In 1987, a now fairly obscure Japanese live-action / animated hybrid feature was released known as Twilight of the Cockroaches. Although largely forgotten nowadays, it was one of the first exposures for American audiences to see the kind of surreal allegorical narratives Japan could tackle through the art of animation when the anime craze was growing in the early 1990s. In regards to this film's genre, it can best be described as a fantastical political allegory on prejudice and enmity human beings show to lesser species, albeit from the perspective of cockroaches residing in a Japanese apartment building.
The main storyline focuses on a society of cockroaches who live peacefully in the apartment of the slovenly Saito. Once a woman moves in, the roaches become victims of extermination and are forced to go to war. What's interesting about Twilight of the Cockroaches is how it distinguishes its two separate species through different forms of filmmaking. The cockroaches are depicted as animated caricatures whereas the actual people are depicted through live-action footage executed with a monotone color palette. While the compositing might look crude even for its time, the allegorical message is what makes the film work well for the most part. Given that these cockroaches reside in one man's apartment, there is a fascinating insight between the roaches who take life for granted by partying lazily and the ones who stand for pride and bravery against the higher forces who would kill them at first sight. As writer-director Hiroaki Yoshida claimed the film was meant to be a parable on neglecting one's purpose in favor of blind luxury, the message remains timeless even through sub par filmmaking.
Admittedly, there is a lot to juggle in the film storywise that it can become hard to keep track of who is supposed to be the main focus. While the central protagonist Naomi is represented as carefree and affluent at first, she ends up realizing the dangers of people beyond Saito through the militaristic cockroach Hans. In addition to her love of the soldier conflicting with her relationship towards fiance Ichiro, sometimes Naomi is left out of the picture long enough for the other cockroaches to move the plot forward, thus making it hard to determine who we're supposed to be focusing on to begin with. That being said, the entire cockroach community is meant to be a target for murder from simple minded humans, so the message of mindless destruction towards innocent lives remains intact nonetheless. The score by composer Morgan Fisher has as much serenity in it as it has intensity, as one can sense a disturbing presence lurking through the soundtrack. As far as anti war films are concerned, it's rare to see the focus be centered on a species we as people treat like scum.
While Twilight of the Cockroaches may have some visual and narrative setbacks here and there, its grounded message and empathetic view towards an otherwise revolting species is worth commending. As this film was once a minor cult favorite of anime fans during the 1990s, here's hoping it will gain somewhat of a new audience in this day and age. Even if the weak filmmaking and frightening tone sets you back a little bit, I still recommend giving it at least one watch just to see what can happen when we are shown a different world beyond our own that we can still find ourselves worrying about.
