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Joseph Jefferson III, often known as Joe Jefferson, was an American actor. He was the third actor of this name in a family of actors and managers, and one of the most famous 19th century American comedians. Beginning as a young child, he continued as a performer for most of his 76 years. Jefferson was particularly well known for his adaptation and portrayal of Rip Van Winkle on the stage, reprising the role in several silent film adaptations. After 1865, he created no other major role and toured with this play for decades.

Anton Rubinstein, the founder of St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music who regarded music as an international language, was also a word-class piano virtuoso who performed a longest concert marathon in the 19th century.

He was born Anton Grigorjewitsch Rubinstein into a Russian-Jewish family on November 16, 1829, in the village of Vikhvatinets near Rybnitsa in the south of the Russian Empire (now the Republic of Moldova). He learned the piano from an early age and began public performances at the age of 9. He studied music in Paris and in Berlin, where he was supported by Felix Mendelssohn. He achieved a reputation of one of the greatest piano virtuosi and was regarded as a rival to Franz Liszt. At age 19 he left a teaching job in Vienna, after being hired by the family of the Tsar's brother in St. Petersburg, Russia. In 1862, Anton Rubinstein together with his brother, Nikolai Rubinstein, founded the St. Petersburg Conservatory, where their students were such composers as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff among others.

Anton Rubinstein regarded music as an international language. He believed that music may communicate beyond words directly to human souls. He also made a humorous self-definition, "To the Christians I am a Jew, to the Jews I am a Christian, to the Russians I am a German, to the Germans I am a Russian.", wittily describing his place in the world. His ancestry was Russian, Jewish, and German, and his parents converted to Christianity because of the fear of anti-Semitism in the Russian Empire. Anton Rubinstein and his brother Nikolai did not exhibit any Russian nationalism in their music, albeit their student Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky became popularly identified with Russia.

In the season of 1872-73 Anton Rubinstein made a triumphant eight-month tour of the United States. It was a sensational marathon of 215 piano recitals in many cities across the USA. Upon his return to Russia, Anton Rubinstein wrote Variations on the theme of Yankey Doodle. His other compositions include six symphonies, four piano concerti, and many chamber works for piano and strings or ensemble music with piano. Among his 20 operas, "The Demon" stands out for it's lavish score, inspired by the eponymous Romantic poem of Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov.

Anton Rubinstein died on November 20, 1894, in Peterhof, a royal suburb of St. Petersburg, and was laid to rest in the Necropolis of the Masters of Arts at St. Aleksander Nevsky Monastery next to the tomb of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The street in St. Petersburg, Russia, where Rubinstein lived, is now named the Rubinstein Street. The main concert hall of St. Petersburg Conservatory is named The Rubinstein Hall.

A fearsome Apache Indian warrior and medicine man of mythic stature, Geronimo was born about 1829 on the upper reaches of the Gila River (near the present-day mining town of Clifton, AZ). He belonged to the Be-don-ko-he band of the southern Chiricahua Apaches. He was known as Goyathlay or Goyaklay, meaning "one who yawns." It's not clear how he came to be called Geronimo, but conventional wisdom is that it was bestowed upon him by Mexicans during his many raids into that country.

Few specifics are known of his early life, but he emerged as a leader of the Chiricahuas in 1858 in the wake of personal tragedy. According to Geronimo, he had gone in the company of other Apaches and their families to trade peacefully with settlers around the Mexican military post at Janos in northern Chihuahua. While he and other adult males were away, a troop of Mexican soldiers from the neighboring state of Sonora swooped down on the family encampment and slaughtered most of the Apaches there, including Geronimo's mother, wife and three children. As a result, Geronimo swore revenge on Mexicans. Soon after the massacre at Janos, Geronimo received a spirit's voice that told him to fight the Mexicans. In the ensuing forays Geronimo was wounded many times but always recovered, and as late as 1897 he was still boasting to those who would listen that no bullet could kill him. Indeed, foes and followers alike thought that Geronimo was endowed with supernatural powers. Eyewitnesses declared him clairvoyant; according to them, he could interpret signs, explain the unknowable and predict the future.

In line with its uncertain and fluctuating policy, the US government tried to "civilize" the Apaches by shifting them from one reservation to another in Arizona and New Mexico. Although they would "settle down" for a spell on reservation land, sooner or later one or more bands would break out and go on the warpath, and the resulting plundering, burning and killing terrorized the civilian populace from Arizona down into Mexico. Geronimo himself often led these warring factions. Several times he was captured or forced to surrender and was returned to a reservation for a period of time (although other Apaches might be on the warpath), but he eventually would break out again. In May 1885 he fled the reservation with 35 men, 8 boys and 101 women. Ten months later he again surrendered to the American military in northern Sonora (a treaty between the US and Mexico allowed security forces from each nation to cross the border in pursuit of hostile Indians) only to bolt for freedom one more time. With 5,000 American soldiers and 500 Apache scouts and police in pursuit, Geronimo--with 16 warriors, 14 women and 6 children--surrendered to the US Army for the last time on September 3, 1886, at Skeleton Canyon in southern Arizona.

Thus ended an epoch called "The Apacheria", a period of almost constant warfare involving whites, Mexicans and Apaches that lasted for nearly two centuries. Geronimo was exiled to Florida but was promised that afterwards he and his followers would be allowed to return to Arizona--a promise that was not kept. They were placed under military confinement and later scattered among various reservations, with Geronimo and some of his people being sent to Oklahoma. He later became a farmer there and adopted Christianity. He dictated his autobiography, "Geronimo: His Own Story", published in 1906. In February 1909 the 85-year-old warrior fell off of his horse and remained in a ditch until the next day. He caught pneumonia and died a few days later. He was buried in the Indian cemetery at Fort Sill, OK.

Pierre-Alexis Ponson du Terrail was born on 8 July 1829 in Montmaur, Hautes-Alpes, France. He was a writer, known for Rocambole contra las mujeres arpías (1967), Rocambole contra la secta del escorpión (1967) and Rocambole (1963). He died on 10 January 1871 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.

Louis Lambert was born on 25 December 1829 in Ballygar, Ireland, UK [now County Galway, Republic of Ireland]. He is known for Chaplin (1992), Farscape (1999) and Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988). He was married to Ellen J. O'Neill. He died on 24 September 1892 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

T.W. Robertson was born on 1 September 1829 in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England, UK. He was a writer, known for David Garrick (1913), The Temptress (1920) and David Garrick (1916). He died on 3 February 1871 in London, England, UK.

William Booth was born on 10 April 1829 in Nottingham, England, UK. He was married to Catherine Mumford. He died on 20 August 1912 in London, England, UK.

King Oscar II was born on 21 January 1829 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden. He is known for Kongejagt paa Hveen (1903), Konungens af Siam landstigning vid Logårdstrappan (1897) and Kung Oscars mottagning i Kristianstad (1906). He was married to Drottning Sophia. He died on 8 December 1907 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden.

Louis Moreau Gottschalk was born on 8 May 1829 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Louis Moreau was a composer, known for Original Sin (2001), Little Women (2019) and The Lovebirds (2020). Louis Moreau died on 18 December 1869 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

George Francis Train was born on 24 March 1829 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was married to Wilhelmina Wilkinson Davis. He died on 5 January 1904 in New York City, New York, USA.

Emmy von Rhoden was born on 15 November 1829 in Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia [now Germany]. She was a writer, known for Svéhlavicka (1927), A Cabeçuda (1960) and Ilsa (1964). She was married to Hermann Friedrich Friedrich. She died on 17 April 1885 in Dresden, Germany.

Charles Victor Cherbuliez was a Swiss- French author, playwright, literary and art critic and a member of the Académie Française. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland, the son of M. Andre Cherbuliez, a professor of Latin and Greek studies at the University of Geneva. Cherbuliez was the descendant of French Huguenots who had generations earlier fled to Switzerland to escape persecution. Cherbuliez would later gain his French citizenship through a Napoleonic era law that revoked the Edict of Nantes and allowed descendants of Protestant families who had left France to claim French citizenship. Cherbuliez attended schools in Geneva, Paris, Bonn and Berlin before returning to Geneva to Teach. Inspired by the literary style of George Sand, his first book, "Un Cheval de Phidias", was published in Paris in 1860.

He was the author of two five-act plays "Samuel Brohl" and "L'aventure du Ladislaw Bolski", along with a number of other works of fiction and non-fiction. A list of his best known works probably would include "Le Comte Kostia" (1863), "Le Peince Vitale "(1864), "Jean Têterol's Idea"(1870) "Samuel Brohl et Cie" (1877), "Samuel Brohl" (1879), "Noirs et rouges" (1881), "La Vocation du Comte Ghislain" (1888) and "Jacquine Vanesse "(1898). Cherbuliez published a number of works under the pseudonym G. Valbert.

Cherbuliez received the Légion d'honneur in 1870 and was elected to the Académie Française in 1881.

A popular quote of his that appeared in a number of American newspapers a century or so ago was; "My son, we should lay up a stock of absurd enthusiasms in our youth or else we shall reach the end of our journey with an empty heart, for we lose a great many of them by the way".

Charles Victor Cherbuliez died on 2 July, 1899 at Combs-la-Ville, a suburbs of Paris.

Friedrich Zell was born on 11 February 1829 in Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia [now Germany]. He was a writer, known for Die Dubarry (1951), A Night in Venice (1953) and Gasparone (1937). He died on 17 March 1895 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now Austria].

Adolphe Belot was born on 6 November 1829 in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. He was a writer, known for Sapho (1934), The Stranglers of Paris (1913) and The Grip of Iron (1920). He died on 18 December 1890 in Paris, France.

Friedrich Spielhagen was born on 24 February 1829 in Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia [now Germany]. He was a writer, known for Problematische Naturen (1913). He was married to Therese Wittich. He died on 25 February 1911 in Berlin, Germany.

José de Alencar was born on 1 May 1829 in Messejana, Ceará, Brazil. He was a writer, known for O Guarani (1916), Lucíola (1916) and Iracema (1949). He was married to Georgina Augusta Cochrane. He died on 12 December 1877 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Robun Kanagaki was born on 6 January 1829 in Edo, Japan. He was a writer, known for Takahashi Oden - Zempen (1926) and Takahashi Oden - Kôhen (1926). He died on 8 October 1894 in Tokyo, Japan.

Camillo Walzel was born on 11 February 1829 in Magdeburg, Germany. He was a writer, known for Only One Night (1939), Musical TV Theater (1970) and Ryska snuvan (1937). He died on 17 March 1895 in Vienna, Austria.

Qorpo Santo was born on 19 April 1829 in Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Qorpo was a writer, known for Eu Sou Vida, Eu Não Sou Morte (1970). Qorpo died on 1 May 1883 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.