS data as a function of drift time for the 1-wire and 10-wire measurements. In Monte Carlo, the energy loss of the 1-wire measurement increases with increasing drift time (due to the drift dependent effect of diffusion on wire-sensitive thickness). (The 10-wire measurement obtains a larger <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math> value (due to the higher wire-sensitive thickness from summing 10 adjacent wires) that is flat across the detector (because the 10-wire spacing dominates over the diffusion length). Correspondingly, in data the most probable value (MPV) of the 1-wire measurement increases relative to the 10-wire measurement with increasing drift time. We use the unbiased 10-wire measurement to extract the electron lifetime in the ICARUS calibration procedure. Full article ">Figure 2
Example profile of <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>Q</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></semantics></math> vs. residual range (a proxy for momentum) for cosmic muons in the gain measurement fit. Data are shown for one ICARUS TPC (WE) in two bins of drift time. Full article ">Figure 3
(Left) Comparison of calibrated calorimetric energy and range reconstructed energy for cosmic muons, fit to a double Gaussian. (Right) Systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration with and without applying correlation between gain and recombination (see <a href="#sec3dot2-psf-08-00015" class="html-sec">Section 3.2</a>). Full article ">

6 pages, 953 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensitivity to Cabibbo-Suppressed Λ Production in MicroBooNE

by Christopher Thorpe

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008016 - 20 Jul 2023

Viewed by 647

Abstract

The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 ton active mass that receives flux from the Booster Neutrino and the Nutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beams, providing excellent spatial resolution of the reconstructed final-state particles. Since [...] Read more.

The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 ton active mass that receives flux from the Booster Neutrino and the Nutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beams, providing excellent spatial resolution of the reconstructed final-state particles. Since 2015, MicroBooNE has accumulated many neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering events with argon nuclei enabling searches for rare interaction channels. The Cabibbo-suppressed production of hyperons in anti-neutrino–nucleus interactions provides sensitivity to a range of effects, including second-class currents, SU(3) symmetry violations and reinteractions between the hyperon and the nuclear remnant. This channel exclusively involves anti-neutrinos, offering an unambiguous constraint on wrong-sign contamination. The effects of nucleon structure and final state interactions are distinct from those affecting the quasielastic channel and modify the

Λ

and

Σ

production cross sections in different ways, providing new information that could help to break their degeneracy. Few measurements of this channel have been made, primarily in older experiments such as Gargamelle. We present the sensitivity of the MicroBooNE experiment to the cross section for direct (Cabibbo-suppressed)

Λ

production in muon anti-neutrino interactions, using anti-neutrinos from the off-axis NuMI beam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Event display of simulated signal event. The different colors indicate ionization of the argon in the detector, with green/red indicating weaker/stronger ionization. Full article ">Figure 2
Kinematic variables employed by the selection, with the signal strength multiplied by 20 for visibility. Events with <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.09</mn><mo><</mo><mrow><mi>reconstructed</mi><mo> </mo><mi>invariant</mi><mo> </mo><mi>mas</mi></mrow><mo><</mo><mn>1.14</mn></mrow></semantics></math> GeV/c and <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo><</mo><msup><mn>14</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math> are selected. Full article ">Figure 3
Three stages of the island finding, applied to a signal MC simulation event. The deconvolved wire activity is filtered, removing any pixels below a threshold value. The starting positions of the tracks, mapped into wire-time space coordinates, are used to determine if the proton and pion form a separate island to the muon. (a) Deconvolved wire signals. (b) After application of the threshold filter. (c) After generating islands. The blue region is the muon island, the pink the combined proton/pion island. Green represents unused activity. Full article ">Figure 4
Bayesian posterior probability distributions of the cross section for different values of <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>obs</mi></msub></semantics></math>, compared with the value predicted by MicroBooNE’s GENIE tune [<a href="#B17-psf-08-00016" class="html-bibr">17</a>]. Full article ">

6 pages, 1594 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

LDMX: The Light Dark Matter eXperiment and M³: The Muon Missing Momentum Experiment

by Matthew Solt

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008017 - 20 Jul 2023

Viewed by 850

Abstract

The constituents of dark matter are still unknown, and the viable possibilities span a very large mass range. The scenario where dark matter originates from thermal contact with familiar matter in the early Universe requires the DM mass to lie within approximately an [...] Read more.

The constituents of dark matter are still unknown, and the viable possibilities span a very large mass range. The scenario where dark matter originates from thermal contact with familiar matter in the early Universe requires the DM mass to lie within approximately an MeV to 100 TeV. Considerable experimental attention has been given to exploring weakly interacting massive particles in the upper end of this range (few GeV–TeV), while the MeV to GeV region has been steadily gaining more attention in recent years. If there is an interaction between light DM and ordinary matter, as there must be in the case of a thermal origin, then there is a production mechanism in accelerator-based experiments. The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is a planned electron-beam fixed-target missing-momentum experiment that has unique sensitivity to light DM in the sub-GeV range. Of particular interest to the NuFact muon working group is a proposal for a muon LDMX that uses a muon beam to probe the electron-phobic scenario. This contribution will provide an overview of the theoretical motivation, the main experimental challenges, how they are addressed, and the projected sensitivities in comparison to other experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 457 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Coherent Neutrino Scattering and Quenching Factor Measurement

by Jiajun Liao

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008018 - 21 Jul 2023

Viewed by 762

Abstract

The latest direct measurements of the germanium quenching factor deviate significantly from the standard Lindhard model for nuclear recoil energies at the sub keV region. Here, we show that the recently measured coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CE

ν

NS) data from reactor antineutrinos [...] Read more.

The latest direct measurements of the germanium quenching factor deviate significantly from the standard Lindhard model for nuclear recoil energies at the sub keV region. Here, we show that the recently measured coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CE

ν

NS) data from reactor antineutrinos can be used to probe the quenching factor model, and a 2

σ

improvement can be achieved in the fit to the measured CE

ν

NS data if the quenching factor is described by a modified Lindhard model with a negative value of q, which is also consistent with the direct quenching factor measurement. Constraints on the parameter space of a light vector or scalar mediator that couples to neutrinos and quarks, and on a neutrino magnetic moment, are also placed by using the measured CE

ν

NS data, and we find that they are quite sensitive to the quenching factor model at low recoil energies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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15 pages, 1725 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

CEνNS Experiment Proposal at CSNS

by Chenguang Su, Qian Liu and Tianjiao Liang

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008019 - 24 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 735

Abstract

The detection and cross-section measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) are vital for particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Therefore, a new CEvNS detection experiment is proposed in China. Undoped CsI crystals, each coupled with two Photon Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), will be [...] Read more.

The detection and cross-section measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) are vital for particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Therefore, a new CEvNS detection experiment is proposed in China. Undoped CsI crystals, each coupled with two Photon Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), will be cooled down to 77 K and placed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) to detect the CEvNS signals produced by neutrinos from stopped pion decays occurring within the Tungsten target of CSNS. Owing to the extremely high light yield of pure CsI at 77 K, even though it only has a neutrino flux 60% weaker than the COHERENT experiment, the detectable signal event rate is still expected to be 0.074/day/kg (0.053/day/kg for COHERENT). Low-radioactivity materials and devices will be used to construct the detector, and strong shielding will be applied to reduce the radioactive and neutron background. Dual-PMT readout should be able to reject PMT dark count background. Using all the strategies mentioned above, we hope to reach a 5.1

σ

signal detection significance within six months of data collection with four 3 kg CsI. This paper will discuss the experiment’s design, as well as the estimation of the signal, various kinds of background, and expected signal sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1773 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Interdigital H-Mode Drift Tube Linear Accelerator for a Muon Linear Accelerator

by Yuga Nakazawa, Ersin Cicek, Hiroyasu Ego, Yoshinori Fukao, Kenta Futatsukawa, Kazuo Hasegawa, Toru Iijima, Hiromi Iinuma, Kenji Inami, Katsuhiko Ishida, Naritoshi Kawamura, Ryo Kitamura, Yasuhiro Kondo, Tsutomu Mibe, Yasuhiro Miyake, Takatoshi Morishita, Masashi Otani, Naohito Saito, Koichiro Shimomura, Yuki Sue, Kazumichi Sumi, Kazuhito Suzuki, Tomohiro Takayanagi, Yusuke Takeuchi, Junji Tojo, Takayuki Yamazaki, Hiromasa Yasuda and Mai Yotsuzuka Show full author list Hide full author list

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008020 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 930

Abstract

The muon anomalous magnetic moment (

g - 2

) measurement at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL-E989) is consistent with a previous experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL-E821), and these results show a deviation of 4.2 standard deviations from the prediction [...] Read more.

The muon anomalous magnetic moment (

g - 2

) measurement at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL-E989) is consistent with a previous experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL-E821), and these results show a deviation of 4.2 standard deviations from the prediction of the Standard Model. This deviation may suggest the existence of unknown particles, and a completely different approach from previous experiments is needed for further verification. The J-PARC experiment’s objective is to measure the muon g-2 and the electric dipole moment (EDM) with high precision using a new method with a low-emittance muon beam generated by RF linear acceleration. In this paper, the development of an interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) for the muon linear accelerator is described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 942 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

IsoDAR@Yemilab—A Definitive Search for Noble Neutrinos and Other BSM Physics ^†

by Daniel Winklehner

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008021 - 25 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 822

Abstract

The IsoDAR neutrino source comprises a novel compact cyclotron capable of delivering 10 mA of 60 MeV protons in cw mode and a high-power neutrino production target. It has obtained preliminary approval to run at the new underground facility Yemilab in South Korea. [...] Read more.

The IsoDAR neutrino source comprises a novel compact cyclotron capable of delivering 10 mA of 60 MeV protons in cw mode and a high-power neutrino production target. It has obtained preliminary approval to run at the new underground facility Yemilab in South Korea. IsoDAR will produce a very pure, isotropic

{\bar{ν}}_{e}

source, with a peak neutrino energy of around 6 MeV and an endpoint around 15 MeV. Paired with a kton-scale detector like the planned Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) at Yemilab, IsoDAR can measure

{\bar{ν}}_{e}

disappearance through the inverse beta decay (IBD) channel. We expect about

1.67 \cdot 10^{6}

IBD events and 7000

{\bar{ν}}_{e}

– e

^{-}

elastic scatter events in the LSC in five years of running, letting us distinguish many different models for noble (aka sterile) neutrinos and significantly improving existing limits for Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs). Finally, IsoDAR@Yemilab is sensitive to new particles produced in the target (such as light X bosons that decay to

{\bar{ν}}_{e}

ν_{e}

). We describe the accelerator developments for IsoDAR that enable us to produce about a mole of neutrinos in five years of running. These include direct injection through a radiofrequency quadrupole, exploiting complex beam dynamics, and applying machine learning in accelerator design and optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
CAD model of the Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) and IsoDAR areas in the Yemilab facility. From right to left: The cyclotron provides a 10 mA proton beam that is guided through the beamline to the target where <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub></semantics></math> are produced. The LSC counts inverse beta decay (IBD) events. All caverns are excavated (an example can be seen in the photograph). Full article ">Figure 2
From left to right: A 3 + 1, a 3 + 2, and a 3 + 1-with-decay (of the noble neutrino) model. The decay model (right) does not include position and energy smearing expected from the Yemilab detector, while the other two do. The decay time is consistent with recent IceCube results [<a href="#B15-psf-08-00021" class="html-bibr">15</a>]. From [<a href="#B7-psf-08-00021" class="html-bibr">7</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
CAD rendering of an HCHC-60 and the HCHC-01 prototype. The beam is created in the ion source, pre-accelerated and bunched in the RFQ, and injected into the cyclotron through the spiral inflector (see text). Full article ">Figure 4
(Left): CAD rendering of the IsoDAR high-power neutrino target. The beam enters from the left and strikes the torpedo with three hemispherical shells (orange). Neutrons flood into the surrounding sleeve (stainless steel vessel, green, filled with a mix of Li and Be) where neutrinos are produced. (Right): Close-up of the shells making up the beam target and temperature distribution in the water (heavy water is pumped through the shells to take away the 600 kW of power). From [<a href="#B2-psf-08-00021" class="html-bibr">2</a>]. Full article ">

6 pages, 20277 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Status of the Short-Baseline Near Detector at Fermilab

by Miquel Nebot-Guinot

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008022 - 25 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 872

Abstract

The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will be one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector is currently in [...] Read more.

The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will be one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector is currently in the construction phase and is anticipated to begin operation in 2023. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record over a million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). It will enable the potential of the overall SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate, and by constraining BNB flux and neutrino–argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this proceedings article, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 402 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

First Result of the High Repetition Operation in J-PARC MR

by Takaaki Yasui, Susumu Igarashi, Yoichi Sato and Hideaki Hotchi

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008023 - 26 Jul 2023

Viewed by 693

Abstract

We performed beam studies with a cycling period of 1.36 s in the main ring synchrotron (MR) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) after hardware upgrade to enable high repetition operation. After optics tuning, we have successfully controlled the beam with an [...] Read more.

We performed beam studies with a cycling period of 1.36 s in the main ring synchrotron (MR) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) after hardware upgrade to enable high repetition operation. After optics tuning, we have successfully controlled the beam with an intensity of

2.7 \times 10^{13}

protons per bunch, corresponding to a beam power of 740 kW considering the beam survival ratio, during the beam injection period. We have verified the beam optics for the 740 kW FX operation. Split quadrupole families caused three-fold symmetry breaking of the beam optics, resulting in deterioration of the beam survivals. We are planning further beam loss reduction by adding correction quadrupole magnetic fields and recovering the three-fold symmetry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Beta functions (left) and ratios of measured to model beta functions (right). The blue circles and red triangles denote horizontal and vertical measured results, respectively. The blue and red lines in the left panel show horizontal and vertical model betas, respectively. Full article ">Figure 2
Fourier spectra of horizontal beam center positions measured every 1 ms at high-dispersion positions. The blue and red lines show the spectra before and after the upgrade, respectively. Full article ">Figure 3
Beam survival ratio measured by DCCT before (blue) and after (red) adjusting split quadrupole families (left panel), and beam loss counts measured by proportional beam loss monitors during 220 ms (right panel). The beam intensity was <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>2.7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>13</mn></msup></mrow></semantics></math> ppb. The horizontal axis of the right panel represents the address assigned based on the positions of the quadrupole magnets. The gains of the proportional beam loss monitors at non-collimator area (violet bars) were 8 times larger than those at collimator area (green bars). Full article ">Figure 4
Horizontal (left) and vertical (right) measured phase advances of the three arc sections in the MR before (blue triangles) and after (red circles) adjusting split quadrupole families. The error bars show the rms of 10 data. Full article ">

6 pages, 555 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Monitored Neutrino Beam at the European Spallation Source

by Francesco Terranova, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, S. Capelli, S. Carturan, M. G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, C. Delogu, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, Ch. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, S. Marangoni, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, A. Paoloni, T. Papaevangelou, M. Pari, E. G. Parozzi, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A. C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, M. Torti, S. E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza and L. Votano Show full author list Hide full author list

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008024 - 25 Jul 2023

Viewed by 981

Abstract

Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision

< 1

%) and provide [...] Read more.

Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision

< 1

%) and provide information about the neutrino energy at the 10% level. The ENUBET Collaboration has demonstrated that lepton monitoring might be achieved not only by employing kaon decays but also by identifying muons from the

π^{+} \to μ^{+} ν_{μ}

decays and positrons from the decay-in-flight of muons before the hadron dump. As a consequence, beam monitoring can be performed using the ENUBET technique even when the kaon production yield is kinematically suppressed. This finding opens up a wealth of opportunities for measuring neutrino cross-sections below 1 GeV. In this paper, we investigate this opportunity at the European Spallation Source (ESS), which is an ideal facility to measure

ν_{μ}

and

ν_{e}

cross-sections in the 0.2–1 GeV range. We also describe the planned activities for the design of this beam at the ESS within the framework of the ESS

ν

SB+ design study, which was approved by the EU in July 2022. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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2820 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

JUNO Status and Physics Potential

by Livia Ludhova

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008025 - 28 Jul 2023

Viewed by 905

Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment under construction in an underground laboratory with a 650 m rock overburden near Jiangmen in southern China. The detector’s main component will be 20 kton of liquid scintillator held in a spherical acrylic [...] Read more.

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment under construction in an underground laboratory with a 650 m rock overburden near Jiangmen in southern China. The detector’s main component will be 20 kton of liquid scintillator held in a spherical acrylic vessel. The experiment is designed for the determination of neutrino mass ordering, one of the key open questions in neutrino physics. This measurement will be based on observations of the vacuum oscillation pattern of antineutrinos from two nuclear power plants at a baseline of 53 km. The estimated sensitivity is 3

σ

in about six years with 26.6 GW

_{th}

of reactor power. A key ingredient for the success is an excellent and extremely challenging energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV. The light produced by the scintillator will be seen by 17,612 large twenty-inch PMTs and 25,600 small three-inch PMTs. The OSIRIS detector will monitor the radio purity of the liquid scintillator during the months-long filling process of the main detector. The unoscillated antineutrino spectrum from one reactor core will be measured with unprecedented precision by the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO), located at a baseline of about 30 m. JUNO is expected to substantially improve the precision of

{sin}^{2} 2 θ_{12}

,

Δ m_{21}^{2}

, and

Δ m_{31}^{2}

neutrino oscillation parameters. Astrophysical measurements of solar, geo-, supernova, DSNB, and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as searching for proton decay and dark matter, are integral parts of the vast JUNO physics program. This contribution reviews the physics goals and current status of the JUNO project. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 511 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Searches for Dark Matter in the Sun with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope

by Christoph Tönnis

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008026 - 31 Jul 2023

Viewed by 744

Abstract

The IceCube detector is particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos due to its size and photosensor spacing. In this review we present results from the search for dark matter in the sun and earth, including a search for dark matter that annihilates into a [...] Read more.

The IceCube detector is particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos due to its size and photosensor spacing. In this review we present results from the search for dark matter in the sun and earth, including a search for dark matter that annihilates into a metastable mediator that subsequently decays into standard model particles and a search for solar atmospheric neutrinos that present a significant background to solar dark matter searches. We present the results from different searches for dark matter in the sun and the earth in this proceeding paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Charged-Meson-Induced New Physics in Beam-Focused Neutrino Experiments

by Doojin Kim

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008027 - 31 Jul 2023

Viewed by 667

Abstract

We discuss the phenomenology of dark-sector signals coming not only from the conventionally-used neutral meson decays but also from recently-realized charged-meson decays. We argue that charged mesons can be overlooked even though there are efficient sources of dark-sector particles. Two applications are presented: [...] Read more.

We discuss the phenomenology of dark-sector signals coming not only from the conventionally-used neutral meson decays but also from recently-realized charged-meson decays. We argue that charged mesons can be overlooked even though there are efficient sources of dark-sector particles. Two applications are presented: a dark-sector interpretation of the MiniBooNE excess and an anomalous appearance of

ν_{τ}

in the near detector of beam-focused neutrino experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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10 pages, 1460 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Muons: A Gateway to New Physics

by Jonathan Kriewald

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008028 - 1 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 757

Abstract

The discovery of neutrino oscillations is the first laboratory evidence of New Physics beyond the Standard Model. Oscillating neutrinos necessarily imply that neutrinos are massive and that (neutral) lepton flavour is violated. However, a signal of charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) has so [...] Read more.

The discovery of neutrino oscillations is the first laboratory evidence of New Physics beyond the Standard Model. Oscillating neutrinos necessarily imply that neutrinos are massive and that (neutral) lepton flavour is violated. However, a signal of charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) has so far eluded experimental discovery. In this proceeding, we review some phenomenological implications of the current experimental bounds (and future sensitivities) on observables related to muons, with particular attention to charged lepton flavour violating processes. In connection to neutrino masses, we also highlight some phenomenological implications of leptonic CP violation on cLFV observables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
New Physics scales to be indirectly probed by the indicated observables. The darkened areas are the “naïve” New Physics scales, by assuming the Wilson coefficients of order one, the coloured bars indicate the inherent New Physics scales assuming weak interaction strengths, and the hatched areas account for loop suppression due to higher-order effects. Figure taken from ref. [<a href="#B37-psf-08-00028" class="html-bibr">37</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
Left Correlation of <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>e</mi></mrow></semantics></math> cLFV observables, for varying values of the CPV Dirac and Majorana phases: vanishing values (blue), non-vanishing (orange), and “special grid” (green); see the description in the text. Right BR<math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math> vs. BR<math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>μ</mi><mi>μ</mi><mi>μ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math>. The olive-green, cyan, and purple points denote an associated CP asymmetry <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>μ</mi><mi>τ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo><mo>≥</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math> 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, while the orange points denote CP asymmetries ≤ 10%. From [<a href="#B42-psf-08-00028" class="html-bibr">42</a>,<a href="#B43-psf-08-00028" class="html-bibr">43</a>]. Full article ">

6 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Total Neutron Cross-Section Measurement on CH with a Novel 3D-Projection Scintillator Detector

by Ciro Riccio, Anushka Agarwal, Howard Budd, Jordi Capó, Pooi Chong, Georgios Christodoulou, Mikhail Danilov, Anna Dergacheva, Albert De Roeck, Neha Dokania, Dana Douqa, Katherine Dugas, Sergei Fedotov, Sunwoo Gwon, Ryan Howell, Konosuke Iwamoto, Cesar Jesú-Valls, Chang Kee Jung, Siva Prasad Kasetti, Marat Khabibullin, Alexey Khotjantsev, Tatsuya Kikawa, Umut Kose, Yuri Kudenko, Soichiro Kuribayashi, Thomas Kutter, David Last, Shih-Kai Lin, Thorsten Lux, Steven Manly, David A. Martinez Caicedo, Sergei Martynenko, Tsunayuki Matsubara, Christopher Mauger, Kevin McFarland, Clark McGrew, Aleksandr Mefodiev, Oleg Mineev, Takeshi Nakadaira, Etam Noah, Andrew Olivier, Vittorio Paolone, Sandro Palestini, Alexander Paul-Torres, Rachel Pellegrino, Manuel Alejandro Ramírez, Jairo Rodriguez Rondon, Federico Sanchez, Davide Sgalaberna, Wilf Shorrock, Andriaseta Sitraka, Kim Siyeon, Nataliya Skrobova, Sergey Suvorov, Abraham Teklu, Martin Tzanov, Yoshi Uchida, Clarence Wret, Guang Yang, Nikolay Yershov, Masashi Yokoyama and Perri Zilberman Show full author list Hide full author list

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008029 - 1 Aug 2023

Viewed by 822

Abstract

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions on nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been unable to detect final state neutrons. A novel three-dimensional projection scintillator tracker will be [...] Read more.

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions on nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been unable to detect final state neutrons. A novel three-dimensional projection scintillator tracker will be a component of the upgraded off-axis near detector of the T2K experiment. Due to the good timing resolution and fine granularity, this technology is capable of measuring neutron kinematics in neutrino interactions on an event-by-event basis and will provide valuable data for refining neutrino interaction models. A prototype is exposed to the neutron beamline at Los Alamos National Laboratory with neutron energies between 0 and 800 MeV. In order to demonstrate the capability to measure neutron kinematics, the total neutron–scintillator cross section as a function of the neutron kinetic energy is measured. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1845 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Searching for Charged Lepton Flavour Violation with Mu3e

by Ann-Kathrin Perrevoort

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008030 - 2 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 752

Abstract

The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in particular [...] Read more.

The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in particular benefit from the fact that muons can be easily produced at high rates. There is a global effort to search for LFV at high-intensity muon sources to which the upcoming Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will contribute. The Mu3e Collaboration aims to perform a background-free search for the LFV decay

μ^{+} \to e^{+} e^{-} e^{+}

with an unprecedented sensitivity in the order of 10⁻¹⁵ in the first phase of operation and 10⁻¹⁶ in the final phase—an improvement over the preceding SINDRUM experiment by four orders of magnitude. The high muon stopping rates and low momenta of the decay electrons make high demands on momentum and time resolution and on the data acquisition. The innovative experimental concept is based on a tracking detector built from novel ultra-thin silicon pixel sensors and scintillating fibres and tiles as well as online event reconstruction and filtering in real time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Calibration Strategy for the JUNO Experiment

by Davide Basilico

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008031 - 1 Aug 2023

Viewed by 760

Abstract

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment, being built in the Guangdong province in Southern China. JUNO will act as a multipurpose observatory for neutrinos produced by artificial and natural sources. The detector calibration is a crucial [...] Read more.

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment, being built in the Guangdong province in Southern China. JUNO will act as a multipurpose observatory for neutrinos produced by artificial and natural sources. The detector calibration is a crucial and challenging tile for the success of the JUNO rich physics programme; its strategy is based on the periodical deployment of radioactive sources within the liquid scintillator. The hardware design consists of several independent and low-background subsystems able to deploy the sources in multiple positions, to optimize the energy resolution and to provide a detailed assessment of the detector energy response. By exploiting this comprehensive calibration program, along with a dual calorimetry technique based on two independent photosensor systems, the JUNO central detector will be able to achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, which are crucial requirements for the neutrino mass ordering determination. In the following, the JUNO calibration strategy and requirements, along with the system hardware design and the simulation results, will be outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1321 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Online Machine-Learning-Based Event Selection for COMET Phase-I

by Yuki Fujii, Masaki Miyataki, MyeongJae Lee, Yu Nakazawa, Liam Pinchbeck, Kazuki Ueno and Hisataka Yoshida

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008032 - 3 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1076

Abstract

In many modern particle physics experiments, high-rate data handling is one of the most critical challenges due to the increase in particle intensity required to achieve higher statistics. We will tackle the challenge in the COMET experiment by developing the sub-microseconds ultra-fast machine [...] Read more.

In many modern particle physics experiments, high-rate data handling is one of the most critical challenges due to the increase in particle intensity required to achieve higher statistics. We will tackle the challenge in the COMET experiment by developing the sub-microseconds ultra-fast machine learning (ML) algorithm implemented inside FPGAs to search for the lepton flavour violation process, a

μ

-e conversion, using the world’s most intense muon beam. Our previous study showed that a trigger algorithm based on a gradient-boosted decision tree will realise the sufficient trigger performance within 3.2

μ

s with a cut-based event classification. In this paper, we further investigated neural network algorithms as event classifications. For the feasibility test, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model was implemented inside the FPGA, and the preliminary results are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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4 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Measurement of Double-Differential Cross-Sections for Mesonless Charged Current Neutrino Scattering on Argon with MicroBooNE

by Julia Book

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008033 - 8 Aug 2023

Viewed by 768

Abstract

The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber experiment is pursuing a broad range of neutrino physics measurements, including some of the first high-statistics results for neutrino–argon scattering cross-sections. At the neutrino energies relevant for MicroBooNE and its companion experiments in the Fermilab Short-Baseline [...] Read more.

The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber experiment is pursuing a broad range of neutrino physics measurements, including some of the first high-statistics results for neutrino–argon scattering cross-sections. At the neutrino energies relevant for MicroBooNE and its companion experiments in the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program, the dominant event topology involves mesonless final states containing one or more protons. A complete description of these events requires modeling the contributions of quasielastic and two-particle, two-hole neutrino interactions, as well as more inelastic reaction modes in which final state pions are reabsorbed by the residual nucleus. Refinements to the current understanding of these processes, informed by new neutrino cross-section data, will enable a precise and reliable interpretation of future measurements of neutrino oscillations and searches for exotic physics processes involving neutrinos. This proceeding presents the first double-differential cross-section results from MicroBooNE for mesonless charged current scattering of muon neutrinos on argon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Neutrino cross-section as a function of energy [<a href="#B5-psf-08-00033" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
Schematic illustration of the transverse variables used in this work [<a href="#B3-psf-08-00033" class="html-bibr">3</a>]. The neutrino travels in the z direction, where the x–y plane is the plane of the page. Full article ">Figure 3
The single-differential <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>C</mi><mn>0</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math> event rate in terms of the reconstructed muon momentum <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math> [<a href="#B4-psf-08-00033" class="html-bibr">4</a>]. This event rate is obtained by integrating the 2D event distribution (in terms of <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mo form="prefix">cos</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math>) over all angles. The dashed lines indicate the total uncertainty in the GENIE Monte Carlo prediction. Full article ">Figure 4
<math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>C</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>p</mi><mn>0</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow></semantics></math> cross-sections as a function of (a) <math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>δ</mi><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></msub></semantics></math> for all events, and separated by (b) low (less than 45 degrees) and (c) high (above 135 degrees) <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>δ</mi><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math>. We thereby present (a) single- and (b,c) double-differential cross-section measurements. The black points indicate data, while the gray bands show normalized systematic uncertainty. The inner error bars show statistical uncertainty only, while the outer error bars show the combined total (statistical and shape) uncertainty. The colored lines compare the predictions of GiBUU (orange) and GENIE (G18, blue) event generators with and without FSIs [<a href="#B2-psf-08-00033" class="html-bibr">2</a>]. Full article ">

5 pages, 908 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ESSνSB from Source to Target and Plans for the Future

by Natalia Milas and Maja Olvegård

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008034 - 9 Aug 2023

Viewed by 634

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the most powerful neutron source in the world. This facility offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental physics, in particular the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe due to the development of a very intense neutrino superbeam. [...] Read more.

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the most powerful neutron source in the world. This facility offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental physics, in particular the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe due to the development of a very intense neutrino superbeam. The ESS neutrino Super-Beam project proposes an accelerator complex, complimentary to the existing facility, and an additional target station to produce such a neutrino beam. We give an overview of the ESS

ν

SB project with details on the accelerator complex, from source to target. We also present the proposed next steps for the ESS

ν

SB project. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1607 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neutrino Oscillation Measurements with KM3NeT/ORCA

by Johannes Schumann

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008035 - 9 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 889

Abstract

KM3NeT/ORCA is an underwater neutrino telescope which is currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. Its geometry has been optimized for the study of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos (within an energy range of 1–100

G

eV). In particular, this will allow to [...] Read more.

KM3NeT/ORCA is an underwater neutrino telescope which is currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. Its geometry has been optimized for the study of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos (within an energy range of 1–100

G

eV). In particular, this will allow to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy as well as the oscillation parameters

θ_{23}

and

Δ m_{31}^{2}

. The data from the ORCA detector with a six string configuration and one year of exposure has already allowed to exclude the non-oscillation hypothesis with more than

5 σ

. In this contribution an overview of current results will be presented and the sensitivity of a fully deployed ORCA detector will be discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 537 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ESS Linac Overall Status and Normal-Conducting Linac Commissioning

by Ryoichi Miyamoto, Mamad Eshraqi, Yngve Levinsen, Natalia Milas and Daniel Noll

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008036 - 9 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 714

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving superconducting proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high-power linac requires production, [...] Read more.

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving superconducting proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high-power linac requires production, efficient acceleration, and almost no-loss transport of a high-current beam (62.5 mA), thus making its design and beam commissioning challenging. Beam commissioning for the normal-conducting part of the linac is ongoing in stages. In 2022, the beam was accelerated up to the first tank of the five-tank drift-tube linac. This presentation provides a summary of the ESS linac project and presents highlights from ongoing beam commissioning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Demonstrator for Muon Ionisation Cooling

by Chris Rogers

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008037 - 11 Aug 2023

Viewed by 901

Abstract

The muon collider is an excellent prospect as a multi-TeV lepton collider, with the possibility for high luminosity and reaching 10 TeV or more. In order to realise such luminosity, high beam brightness is required. Ionisation cooling, which was demonstrated recently by the [...] Read more.

The muon collider is an excellent prospect as a multi-TeV lepton collider, with the possibility for high luminosity and reaching 10 TeV or more. In order to realise such luminosity, high beam brightness is required. Ionisation cooling, which was demonstrated recently by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), is the technique proposed to realise sufficient brightness. MICE demonstrated transverse emittance reduction of incident beams having relatively high emittance and without beam reacceleration. The international Muon Collider Collaboration proposes a Demonstrator for Muon Cooling that will demonstrate six-dimensional emittance reduction over a number of cooling cells, operating at beam emittance close to the ultimate goal for the muon collider. Together with a full R&D programme, this will pave the way for the construction of a muon collider. In this paper, initial considerations and possible implementations for the Demonstrator are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 2516 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The T2K Near Detector Upgrade

by Aoi Eguchi

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008038 - 15 Aug 2023

Viewed by 929

Abstract

The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment conducted in Japan. It aims to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters by measuring the muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex at both near and far detectors. The magnetized T2K [...] Read more.

The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment conducted in Japan. It aims to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters by measuring the muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex at both near and far detectors. The magnetized T2K near detector complex ND280 plays an important role in measuring the neutrino interactions before the oscillations and constraining the systematic uncertainties in the measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters. The physics goals of T2K are to test Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry in the lepton sector, to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters

θ_{23}

and

Δ m_{32}^{2}

, and to determine the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of

θ_{23}

. T2K has disfavored CP conservation with a significance level of

2 σ

, and the higher significance level can be achieved by increasing the statistics and reducing the systematic uncertainties. Thus, the T2K collaboration proposed upgrading ND280 by replacing the P0D detector with a new fine-grained scintillator detector SuperFGD and two Time-Projection Chambers (TPCs). In addition, these new detectors will be covered by six Time Of Flight (TOF) planes. The performances of these upgrade detectors have been tested and confirmed to satisfy the requirements of the ND280 upgrade program. The physics performances of the upgraded ND280 have also been studied and they show promising improvements in neutrino interaction measurements by introducing transverse kinematics variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Schematic view of ND280. Full article ">Figure 2
Schematic view of upgraded ND280. Full article ">Figure 3
Readout mechanism of SuperFGD. Full article ">Figure 4
Measured charge distributions for protons and muons/pions (MIPs) at the beam test [<a href="#B6-psf-08-00038" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. Full article ">Figure 5
Schematic view of two types of Micromegas Modules [<a href="#B8-psf-08-00038" class="html-bibr">8</a>]. Full article ">Figure 6
Measured time resolution of TOFs [<a href="#B10-psf-08-00038" class="html-bibr">10</a>]. Full article ">Figure 7
Comparison of muon detection efficiencies with the current and upgraded ND280. Full article ">Figure 8
Physics performance studies of ND280 upgrade [<a href="#B11-psf-08-00038" class="html-bibr">11</a>]. (a) Transverse variables, (b) uncertainties in 1p1h interaction as a function of POT, (c) uncertainties in npnh interaction as a function of POT. Full article ">

6 pages, 2717 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

DeeMe—Muon–Electron Conversion Search Experiment

by Kazuhiro Yamamoto

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008039 - 16 Aug 2023

Viewed by 714

Abstract

This experiment to search for the one of the charged lepton flavor-violating processes, muon-electron conversion, DeeMe, is being conducted at the J-PARC MLF H-Line in Japan. This experiment utilizes a pulsed proton beam from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). A graphite target is [...] Read more.

This experiment to search for the one of the charged lepton flavor-violating processes, muon-electron conversion, DeeMe, is being conducted at the J-PARC MLF H-Line in Japan. This experiment utilizes a pulsed proton beam from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). A graphite target is bombarded with a pulsed proton beam, negative pion production and pion-in-flight-decay to negative muon; then, the creation of muonic atoms is caused in the same pion production target. A converted electron is expected to be emitted after 1 ∼ 2 micro second-delayed timing. And two-body reaction of the new process,

μ^{-} + (A, Z) \to e^{-} + (A, Z)

, results in 105 MeV monoenergetic electron. Thus, 1 ∼ 2 micro second-delayed 105 MeV monoenergetic electron is a searched signal. Electrons around 105 MeV are transported by the H-Line and analyzed using the dipole magnet (0.4 T) and four multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs). However, the burst pulse reaching

10^{8}

charged particles/pulse attributable to the RCS pulse leads to significant dead time for the MWPC. Thus, the HV switching scheme is introduced to handle the prompt burst. The target single event sensitivity is

10^{- 13}

. The H-Line construction was completed, and commissioning went well. The overview of the experiment and the current status are described in this article. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 3164 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning Applications to Maintain the NuMI Neutrino Beam Quality at Fermilab

by Don Athula Wickremasinghe, Yiding Yu, Eduardo A. Ossorio Alfaro, Sudeshna Ganguly, Katsuya Yonehara and Pavel Snopok

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008040 - 15 Aug 2023

Viewed by 707

Abstract

The NuMI target facility at Fermilab produces an intense muon neutrino beam for the NOvA (NuMI Off-axis

ν_{e}

Appearance) long baseline neutrino experiment. Three arrays of muon monitors located downstream of the hadron absorber in the NuMI beamline provide the measurements of [...] Read more.

The NuMI target facility at Fermilab produces an intense muon neutrino beam for the NOvA (NuMI Off-axis

ν_{e}

Appearance) long baseline neutrino experiment. Three arrays of muon monitors located downstream of the hadron absorber in the NuMI beamline provide the measurements of the primary beam and horn current quality. We have studied the response of muon monitors with the proton beam profile changes and focusing horn current variations. The responses of muon monitors are used to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms to monitor the beam quality. We present the development of the machine learning applications and future plans. This effort is important for future applications such as beam quality assurance, anomaly detection, and neutrino beam systematics studies. Our results demonstrate the advantages of developing useful ML applications that can be leveraged for future beamlines such as LBNF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Muon flux centroid measurements as a function of proton beam position at the target. Blue, red and green distributions are the measured centroids on muon monitor 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The horizontal and the vertical scans are shown in the left and right plots, respectively. Full article ">Figure 2
The correlation between the number of nodes in the 1st and the 4th hidden layers. Example of the hyperparameter optimization to obtain the number of nodes in the hidden layers. The hyperparameters are tuned based on obtaining the lowest objective values as shown in the contour plot. Full article ">Figure 3
A test of the model predictions (orange) of all four output variables for 12 December 2019 target scan data (blue). The beam position is horizontal and vertical; the beam intensity and the horn current are shown in the top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right, respectively. Full article ">Figure 4
Horizontal beam position (left) and horn current predictions (right) using a linear regression model on simulation data. Full article ">Figure 5
Beam position and horn current predictions using CNN model on simulation data. Top left and right show the horizontal and vertical beam positions. The bottom plot compares the horn current predictions. Full article ">

8 pages, 3959 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hyper-Kamiokande

by Michael B. Smy

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008041 - 17 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1105

Abstract

Hyper-Kamiokande, featuring a 260 kton cylindrical water Cherenkov detector, is one of the defining next-generation neutrino experiments. In addition to investigating neutrino oscillations with a dedicated, high-intensity muon neutrino beam, it will study atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and other astrophysical neutrinos. [...] Read more.

Hyper-Kamiokande, featuring a 260 kton cylindrical water Cherenkov detector, is one of the defining next-generation neutrino experiments. In addition to investigating neutrino oscillations with a dedicated, high-intensity muon neutrino beam, it will study atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and other astrophysical neutrinos. Its physics sensitivity is similar but complementary to other next-generation neutrino experiments: DUNE, a 40 kton liquid Argon time projection chamber, and JUNO, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
“Box and line” (left) and “Venetian blinds” (right) PMT [<a href="#B3-psf-08-00041" class="html-bibr">3</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
CP violation for known and unknown, normal and inverted mass ordering from beam neutrinos and the combination of beam and atmospheric neutrinos. Full article ">Figure 3
(Left): Atmospheric neutrino muon to electron flavor oscillation probability as a function of zenith angle and energy (normal ordering). (Right): Expected significance of the wrong mass ordering rejection as a function of HK running time. Full article ">Figure 4
HK nucleon decay sensitivity: (a) Expected 90% C.L. limits for many modes in HK compared to Frejus, Kamiokande, IMB, SK, and HK. (b) Expected 90% C.L. limits for p→e+π0 and p→K+ν in HK compared to SK, JUNO, and DUNE. Full article ">Figure 5
Expected HK recoil electron spectrum from solar neutrino-electron elastic scattering. Photocathode coverage is assumed to be 40%. The dominant 8B component (red) has a smaller endpoint than hep (the blue line shows 8B + hep combined). Full article ">Figure 6
Left: Distance3 of the “center of gravity” of “neutron clouds” from hadronic showers with the observed radioactive decays. Right: Angular distribution of additional solar neutrino recoil electron candidates with respect to the solar direction after employing new tagging methods. Full article ">Figure 7
Left: Sensitivity of HK to find a non-zero day/night asymmetry (red) and separate predictions based on the solar and KamLAND best-fit Δm221 values. Solid lines are for 40% photo-cathode coverage and dotted lines for 20%. Right: Sensitivity of HK to find significant spectral distortions due to the MSW effect. The solid (dashed) lines are for a 3.5 MeV (4.5 MeV) threshold of recoil electron kinetic energy. The black (red) line assumes the best solar neutrino Δm221 fit of 2019 (2020). Full article ">

6 pages, 790 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning Methods for Super-Kamiokande Solar Neutrino Classification

by Alejandro Yankelevich

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008042 - 18 Aug 2023

Viewed by 878

Abstract

Super-Kamiokande (SK) has observed

^{8} B

solar neutrino recoil electrons at kinetic energies as low as 3.49 MeV to study neutrino flavor conversion within the sun. At SK-observable energies, these conversions are dominated by the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. An “upturn” in the electron [...] Read more.

Super-Kamiokande (SK) has observed

^{8} B

solar neutrino recoil electrons at kinetic energies as low as 3.49 MeV to study neutrino flavor conversion within the sun. At SK-observable energies, these conversions are dominated by the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. An “upturn” in the electron neutrino survival probability in which vacuum neutrino oscillations become dominant is predicted to occur at lower energies, but radioactive background increases exponentially with decreasing energy. New machine learning approaches, including convolutional neural networks trained on photomultiplier tube data and boosted decision trees trained on reconstructed variables, provide substantial background reduction in the 2.49–3.49 MeV energy region such that the statistical extraction of solar neutrino interactions becomes feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of T2K and MINERνA Semi-Inclusive ν_μ−¹²C Measurements

by J. M. Franco-Patino, R. González-Jiménez, S. Dolan, M. B. Barbaro, J. A. Caballero, G. D. Megias and J. M. Udias

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008043 - 22 Aug 2023

Viewed by 668

Abstract

We compare the semi-inclusive

ν_{μ} -^{12}

C cross-section measurements via T2K and MINER

ν

A collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse [...] Read more.

We compare the semi-inclusive

ν_{μ} -^{12}

C cross-section measurements via T2K and MINER

ν

A collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA). Results, which include cross-sections as a function of the final muon and proton kinematics as well as correlations between both, show that the agreement with data obtained via the RDWIA approach—which accounts for final-state interactions—matches or improves GENIE-SuSAv2 predictions for very forward angles, where scaling violations are relevant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 3110 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

KM3NeT/ORCA Calibration Procedures and Capabilities

by Antonio De Benedittis

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008044 - 23 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 920

Abstract

The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a piece of deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes consisting of large-scale 3D arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). KM3NeT is currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed. The two telescopes are ARCA, near Sicily, which is [...] Read more.

The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a piece of deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes consisting of large-scale 3D arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). KM3NeT is currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed. The two telescopes are ARCA, near Sicily, which is designed for neutrino astronomy, and ORCA, near Toulon, France, designed for measurement of neutrino oscillations. The ORCA telescope, having a neutrino energy threshold in the GeV range, has as its main research goal the measurement of the neutrino mass ordering and atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. In this paper, we discuss the calibration procedures which are necessary to achieve these purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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(Left) Amplitude of the signal as a function of time; only the portion over the threshold is recorded. (Right) Example of the determination of a time offset for an arbitrary DU. Full article ">Figure 2
Time stability of fitted PMT gains of nine PMTs of one ORCA DU operated under the sea, selected from the period between September 2020 and March 2021. The discontinuous jump around run 9100 is due gain calibration operations. Full article ">Figure 3
(Left) View of a DOM and its ring nomenclature; (Right) time stability of the fitted PMT efficiencies of an arbitrarily chosen DU in the period between January 2020 and March 2022. The effect of sedimentation in the upper rings (E and F) is evident. Full article ">Figure 4
Comparison between static (in blue) and dynamic (in orange) calibration as a function of preferred orientation (left) and x-position (right) from reconstructed muon tracks. The preferred orientation and x-position are the time-dependent offsets from the true orientation and position of the DOMs. Because the movements of the DOMs are continuously monitored during dynamic calibration, the distribution is Gaussian with a peak around 0 (as demonstrated by the Gaussian fit in green). Full article ">Figure 5
Moon: (Left) 1D Gaussian fit (in red) of the signal + background hypothesis of the flux of downgoing muons as a function of the angular distance (blue cross); the fit of the background using a constant appears in black. (Center and Right) Results from the 2D (xs, ys) scan with free amplitude. Full article ">Figure 6
Sun: (Left) 1D Gaussian fit (in red) of the signal + background hypothesis of the flux of downgoing muons as a function of the angular distance (blue cross); the fit of the background using a constant appears in black. (Center and Right) Results from the 2D (xs, ys) scan with free amplitude. Full article ">

5 pages, 1204 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigating the Development of STEM-Positive Identities of Refugee Teens in a Physics Out-of-School-Time Experience

by Tino Nyawelo, Sarah Braden, John N. Matthews, Jordan Gerton, Bolaji Bamidele, Melanie Valera Garcia, Raquel Goldrup, Ricardo Gonzalez and Joseph Kiflom

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008045 - 24 Aug 2023

Viewed by 783

Abstract

Refugee youth resettled in the United States experience two main barriers to long-term participation in STEM fields: (a) access to STEM skills and knowledge which is impacted by relocation and interrupted schooling, and (b) access to crafting positive learner identities in STEM as [...] Read more.

Refugee youth resettled in the United States experience two main barriers to long-term participation in STEM fields: (a) access to STEM skills and knowledge which is impacted by relocation and interrupted schooling, and (b) access to crafting positive learner identities in STEM as multilingual, multicultural, and multiracial youth. In this paper, we share a model for engaging refugee teens in cosmic ray research through constructing scintillator cosmic ray detectors, creating digital stories about cosmic rays, and hosting family and community science events where students share their learning with their families. This context serves as the site for ongoing ethnography exploring how refugee-background teens construct STEM-related identities and identifying supportive and unsupportive instructional practices. This paper summarizes the key program details and findings to date. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 2745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ARIADNE⁺: Large Scale Demonstration of Fast Optical Readout for Dual-Phase LArTPCs at the CERN Neutrino Platform

by Adam John Lowe, Pablo Amedo-Martinez, Diego González-Díaz, Alexander Deisting, Krishanu Majumdar, Konstantinos Mavrokoridis, Marzio Nessi, Barney Philippou, Francesco Pietropaolo, Sudikshan Ravinthiran, Filippo Resnati, Adam Roberts, Angela Saá Hernández, Christos Touramanis and Jared Vann

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008046 - 24 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 925

Abstract

Optical readout of large scale dual-phase liquid Argon TPCs is an attractive alternative to charge readout and has been successfully demonstrated on a 2 × 2 m active region within the CERN protoDUNE cold box. ARIADNE

^{+}

uses four Timepix3 cameras imaging the [...] Read more.

Optical readout of large scale dual-phase liquid Argon TPCs is an attractive alternative to charge readout and has been successfully demonstrated on a 2 × 2 m active region within the CERN protoDUNE cold box. ARIADNE

^{+}

uses four Timepix3 cameras imaging the S2 light produced by 16 novel, patent pending, glass THGEMs. ARIADNE⁺ takes advantage of the raw Timepix3 data coming natively 3D and zero suppressed with a 1.6 ns timing resolution. Three of the four THGEM quadrants implement readouts in the visible light range through wavelength shifting, with the fourth featuring a VUV light intensifier, thus removing the need for wavelength shifting altogether. Cosmic ray reconstruction and energy calibration were performed. Presented is a summary of the detector setup and experimental run, preliminary analysis of the run data and future outlook for the ARIADNE program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 2709 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of the ERAM Detectors for the High Angle TPC of the T2K near Detector Upgrade

by Matteo Feltre

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008047 - 30 Aug 2023

Viewed by 902

Abstract

The High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) are a new set of detectors that will equip the off-axis near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A prototype of the Field Cage instrumented with one ERAM detector has been recently exposed to [...] Read more.

The High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) are a new set of detectors that will equip the off-axis near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A prototype of the Field Cage instrumented with one ERAM detector has been recently exposed to a DESY electron beam. In order to ensure that the HA-TPCs satisfy the required performances for the ND280 Upgrade (space point resolution better than 600 µm and dE/dx resolution smaller than 10%), the ERAM detectors have been characterized with X-ray sources and by exposing them to the DESY electron beam. In addition, a detailed simulation of the charge spreading phenomenon and of the electronic response is reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 3175 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Detection of High-Energy Neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider with the Scattering and Neutrino Detector

by Masahiro Komatsu

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008048 - 31 Aug 2023

Viewed by 706

Abstract

SND@LHC is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity range of

7.2 < η < 8.4

. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is a [...] Read more.

SND@LHC is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity range of

7.2 < η < 8.4

. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is a hybrid system composed of an 830 kg target made from 1 mm thick tungsten plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion films, electronic trackers also acting as an electromagnetic calorimeter, a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector is able to distinguish three neutrino flavours using the emulsion detector which can identify primary electrons and taus in charged current neutrino interactions. This capability allows probing heavy flavour forward production at the LHC, which even LHCb cannot access. The LHC CM energy corresponds to the

10^{17}

eV astronomical energy region, which is of interest for future detectors. The SND@LHC’s capabilities and current status are reported in this document. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 8566 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Camera System for the IceCube Upgrade

by Woosik Kang, Jiwoong Lee, Steven Rodan, Carsten Rott and Christoph Tönnis

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008049 - 1 Sep 2023

Viewed by 888

Abstract

As part of a currently ongoing upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. A main science objective of the IceCube [...] Read more.

As part of a currently ongoing upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. A main science objective of the IceCube Upgrade is to improve the calibration of the IceCube detector as a means of reducing systematic uncertainties related to the optical properties of the ice. A novel camera and illumination system, consisting of more than 1900 cameras, in 700 newly developed optical modules of the IceCube Upgrade, has been developed. A combination of transmission and reflection photographic measurements will be used to measure the optical properties of bulk ice between strings and refrozen ice in the drill hole, to determine module positions, and to survey the local ice environments surrounding the sensor module. In this contribution, we present the production, acceptance testing, and the plan for post-deployment calibration measurements with this camera system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Images of the camera systems in the new optical sensors. Dashed red boxes indicate the cameras and LEDs. Left: A pair of cameras and LEDs for the mDOM that are integrated directly into the 3D-printed PMT holding structure. The cameras look through the glass of the pressure vessel via windows in the holding structure. Right: Cameras for the D-EGGs, which are attached to rings made from fibre-reinforced plastic (FR-4) using aluminium brackets. The rings are glued to the glass of the D-EGG pressure vessels using room-temperature vulcanizing silicone glue. Full article ">Figure 2
Schematic of planned measurements of the IceCube Upgrade camera system. Left: Refrozen hole ice measurement utilising two vertically separated optical sensors on the same string. A downward-facing camera observes light from an upward-pointing LED of the optical sensor below. Right: Bulk ice measurement utilising two optical modules on two different strings. A camera is observing scattered light from an LED on an adjacent string pointing at an angle of <math display="inline"><semantics> <msup> <mn>60</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics></math> to the camera. The schematics are not to scale. Full article ">Figure 3
The expected camera images from the simulations. Left: the image represents visualising a column of ice with different optical properties than the surrounding ice, known as the ‘Bubble column’ in the refrozen hole ice. Right: the image shows the light cone from an optical sensor observed from another optical sensor on the adjacent string in the simulation. Full article ">Figure 4
The results from camera tests at a swimming pool and at the South Pole. Top: the images taken in the swimming pool water. The left image shows an IceCube DOM at mid-depth at 2 m distance from the camera. The details of the DOM are clearly seen. The right picture represents two light beacons with 10 cm separation facing upward on the swimming pool floor at a distance of 25 m from the camera. The camera resolves the two beacons well. Bottom: the plots for comparison of the dust logger [<a href="#B17-psf-08-00049" class="html-bibr">17</a>] and the camera brightness data as a function of depth between 1200 m and 1600 m. The upper panel gives the data points from each system and the lower panel shows the ratio of brightness between the camera data and the dust logger data. A detailed description is given in [<a href="#B15-psf-08-00049" class="html-bibr">15</a>]. Full article ">

5 pages, 5675 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Status of the muEDM Experiment at PSI

by Kim Siang Khaw, Cheng Chen, Massimo Giovannozzi, Tianqi Hu, Meng Lv, Jun Kai Ng, Angela Papa, Philipp Schmidt-Wellenburg, Bastiano Vitali and Guan Ming Wong

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008050 - 4 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1004

Abstract

Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) are excellent probes of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially on new sources of CP violation. The muon EDM has recently attracted significant attention due to discrepancies in the magnetic anomaly of the muon, as well as potential [...] Read more.

Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) are excellent probes of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially on new sources of CP violation. The muon EDM has recently attracted significant attention due to discrepancies in the magnetic anomaly of the muon, as well as potential violations of lepton-flavor universality in B-meson decays. At the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, we have proposed a muon EDM search experiment employing the frozen-spin technique, where a radial electric field is exerted within a storage solenoid to cancel the muon’s anomalous spin precession. Consequently, the EDM signal can be inferred from the upstream-downstream asymmetry of the decay positron count versus time. The experiment is planned to take place in two phases, anticipating an annual statistical sensitivity of

3 \times 10^{- 21}

e \cdot

cm for Phase I and

6 \times 10^{- 23}

e \cdot

cm for Phase II. Going beyond

10^{- 21}

e \cdot

cm will enable us to probe various Standard Model extensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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7 pages, 782 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Probing Light Mediators and Neutrino Electromagnetic Moments with Atomic Radiative Emission of Neutrino Pairs

by Shao-Feng Ge and Pedro Pasquini

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008051 - 6 Sep 2023

Viewed by 705

Abstract

We present the novel idea of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pairs to test physics beyond the Standard Model, including light vector/scalar mediators and the anomalous neutrino electromagnetic moments. With

O

(eV) momentum transfer, atomic transitions are particularly sensitive to light [...] Read more.

We present the novel idea of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pairs to test physics beyond the Standard Model, including light vector/scalar mediators and the anomalous neutrino electromagnetic moments. With

O

(eV) momentum transfer, atomic transitions are particularly sensitive to light mediators and can improve their coupling strength sensitivity by 3∼4 orders of magnitude. In particular, the massless photon belongs to this category. The projected sensitivity with respect to neutrino electromagnetic moments is competitive with dark matter experiments. Most importantly, neutrino pair emission provides the possibility of separating the electric and magnetic moments, even identifying their individual elements, which is not possible by existing observations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Pion–Argon Inclusive Cross-Section Measurement on ProtoDUNE-SP

by Yinrui Liu

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008052 - 8 Sep 2023

Viewed by 901

Abstract

The pion–argon cross-section measurement is crucial to understanding effects such as final state interactions, which account for a large source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation experiments. ProtoDUNE-SP, with its beam of charged particles, can provide such experimental constraints. This paper elaborates on [...] Read more.

The pion–argon cross-section measurement is crucial to understanding effects such as final state interactions, which account for a large source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation experiments. ProtoDUNE-SP, with its beam of charged particles, can provide such experimental constraints. This paper elaborates on the methodology to measure the cross-section on large-scale liquid argon time projection chambers like ProtoDUNE-SP. We use the 1 GeV Monte-Carlo (MC) sample to demonstrate the analysis procedures. The cross-section measurements for pion kinetic energy ranging from 350 MeV to 950 MeV are performed on the MC sample. The consistency of the MC results with its input values serves as validation of the method and the procedures, which we will later use to perform measurements on the data sample. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1143 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

T2K Oscillation Analysis Results: Latest Analysis Improvements at the Far Detector

by Kenji Yasutome on behalf of the T2K Collaboration

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008053 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 710

Abstract

T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment that exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillations are analyzed by tuning the [...] Read more.

T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment that exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillations are analyzed by tuning the neutrino rates and spectra at a near detector complex, located at J-PARC, and extrapolating them to the water Cherenkov far detector, Super-Kamiokande, located 295 km away, where oscillations are observed. The latest T2K results include multiple analysis improvements, in particular, a new sample is added for the far detector analysis, requiring the presence of a pion in muon-neutrino interactions. This is the first time that a pion sample has been included in the study of neutrino disappearance at T2K and the first time a sample with more than one Cherenkov ring has been included in the T2K oscillation analysis, opening a road for further samples with charged and neutral pion tagging. The inclusion of such a sample enables proper control of the oscillated spectrum in a larger neutrino energy range and on subleading neutrino interaction processes. Finally, T2K is engaged with the Super-Kamiokande collaboration to combine T2K neutrino beam data and Super-Kamiokande atmospheric data to perform a joint fit of the oscillation parameters. Such a combination allows the degeneracies between the measurement of the CP-violating phase

δ_{CP}

and the measurement of the ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates to be lifted. A precise evaluation of the enhanced sensitivity of this joint fit will be presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neutrino Oscillations in the Earth: A Unique Tool to Probe Dark Matter Inside the Core

by Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, Anil Kumar, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla and Amol Dighe

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008054 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 705

Abstract

Atmospheric neutrinos, due to their multi-GeV range of energies and wide range of baselines, can probe into the possible existence of dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way via Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. We demonstrate that [...] Read more.

Atmospheric neutrinos, due to their multi-GeV range of energies and wide range of baselines, can probe into the possible existence of dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way via Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. We demonstrate that an atmospheric neutrino detector such as the proposed 50 kt Iron Calorimeter detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory with muon charge identification capability can be sensitive to the presence of dark matter at around a 2

σ

confidence level with 1000 kt·yr exposure if dark matter constitutes 40% of the mass inside the core. We further demonstrate that it is hard to identify the dark matter profile using neutrino oscillations, but the baryonic matter profile inside the core can be explored as a complement to the seismic measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1796 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cosmogenic Background Suppression at ICARUS

by Biswaranjan Behera

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008055 - 15 Sep 2023

Viewed by 717

Abstract

The ICARUS detector will search for LSND-like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depths to the FNAL BNB beam, acting as the far detector in the short-baseline neutrino (SBN) program. Cosmic background rejection is particularly important for the ICARUS detector due to its larger [...] Read more.

The ICARUS detector will search for LSND-like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depths to the FNAL BNB beam, acting as the far detector in the short-baseline neutrino (SBN) program. Cosmic background rejection is particularly important for the ICARUS detector due to its larger size and distance from neutrino production compared to the near detector SBND. In ICARUS, the neutrino signal over the cosmic background ratio is 40 times more unfavorable compared to SBND, partly due to an out-of-spill cosmic rate that is over three times higher. In this paper, we will illustrate techniques for reducing cosmogenic backgrounds in the ICARUS detector with initial commissioning data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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A sketch of the CRT geometry with coordinates (left). End point of primary neutrons and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mi>γ</mi> </semantics></math>s as seen in a Y/Z projection, without OB (middle) and with overburden (right) (the <math display="inline"><semantics> <mi>ν</mi> </semantics></math> beam is along the z axis). The black square shows the position of the TPCs. Full article ">Figure 2
Cosmic ray rates as functions of time for a set of the top CRT horizontal (left) and vertical (right) modules. Numbers in the legend indicate the module’s front-end boards and the black dot lines indicate the beginning and the end of 3 m overburden installation over the displayed modules. The rates were reduced from approximately 610 Hz to 330 Hz for horizontal modules and from 260 Hz to 180 Hz for vertical modules after the installation of the overburden. Full article ">Figure 3
The figure portrays the method of the CRT hit and TPC track association (left). The distance of the closest approaches (cm) for all tracks (right). Full article ">Figure 4
The figure depicts the method of the CRT hit and PMT flash matching (left). The quantity “<math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </semantics></math> − <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </semantics></math>” represents the time difference between the arrival of a signal at the cosmic ray tagger (CRT) and the corresponding signal at the photomultiplier tube (PMT). This time difference provides valuable information for distinguishing between different types of tracks in the detector. The time difference between CRT hits (from top CRT) and PMT flashes using the BNB spill (right). Full article ">Figure 5
This is a real event taken in September 2021. Here, each track is of cosmic origin. The orange lines represent the anode, while the blue lines signify the cathode. The space between these two lines is referred to as the drift window. Full article ">

6 pages, 17361 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Search for Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillation with the ICARUS Detector

by Biswaranjan Behera

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008056 - 15 Sep 2023

Viewed by 732

Abstract

The 476-ton active mass ICARUS T-600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a pioneering development that has become the template for neutrino and rare event detectors, including the massive next-generation international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. It began operation in 2010 at the [...] Read more.

The 476-ton active mass ICARUS T-600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a pioneering development that has become the template for neutrino and rare event detectors, including the massive next-generation international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. It began operation in 2010 at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratories and was transported to Fermilab in the US in 2017. To ameliorate the impact of shallow-depth operation at Fermilab, the detector has been enhanced with the addition of a new high granularity light detection system inside the LAr volume along with an external cosmic ray tagging system. Currently in the final stages of commissioning, ICARUS is the largest LArTPC ever to operate in a neutrino beam. On this note, we describe the current status of the ICARUS detector and its achievements in this presentation, and review the plans for ongoing development of the analysis tools needed to fulfill its physics program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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The combined analysis of near and far detector data has permitted the currently allowed parameter region to be covered with 5<math display="inline"><semantics> <mi>σ</mi> </semantics></math> sensitivity in both the appearance and disappearance channels in three years of data taking. Full article ">Figure 2
The east and west ICARUS cryostats were placed in the SBN Far Detector pit at Fermilab in August 2018 (left). A picture of the side CRT is shown (center). Installation of the top CRT horizontal modules was completed in December 2021 (right). The bottom CRT is not visible in these pictures. Full article ">Figure 3
Trend of the drift in the electron lifetime in the two ICARUS cryostats during the commissioning phase. The sharp decreases in the lifetime are due to programmed interventions performed on the LAr recirculation pumps or the cryogenic system. It can be seen that the electron lifetime recovers quickly after these interventions. Full article ">Figure 4
Using anode–cathode-crossing cosmic muon ICARUS data, the results show the ionization drift velocity measurement and Crystal Ball fits to the maximum ionization drift time distributions in the two TPCs of the west cryostat (left). Using ICARUS commissioning data, the spatial offsets in the drift direction were measured using anode–cathode-crossing cosmic muon tracks as a function of ionization drift distance in the west cryostat (2 TPC) and compared with Monte Carlo simulations of spatial distortions from calculation of the space charge effects (right). Full article ">Figure 5
Excess of neutrino interactions over cosmic rays in the spill as detected for the BNB (left) and NuMI (right) beams. Full article ">Figure 6
CRT hit time relative to the neutrino gate start time in the south wall (side CRT) for the BNB (left) and NuMI (right) neutrino beams. Full article ">

6 pages, 5440 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ESSνSB+ Target Station Concept

by Tamer Tolba and Eric Baussan

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008057 - 18 Sep 2023

Viewed by 615

Abstract

In the search for the CP violation (CPV) in the leptonic sector, crucial information was obtained a decade ago from reactor and accelerator experiments. The discovery and measurement of the third neutrino mixing angle,

θ_{13}

, with a value ∼9

^{\circ}

, [...] Read more.

In the search for the CP violation (CPV) in the leptonic sector, crucial information was obtained a decade ago from reactor and accelerator experiments. The discovery and measurement of the third neutrino mixing angle,

θ_{13}

, with a value ∼9

^{\circ}

, allow for the possibility to discover the leptonic Dirac CP-violating angle,

δ_{C P}

, with long baseline neutrino Super Beams. ESS

ν

SB is a long-baseline neutrino project that will be able to measure the CPV in the leptonic sector at the second oscillation maximum, where the sensitivity of the experiment is higher compared to that at the first oscillation maximum. The extension project, ESS

ν

SB+, aims to address a very challenging task on measuring the neutrino–nucleon cross-section, which is the dominant term of the systematic uncertainty, in the energy range 0.2–0.6 GeV, using a Low-Energy nuSTORM (LEnuSTORM) and an ENUBET-like Low-Energy Monitored Neutrino Beam (LEMNB) facilities. The target station plays the main role in generating a well defined and focused pion, and hence muon, beam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1458 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Photon Detection System for DUNE Low-Energy Physics Study and the Demonstration of a Timing Resolution of a Few Nanoseconds Using ProtoDUNE-SP PDS

by Ajib Paudel

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008058 - 18 Sep 2023

Viewed by 805

Abstract

Photon detection systems (PDS) are an integral part of liquid-argon neutrino detectors. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary for reconstructing the drift coordinates of ionizing particle tracks, photon detectors can be effectively used for other purposes, including triggering [...] Read more.

Photon detection systems (PDS) are an integral part of liquid-argon neutrino detectors. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary for reconstructing the drift coordinates of ionizing particle tracks, photon detectors can be effectively used for other purposes, including triggering events, background rejection, and calorimetric energy estimation. PDS in particular for the DUNE Far Detector Module 2 is designed to achieve a more extended optical coverage (→4

π

) with new-generation large-size PD modules based on the ARAPUCA technology. This will provide enhanced opportunities for the study of low-energy neutrino physics using PDS. The ARAPUCA technology was extensively tested within the ProtoDUNE-SP detector operated at the CERN neutrino platform. Here, we present a study of the timing resolution of ARAPUCA detectors using light emitted from a sample of energetic cosmic ray muons traveling parallel to the PDS. An intrinsic timing resolution in the order of 3 ns is observed for the ARAPUCA detectors. The excellent timing resolution ability of PDS can be exploited for further enhancing physics studies using the DUNE far detectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Photon detectors using different technology embedded in APA; the photodetector arrays are shown in the inserts. Figure taken from [<a href="#B1-psf-08-00058" class="html-bibr">1</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
Waveforms as seen by two different ARAPUCA channels (a, b) for the same cosmic muon event. Waveforms reprsent signal amplitude as a function of time. Full article ">Figure 3
Blue markers: five points of the waveform near the rising edge of the signal for two nearby ARAPUCA channels (a,b); the first point is selected below the amplitude of a single photo-electron (SPE) and the remaining four points are selected above the amplitude SPE. Red line: fit of the waveform with Gaussian function. Using the fit, <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics></math> for a and b is measured to be 814.44 ticks and 815.03 ticks, respectively. Full article ">Figure 4
(a) Difference in time measured by two different ARAPUCA channels. A timing resolution of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mn>5.2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> ns is determined from the fit (red line). (b) Timing resolution taking different pairs of ARAPUCA detectors. Full article ">Figure 5
Timing resolution vs. average number of photons detected. Error bars indicate statistical variability, representing the standard deviations of the mean values. Full article ">Figure 6
(a) The VD R&D path for an electrically isolated (only optically connected through fibers) low-noise photon detector concept. (b) The first signals seen on the digital scope when PoF was turned on for both the ON and OFF cathode HV modes. The figure is taken from [<a href="#B5-psf-08-00058" class="html-bibr">5</a>].The tests were carried out at LAr temperature. Full article ">

6 pages, 1891 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Pion-Production Target for Mu2e-II: Design and Prototype

by David Neuffer, Ingrid Fang, Ao Liu, Kevin Lynch, Stefan Mueller, Vitaly Pronskikh, James Popp and David Pushka

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008059 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 837

Abstract

The higher beam intensity available for Mu2e-II will require a substantially different target design. This paper discusses our recent advances in conceptual R&D for a Mu2e-II target station. The design is based on energy deposition and radiation damage simulations, as well as thermal [...] Read more.

The higher beam intensity available for Mu2e-II will require a substantially different target design. This paper discusses our recent advances in conceptual R&D for a Mu2e-II target station. The design is based on energy deposition and radiation damage simulations, as well as thermal and mechanical analyses, to estimate the survivability of the system. We considered rotated targets, fixed granular targets and a novel conveyor target with tungsten or carbon spherical elements that are circulated through the beam path. The motion of the spheres can be generated either mechanically or both mechanically and by a He gas flow. The simulations identified the conveyor target as the preferred approach, and that approach has been developed into a prototype. We describe this first prototype for the Mu2e-II target and report on its mechanical tests performed at Fermilab, which indicate the feasibility of the design, and discuss its challenges as well as suggest directions for further improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Three target design options. (Left)—rotating elements target; (Center)—fixed granular target with gas cooling; (Right)—conveyor-type target. The incoming beam direction is indicated by the red arrows. Full article ">Figure 2
Simulation models of the W conveyor target within the HRS of the production solenoid. Red arrow indicates path of incident proton beam. (Left): MARS15. (Right): FLUKA. Full article ">Figure 3
Energy deposition in W spheres as simulated with MARS15 and FLUKA. Target sphere # refers to the target sphere sequential number. Full article ">Figure 4
ANSYS analysis of the conveyor target. (Left): maximum temperature in one cycle. (Right): maximum mechanical deformation in one cycle. Full article ">Figure 5
The first prototype of the conveyor target. (Left): as constructed. (Right): a CAD model used in the fabrication. Full article ">Figure 6
(Left): Belt driven drive for circulating spheres, as built in the first prototype. (Right): a sprocket-based drive for circulating spheres. Full article ">

5 pages, 1450 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

SBND Trigger System: Status and MTC/A Configuration

by G. V. Stenico

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008060 - 26 Sep 2023

Viewed by 737

Abstract

We present a brief description of the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) hardware trigger system. The SBND experiment is a liquid argon neutrino detector that sits on the central axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), located at Fermilab. The detector is currently being [...] Read more.

We present a brief description of the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) hardware trigger system. The SBND experiment is a liquid argon neutrino detector that sits on the central axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), located at Fermilab. The detector is currently being assembled and is expected to start operating in 2023. Neutrinos delivered by the BNB will interact with liquid argon inside the SBND, producing charge and scintillation light that will be collected, respectively, by the charge collection wires and the photon detection system. SBND will record over a million neutrino interaction events per year while simultaneously being exposed to a large flux of cosmic ray interactions. It is imperative to determine which events in the detector are of interest for analysis. This is the work of the SBND trigger system, which receives several prompt inputs, discriminates these inputs and qualifies them to form a trigger decision. In this work, we will focus on the general overview of the trigger system for SBND, and, specifically, we describe the configuration of the Analog Master Trigger Card used in the photon detection trigger. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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4 pages, 246 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Favourable Conditions for Majorana Phase Appearance in Neutrino Oscillation Probabilities

by Khushboo Dixit, Akhila Kumar Pradhan and S. Uma Sankar

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008061 - 8 Oct 2023

Viewed by 792

Abstract

The Majorana phases of neutrino mixing matrix do not appear either in vacuum or in matter modified oscillation probabilities. It was previously shown that for some particular forms of decoherence, the neutrino oscillations do depend on Majorana phases. Here, we show that such [...] Read more.

The Majorana phases of neutrino mixing matrix do not appear either in vacuum or in matter modified oscillation probabilities. It was previously shown that for some particular forms of decoherence, the neutrino oscillations do depend on Majorana phases. Here, we show that such dependence also occurs for neutrino decay scenarios where mass eigenstates are not the decay eigenstates. We calculate two flavour survival/oscillation probabilities in such a scenario and discuss their CP and CPT properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

7 pages, 6869 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Measurement of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Disappearance Using CNN Reconstructions with IceCube

by Shiqi Yu

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008062 - 8 Oct 2023

Viewed by 686

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of ice. The DeepCore subdetector is located at the lower center of the IceCube array, and has denser configuration that has improved ability to see GeV-scale [...] Read more.

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of ice. The DeepCore subdetector is located at the lower center of the IceCube array, and has denser configuration that has improved ability to see GeV-scale neutrinos in the detector. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to reconstruct neutrino interactions in DeepCore, achieving comparable performance to the current likelihood-based method but with roughly 3000 times faster processing speeds. In this study, we present a preliminary atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance analysis using the CNN-reconstructed neutrino sample, and the sensitivity to neutrino oscillation parameter measurements is shown and compared to the recent IceCube results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
IceCube detector (left) and top view of detector strings (right) with eight DC strings (red filled). Full article ">Figure 2
The <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </semantics></math> disappearance probability as a function of the energy and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo form="prefix">cos</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>zenith</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>. Full article ">Figure 3
Training samples for energy (left) and <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>zenith</mi> </msub> </semantics></math> (right). Full article ">Figure 4
Performance comparison of CNN (blue) and likelihood-based (orange) on reconstruction of (from top left to bottom right) the energy, <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>zenith</mi> </msub> </semantics></math>, PID, and muon classifier, where random represents the baseline performance of particles being randomly assigned to different categories. Full article ">Figure 5
Selected sample purity when using CNN (left) and likelihood (right) methods reconstructed interaction vertex; the rows sum to 1, while the numbers corresponds to the fraction of unweighted events. Full article ">Figure 6
Preliminary sample in cascade (left), mixed (middle), and track (right) bins with flux, cross-section, and oscillation weights applied; the pink circle highlights the <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </semantics></math> disappearance “valley”. Full article ">Figure 7
MC distribution of CNN-reconstructed PIDs with stacked interaction types (colors) and boundaries used for binning (dashed). Full article ">Figure 8
Preliminary sensitivity using CNN reconstruction (black) projected from DeepCore 2021 result (yellow) compared to using likelihood-based reconstruction (red). Full article ">

7 pages, 1363 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning Techniques to Enhance Event Reconstruction in Water Cherenkov Detectors

by Nicholas Prouse, Patrick de Perio and Wojciech Fedorko

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008063 - 13 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1204

Abstract

Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is the next-generation water Cherenkov neutrino experiment, building on the success of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. To match the increased precision and reduced statistical errors of the new detectors, improvements to event reconstruction and event selection are required to suppress backgrounds and [...] Read more.

Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is the next-generation water Cherenkov neutrino experiment, building on the success of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. To match the increased precision and reduced statistical errors of the new detectors, improvements to event reconstruction and event selection are required to suppress backgrounds and minimise systematic errors. Machine learning has the potential to provide these enhancements, enabling the precision measurements that Hyper-K aims to perform. This paper provides an overview of the areas where machine learning is being explored for Hyper-K’s water Cherenkov detectors. Results using various network architectures are presented, along with comparisons to traditional methods and a discussion of the challenges and future plans for applying machine learning techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Configuration of the cylindrical detector onto a 2D image for CNN. The layout illustration on the left demonstrates how the cylinder is unwrapped onto a 2D surface. Shown on the right, the resulting image is divided into sections outlined by dashed lines, then duplicated and reconfigured into a double cover of the detector surface, with circular boundary conditions indicated by orange arrows. Full article ">Figure 2
Results of PID using ResNet (red), PointNet (green), and fiTQun (blue), showing the electron efficiency when requiring 99.9% muon rejection (left) or 80% gamma rejection (right) as a function of the electron’s true momentum. Full article ">Figure 3
Results of reconstruction, showing on the (left), the average position resolution as a function of distance from the detector wall for ResNet (red), PointNet (green), and fiTQun (blue); in the (middle), the direction resolution; and on the (right), the energy resolution. Full article ">Figure 4
Example segmentation of two Cherenkov rings from gammas of a neutral pion decay, showing the simulated charge observed in the detector’s PMTs (left), true segmentation (middle), and reconstructed segmentation using U-Net (right). The true and reconstructed segmentation panels display PMT hits from one gamma coloured red and the other coloured blue; the reversal of colour labels identifying the gammas in the reconstructed segmentation occurs by chance due to the network being trained to segment the rings but not to reproduce their arbitrary ordering. Full article ">

6 pages, 1266 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Structure Functions and Tau Neutrino Cross Section at DUNE Far Detector

by Barbara Yaeggy

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008064 - 17 Oct 2023

Viewed by 843

Abstract

DUNE’s Argon time-projecting chambers (TPC) detectors will allow us to conduct precise studies about phenomena that have, until now, seemed too challenging to measure, like tau neutrino

(ν_{τ})

interactions. Cross section measurements are needed to understand how accurate our neutrino-nucleus [...] Read more.

DUNE’s Argon time-projecting chambers (TPC) detectors will allow us to conduct precise studies about phenomena that have, until now, seemed too challenging to measure, like tau neutrino

(ν_{τ})

interactions. Cross section measurements are needed to understand how accurate our neutrino-nucleus interaction models are and how accurately we can use them to reconstruct neutrino energy. Quasi-elastic scattering (QE),

Δ

resonance production (RES), and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes are known to provide dominant contributions in the medium and high neutrino energy to the total cross-section of

ν_{τ}

(N) and

{\bar{ν}}_{τ}

(N). These cross-sections have large systematic uncertainties compared to the ones measured for

ν_{μ}

and

ν_{e}

and their antiparticles. Studies point out that the reason for these differences is due to the model dependence of the

ν_{τ}

(N) cross-sections in treating the nuclear medium effects described by the nucleon structure functions,

F_{1 N, \dots, 3 N} (x, Q^{2})

for

ν_{μ}

and

ν_{e}

. These proceedings show the semi-theoretical and experimental approach to the estimation of the

ν_{τ}

(N) and

{\bar{ν}}_{τ}

(N) cross-sections in DUNE for the DIS region. We will check the contributions of the additional nucleon structure functions

F_{4 N} (x, Q^{2})

and

F_{5 N} (x, Q^{2})

and their dependence on Q² and Bjorken-x scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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7 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Design of the ENUBET Beamline

by E. G. Parozzi, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, M. Calviani, S. Carturan, M. G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, N. Charitonidis, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, C. Delogu, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, B. Goddard, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, V. Kain, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, C. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, S. Marangoni, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, M. Nessi, A. Paoloni, M. Pari, T. Papaevangelou, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A. C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, M. Torti, S. E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza, F. Velotti and L. Votano Show full author list Hide full author list

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008065 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 900

Abstract

The ENUBET project aims to reduce the flux-related systematics to 1% on a narrow band neutrino beam through monitoring the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design of a meson transfer line with [...] Read more.

The ENUBET project aims to reduce the flux-related systematics to 1% on a narrow band neutrino beam through monitoring the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design of a meson transfer line with conventional magnets that maximize the yield of K

^{+}

and

π^{+}

while minimizing the total length to reduce meson decay outside the instrumented region. In order to limit particle rates in the tunnel instrumentation, a high level of beam collimation is needed, thus allowing non-decayed mesons to reach the end of the tunnel. At the same time, fine-tuning of the shielding and the collimators is required to minimize any beam-induced background in the decay region. The magnetic lattice is optimized with TRANSPORT. The focusing of mesons from the target is performed with a static (quadrupole-based) system that, coupled with a slow proton extraction scheme, allows for a significant pile-up reduction at the tunnel instrumentation while retaining a particle yield large enough for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements on a 3 year time scale. Charge and momentum selection in an 8.5GeV ± 10% momentum bite is performed by a double dipole system. Shielding elements are optimized with full simulation of the facility in Geant4. In particular, a powerful genetic algorithm is used to scan the parameter space of the collimators automatically in order to find a configuration that minimizes the halo background in the decay tunnel while preserving a large meson yield. This contribution will report the results of the optimization studies and the final design of the ENUBET beamline, together with dose estimation through a FLUKA simulation. The design of an alternative secondary beamline with a broad momentum range (4, 6, and 8.5 GeV/c) that could enhance the physics reach of the facility is additionally discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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Figure 1
Kaon yields as a function of the graphite target length. A primary beam with 400 GeV/c momentum was used to evaluate the targets. The number of kaons of a given energy that enter and are transported along the beamline with <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo>±</mo> <mn>20</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> mrad angular acceptance in both planes is the figure of merit for this study. Monte Carlo systematics are generally in the order of ∼10% and the simulated statistical errors are small (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>); thus, the error bars are not plotted to ease interpretation of the plot. Blue is 4 GeV/c, green is 6 GeV/c, and red is 8.5 GeV/c in terms of kaon momenta, whilst the marker style indicates the target radius: a dot is 10 mm, a square is 15mm, a cross is 20mm, and a star is 25mm. Full article ">Figure 2
Baseline layout of the G4Beamline showing the main stages of the line. Full article ">Figure 3
Schematics of the last two collimators placed upstream of the tagger (on the left) and convergence plot of the beamline iterations to maximize the FOM (on the right). Full article ">Figure 4
Horizontal (top) and vertical (bottom) planes of the beamline optics. The R-matrix parameters are represented graphically by each line; the blue line corresponds to dispersive rays, the red line to angular rays, and the green line to cosine-like rays. The beam is set to have a smooth focus in both planes toward the decay tunnel. Full article ">Figure 5
“Multi-momentum” beamline layout in the G4Beamline with the magnetic elements and the appearing collimating structures. Full article ">

5 pages, 555 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Oscillation and Decay of Neutrinos in Matter: An Analytic Treatment

by Dibya S. Chattopadhyay, Kaustav Chakraborty, Amol Dighe and Srubabati Goswami

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008066 - 30 Oct 2023

Viewed by 579

Abstract

We present compact analytic expressions for neutrino propagation probabilities in matter, with effects from the invisible decay of the

ν_{3}

mass eigenstate included. These will be directly relevant for long-baseline experiments. The inclusion of decay leads to a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, with [...] Read more.

We present compact analytic expressions for neutrino propagation probabilities in matter, with effects from the invisible decay of the

ν_{3}

mass eigenstate included. These will be directly relevant for long-baseline experiments. The inclusion of decay leads to a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, with the Hermitian part corresponding to oscillation, and the anti-Hermitian part representing the decay. In the presence of matter, the two components invariably become non-commuting. We employ the Cayley–Hamilton theorem to calculate the neutrino oscillation probabilities in constant density matter. The analytic results obtained provide a physical understanding of the possible effects of neutrino decay on these probabilities. Certain non-intuitive features like an increase in the survival probability

P (ν_{μ} \to ν_{μ})

at its oscillation dips may be explained using our analytic expressions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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9 pages, 12044 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neutrino Oscillations and CP Violation with the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam

by Marcos Dracos

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008067 - 31 Oct 2023

Viewed by 612

Abstract

The European project ESS

ν

SB, after a four-year feasibility study, has demonstrated that a neutrino facility based on the European Spallation Source and operated at the second oscillation maximum is not only compatible with the under construction neutron facility, but it also [...] Read more.

The European project ESS

ν

SB, after a four-year feasibility study, has demonstrated that a neutrino facility based on the European Spallation Source and operated at the second oscillation maximum is not only compatible with the under construction neutron facility, but it also has a very high physics performance in the sector of discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector and measurement of the CP-violating phase with high precision. This has been obtained by well optimising all parts of this neutrino facility going from the ESS proton linac up to the location of the neutrino far detector. Here, a summary of all these efforts based on the already published Conceptual Design Report is reported. A continuation of this work has recently been approved by EU. This new project includes investigations of implementation of low energy nuSTORM and ENUBET for cross-section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. Both options use mainly muons produced together with neutrinos. This “muon” orientation gives a new dimension to the project, enhancing its probability to be approved in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 1846 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Beyond the Standard Model New Physics Searches with SBND

by Supraja Balasubramanian

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008068 - 8 Nov 2023

Viewed by 681

Abstract

SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) is a 112-ton liquid argon time projection chamber located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. The primary goals of SBND are to provide flux constraints [...] Read more.

SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) is a 112-ton liquid argon time projection chamber located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. The primary goals of SBND are to provide flux constraints for sterile neutrino searches, conduct world-leading neutrino cross-section measurements on argon, and perform Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) new physics searches with its high-precision particle identification capabilities. SBND’s prospects and tools for detecting a variety of BSM phenomena produced in a neutrino beam, such as sub-GeV dark matter, dark neutrinos, heavy neutral leptons and millicharged particles, are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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5 pages, 1680 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ESS Neutrino Super Beam ESSνSB Design and Performance for Precision Measurements of the Leptonic CP Violating Phase δ_CP

by Tord Ekelöf

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008069 - 28 Nov 2023

Viewed by 571

Abstract

A design study ESSνSB was carried out during the years 2018–2021 concerning how the five MW linear proton accelerators of the European Spallation Source, which are currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to generate a world-unique, intense neutrino Super Beam [...] Read more.

A design study ESSνSB was carried out during the years 2018–2021 concerning how the five MW linear proton accelerators of the European Spallation Source, which are currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to generate a world-unique, intense neutrino Super Beam for precision measurements of the leptonic CP violating phase δ_CP. As there are definite limits, which are related to uncertainties in neutrino–nucleus interaction modeling, to how far the systematic errors in such measurements can be reduced, the method chosen in this project is to make the measurements at the second oscillation maximum, where the CP violation signal is close to three times larger than at the first, whereas the systematic errors are approximately the same at the two maxima. As the second maximum is located three times further away from the neutrino source than the first maximum, a higher neutrino beam intensity and thus a higher proton driver power are required when measuring at the second maximum. The unique high power of the ESS proton linac will allow for the measurements to be made at the second maximum and thereby for the most precise measurements of the leptonic CP violation phase δ_CP to be made. This paper describes the results of the work made on the conceptual design of ESSνSB layout, infrastructure, and components as well as the evaluation of the physics performance for leptonic CP violation discovery and, in particular, the precision in the measurement of δ_CP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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8 pages, 2328 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Searches for Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo and Extragalactic Sources with IceCube

by Minjin Jeong

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008070 - 5 Dec 2023

Viewed by 675

Abstract

Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced during dark matter decay or annihilation processes. [...] Read more.

Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced during dark matter decay or annihilation processes. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale neutrino telescope located under 1.5 km of ice near the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Various dark matter searches were performed with IceCube over the last decade, providing strong constraints on dark matter models. In this contribution, we present the latest results from IceCube as well as ongoing analyses using IceCube data, focusing on the works that look at the Galactic Halo, nearby galaxies, and galaxy clusters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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4 pages, 15553 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Astronomy Data Using Virtual Reality

by Gilles Ferrand

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008071 - 5 Dec 2023

Viewed by 848

Abstract

Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Many data products in astronomy come in the form of multi-dimensional cubes, and since our brains are tuned for recognition in a 3D world, [...] Read more.

Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Many data products in astronomy come in the form of multi-dimensional cubes, and since our brains are tuned for recognition in a 3D world, we ought to display and manipulate these in 3D space. This is possible with virtual reality (VR) devices. Drawing from our experiments developing immersive and interactive 3D experiences from actual science data at the Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory (ABBL), this paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges that are awaiting astrophysicists in the burgeoning VR space. It covers both software and hardware matters, as well as practical aspects for successful delivery to the public. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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6 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of a Clock Generation and Time Distribution System for Hyper-Kamiokande

by Lucile Mellet, Mathieu Guigue, Boris Popov, Stefano Russo and Vincent Voisin

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008072 - 18 Jan 2024

Viewed by 785

Abstract

The construction of the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) has started. It will have about a ten times larger fiducial volume compared to the existing Super-Kamiokande detector, as well as increased detection performances. The data collection process is planned from 2027 onwards. [...] Read more.

The construction of the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) has started. It will have about a ten times larger fiducial volume compared to the existing Super-Kamiokande detector, as well as increased detection performances. The data collection process is planned from 2027 onwards. Time stability is crucial, as detecting physics events relies on reconstructing Cherenkov rings based on the coincidence between the photomultipliers. The above requires a distributed clock jitter at each endpoint that is smaller than 100 ps. In addition, since this detector will be mainly used to detect neutrinos produced by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, each event needs to be timed-tagged with a precision better than 100 ns, with respect to UTC, in order to be associated with a proton spill from J-PARC or the events observed in other detectors for multi-messenger astronomy. The HK collaboration is in an R&D phase and several groups are working in parallel for the electronics system. This proceeding will present the studies performed at LPNHE (Paris) related to a novel design for the time synchronization system in Kamioka with respect to the previous KamiokaNDE series of experiments. We will discuss the clock generation, including the connection scheme between the GNSS receiver (Septentrio) and the atomic clock (free-running Rubidium), the precise calibration of the atomic clock and algorithms to account for errors on satellites orbits, the redundancy of the system, and a two-stage distribution system that sends the clock and various timing-sensitive information to each front-end electronics module, using a custom protocol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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8 pages, 2751 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

NuMI Beam Monitoring Simulation and Data Analysis

by Yiding Yu, Thomas Joseph Carroll, Sudeshna Ganguly, Karol Lang, Eduardo Ossorio, Pavel Snopok, Jennifer Thomas, Don Athula Wickremasinghe and Katsuya Yonehara

Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008073 - 22 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Following the decommissioning of the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment, muon and hadron monitors have emerged as vital diagnostic tools for the NuMI Off-axis

ν_{μ}

Appearance (NOvA) experiment at Fermilab. These tools are crucial for overseeing the Neutrinos at the [...] Read more.

Following the decommissioning of the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment, muon and hadron monitors have emerged as vital diagnostic tools for the NuMI Off-axis

ν_{μ}

Appearance (NOvA) experiment at Fermilab. These tools are crucial for overseeing the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam. This study endeavors to ensure the monitor signal quality and to correlate them with the Neutrino beam profile. Leveraging muon monitor simulations, we systematically explore the monitor responses to variations in proton-beam and lattice parameters. Through the amalgamation of individual pixel data from muon monitors, pattern-recognition algorithms, simulations, and measured data, we devise machine-learning-based models to predict muon monitor responses and Neutrino flux. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Workshop on Neutrinos from Accelerators)

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