The "Alice Blue Gown" is a specific shade of blue named after Alice Roosevelt Longworth, the daughter of President Teddy Roosevelt. "Alice blue" became a fashion sensation and the chic color of the era.
This was adapted from a popular Broadway musical that originally opened at the Vanderbilt Theater on Nov. 18, 1919 and ran for 675 performances. At the time it was the longest-running show in Broadway history. Irene Dunne and Jeanette MacDonald were replacement cast members during its long run. The musical was later revived with Debbie Reynolds in the lead. This version opened at the Minskoff Theater in New York on March 13, 1973 and ran for 594 performances.
During the Techicolor sequence, virtually everything aside from the blue gown is black or white. The wall decoration is a black and white mural and all of the other women wear grey, black, or white. This makes the blue gown jump out of the scene.