Sat phones require line-of-sight to a satellite on their network. They do not work inside.
In min 37, Miles reads a Latin inscription supposedly from year '1218 ab urbes condita' meaning " 1218 years after the founding of the city", being Rome's way to count the years. (so about 462 AD). But Romans would have written MCCXVIII, since Arab numerals weren't used in the West for another 500 years.
Any military personnel would address themselves as Name and Rank.