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FUNÇÕES TEOLÓGICAS E RETÓRICAS DA ALUSÃO AO YOM KIPPUR EM HEBREUS 9:24-25

Profile image of Isaac MalheirosIsaac Malheiros

2022, Perspectiva Teológica

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, através de uma pesquisa exegética e bibliográfica, as funções teológicas e retóricas exercidas pela alusão ao Yom Kippur em Hb 9:24-25. Por que o autor de Hebreus trouxe à tona o ritual anual do Dia da Expiação? Que papel o Dia da Expiação desempenha no argumento? Muitos intérpretes entendem que Hebreus utiliza o Yom Kippur como moldura para construir todo o argumento, fazendo uma interpretação tipológica desse ritual. No entanto, esta pesquisa conclui que o Yom Kippur é utilizado como representante dos sacrifícios da antiga aliança para demonstrar teológica e retoricamente a ineficácia do antigo sistema e a superioridade do sacrifício de Cristo.

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A REPRESENTAÇÃO LITERÁRIO-TEOLÓGICA DAS ÁRVORES NA BÍBLIA HEBRAICA Cover Page
 ȱ X ȱȱȱ ȱ  ,ȱ  ȱ    ,!ȱ ŚǯŖȱ  ȱ Ȯȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŚǯŖȱ Ǽ  DZȱ ŗŖǯŘŖşŗŗȦŘŗŝŜŞŝśŝŸśŚ—ř™ŞŗşȦŘŖŘŘ FUNÇÕES TEOLÓGICAS E RETÓRICAS DA ALUSÃO AO YOM KIPPUR EM HEBREUS 9:24-25 Theological and Rhetorical Functions of the Allusion to ˜–ȱ ’™™ž› in Hebrews 9:24-25 œŠŠŒȱ Š•‘Ž’›˜œȱ Ș RESUMO:ȱ ȱ ˜‹“Ž’Ÿ˜ȱ ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ȱ ·ȱ Š—Š•’œŠ›ǰȱ Š›ŠŸ·œȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ™Žœšž’œŠȱ Ž¡Ž·’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ‹’‹•’˜›¤ęȱŒŠǰȱ Šœȱ ž—³äŽœȱ Ž˜•à’ŒŠœȱ Žȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠœȱ Ž¡Ž›Œ’Šœȱ ™Ž•Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǯȱ ˜›ȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›˜ž¡Žȱ ¥ȱ ˜—Šȱ ˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Š—žŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ǵȱ žŽȱ ™Š™Ž•ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ŽœŽ–™Ž—‘Šȱ —˜ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ǵȱ ž’˜œȱ ’—·›™›ŽŽœȱ Ž—Ž—Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ž’•’£Šȱ ˜ȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ –˜•ž›Šȱ ™Š›ŠȱŒ˜—œ›ž’›ȱ˜˜ȱ˜ȱŠ›ž–Ž—˜ǰȱŠ£Ž—˜ȱž–Šȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ȱ’™˜•à’ŒŠȱŽœœŽȱ›’žŠ•ǯȱ ˜ȱ Ž—Š—˜ǰȱ ŽœŠȱ ™Žœšž’œŠȱ Œ˜—Œ•ž’ȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ ·ȱ ž’•’£Š˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Ȭ Š—Žȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ ™Š›Šȱ Ž–˜—œ›Š›ȱ Ž˜•à’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ›Ž˜›’ŒŠ–Ž—Žȱ Šȱ ’—ŽęȱŒ¤Œ’Šȱ ˜ȱ Š—’˜ȱ œ’œŽ–Šȱ Žȱ Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǯ PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ™Çœ˜•Šȱ Š˜œȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ǯȱ ŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œǯ ABSTRACT:ȱ ‘Žȱ ™ž›™˜œŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘’œȱ Š›’Œ•Žȱ ’œȱ ˜ȱ Š—Š•¢£Žǰȱ ‘›˜ž‘ȱ Š—ȱ Ž¡ŽŽ’ŒŠ•ȱ Š—ȱ ‹’‹•’˜›Š™‘’Œȱœž¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ›‘Ž˜›’ŒŠ•ȱž—Œ’˜—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ••žœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Š¢ȱ ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹ȱ şDZȱ ŘŚȬŘśǯȱ ‘¢ȱ ’ȱ ‘Žȱ Šž‘˜›ȱ ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ ‹›’—ȱ ž™ȱ ‘Žȱ Š——žŠ•ȱ›’žŠ•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ¢ȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ǵȱ‘Šȱ›˜•Žȱ˜Žœȱ‘ŽȱŠ¢ȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ȱ™•Š¢ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Š›ž–Ž—ǵȱ Š—¢ȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŽ›œȱ ž—Ž›œŠ—ȱ ‘Šȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ žœŽœȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ ŠœȱŠȱ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱ˜ȱ‹ž’•ȱ‘Žȱ ‘˜•ŽȱŠ›ž–Ž—ǰȱ–Š”’—ȱŠȱ¢™˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘’œȱ ›’žŠ•ǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ‘’œȱ ™Š™Ž›ȱ Œ˜—Œ•žŽœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ Š¢ȱ ˜ȱ ˜—Ž–Ž—ȱ ’œȱ žœŽȱ Šœȱ Šȱ ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Š’ŸŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ œŠŒ›’ęȱŒŽœȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜•ȱ Œ˜ŸŽ—Š—ȱ ˜ȱ Ž–˜—œ›ŠŽȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’Ȭ ŒŠ••¢ȱ Š—ȱ ›‘Ž˜›’ŒŠ••¢ȱ ‘Žȱ ’—ŽěȱŽŒ’ŸŽ—Žœœȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜•ȱ œ¢œŽ–ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘›’œȂœȱ œŠŒ›’ęȱŒŽǯ KEYWORDS:ȱ ™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Š¢ȱ ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ǯȱ ŠŒ›’ęȱŒŽœǯ Șȱ Ž—›˜ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¤›’˜ȱŸŽ—’œŠȱ Žȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜ǰȱ —Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ ˜Ž•‘˜ǰȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜ǰȱ ›Šœ’•ǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 819 Introdução ȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ¥ȱŽ—›ŠŠȱŠ—žŠ•ȱǻkat’eniautonǼȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤rioŗ (tà hágiaǼȱŒ˜–ȱœŠ—žŽȱŽȱŠ—’–Š’œǰȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ·ȱž–ŠȱŽŸ’Ž—Žȱ alusãoŘȱŠ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱǻYom KippurǼǰȱŽȱŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱŗŜǰȱ™˜’œȱŽœœŽȱ·ȱ˜ȱø—’Œ˜ȱ ŽŸŽ—˜Ȧ›’žŠ•ȱ —˜ȱ šžŠ•ȱ ŽœœŽœȱ ›¹œȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜œȱ œ¨˜ȱ Ž—Œ˜—›Š˜œDZ ›’œ˜ȱ—¨˜ȱŽ—›˜žȱ—ž–ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŽ’˜ȱ™˜›ȱ–¨˜ȱ‘ž–Š—Šǰȱ›·™•’ŒŠȱ˜ȱŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜ǰȱ Žȱ œ’–ȱ —˜ȱ ™›à™›’˜ȱ Œ·žǰȱ Šȱ ę–ȱ Žȱ Œ˜–™Š›ŽŒŽ›ǰȱ Š˜›Šǰȱ ’Š—Žȱ Šȱ ŠŒŽȱ Žȱ Žžœȱ Šȱ —˜œœ˜ȱŠŸ˜›ǯȱȱ—¨˜ȱ˜’ȱ™Š›Šȱ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ›ȬœŽȱŠȱœ’ȱ–Žœ–˜ȱ–ž’ŠœȱŸŽ£ŽœǰȱŒ˜–˜ȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜ŽȱšžŽȱŽ—›Šȱ—˜ȱŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŠŠȱŠ—˜ȱŒ˜–ȱœŠ—žŽȱŽȱ˜ž›Ž–ȱǻ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘśǼǯř ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ –Š’œȱ Š–™•˜ȱ ŽœœŠȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur é a inauguração da Š—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱǻşDZŗŜȬŘŖǼȱŽȱŠȱ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ˜ȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱŽ››Žœ›ŽȱǻşDZŘŗȬŘŘǼǯȱ ™àœȱ ’œœ˜ǰȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘřǰȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›ŽŽ›ŽȬœŽȱ ¥ȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Žǰȱ Ž—¨˜ǰȱ Š•žŽȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǯȱ ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ de Hebreus tem como moldura, portanto, a inauguração da aliança e do œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘǰȱ ŗŚǼǯŚ ›Ž•’–’—Š›–Ž—Žǰȱ ˜ȱ šžŠ›˜ȱ Ž›Š•ȱ ˜ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ȱ ·ȱ šžŽȱ ›’œ˜ȱ inaugurou o œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻşDZŘřǼǰȱ entrouȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻşDZŘŚǼȱ Žȱ ofereceu a si –Žœ–˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ ǻşDZŘśȬŘŜǼȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ŸŽ£ȱ ™˜›ȱ ˜Šœǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ ›Ž™Ž’’ŸŠ–Ž—Žȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ —˜ȱ Š—žŠ•ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚřǼǯ ŽœœŽȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ žœŠȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Ž–Šȱ Šȱ inauguraçãoȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱǻ  ǰȱŘŖŗŜǰȱ™ǯȱśŜşȬśŞŝǼǯȱȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱœŽȱŠŠœŠȱ Ž¡žŠ•–Ž—Žȱ ˜ȱ ›Ž•Š˜ȱ Šȱ ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ Š‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱ Ž—Œ˜—›Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ 3¡˜˜ǰś e combina o ritual da inauguração da aliança com o ritual de ȱ•ž–Šœȱ ŸŽ›œäŽœȱ Ž–ȱ ™˜›žž¹œȱ ǻ™˜›ȱ Ž¡ǯǰȱǰȱ  ǰȱ ȱ Žȱ Ǽȱ Žȱ Š•ž—œȱ Œ˜–Ž—Š›’œŠœȱ ǻ™˜›ȱŽ¡ǯǰȱ  ǰȱŗşŞşǰȱ™ǯȱŘŚśDzȱǰȱŗşŜŖǰȱ™ǯȱŗŝŖȬŘŖŘDzȱ   ǰȱŗşşřǰȱ™ǯȱŚŚśȬȱŚŚŞDzȱ  ǰȱŘŖŗşǰȱ™ǯȱŚŞDzȱǰȱŗşşŗǰȱ™ǯȱŒ¡¡’ŸDzȱ ǰȱŗşŞřǰȱ™ǯȱŞŚDzȱ ǰȱŗşśŘȬŗşśřǰȱŸǯȱŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśŝDzȱ  ǰȱ ŗşŞŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚşȬŗśřǼȱ ’—’ŒŠ–ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žœ™ŽŒÇꌊȱ —˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜œȱ œŠ—˜œȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǯȱ —›ŽŠ—˜ǰȱ —˜ȱ Yom Kippurǰȱ ˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ Ž—›ŠŸŠȱ —˜ȱ ȃœŠ—ž¤›’˜Ȅȱ ǻta hágia), ’—Œ•žœ’ŸŽȱ —˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜œȱ œŠ—˜œǯȱ–‹˜œȱ ˜œȱ Œ˜–™Š›’–Ž—˜œǰȱ žŠ›ȱ Š—˜ȱ Žȱ žŠ›ȱ Š—Çœœ’–˜ǰȱ ŽœŠŸŠ–ȱ Ž—Ÿ˜•Ÿ’˜œȱ ǻŒǯȱ Ÿȱ ŗŜDZŗŚȬŘŖǼǯ Ř ȱ Š›Šȱ ’Ž—’ęŒŠ›ȱ ž–Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ǰȱ ŽœŠȱ ™Žœšž’œŠȱ ž’•’£Š›¤ȱ ˜œȱ Œ›’·›’˜œȱ ™›˜™˜œ˜œȱ ™˜›ȱ ŽŠ•Žȱ ǻŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ śśȬŜśǼǰȱ Ž¡™•’ŒŠ˜œȱ —˜ȱ à™’Œ˜ȱ œŽž’—Žȱ ¥ȱ ’—›˜ž³¨˜ǯ ř ȱ Š•Ÿ˜ȱ ’—’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ Œ˜—›¤›’Šǰȱ Šœȱ Œ’Š³äŽœȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ ‹Ç‹•’Œ˜ȱ —ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ȱ ž’•’£Š›¨˜ȱ Šȱ ŸŽ›œ¨˜ȱ Šȱ Nj•’Šȱ Žȱ Ž›žœŠ•·–ǯ Ś ȱ ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ ›ŽšžŽ—Ž–Ž—Žȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ ž–ȱ ŸÇ—Œž•˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜œȱ Ž–Šœȱ Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Œ’Šȱ ›Šœ’•ȱ Žȱ ˜ž£Šȱ ǻŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŞşȬŚşŗǼǯ ś ȱ•ž–Šœȱ ’Ž›Ž—³Šœȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜œȱ ›Ž•Š˜œȱ Žȱ ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ œ¨˜DZȱ ŗǼȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ şDZŗşȱ Š•Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ de móschosȱǻ‹Ž£Ž››˜ǼȱŽȱtrágosȱǻ‹˜ŽœǼǰȱŽ—šžŠ—˜ȱ3¡˜˜ȱŘŚȱŠ•ŠȱŽ–ȱmoschárionȱǻ—˜Ÿ’•‘˜œǰȱŘŚDZśDzȱ Œǯȱ ŘşDZŗǰȱ řǰȱ řŜǼDzȱ ŘǼȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ şDZŗşȱ Šę›–Šȱ šžŽȱ ˜’œ·œȱ Šœ™Ž›’žȱ ˜ȱ •’Ÿ›˜ȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ ™˜Ÿ˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ȃ¤žŠǰȱ Žȱ •¨ȱ ’—Šȱ Žȱ ŽœŒŠ›•ŠŽǰȱ Žȱ ‘’œœ˜™˜Ȅǰȱ Ž—šžŠ—˜ȱ 3¡˜˜ȱ —¨˜ȱ –Ž—Œ’˜—Šȱ ŽœœŽœȱ ’Ž—œȱ ǻšžŽȱ Š™Š›ŽŒŽ–ȱ Ž–ȱ ˜ž›˜œȱ ›’žŠ’œǼDzȱ řǼȱ Žȱ ŠŒ˜›˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ şDZŘŖǰȱ ˜’œ·œȱ ’œœŽDZȱ ȃœŽȱ ·ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ ˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ šžŽȱ Žžœȱ Ÿ˜œȱ Ž–ȱ –Š—Š˜ȱ ǽ˜ž˜ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Š’–Šȱ ¾œȱ ’Š‘¾”¾œȱ ‘¾œȱ Ž—ŽŽ’•Š˜ȱ ™›àœȱ ‘¢–Šœȱ ‘˜ȱ theosǾȄȱǻǼǯȱ˜›ȱœžŠȱŸŽ£ǰȱŠȱȱ›Š£ȱŠȱŽŒ•Š›Š³¨˜ȱŽ–ȱ¡ȱŘŚDZŞDZȱȃ’œȱ˜ȱœŠ—žŽȱ˜ȱ™ŠŒ˜ȱšžŽȱ ˜ȱ Ž—‘˜›ȱ Ž£ȱ Œ˜—Ÿ˜œŒ˜ȱ ǽ’˜žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Š’–Šȱ ¾œȱ ’Š‘¾”¾œȱ ‘¾œȱ ’·‘Ž˜ȱ ”¢›’˜œȱ ™›˜œȱ ‘¢–ŠœǾȄDzȱ ŚǼȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ŗ 820 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŝŝǼǯ Žž—˜ȱ Ž—ȱ £›ŠDZȱ ȃȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ǻ›ŽǼ’—Šžž›Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Žȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠȱ Žȱ Ž¡™’Šȱ ˜œȱ Œ›Ž—Žœǯȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȱ ȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’Š•ȱ ›’˜ȱ Žȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜œȱ Š—˜œǰȱ ŒŽ—›Š•ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ žŠÇœ–˜ȱ ˜ȱ Žž—˜ȱ Ž–™•˜ǰȱ ˜’ȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŠ–Ž—Žȱ transformado e misturado com outros ritos que envolvem a aspersão de sangueȄȱ ǻȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŞŝǰȱ grifo nossoǼǯȱ ˜›ȱ ’œœ˜ǰȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ Žœ¤ȱ ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—Š˜ȱ ¥ȱ ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ Šȱ —˜ŸŠȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ ™ŽœŠ›ȱ Žȱ ‘ŠŸŽ›ȱ ’™˜•˜’Šȱ Ž–ȱ œŽžȱ Ž¡˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřşȬŘŗŚǼǰȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ —¨˜ȱ œŽȱ Š·–ȱ Šȱ ŽŠ•‘Žœȱ ˜œȱ ›’žŠ’œǰȱ Žȱ ’œœ˜ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Œ’Šȱ šžŽȱœŽžȱ˜‹“Ž’Ÿ˜ȱ—¨˜ȱ·ȱŠ—Š•’œŠ›ȱŽŠ•‘ŠŠ–Ž—ŽȱŠȱtipologia do Yom Kippur, –Šœȱ žœŠ›ȱ ŽœœŽȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ œž™˜›Žȱ Š˜ȱ œŽžȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ǯȱ Žȱ ˜›ȱ •’˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–Šȱ Ž¡™˜œ’³¨˜ȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ Š•ž–Šœȱ ’ęŒž•ŠŽœDZȱ —¨˜ȱ –Ž—Œ’˜—Šȱ ˜ȱ ŒŽ›’–˜—’Š•ȱ ˜ȱ Ž—Ÿ’˜ȱ ˜ȱ ‹˜Žȱ ™Š›Šȱ £Š£Ž•ȱ ™Š›Šȱ –˜››Ž›ȱ —˜ȱ ŽœŽ›˜ǰȱ —Ž–ȱ Šȱ œŠÇŠȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ˜ȱ Ž—Ÿ’˜ȱ ˜ȱ ‹˜Žȱ Žȱ Šȱ œŠÇŠȱ ˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Ž›Š–ȱ Šȱ Œ˜—Œ•žœ¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur) Ȯȱ –˜–Ž—˜œȱ Žȱ œž–Šȱ ’–™˜›¦—Œ’Šȱ —ŽœœŽȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŗşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŚŜDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘřǼǯȱ ŽœœŠȱ˜›–ŠǰȱŠœȱ™Ž›ž—Šœȱ—˜›ŽŠ˜›ŠœȱŽœŽȱŠ›’˜ȱœ¨˜DZȱ™˜›ȱšžŽȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱ de Hebreus cita o Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǵȱ žŠ’œȱ Šœȱ ž—³äŽœȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠœȱ Žȱ Ž˜•à’ŒŠœȱ ŽœŽ–™Ž—‘ŠŠœȱ ™˜›ȱ ŽœœŠȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Š—žŠ•ǵȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ —¨˜ȱ Žœ¤ȱ Š£Ž—˜ȱ ž–Šȱ Š—¤•’œŽȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠǰȱ šžŠ•ȱ œŽ›’Šȱ Ž—¨˜ȱ Šȱ ž—³¨˜ȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Šȱ ŽœœŽȱ ›’žŠ•ǵȱ œȱ ™›à¡’–˜œȱ à™’Œ˜œȱ ŠŸŠ•’Š›¨˜ȱ ŽœœŠœȱ šžŽœäŽœǯ 1 Pressuposições e metodologia Š›Šȱ˜œȱ™›˜™àœ’˜œȱŽœŠȱ’—ŸŽœ’Š³¨˜ȱǻšžŽȱ’—Œ•ž’ȱž–ŠȱŠŸŠ•’Š³¨˜ȱŠȱ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ Žȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǼǰȱ ˜ȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜ȱ –Š’œȱ ›Ž•ŽŸŠ—Žȱ ·ȱ ˜ȱ ¹—Ž›˜ȱ •’Ž›¤›’˜ǯŜ Hebreus se ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–Šȱȃ™Š•ŠŸ›ŠȱŽȱŽ¡˜›Š³¨˜Ȅȱǻ ‹ȱŗřDZŘŘǼȱȮȱ–Žœ–ŠȱŽ¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ž’•’£ŠŠȱ ™Š›Šȱ ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽ›ȱ ž–ȱ ’œŒž›œ˜ȱ Žȱ Šž•˜ȱ —Šȱ œ’—Š˜Šȱ Ž–ȱ ȱ ŗřDZśǯȱ ˜›Š—˜ǰȱ·ȱ“žœ’ęŒŠ˜ȱ™Ž—œŠ›ȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–Šȱ™Ž³ŠȱŽȱ˜›Šà›’ŠȱšžŽȱ Š•Ž›—Šȱ Ž¡™˜œ’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ Ž¡˜›Š³¨˜ǰȱ Žǰȱ œŽ—˜ȱ ž–Šȱ ȃ™Š•ŠŸ›Šȱ Žȱ Ž¡˜›Š³¨˜Ȅȱ šžŽȱ Œ˜–‹’—Šȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜œȱ Šȱ ˜›Šà›’Šȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ ˜›Šà›’Šȱ ›ŽŒ˜Ȭ›˜–Š—Šǰȱ Šœȱ œŽ³äŽœȱ Ž¡™˜œ’’ŸŠœȱ ȃœŽ›ŸŽ–ȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȱ Š˜ȱ ™›˜™àœ’˜ȱ Ž¡˜›Š’Ÿ˜ȱ Žȱ ˜Šȱ Šȱ ˜‹›ŠȄȱ ǻşDZŗşȬŘŗǼȱ›Ž•ŠŠȱšžŽȱ˜’œ·œȱŠœ™Ž›’žȱœŠ—žŽȱ—˜ȱ•’Ÿ›˜ǰȱ—˜ȱ™˜Ÿ˜ǰȱ—˜ȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱŽȱŽ–ȱ˜˜œȱ˜œȱ œŽžœȱ žŽ—œÇ•’˜œǯȱ ˜›·–ǰȱ 3¡˜˜ȱ –Ž—Œ’˜—Šȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ Šȱ Šœ™Ž›œ¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ Š•Š›ȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ ™˜Ÿ˜Dzȱ śǼȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Šę›–ŠȱšžŽȱ˜’œ·œȱžœ˜žȱœŠ—žŽȱ™Š›ŠȱŒ˜—œŠ›Š›ȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŽȱœžŠȱ–˜‹Ç•’ŠǰȱŽ—šžŠ—˜ȱ˜ȱ›Ž•Š˜ȱ Žȱ 3¡˜˜ȱ ’£ȱ šžŽȱ ˜’œ·œȱ žœ˜žȱ Š£Ž’Žȱ ǻ¡ȱ ŚŖDZşǰȱ ŗŖDzȱ Œǯȱ Ÿȱ ŞDZŗŖȬŗŗǼȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŗşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŚśǼǯ Ŝ ȱȱę–ȱŽȱ–Š—Ž›ȱ˜ȱ˜Œ˜ȱ—˜ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–Šȱ™›˜™˜œ˜ǰȱŽœŠȱ™Žœšž’œŠȱ—¨˜ȱŽ’ŒŠ›¤ȱŽœ™Š³˜ȱ¥œȱšžŽœäŽœȱ’—›˜žà›’Šœȱœ˜‹›Žȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱǻŠž˜›’ŠǰȱŠŠǰȱŽœ’—Š¤›’˜œǼǰȱŠ™Ž—ŠœȱŠœœž–’›¤ȱšžŽȱœŽȱ›ŠŠȱ de uma obra da segunda metade do primeiro século, de autoria não declarada, destinada a Œ›’œ¨˜œȱšžŽȱŸ’Ž›Š–ȱ˜ȱ“žŠÇœ–˜ȱǻ“žŽžœȱŽȱ—ŠœŒ’–Ž—˜ȱ˜žȱ™›˜œ·•’˜œǼȱǻ ǰȱŗşŜŗǰȱ™ǯȱŝŞǼǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 821 ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŘDzȱ ™ǯȱ şŘǼǯŝȱ Š—Žȱ ǻŗşŞśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřȬŗśǼȱ œžŽ›Žȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ™Š›ŽŒŽȱŽœŠ›ȱ™›ŽœŽ—ŽǰȱŠ•Š—˜ȱ’›ŽŠ–Ž—ŽȱŒ˜–ȱœžŠȱŠž’¹—Œ’Šȱǻ ‹ȱ śDZŗŗDzȱŜDZşǼǰȱ™˜’œȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽœŒ›ŽŸŽȱœŽžȱŽ¡˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–ȱ’œŒž›œ˜ȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š˜ȱŽȱ —¨˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–ȱ˜Œž–Ž—˜ȱ–Ž›Š–Ž—ŽȱŽœŒ›’˜ȱǻ ‹ȱŘDZśDzȱŞDZŗDzȱŗŗDZřŘǼǰȱŽȱŒ˜—Œ•ž’ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ·ȱ ž–ȱ ’œŒž›œ˜ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š˜ȱ —ž–ȱ Žœ’•˜ȱ œ’—Š˜Š•ȱ Œ˜–ž–ȱ ˜ȱ ™›’–Ž’›˜ȱ œ·Œž•˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŚŘȬřŚřDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖşȬŗŘŝDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ şŗȬŗŘśǼǯȱ ›ŠŠȬœŽȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ ’œŒž›œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ ž–Šȱ œŽ³¨˜ȱ Ž¡™•’ŒŠ’ŸŠȱ Š—ŽŒŽŽȱ ž–Šȱ Š–˜ŽœŠ³¨˜ǰȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Œ‘Š–ŠŠȱ Žȱ ȃŠ–˜—’³¨˜ȬŠ™¹—’ŒŽȄȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚşǼǯȱ –ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ Šȱ œŽ³¨˜ȱ Ž¡™•’ŒŠ’ŸŠȱ Žȱ ŝDZŗȬŗŖDZŗŞȱ Š—ŽŒŽŽȱ Šȱ œŽ³¨˜ȱ Š–˜ŽœŠ’ŸŠȱ Žȱ ŗŖDZŗşȬřşǯ Š›ŠȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Š›ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘśȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–ŠȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŠ˜ȱYom KippurǰȱŽœŠȱ™Žœšž’œŠȱ ž’•’£˜žȱ ˜œȱ Œ›’·›’˜œȱ ™›˜™˜œ˜œȱ ™˜›ȱ ŽŠ•Žȱ ǻŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ śśȬŜśǼȱ Žȱ Š¢œȱ ǻŗşŞşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘşȬřŘǼǰȱ šžŽǰȱ ›Žœž–’Š–Ž—Žǰȱ œ¨˜DZȱ ǻŗǼȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Š•ž’˜ȱ ǻ—˜ȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜œȱ Ž¡˜œȱ šžŽȱ ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽ–ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, Žœ™ŽŒ’Š•–Ž—Žȱ ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱ ŗŜǼȱ Žœ¤ȱ ŠŒŽœœÇŸŽ•ȱ Š˜ȱ Šž˜›ǰŞ e os leitores podem ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ›ȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ŠŒ’•’ŠŽDzşȱ ǻŘǼȱ Ž¡’œŽ–ȱ ™Š•ŠŸ›Šœȱ Žȱ ™Š›äŽœȱ œ’—¤’Œ˜œȱ šžŽȱ ›Ž–ŽŽ–ȱ Š˜ȱ Ž¡˜Ȭ‹ŠœŽȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ ǻ—˜ȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ Šȱ ž’•’£Š³¨˜ȱ ˜œȱ Ž›–˜œȱ ȃœž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜ŽȄǰȱ ȃŽ—›Š›ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜Ȅǰȱ ȃœŠ—žŽȄȱ Žȱ ȃŒŠŠȱ Š—˜Ȅȱ ›Ž–ŽŽ–ȱ ¥ȱ ŽœŒ›’³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur no ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Ž–ȱ ŒŠ›ŠŒŽ›Çœ’ŒŠœȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ™Ž³Šȱ Žȱ ˜›Šà›’Šȱ Œ˜–ȱ ™›˜™àœ’˜ȱ Ž¡˜›Š’Ÿ˜ǰȱ ˜žǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ’£ȱœžŠȱŠž˜ŽœŒ›’³¨˜DZȱ·ȱž–Šȱȃ™Š•ŠŸ›ŠȱŽȱŽ¡˜›Š³¨˜ȄȱǻŗřDZŘŘǼǯȱœž’˜œ˜œȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ȃ›ŠŠ˜ȱ ˜žȱ œŽ›–¨˜Ȅ ǻt ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖşǼǰȱ ȃœŽ›–¨˜Ȅȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśśDzȱ   ȱŘŖŗŘǰȱ™ǯȱŝŖDzȱ  ǰȱŘŖŖřǼȱŽȱȃ‘˜–’•’ŠȄȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŗŜǰȱ™ǯȱŗŜDzȱǰȱ ŗşŜşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŜŗȬŘŜşDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŝȬŗŘŝǼ Ş ȱ ȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ŽœœŽȱ Œ›’·›’˜ȱ ›ŽšžŽ›ȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ Žœ’ŸŽœœŽȱ ŠŒŽœœÇŸŽ•ȱ Š˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ǻ—¨˜ȱ —ŽŒŽœœŠ›’Š–Ž—Žȱ Š˜œȱ •Ž’˜›ŽœǼǰȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ™˜Žȱ œŽ›ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Œ’Š˜ȱ ™Ž•Šȱ šžŠ—’ŠŽȱ Žȱ Š•žœäŽœǰȱ ŽŒ˜œǰȱ ’™˜œȱŽȱŒ’Š³äŽœȱ˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱǻŽœ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—ŽǰȱŠȱǼǯȱȱŽŸ’¹—Œ’Šȱ’—Ž›—ŠȱœžŽ›Žȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Ž›Šȱ ž–Šȱ ™Žœœ˜Šȱ ŽžŒŠŠǰȱ Œ˜—‘ŽŒŽ˜›Šȱ Šœȱ œŒ›’ž›Šœȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ ™Ž—œŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ œŽžȱ Ž–™˜ȱǻ ǰȱŗşşŚǰȱ™ǯȱŝŘǼǯȱȱ˜›Žȱ’—Ěž¹—Œ’Šȱ˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱœ˜‹›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ·ȱ ž–ȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜ȱ ȃà‹Ÿ’˜Ȅȱ ǻ   ǰȱ ŗşŞŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řśǼǰȱ Žȱ —Ž—‘ž–Šȱ ˜ž›Šȱ ˜—Žȱ ™˜Žȱ œŽ›ȱ Š™˜—ŠŠȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ™›’—Œ’™Š•ȱ ’—Ěž¹—Œ’Šȱ ’›ŽŠȱ ˜žȱ ˜›–Š’ŸŠȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşŞŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗşǰȱ ŘŝDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşŞŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ¡•’¡ȱ ǽ—˜Šȱ ŗŗŜǾǰȱ Řŗśȱ ǽ—˜Šȱ ŗřŝǾDzȱ   ǰȱ ŗşŞŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŜDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŝŘǼǯ ş ȱ Žȱ ŠŒ˜›˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ Œ›’·›’˜ȱ Žȱ ŽŠ•Žȱ ǻŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ śśȬŜśǼǰȱ ˜œȱ •Ž’˜›Žœȱ ŽŸŽ›’Š–ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ Ž›ȱ Šȱ ŒŠ™ŠŒ’ŠŽȱ Žȱ ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Žø˜ȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ǰȱ Žǰȱ ™Š›Šȱ ’œœ˜ȱ ŠŒ˜—ŽŒŽ›ǰȱ ˜ȱ •Ž’˜›ȱ —¨˜ȱ ™›ŽŒ’œŠŸŠȱ —ŽŒŽœœŠ›’Š–Ž—Žȱ œŽ›ȱ ™›˜™›’Ž¤›’˜ȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ –Š—žœŒ›’˜ȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ ‹ŠœŠŸŠȱ Ž›ȱ ŠŒŽœœ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Œ˜—Žø˜ȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ǰȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ™˜Ž›’Šȱ ˜Œ˜››Ž›ǰȱ ™˜›ȱ Ž¡Ž–™•˜ǰȱ —˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ Šȱ ŽžŒŠ³¨˜ȱ Š–’•’Š›ȱǻǰȱŘŖŖřǰȱ™ǯȱŝŘȬŝřDzȱ Dzȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŗǰȱ™ǯȱŗŞŞǰȱŒǯȱ™ǯȱŗşŚǼȱŽȱŠœȱ œ’—Š˜Šœǰȱ šžŽȱ Ž›Š–ȱ Ž’ŒŠŠœȱ ȃŠ—˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ •Ž’ž›Šȱ ™ø‹•’ŒŠȱ Šȱ ˜›¤ȱ Žȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ Ž—œ’—˜ȱ ˜œȱ –Š—Š–Ž—˜œǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ ’—œ›ž³¨˜ȱ Šœȱ Œ›’Š—³ŠœȄȱ ǻ Dzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗȱ ™ǯȱ ŗşřǰȱ tradução nossaǼǯȱ Š›Šȱ ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ›ȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ ˜ȱ Žœ’—Š¤›’˜ȱ ŽŸŽ›’ŠȱœŠ‹Ž›ȱšžŽȱœŽȱ›ŠŠŸŠȱŽȱž–ȱŽŸŽ—˜ȱŠ—žŠ•ȱšžŽȱŽ—Ÿ˜•Ÿ’ŠȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȬœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻ™›’—Œ’™Š•–Ž—Žȱ —˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜œȱ Š—˜œǼǯȱ 1ȱ ›Š£˜¤ŸŽ•ȱ œž™˜›ȱ šžŽȱ Š•ȱ Œ˜—‘ŽŒ’–Ž—˜ȱ ŽœŠŸŠȱ ŠŒŽœœÇŸŽ•ȱ Š·ȱ –Žœ–˜ȱ ¥œȱ ™Žœœ˜Šœȱ ˜ȱ Žœ›Š˜ȱ œ˜Œ’Š•ȱ ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ Ž–ȱ œžŠȱ •’–’ŠŠȱ ŽžŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ǻ Ȭǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŝşǼǯȱ ™ŽœŠ›ȱ Šȱ Ž¡ŠŠȱ ’Ž—’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜œȱ Žœ’—Š¤›’˜œȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ œŽ›ȱ ’—ŒŽ›Šǰȱ Šȱ ŽŸ’¹—Œ’Šȱ ’—Ž›—Šȱ ˜ȱ •’Ÿ›˜ȱ œžŽ›Žȱ šžŽȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž›Š–ȱ —ŽàꝘœȱ ǻśDZŗŘǼǰȱ –Šœȱ “¤ȱ Ž›Š–ȱ Œ›’œ¨˜œȱ ™˜›ȱ Ž–™˜ȱ œžęŒ’Ž—Žȱ ™Š›Šȱ Ž–˜—œ›Š›Ž–ȱ –Šž›’ŠŽȱ –Š’˜›ȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž–˜—œ›ŠŸŠ–ȱ —Šȱ ·™˜ŒŠȱ ǻśDZŗŗȬŜDZřǼǯȱ œȱ Žœ’—Š¤›’˜œȱ ™˜Ž›’Š–ȱ Ž›ȱ œ’˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ “žŽžœȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ Ž—’˜œȱ šžŽȱ Œ˜—‘ŽŒ’Š–ȱœžęŒ’Ž—Ž–Ž—Žȱ˜ȱŒ˜—Žø˜ȱ˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱŠȱę–ȱŽȱ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ›ȱŠœȱŠ•žœäŽœȱ ao Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯ ŝ 822 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǼDzȱ ǻřǼȱ ‘¤ǰȱ —˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ’–Ž’Š˜ǰȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šœȱ Š˜ȱ –Žœ–˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ ˜—Žȱ ŸŽ–ȱ Šȱ œž™˜œŠȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ ǻ‘¤ȱ ˜ž›Š em ‹ȱ şDZŜȬŝǼDzȱ ǻŚǼȱ ˜ȱ œŽ—’˜ȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜Ȭ˜—Žȱ ǻ—ŽœŽȱ ŒŠœ˜ǰȱ ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱŗŜǼȱŠ“žœŠȬœŽȱŽ–Š’ŒŠ–Ž—ŽȱŠ˜ȱŠ›ž–Ž—˜ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽȱ˜ȱŽœŒ•Š›ŽŒŽDzȱśǼȱ‘¤ȱ™Š›Š•Ž•˜œȱŽȱŠ—Š•˜’Šœȱ—Šȱ•’Ž›Šž›Šȱ“žŠ’ŒŠȱŠȱ·™˜ŒŠȱǻ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱœ’–’•Š›’ŠŽœȱŒ˜–ȱŠȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŠȱŠ™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱǻǰȱŘŖŗŝǰȱ™ǯȱ ŘŝŝȬŘşŘDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşŞŖDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřȬŚŘDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŝDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŘDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗŠǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŜŗȬŚŜŚǼǯȱ•·–ȱ ’œœ˜ǰȱ œŽž’—˜ȱ ˜œȱ ™Š›¦–Ž›˜œȱ Žȱ ŽŠ•Žȱ Žȱ Š¢œȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśȱ Š£ȱ œŽ—’˜ȱ —˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ’–Ž’Š˜ǯ Š›Šȱ Žę—’›ȱ ˜œȱ ™›Žœœž™˜œ˜œȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ’œȱ ŽœŠȱ ’—ŸŽœ’Š³¨˜ǰȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ·ȱ —ŽŒŽœœ¤›’˜ȱ ŠŸŠ•’Š›ȱ Šœȱ ™›˜Ÿ¤ŸŽ’œȱ ’—Ěž¹—Œ’Šœȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ’œȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ Ž—Ž—Ž›ȱŒ˜–˜ȱŠŽŠ›Š–ȱŠȱŸ’œ¨˜ȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŠȱ›Žœ™Ž’˜ȱ˜œȱŽ–Šœȱ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—Š˜œȱ à alusão ao Yom Kippurǯȱ ȱ –˜•ž›Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ·ȱ Œ˜–™•Ž¡Šǰȱ Žȱ ·ȱ ž–ȱ ŽšžÇŸ˜Œ˜ȱ •Ž›ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ¥ȱ •ž£ȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ ø—’Œ˜ȱ Žȱ œ’–™•Žœȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ Œž•ž›Š•ȱ˜žȱŽ˜•à’Œ˜ȱǻ   ǰȱŘŖŖŚǰȱ™ǯȱŚŗŚȬŚŚřǼǯȱŽž’—˜ȱž–ŠȱŒ›ŽœŒŽ—Žȱ Ž—¹—Œ’Šǰȱ —˜œȱ ›ŽŒŽ—Žœȱ Žœž˜œȱ Ž–ȱ ˜Ÿ˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ Žȱ Ž¡™Š—’›ȱ ˜ȱ •ŽšžŽȱ Žȱ ™˜œœ’‹’•’ŠŽœȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ background conceitual de Hebreus, este Š›’˜ȱ ŸŠ’ȱ ™Š›’›ȱ Šȱ œž™˜œ’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ ·ȱ –Š’œȱ œŽž›˜ȱ Š›ȱ ™›’˜›’ŠŽȱ Š˜ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Žȱ ™Š—˜ȱ Žȱ ž—˜ȱ ŸŽŽ›˜ŽœŠ–Ž—¤›’˜ȱ Šœȱ Š•žœäŽœȱ Š˜ȱ ŒŽ›’–˜—’Š•ȱ •ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ ™ŽœŠ›ȱ Žȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š›ȱ ž–Šȱ Œ˜—ŸŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ Žȱ Ÿ¤›’Šœȱ –Š›’£Žœȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ’œȱ ˜ȱ™›’–Ž’›˜ȱœ·Œž•˜ǰȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽœ¤ȱ™›˜ž—Š–Ž—Žȱ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—Š˜ȱŠ˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ™˜›ȱ–Ž’˜ȱŽȱŒ’Š³äŽœǰȱŠ•žœäŽœǰȱ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’ŠœȱŽȱŽŒ˜œȱǻǰȱŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ¡¡ŸDzȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŞǰȱ™ǯȱŜŖȬŞŘDzȱ   ǰȱŗşŞŚǰȱ™ǯȱřśȬřŜDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşŞŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗşǼǯȱ œ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—Žǰȱ Šȱ ȱ ·ȱ Šȱ ™›’—Œ’™Š•ȱ ˜—Žȱ Šœȱ Œ’Š³äŽœȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşŞŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ¡•’¡Dzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŖřDzȱ  ǰȱ ŗşŜŗDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǼǯ •·–ȱ Šȱ ǰȱ ™Žœšž’œŠ˜›Žœȱ ¹–ȱ Š™˜—Š˜ȱ œ’—Š’œȱ Šȱ ’—Ěž¹—Œ’Šȱ Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠǰȱ ˜ȱ ™Ž—œŠ–Ž—˜ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜ȱ Žȱ Ǖ˜—ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşśŘȬŗşśřǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśȬşŗǼǰȱ Šȱ Ž˜•˜’Šȱ ™Šž•’—Šȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřřǼǰȱ ˜ȱ misticismo Merkabahǰȱ ˜ȱ —˜œ’Œ’œ–˜ȱ Žȱ Žȱ ž–›Š—ȱ ǻ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŗŚȬŚŚřǼǯȱ •ž–Šœȱ ™›˜™˜œŠœȱ ›ŽŒŽ‹Ž›Š–ȱ –Š’œȱ ŠŽ—³¨˜ȱ šžŽȱ ˜ž›Šœǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ Šȱ ‘’™àŽœŽȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›ŽĚŽŽȱ ˜ȱ ™Ž—œŠ–Ž—˜ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜Ȧę•â—’Œ˜ǯȱ 1ȱ ’—Ž¤ŸŽ•ȱ šžŽȱ ‘¤ȱ Š™›˜¡’–Š³äŽœȱ Ž—›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ Ǖ˜—ǰȱ –Šœȱ ˜œȱ ™Š›Š•Ž•˜œȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽ–ȱœŽȱ›Žœ›’—’›ȱŠ˜ȱŸ˜ŒŠ‹ž•¤›’˜ǰȱ™˜’œȱŠȱŽœ›žž›ŠȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱŽȱŠ–‹˜œȱ ·ȱ ‹Ž–ȱ ’Ž›Ž—Žȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŗşŝŖDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŘşȱ ǽ—˜Šȱ ŜřǾǼǯȱ ȱ Ž¡’œ¹—Œ’Šȱ Žȱ œŽ–Ž•‘Š—³Šœȱ Žȱ Žȱ ™Š›Š•Ž•˜œȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜ȱ •’Ÿ›˜ȱ Žȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ ˜—Žœȱ —¨˜ȱ œ’—’ęŒŠȱ —ŽŒŽœœŠ›’Š–Ž—Žȱ šžŽȱ Ž—‘Šȱ ˜Œ˜››’˜ȱ Š•ž–ȱ ’™˜ȱ Žȱ Œ˜—Š˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜œȱ ˜Œž–Ž—˜œȱ ˜žȱ ’—Ěž¹—Œ’Šȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ǻ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱŘŘȬŘřǼǯȱ1ȱ™›ŽŒ’œ˜ȱŒŠžŽ•Šȱ™Š›Šȱ—¨˜ȱŒŠ’›ȱ—Šȱȃ™Š›Š•Ž•˜–Š—’ŠȄǰȱŠȱ™›¤’ŒŠȱŽȱ ˜›³Š›ȱ œŽ–Ž•‘Š—³Šœȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜ȱ ˜Ÿ˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ ˜ž›˜œȱ ŽœŒ›’˜œǰȱ Žǰȱ Šȱ ™Š›’›ȱ ’œœ˜ǰȱŒ˜—Œ•ž’›ȱšžŽȱ‘˜žŸŽȱ’—Ěž¹—Œ’ŠȱŽȱž–Šȱ˜—Žȱœ˜‹›Žȱ˜ž›Šȱǻǰȱ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 823 ŗşŜŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗȬŗřǼǯȱ ŽœœŽȱ Šœœž—˜ǰȱ ŽŸŽȬœŽȱ ŸŽ›ȱ Šȱ Ž—˜–Ž—˜•˜’Šȱ Šȱ ›Ž•’’¨˜ȱ Žȱ ˜›–Šȱ –Š’œȱ Š–™•Šǰȱ —¨˜ȱ ŽœŠ‹Ž•ŽŒŽ—˜ȱ ŸÇ—Œž•˜œȱ ‘’œà›’Œ˜œȱ ¨˜ȱ Žœ›Ž’˜œȱ Žȱ Ž¡Œ•žœ’Ÿ˜œȱ Ž—›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ –˜Ÿ’–Ž—˜œȱ ™Š›’Œž•Š›Žœȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŗşŝŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŞǼǯ ˜›Š—˜ǰȱ Š™ŽœŠ›ȱ Žȱ ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ›ȱ šžŽȱ —Ž—‘ž–ȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ “žŠÇœ–˜ȱ ™˜Žȱ œŽ›Ÿ’›ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ –˜•ž›Šȱ Ž¡Œ•žœ’ŸŠȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ ™Ž—œŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ Žȱ ž’•’£Š›ȱ Šœȱ Œ˜—›’‹ž’³äŽœȱ Žȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ ˜—Žœǰȱ ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ȱ ™›’˜›’£Šȱ Šœȱ ŽŸ’¹—Œ’ŠœȱŽ—Œ˜—›ŠŠœȱ—˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱǻ™›’—Œ’™Š•–Ž—ŽȱŠȱǼǯȱ œœŠȱ ˜™³¨˜ȱ –Ž˜˜•à’ŒŠȱ •ŽŸŠȱ ¥ȱ ˜ž›Šȱ Œ˜—Œ•žœ¨˜DZȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ŽŸŽȱ ŽœŠ›ȱ ™›à¡’–˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Ž—Œ˜—›Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ —Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ Žȱ –Çœ’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ ǻ ȱȱǰȱŘŖŖśDzȱ ǰȱŗşşŖǰȱ™ǯȱŘŗȬŘŘǼǯȱȱŸÇ—Œž•˜ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Š’œȱ ˜—Žœȱ ’—Ž›Žȱ šžŽǰȱ ™›˜ŸŠŸŽ•–Ž—Žǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›Š£ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ ǻŗǼȱ ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ›ŽŠ•ǰȱ —¨˜ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜ȱ ˜žȱ –ŽŠà›’Œ˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŘȬŗŝŚDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ řśŚDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŗŗȬŗŗŜDzȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŗŠǰȱ™ǯȱśŜȬŜŞDzȱǰȱŘŖŗŗ‹ǰȱ™ǯȱŚŜŗȬŚŜŚǼǰŗŖȱǻŘǼȱž–ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ •˜ŒŠ•’£Š˜ȱ—˜ȱŒ·žǰȱŽȱ—¨˜ȱž–ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒ˜œ–˜•à’Œ˜ǰȱŽ–ȱšžŽȱ˜ȱŒ·žȱ·ȱž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşśŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ řşřDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŘDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ Œ’’’ȮŒ¡’’Dzȱ    ǰȱ ŗşşřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŖŞDzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŗşȬŗŞŗǼǰȱ ǻřǼȱ ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜’œȱ Œ˜–™Š›’–Ž—˜œȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚŘǼǰȱ Žȱ ǻŚǼȱ Ž–ȱ ™•Ž—˜ȱ ž—Œ’˜—Š–Ž—˜ȱ ǻŽ–ȱ Ž¡˜œȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’Œ˜œǰȱ Š—“˜œȱ ŽœŽ–™Ž—‘Š–ȱ Š’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Š•Ǽǯ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ ˜ȱ Œž•˜ȱ ‹ŠœŽŠ˜ȱ —˜ȱ Š‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱ Ž››Žœ›Žȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–Šȱ ȃ™Š›¤‹˜•ŠȄȱ ǻparabol‫ڼ‬Ǽȱ ǻşDZşǼDzȱ ˜ȱ ȃŸŽ•‘˜Ȅȱ šžŽȱ ŽŸŽ›’Šȱ Š›ȱ •žŠ›ȱ Š˜ȱ ȃ—˜Ÿ˜Ȅȱ ǻŞDZŗřǼDzȱ Šȱ ȃŒà™’Šȱ Žȱ œ˜–‹›Šȱ Šœȱ ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽœȱ ŒŽ•ŽœŽœȄȱ ǻŞDZśǼǰȱ ž–Šȱ ȃ›·™•’ŒŠȱ ˜ȱ verdadeiro [Š•¾‘’—àœǾȄȱǻşDZŘŚDzȱŒǯȱŞDZŘǼǯȱ˜ȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š›ȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŒ˜–˜ȱ ȱ˜‹›Žȱ˜ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱŽȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱšžŽȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱœžœŽ—Šȱǻ–Ž¤˜›Šȱ˜žȱ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽǵǼǰȱ‘¤ȱ’Ž›Ž—Žœȱ•’—‘ŠœȱŽȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ǰȱŠȱ™Š›’›ȱŠȱœž™˜œ’³¨˜ȱŽȱšžŠ•ȱœŽ›’ŠȱŠȱ–˜•ž›Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱŠȱŒ˜œ–˜•˜’ŠȱŽȱŠȱ˜—˜•˜’ŠȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǯȱŽ—›ŽȱŠœȱ™›’—Œ’™Š’œȱ™›˜™˜œŠœǰȱž–Šȱ•’—‘Šȱ Ž—Ž—Žȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ·ȱ –ŽŠà›’Œ˜ȱ ˜žȱ Žœ™’›’žŠ•’£Š˜ǰȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱž–ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ—˜·’Œ˜ǰȱŽ–ȱ•’—‘Šœȱę•â—’ŒŠœȦ™•Šâ—’ŒŠœȱǻ™˜›ȱŽ¡ǯDZȱ˜ěŠĴȱǽŗşŘŚǾǰȱ˜—Žę˜›Žȱ ǽŗşŜŚǾDzȱ–’‘ȱǽŗşŜşǾDzȱ™’ŒšȱǽŗşśŘȬŗşśřǾDzȱ‘˜–™œ˜—ȱǽŗşŞŘǾDzȱ‘˜–™œ˜—ȱǽŘŖŗŗǾDzȱ‘ž›œ˜—ȱǽŗşŞŜǾDzȱ ŽœŒ˜ĴȱǽŗşśŘǾǼǯȱž›˜œȱŠž˜›ŽœȱŽ—Ž—Ž–ȱšžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ›ŽĚŽŽȱŠȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŠȱŽ—Œ˜—›ŠŠȱ—˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱŽȱ—Šȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŠȱŠ™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ“žŠ’ŒŠǰȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š—˜ȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–Šȱ realidadeȱ Žœ™Š³˜ȬŽ–™˜›Š•ǰȱ •˜ŒŠ•’£ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ Žȱ Ž–ȱ ™•Ž—Šȱ Š’Ÿ’ŠŽǰȱ ’ŸŽ›’—˜ȱ Šȱ Žœ›žž›Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ ę•â—’ŒŠȦ™•Šâ—’ŒŠǯȱ Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ Ž¡™˜œ’³¨˜ȱ ŽœœŠȱ •’—‘Šȱ Žȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ǰȱ ŸŽ›ǰȱ ™˜›ȱ Ž¡ǯǰȱ Š–œȱ ǻŘŖŖşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŗǼǰȱ Š›—Š›ȱ ǻŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŚǼǰȱ Š››ŽĴȱ ǻŗşśŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŞǼǰȱ ŽŠ•Žȱ ǻŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŘśȬřŘŜǰȱ řŘşǼǰȱ žŒ‘Š—Š—ȱ ǻŗşŝŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŚǼǰȱ •˜ —Ž¢ȱ ǻŗşŝřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŝŝǰȱ ŗŞŘȬŗŞřǼǰȱ ’•ŸŽȱ ǻŘŖŗśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞŖȬřŖřǼǰȱ ˜‘—œœ˜—ȱ ǻŘŖŗŜ‹ǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŝȬŜřǼǰȱ ŠŠ—œ–Šȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřşǰȱ ŗŚřǼǰȱ ŠŒ”’Žȱ ǻŘŖŖŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśşǼǰȱ Šœ˜—ȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱřşǼǰȱ˜ĜĴȱǻŘŖŗŗǰȱ™ǯȱŘŗŞǰȱŘŘŖǼǰȱž›œ’ž•ȱǻŗşşřǰȱ™ǯȱŝŖǼǰȱ’‹‹Ž—œȱǻŘŖŗřǰȱ™ǯȱŝŖǰȱŗřŘȬŗŝŚǼǰȱŠ•”Ž›ȱ ǻŗşşŜǰȱ™ǯȱŘŖřȱǽ—˜ŠȱŗŘǾǰȱŘŖŚǼDzȱ’••’Ȭ•Ž’—ȱǻŘŖŖśǰȱ™ǯȱřřȬřŚǼDzȱŠ•‘Ž’›˜œȱǻŘŖŗŝǰȱ™ǯȱŚşȬŝŗǼǯȱœœŠȱ•’—‘Šȱ Žȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ȱ ǻŠ˜ŠŠȱ —ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜Ǽȱ Ž—Ž—Žȱ šžŽǰȱ —Šȱ ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŠȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ—¨˜ȱ·ȱ–Ž¤˜›Šȱ—Ž–ȱȃŽœ™’›’žŠ•’£Š³¨˜Ȅȱǻǰȱŗşŝřǰȱ™ǯȱŗŝŝǰȱŗŞŘȬŗŞřǼǰȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ ·ȱ ›ŠŠ˜ȱ —˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ ȃ—¨˜ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ —ž–ȱ —ÇŸŽ•ȱ ȁ–ŽŠà›’Œ˜Ȃǰȱ –Šœȱ •’Ž›Š•–Ž—ŽȄȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŖřǰȱ —˜Šȱ ŗŘǼǯ ŗŖ 824 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ˜ȱ ȃŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜Ȅȱ ǻŠ•¾‘’—àœDzȱ ŞDZŘǼǰŗŗȱ ž–ȱ ȃ–˜Ž•˜Ȅȱ ǻĆ™˜œǼȱ šžŽȱ ˜’ȱ –˜œ›Š˜ȱ Šȱ ˜’œ·œȱ ǻŞDZśǼǰȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ ŸŠ’ȱ Š˜ȱ Ž—Œ˜—›˜ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ Ž–™•˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ›ŽŠ•ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Žȱ —˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ —Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Žȱ Ž–ȱŠ•ž–Šœȱ›Ž•’’䎜ȱ˜ȱ—’˜ȱ›’Ž—Žȱ›à¡’–˜ǰŗŘ descritos em termos de realidadeǯȱœœ’–ǰȱŠ—˜ȱŠȱ–˜•ž›ŠȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱšžŠ—˜ȱŠȱ•’—žŠŽ–ȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽœŠ›’Š–ȱœžŽ›’—˜ȱŠȱ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽȱŽœ™Š³˜ȬŽ–™˜›Š•ȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻŠ™ŽœŠ›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ —¨˜ȱ Š›ȱ ŽŠ•‘Žœȱ ™›ŽŒ’œ˜œȱ ŽœœŠȱ ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽǼǯ œœŠȱ˜™³¨˜ȱ–Ž˜˜•à’ŒŠȱ™Š›ŽŒŽȱŽœŠ›ȱŽȱŠŒ˜›˜ȱŒ˜–ȱ˜ȱŒ˜—Žø˜ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ šžŽȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ Ž—Œ˜›Š“Š–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ ž—Š–Ž—˜œȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ Œ˜—ꊗ³Šȱ Œ›’œ¨ȱ ˜œȱ Žœ’—Š¤›’˜œǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–Šȱ —˜ŸŠȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ ›ŽŠ•ǰȱ ž–ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ ›ŽŠ•ǰȱ ž–Šȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ›ŽŠ•ǰȱšžŽȱ¤ȱŠŒŽœœ˜ȱ›ŽŠ•ȱŽȱž–ȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ›ŽŠ•ȱŽ–ȱž–ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•ŽœŽȱ ›ŽŠ•ǯȱŽž—˜ȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ǰȱŽœœŽȱ·ȱ˜ȱ™˜—˜ȱŒŽ—›Š•ȱǻkephálaionǼȱŽȱœŽžȱŠ›ž–Ž—˜DZȱ ȃtemosȱ ž–ȱ Š•ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ šžŽȱ œŽȱ ŠœœŽ—˜žȱ ¥ȱ ’›Ž’Šȱ ˜ȱ ›˜—˜ȱ Šȱ Š“ŽœŠŽȱ —˜œȱ Œ·žœǯȱ •Žȱ ·ȱ –’—’œ›˜ȱ ˜ȱ Š—ž¤›’˜ȱ Žȱ Šȱ Ž—Šȱ ŸŽ›ŠŽ’›Šȱ ǽŠ•¾‘’—àœǾǰȱ Š›–ŠŠȱ ™Ž•˜ȱ Ž—‘˜›ǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ ™˜›ȱ ‘˜–Ž–Ȅȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŞDZŗȬŘǼǯȱ –ȱ œŽžȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ǰȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Œ˜—œ’Ž›Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜‹›Šȱ ’Ÿ’—Šǰȱ ¨˜ȱ ›ŽŠ•ȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ Šȱ Œ’ŠŽȱŒ˜—œ›žÇŠȱ™˜›ȱŽžœǰȱŠȱ™¤›’ŠȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱŽȱŠȱȃŽ››ŠȄȱ™Ž•ŠȱšžŠ•ȱ‹›Š¨˜ȱ Š—œ’ŠŸŠȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŗŗDZŗŗȬŗŜǼȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞŖȬřŖřǼǯŗř ȱ ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ ȃŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜Ȅȱ ™›˜ŸŠŸŽ•–Ž—Žȱ ’—Œ•ž’ȱ –Š’œȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ȃ–Ž›Šȱ ŸŽ›ŠŽȱ –˜›Š•ȱ Žȱ Œ˜—’’ŸŠǰȱ –Šœȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Šȱ ’Ž’Šȱ Žȱ ȁŠž¹—’Œ˜Ȃȱ —˜ȱ œŽ—’˜ȱ ‘’œà›’Œ˜Ȭ›ŽŽ—’Ÿ˜Ȅȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŘŜǰȱ tradução nossaǼǰȱ Žȱ Šȱ •’—žŠŽ–ȱ ž’•’£ŠŠȱ ™˜›ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ œžŽ›Žȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ·ȱ ˜ȱ ŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜ȱ ™˜›šžŽȱ ·ȱ ȃ˜ȱ ȁŠ›’˜ȱ Ž—žÇ—˜Ȃȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȱ Žȱ ›ŽŠ•ǯȱ –ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽǰȱ Šȱ Ž—Šȱ Ž››Ž—Šȱ Ž›Šȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ ȁž–Šȱ Œà™’Šȱ Žȱ œ˜–‹›ŠȂǰȱ ž–ȱ ›Ž›Š˜ȱ ꐞ›Š’Ÿ˜ȱ ˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•Ȅȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŘśǰȱ tradução nossaǼǯȱ Ž›ȱ ŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜ȱ —¨˜ȱ ·ǰȱ —ŽŒŽœœŠ›’Š–Ž—Žǰȱ œŽ›ȱ Çœ’Œ˜ȱ ˜žȱ –ŠŽ›’Š•ȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŘŜDzȱ Œǯȱ  ǰȱ ŗşşŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŖŚǼǯ ŗŘ ȱ ȱ Ž–Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȦŽ–™•˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ Œ˜–ȱ ž–Šȱ ›·™•’ŒŠȱ Ž››Ž—Šȱ Šȱ Žœ›žž›Šȱ ŒŽ•ŽœŽȱ ’Ÿ’—Š–Ž—Žȱ ›ŽŸŽ•ŠŠǰȱ Š£’Šȱ ™Š›Žȱ Šȱ Ÿ’œ¨˜ȱ Žȱ –ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ—’˜ȱ ›’Ž—Žȱ ›à¡’–˜ǯȱ ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž›Šȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ Šœœž–’˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ Ž¡’œŽ—Žȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǰȱ –Šœȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž—Œ’˜—Š—˜ȱ Ž–ȱ Žœ›Ž’Šȱ ›Ž•Š³¨˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜œȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜œȱ Ž››Žœ›Žœǯȱ ›Šœ’•ȱ Žȱ ˜ž£Šȱ ǻŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŜȬŞŘǰȱ ŚŞŚȬŚŞŜǼȱ ’—ŸŽœ’˜žȱŽ¡˜œȱœž–·›’˜œǰȱŠŒŠ’Š—˜œǰȱ‘’’ŠœǰȱžŠ›Ç’Œ˜œȱŽȱŽÇ™Œ’˜œǰȱŽȱ’Ž—’ęŒ˜žȱœŽ–Ž•‘Š—³Šœȱ Žȱ ’Ž›Ž—³Šœȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ ˜ȱ —’˜ȱ ›’Ž—Žȱ ›à¡’–˜ȱ —ŽœœŽȱ Ž–Šǯȱȱ Œ˜››Žœ™˜—¹—Œ’Šȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ Ž››Žœ›Žȱ ™˜Žȱ œŽ›ȱ Ž–˜—œ›ŠŠȱ ’Œ˜—˜›ŠęŒŠ–Ž—Žȱ—ž–ŠȱŠ‹ž’—‘ŠȱŠȱ·™˜ŒŠȱ˜ȱ›Ž’ȱŠ‹žȬŠ™Š•Ȭ’’—ȱŠȱŠ‹’•â—’ŠȱǻŞŞśȬŞśŖȱŠǯǯǼǰȱ šžŽȱ –˜œ›Šȱ ˜ȱ ›Ž’ȱ ŠŒ˜–™Š—‘Š˜ȱ ™˜›ȱ ˜’œȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žœȱ œŽȱ Š™›˜¡’–Š—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Žžœȱ ‘Š–Šœ‘ǯȱ ȱ ’Ÿ’—ŠŽȱ Žœ¤ȱ Ž–ȱ œŽžȱ ™Š•¤Œ’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ šžŽȱ Žœ¤ȱ •’Š˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Ž–™•˜ȱ Ž››Žœ›Žȱ ˜—Žȱ ˜ȱ ›Ž’ȱ Žȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žœȱ Žœ¨˜ȱ Žȱ ™·ȱ ǻ[ǰȱ ŘŖŗśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśŗǼǯ ŗř ȱŸŠ•’Š—˜ȱŠȱŒ˜œ–˜•˜’ŠȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǰȱŠ–œȱǻŘŖŖşǰȱ™ǯȱŗřŗǼȱŠę›–ŠȱšžŽȱȃŠȱ–˜›ŠŠȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ŽȱŽžœȱ—¨˜ȱ·ȱ—ŽŒŽœœŠ›’Š–Ž—Žǰȱ™Š›Šȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ǰȱž–Šȱ’–Ž—œ¨˜ȱȁŽœ™’›’žŠ•Ȃǰȱ—˜ȱœŽ—’˜ȱŽȱ—¨˜ȱ œž‹œŠ—Œ’Š•ȱ ǽǯǯǯǾǯȱ ȱ Šž˜›ȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ‹¹Ȭ•˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ ȁ•žŠ›Ȃȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȄȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŗǰȱ tradução nossaǼȱ ˜—Žȱ ‘¤ȱ Š’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Š•ǰȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ •žŠ›ȱ šžŽȱ ™›ŽŒ’œŠȱ Š·ȱ –Žœ–˜ȱ œŽ›ȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠ˜ȱ ǻşDZŘřǼǯȱ œœŠœȱ ’–ŠŽ—œȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽ–ȱ ’ŸŽ›’›ȱ Šȱ Žœ›žž›Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ ę•â—’ŒŠȦ™•Šâ—’ŒŠȱ Žȱ œŽȱ Š™›˜¡’–Š–ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’Œ˜ȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ˜—Žȱ ‘¤ȱ •’ž›’Šȱ Š—Ž•’ŒŠ•ǯȱ ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŽœ¤ȱŽ–ȱȃž–ȱ–ž—˜ȱšžŽȱ˜ȱŽœŒ›’˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ•ŽŸŠȱ–ž’˜ȱŠȱœ·›’˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽȄȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřşǰȱ tradução nossaǼǯȱ 1ȱ ŸŽ›ŠŽȱ šžŽȱ ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽ›ȱ œžŠȱ ™›à™›’Šȱ ˜—˜•˜’Šȱ Ž–ȱŽŠ•‘Žœȱ—¨˜ȱ·ȱŠȱ™›Ž˜Œž™Š³¨˜ȱ™›’–¤›’Šȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ǰȱ–Šœȱȃ’£Ž›ǰȱŽ—¨˜ǰȱšžŽȱŽœœŠȱ•’—žŠŽ–ȱ Œ˜œ–˜•à’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ Š‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—Žȱ Œ˜—Œ›Ž˜ȱ ·ȱ £˜–‹Š›ȱ Šȱ Ž¡™Ž›’¹—Œ’Šȱ Žȱ Šȱ Žœ™Ž›Š—³ŠȄȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ šžŽ›ȱ ›Š—œ–’’›ȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚřǰȱ tradução nossaǼǯ ŗŗ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 825 ȱ ™Š›’›ȱ ŽœœŽœȱ ™›Žœœž™˜œ˜œǰȱ ˜œȱ à™’Œ˜œȱ œŽž’—Žœȱ Ÿ¨˜ȱ œŽȱ Ž’ŒŠ›ȱ ¥ȱ ’Ž—’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱŽȱ¥ȱŠŸŠ•’Š³¨˜ȱŽȱŠ•ž–Šœȱž—³äŽœȱŽ˜•à’ŒŠœȱŽȱ›Žà›’ŒŠœȱŠȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱ ao Yom Kippur Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǯ 2 O Yom Kippur ilustra a repetitividade dos sacrifícios –ŠȱŠœȱž—³äŽœȱ–Š’œȱŒ•Š›ŠœȱŠȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘśȱ ·ȱ’•žœ›Š›ȱŠȱ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œǯȱ–ȱşDZŘśǰȱ˜ȱYom Kippur é apresenŠ˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ Š•˜ȱ šžŽȱ ˜Œ˜››Žȱ Šȱ ȃŒŠŠȱ Š—˜Ȅǰȱ Žȱ ·ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŠ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ŽœžœǰȱšžŽȱȃž–ŠȱŸŽ£ȱœŽȱ–Š—’Žœ˜žǰȱ™Š›ŠȱŠ—’šž’•Š›ȱ˜ȱ™ŽŒŠ˜ȱ™Ž•˜ȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜Ȅȱ ǻşDZŘŜȱDzȱ Œǯȱ şDZŘŞǼȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞȬŘşǼǯȱ žȱ œŽ“Šǰȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ‘¤ȱ ž–ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽȱ Šȱ Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ •ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ŸŽ£ȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ›Ž•Š³¨˜ȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ’žŠ•ŠŽǯȱ Žœžœȱ ·ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ŽŽžŠ—˜ȱ ž–Šȱ ˜‹›Šȱ Žȱ ŒŠ›¤Ž›ȱ ˜™˜œ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, e teria šžŽȱ ȃ™ŠŽŒŽ›ȱ –ž’Šœȱ ŸŽ£ŽœȄȱ ǻşDZŘŜȱ Ǽȱ œŽȱ seguisse o padrão do Dia da ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ •ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ǯ ¡ŒŽ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŝǰȱ ˜—Žȱ ·ȱ ŽœŒ›’˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ ŽŸŽ—˜ȱ ø—’Œ˜ǰȱ šžŽȱ ˜Œ˜››’Šȱ ȃž–Šȱ ŸŽ£ȱ™˜›ȱŠ—˜Ȅȱǻhápax tou eniautou), uma das mais importantes características do Yom Kippur em Hebreus é ser anual,ȱŒ˜—˜›–ŽȱŠȱŽ¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱkat’eniauton ǻȃŠȱ ŒŠŠȱ Š—˜ȄǼǯȱ œœŠȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ Š™Š›ŽŒŽȱ œàȱ řȱ ŸŽ£Žœȱ —˜ȱ ˜Ÿ˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ ˜ŠœȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱǻşDZŘśȱŽȱŗŖDZŗȬŚǼǯȱŠȱǰȱkat’eniautonȱ›ŽŽ›ŽȬœŽȱ¥œȱŒŽ•Ž‹›Š³äŽœȱ Š—žŠ’œǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ ǻřŠŒŠ‹Žžœȱ ŗDZŗŗǼǰȱ Šȱ ŽœŠȱ Šȱ Ž’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ (o HanukkahDzȱŗŠŒŠ‹ŽžœȱŚDZśşDzȱŘŠŒŠ‹ŽžœȱŗŖDZŞǼǰȱŽȱŠȱŽœŠȱ˜œȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜œȱ ǻŒȱ ŗŚDZŗŜǼǯ ȱ œ’–’•Š›’ŠŽȱ Ž—›Žȱ Šȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ȃŒŠŠȱ Š—˜Ȅȱ ǻkat’eniautonǼȱ Žȱ Šȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ȃ–ž’ŠœȱŸŽ£ŽœȄȱǻpollakisǼȱ·ȱŽœŠ‹Ž•ŽŒ’ŠǰȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘśǰȱ™Ž•ŠȱŒ˜—“ž—³¨˜ȱ‘眙Ž› ǻȃŒ˜–˜ȄǼǰȱ Ž—Š’£Š—˜ȱ ˜ȱ ŒŠ›¤Ž›ȱ ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom KippurDZȱ ȃ—Ž–ȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜ȱ œŽȱ ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ›ȱ –ž’Šœ vezes [pollakisǾǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ [‘眙Ž›Ǿ o sumo sacerdote cada ano [kat’eniautonǾȱ Ž—›Šȱ —˜ȱ Š—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Š•‘Ž’˜Ȅȱ ǻǼǯȱœœ’–ǰȱ˜ȱYom KippurȱŠ—žŠ•ȱ·ȱž–ȱ›’žŠ•ȱšžŽȱ˜Œ˜››Žȱȃ–ž’ŠœȱŸŽ£ŽœȄǰȱ Žǰȱ ™˜›ȱ ’œœ˜ǰȱ ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ ¥ȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒŠ•ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşŝřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŞDzȱ Œǯȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŜřȬŗŜŚǼǯ ˜ȱ ŸŽ›œ˜ȱ ŘŜǰȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š–™•’Šȱ ˜ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ǰȱ Šę›–Š—˜ȱ šžŽȱ ›’œ˜ȱŽŸŽ›’ŠȱŽ›ȱȃœ˜›’˜ȱmuitas vezes [pollakisǾȱdesde a fundação do mundoȄǰȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱŽ•ŽȱœŽž’œœŽȱ˜ȱ™Š›¨˜ȱ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ˜ȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ—ŠȱŒŽ•Ž‹›Š³¨˜ǯȱȱ ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ›Ž›˜ŒŽŽ›’ŠȱŠ·ȱŠ—ŽœȱŠȱ’—œ’ž’³¨˜ȱ‘’œà›’ŒŠȱ˜ȱYom Kippur, Š·ȱ ¥ȱ ž—Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ –ž—˜ȱ ǻŒ›’Š³¨˜ǼǯŗŚ ȱ Ž›ȱ Šȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ȃž—Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ –ž—˜Ȅȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ ŚDZřȱ ǻŒǯȱ ȱ ŗřDZřśDzȱ ŘśDZřŚDzȱ Œȱ ŗŗDZśŖDzȱ ˜ȱ ŗŝDZŘŚDzȱ ȱ ŗDZŚDzȱ ŗŽȱ ŗDZŘŖDzȱ™ȱ ŗřDZŞDzȱ ŗŝDZŞǼǯ ŗŚ 826 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 É necess¤›’˜ȱŽœŠŒŠ›ǰȱ™˜›·–ǰȱšžŽȱŠœȱŒ˜–™Š›Š³äŽœȱŽ—›Žȱ˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ•ŽŸÇ’Œ˜œȱŽȱ˜ȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱŽȱ ŽœžœȱŽœŽ–™Ž—‘Š–ȱ’Ž›Ž—Žœȱž—³äŽœȱ—˜ȱŠ›ž–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ žŠ—˜ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Šȱ Šȱ inauguração da aliançaȱ Š˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱǻşDZŗśȬŘřǼǰȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽœŠ‹Ž•ŽŒŽȱidentidade, Ž—Š’£Š—˜ȱ™˜œ’’ŸŠ–Ž—ŽȱŠœȱ semelhançasȱŽ—›Žȱ˜œȱ˜’œȱŽŸŽ—˜œȱǻŠ’—ŠȱšžŽȱ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ—˜ȱŠȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ Žȱ ŽœžœǼǯȱȱ™›˜™àœ’˜ȱŽœœŠȱŒ˜–™Š›Š³¨˜ȱ·ȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ›ȱ ŽœžœȱŒ˜–˜ȱ˜ȱȃ–Ž’Š˜›ȱ Šȱ —˜ŸŠȱ Š•’Š—³ŠȄȱ ǻŞDZŜDzȱ şDZŗśǰȱ ŗŘDZŘŚǼȱ Žȱ œŽžȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜ȱ ȃœŠ—žŽȱ Šȱ Š•’Š—³ŠȄȱ ǻŗŖDZŘşDzȱ ŗřDZŘŖDzȱ Œǯȱ ŝDZŘŘǼǯȱ ˜›ȱ ˜ž›˜ȱ •Š˜ǰȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Œ˜–™Š›Šȱ o Yom Kippur Š˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ǻşDZŘśǼǰȱ ŽœŠ‹Ž•ŽŒŽȱ Šȱ superioridade do œŠ—žŽȱŽȱ ŽœžœǰȱŽ—Š’£Š—˜ȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŠ–Ž—ŽȱŠœȱdiferenças entre eles (ainda šžŽȱ ‘Š“Šȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜œȱ œŽ–Ž•‘Š—ŽœǼǯŗś Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽ¡Š•ŠȱŠȱœ’—ž•Š›’ŠŽȱŽȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱŠȱ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ǰȱžœŠ—˜ȱ ˜’œȱŒ˜—›ŠœŽœȱ˜ȱ’™˜ȱȃ—¨˜ȱ’œ˜ǰȱ–Šœȱ’œ˜ȄȱǻŽ–ȱşDZŘŚȬŘŜǼǯȱ›’–Ž’›˜ǰȱŽ–ȱşDZŘŚǰȱ —˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ ȃ›’œ˜ȱ não [ouǾȱ Ž—›˜žȱ Ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Ž’˜ȱ ™˜›ȱ –¨˜œǰȱ ꐞ›Šȱ do verdadeiro, porém [allaǾȱ—˜ȱ–Žœ–˜ȱŒ·žǰŗŜ para comparecer, agora, por nós, ’Š—ŽȱŽȱŽžœȄȱǻşDZŘŚǼǯȱžȱœŽ“ŠDZȱŠȱ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱ·ȱœž™Ž›’˜›ȱ™˜›šžŽȱ·ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯ –ȱœŽž—˜ȱ•žŠ›ǰȱŠȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱŠȱ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ ŽœžœȱœŽȱŽŸŽȱŠ˜ȱŠ˜ȱŽ•Žȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž›ȱ Ž—›Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ™Š›Šȱ œŽȱ ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ›ȱ muitas vezes (como ocorria no Yom KippurȱŠ—žŠ•ȱŽ››Žœ›ŽǼǰȱ–Šœȱž–ŠȱŸŽ£ȱœàDZȱȃnem ainda [oudéǾȱ ™Š›ŠȱœŽȱ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ›ȱŠȱœ’ȱ–Žœ–˜ȱ–ž’ŠœȱŸŽ£ŽœȄȱǻşDZŘśǼǰȱȃŠ˜›Šǰȱporém [déǾǰȱŠ˜ȱœŽȱ Œž–™›’›Ž–ȱ ˜œȱ Ž–™˜œǰȱ œŽȱ –Š—’Žœ˜žȱ ž–Šȱ ŸŽ£ȱ ™˜›ȱ ˜Šœǰȱ ™Š›Šȱ Š—’šž’•Š›ǰȱ ™Ž•˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜ǰȱ ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜Ȅȱ ǻşDZŘŜǼǯȱ žȱ œŽ“ŠDZȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ ·ȱ œž™Ž›’˜›ȱ ™˜›šžŽȱ ·ȱ ø—’ŒŠȱ Žȱ Žę—’’ŸŠǯ ȱ •’Š³¨˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜œȱ ˜’œȱ ‹•˜Œ˜œȱ Žȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽȱ ǻşDZŘŚȱ Žȱ şDZŘśȬŘŜǼȱ ·ȱ Ž’Šȱ ™Ž•Šȱ partícula oudéǰȱ šžŽȱ œ’—’ęŒŠȱ ȃŽȱ —Ž–Ȅǰȱ ȃŽȱ Š–‹·–ȱ —¨˜Ȅǰȱ ȃ–ž’˜ȱ –Ž—˜œȄȱ ǻ    ǰȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśŖǼǯȱ œȱ ˜’œȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽœǰȱ Žȱ şDZŘŚȬŘŜǰȱ ˜›—ŽŒŽ–ȱ ˜’œȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜œȱ Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜ȱ Ÿǯȱ Řřȱ ‘ŠŸ’Šȱ Š—ž—Œ’Š˜DZȱ ȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ –Ž•‘˜›Žœȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ŽœŽœȄȱ ǻǼǯȱ –ȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ™Š•ŠŸ›ŠœǰȱşDZŘřȱ•ŽŸŠ—Šȱ˜ȱŽ–ŠȱŠȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱšžŽȱ·ȱŠ‹˜›Š˜ȱ—˜œȱ ŸŽ›œ˜œȱ ŘŚȬŘŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ śŝřȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǼǯ ¤›’Šœȱ’–ŠŽ—œȱŒž•žŠ’œȱœ¨˜ȱŽŸ˜ŒŠŠœȱ™Ž•˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ—ŽœœŽȱŒ˜—Ž¡˜DZȱ ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱǻŸǯȱŗŞȬŘŖǼǰȱ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱǻŸǯȱŘŗȬŘřǼǰȱYom KippurȱǻŸǯȱŘŚȬŘśǼǰȱ“žÇ£˜ȦŽœŒŠ˜•˜’ŠȱǻŸǯȱŘŜȬŘŞǼǯȱœœŠȱ·ȱž–ŠȱŽŸ’¹—Œ’ŠȱŽȱšžŽȱ ȱ ¤ȱ ˜’œȱ –˜Ž•˜œȱ ‹¤œ’Œ˜œȱ ™Ž•˜œȱ šžŠ’œȱ ˜œȱ Žœž’˜œ˜œȱ ›ŽŒ˜—‘ŽŒŽ–ȱ Šȱ ›Ž•Š³¨˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Žȱ Šȱ —˜ŸŠȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœDZȱ Œ˜—’—ž’ŠŽȱ Žȱ ŽœŒ˜—’—ž’ŠŽȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ şşǼǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™Š›Ž—Ž–Ž—Žȱ›Š£ȱ˜œȱ˜’œȱ–˜Ž•˜œǰȱ˜—ŽȱŠȱŒ˜—’—ž’ŠŽȱ™˜œœ’‹’•’ŠȱŠœȱŒ˜–™Š›Š³äŽœȱ™˜œ’’vas entre a antiga aliança e a dispensação cristã, mas a descontinuidade apresenta aspectos ’—œžęŒ’Ž—Žœȱ˜žȱ—ŽŠ’Ÿ˜œȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱšžŽȱŽ›’Š–ȱœ’˜ȱœž™Ž›Š˜œȱ™Ž•Šȱ—˜ŸŠȱǻ™Š›Šȱž–Šȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ™Š—˜›¦–’ŒŠȱ˜œȱ™›’—Œ’™Š’œȱŠœ™ŽŒ˜œȱŽœœŽȱŽ‹ŠŽǰȱŸŽ›ȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŜǰȱ™ǯȱŗȬŗşǼǯ ŗŜ ȱȱŽ¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱȃ˜ȱ–Žœ–˜ȱŒ·žȄȱǻ ‹ȱşDZŘŚǼȱ—¨˜ȱ—ŽŠȱŠȱŒ˜—ŒŽ™³¨˜ȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǰȱŽ—Œ˜—›ŠŠȱ Š–‹·–ȱ—˜ȱ›’–Ž’›˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ȱŽȱ—Šȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŠȱŠ™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ“žŠ’ŒŠǰȱŠȱŽ¡’œ¹—Œ’Šȱ›ŽŠ•ȱŽȱž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱno Œ·žǯȱœœŠȱŽ¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ™˜ŽȱœŽ›ȱž–Šȱsinédoque, onde todo o céu substitui uma parte Ž•Žȱ ǻ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•Ǽȱ ǻŒǯȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚśǰȱ ŗŜśǰȱ —˜Šȱ ŜşǼǯ ŗś Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 827 Šȱ ’—Ž—³¨˜ȱ Šȱ ™Ž›ÇŒ˜™Žȱ ·ȱ Ž–˜—œ›Š›ǰȱ Žȱ –Š—Ž’›Šȱ Š–™•Šǰȱ Šȱ ’—Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ Žȱ˜˜ȱ˜œȱ›’žŠ’œȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š’œȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³Šǯȱ˜›Š—˜ǰȱŠȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŠ˜ȱYom Kippur, Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ ŠŽœŠȱ Šȱ ’—ŽęŒ¤Œ’Šȱ Š—˜ȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Žȱ inauguraçãoȱ Žȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Ž–ȱ Ž›Š•ǰȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŠ—˜ȱ ǻŽ–ȱ ŸŽ£ȱ Žȱ ’žŠ•Š—˜Ǽȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœǯ ȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur,ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘśǰȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Š™˜—Šȱ ™Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ transição Žȱ ž–ȱ œ’œŽ–Šȱ Žȱ Ÿ¤›’˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Žȱ ›’žŠ’œŗŝ para uma aliança com um œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱœ’—ž•Š›ǰȱ˜ȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱǻşDZŘśȬŘŞǼǰȱŽȱŠȱtransição de um acesso limitado ŠȱŽžœȱ™Š›Šȱž–ȱŠŒŽœœ˜ȱ’•’–’Š˜ȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱǻşDZŘŚǼǯȱȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŠ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, Ž–ȱ şDZŘśǰȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ™˜Žȱ Š™˜—Š›ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ ›Ž•Š³¨˜ȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠȱ entre o sistema levítico e a obra de Jesus, ao comparar diretamente o ritual ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ ŠœŒŽ—œ¨˜ȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Š˜ȱ Œ·žȱ ǻşDZŘŚȬŘŜǼǯȱ˜ȱ Šę›–Š›ȱ šžŽȱ›’œ˜ȱŽ—›˜žȱȃ™Ž›Š—ŽȱŠȱŠŒŽȱŽȱŽžœȄȱ™Š›ŠȱȃŠ—’šž’•Š›ȱ˜ȱ™ŽŒŠ˜ȱ™Ž•˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱŽȱœ’ȱ–Žœ–˜Ȅȱǻ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘŜȱǼǰȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱœžŽ›ŽȱšžŽȱ˜ȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ›’œ˜ȱȃ·ȱŽȱŠ˜ȱž–ȱŒž–™›’–Ž—˜ȱ’™˜•à’Œ˜ȱ˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜Ȅȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŚŗǼǯȱ ž˜ȱ ’œœ˜ȱ Žœ¤ȱ ’—Œ•žÇ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǯȱ ˜ȱ Ž—Š—˜ǰȱ Šȱ ¹—ŠœŽȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ —Šȱ ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, Ž–ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ ø—’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǯ ȱȱ™Š•ŠŸ›Šȱȃœ’œŽ–ŠȄȱŠšž’ȱœŽȱ›ŽŽ›Žȱ¥ȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³Šǰȱ›Ž›ŠŠŠȱ™Ž•˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŒ˜–˜ȱ ž–ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱšžŽȱ’—Œ•žÇŠȱŠȱ™›ŽœŒ›’³¨˜ȱŽȱŸ¤›’˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱŽȱ›’žŠ’œȱǻşDZşȬŗŖDzȱȃœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱœŽ–™›Žȱ ›Ž™Ž’˜œȄȱ ǽŗŖDZŗǾǰȱ ˜Ž›ŽŒ’˜œȱ ȃŠȱ ŒŠŠȱ ’ŠȄǰȱ ȃŒ˜–ȱ ›Žšž¹—Œ’Šȱ ˜œȱ –Žœ–˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱ ǽŗŖDZŗŗǾǼǯȱ •·–ȱ˜ȱYom Kippur,ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ–Ž—Œ’˜—Šȱ˜œȱ›’žŠ’œȱŽȱ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱǻşDZŗŖǰȱŗŚǰȱŘŘǼǰȱ˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ’¤›’˜œȱǻŝDZŘŝǼȱŽȱŠȱŒŽ›’–â—’ŠȱŽȱ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱǻşDZŗŞȬŘŖǼȱŽȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱǻşDZŘŗǼǯȱžŽȱ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱŽœ¤ȱŠ•Š—˜ǰȱŽȱ–Š—Ž’›ŠȱŽ—·›’ŒŠǰȱŽȱ’ŸŽ›œ˜œȱ›’žŠ’œȱ˜ȱŒž•˜ȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³Šȱ™˜Žȱ œŽ›ȱ ˜‹œŽ›ŸŠ˜ȱ —˜ȱ žœ˜ȱ Šœȱ Ž¡™›ŽœœäŽœȱ ȃ˜—œȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱ ǻç›˜—ȱ ”ŠÇȱ ‘¢œÇŠDzȱ şDZşǼȱ Žȱ ȃŒ˜–’Šȱ Žȱ ‹Ž‹’Šœȱ Žȱ ’Ž›Ž—Žœȱ Š‹•ž³äŽœȄȱ ǻ‹›ç–Šȱ ”ŠÇȱ ™à–Šȱ ”ŠÇȱ ’¤™‘˜›˜œȱ ‹Š™’œ–àœDzȱ şDZŗŖǼǯȱ ȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ȃ˜—œȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱ ·ȱ ž–Šȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ Ž—·›’ŒŠȱ ¥ȱ Š’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ ǻ ‹ȱ śDZŗDzȱ ŞDZřDzȱ şDZşǼȱŽȱžœŠȱžŠœȱ™Š•ŠŸ›Šœȱǻç›˜—ȱe thysíaǼȱšžŽǰȱ—ŠȱǰȱŽœ’—Š–ȱ’ŸŽ›œ˜œȱ’™˜œȱŽȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Žȱ ˜Ž›Šœǰȱ Ž–ȱ ’ŸŽ›œ˜œȱ ’™˜œȱ Žȱ ›’žŠ’œǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ ™Š›Žœȱ Žȱ Ž›–˜œȱ œ’—â—’–˜œȱ ˜žȱ ’—Ž›ŒŠ–‹’¤ŸŽ’œDZȱ›Š—œ›Žœœ¨˜ȱŽȱŽœ˜‹Ž’¹—Œ’ŠȱǻŘDZŘǼǰȱ•à›’ŠȱŽȱ‘˜—›ŠȱǻŘDZşǼǰȱ›Š³ŠȱŽȱ–’œŽ›’Œà›’Šȱ ǻŚDZŗŜǼǰȱ ˜›Š³äŽœȱ Žȱ œø™•’ŒŠœȱ ǻśDZŝǼǰȱ Žȱ ꐞ›Šȱ Žȱ œ˜–‹›Šȱ ǻŞDZśǼǰȱ Žǰȱ ™›˜ŸŠŸŽ•–Ž—Žǰȱ ŽœœŽȱ ·ȱ ˜ȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ȃ˜—œȱŽȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŖŗǰȱ™ǯȱřŝŜDzȱ  ǰȱŘŖŗŘǰȱ™ǯȱřśśǼǯȱœŠ˜œȱ“ž—˜œǰȱŒ˜–˜ȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱȃ˜—œȱŽȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱž—Œ’˜—ŠȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–Šȱà›–ž•Šǰȱž–ŠȱŽœ’—Š³¨˜ȱŽ—·›’ŒŠȱ™Š›Šȱ ˜˜œȱ ˜œȱ ’™˜œȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŖŖDzȱ Œǯȱ  ǰȱ ŗşŞŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŖDzȱ  ǰȱ ŗşśŘȬŗşśřǰȱ Ÿǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŝDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşŘŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŜŘDzȱ   ǰȱ ŗşŞşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚřDzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŖǰȱ ™ǯȱ Şşǰȱ —ǯȱ ŜDzȱ    ǰȱ ŗşşřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŝŚDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞśǼǯȱ ˜›ȱ œžŠȱ ŸŽ£ǰȱ Šȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ¨˜ȱ ȃŒ˜–’ŠœȱŽȱ‹Ž‹’ŠœȄȱǻ ‹ȱşDZŗŖǼȱ›ŽŽ›ŽȬœŽȱŠȱ˜ŠœȱŠœȱ˜Ž›ŠœȱŽȱ›’žŠ’œȱšžŽȱŽ—Ÿ˜•Ÿ’Š–ȱŠ•’–Ž—˜œǰȱ ‹Ž‹’ŠœȱŽȱ›ŽŽ’³äŽœȱŒž•žŠ’œȱǻŸȱŘDZŗȬŗśDzȱŘřDZŗřDzȱ¡ȱŘşDZŚŖȬŚŗDzȱŸȱŝDZŗśDzȱ¡ȱŗŘǼǯȱœȱȃ’ŸŽ›œŠœȱŠ‹•ž³äŽœȄȱǻ ‹ȱşDZŗŖǼȱœ¨˜ȱ™›¤’ŒŠœȱšžŽȱŠŒ˜–™Š—‘ŠŸŠ–ȱ˜œȱȃ˜—œȱŽȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱǻ   ǰȱŗşŞŚǰȱ™ǯȱ ŗŝřǼǯȱȱ ™Š•ŠŸ›Šȱ ȃ’ŸŽ›œŠœȄȱ ǻdiáforosǼȱ œ’—’ęŒŠȱ ȃ’Ž›Ž—ŽœȄȱ ǻ Dzȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŗşǼǰȱ Žȱ Ššž’ȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽȱ œŽ›ȱ ž–Šȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ Ž—·›’ŒŠȱ Š˜œȱ ›’˜œȱ Žȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž—Ÿ˜•Ÿ’Š–ȱ ‹Š—‘˜œȱ Žȱ •ŠŸŠŽ—œȱ˜ȱŒ˜›™˜ȱŽȱŠœȱ›˜ž™Šœȱǻ¡ȱŘşDZŚDzȱřŖDZŗŝȬŘŗDzȱŚŖDZŗŘDzȱŸȱŞDZŜDzȱŗŗDZŚŖDzȱŗŚDZŞǰȱşDzȱŗśDZśȬŗŗǰȱŗřǰȱŗŜǰȱ Řŗǰȱ ŘŘǰȱ ŘŝDzȱ ŗŜDZŚǰȱ ŘŚǰȱ ŘŜǰȱ ŘŞDzȱ ŗŝDZŗśDzȱ –ȱ ŗşDZŝǰȱ Şǰȱ ŗşDzȱ ȱ ŘřDZŗŗǼǯȱ ˜ȱ ™›’–Ž’›˜ȱ œ·Œž•˜ǰȱ Šœȱ Š‹•ž³äŽœȱ ›’žŠ’œȱ “¤ȱ ‘ŠŸ’Š–ȱ œŽȱ –ž•’™•’ŒŠ˜ȱ Žȱ Ššž’›’˜ȱ ’–™˜›¦—Œ’Šȱ ǻŒȱ ŗDZŘřǼǯȱœœ’–ǰȱ ·ȱ ™›˜Ÿ¤ŸŽ•ȱ šžŽȱ Šœȱȃ’ŸŽ›œŠœȱŠ‹•ž³äŽœȄȱŽœŽ“Š–ȱŠ•Š—˜ȱŽȱ˜˜ȱ˜œȱ›’žŠ’œȱŽȱ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱŽ–ȱ¤žŠǰȱŽȱ–Š—Ž’›Šȱ Ž›Š•ȱǻ   ǰȱŗşŞŚǰȱ™ǯȱŗŝřȬŗŝŚǼǯȱ œœ˜ȱ˜›—ŠȱŠœȱȃŠ‹•ž³äŽœȄȱ¨˜ȱŽ—·›’ŒŠœȱšžŠ—˜ȱ˜œȱȃ˜—œȱŽȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȄȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šǯȱ œœŠœȱ Ž¡™›ŽœœäŽœǰȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ ˜–ŠŠœȱ Ž–ȱ Œ˜—“ž—˜ǰȱ ›ŽŸŽ•Š–ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ Š•Š—˜ȱ Žȱ –Š—Ž’›Šȱ Š–™•Šȱ Šœȱ ™›¤’ŒŠœȱ ›’žŠ•Çœ’ŒŠœȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š’œȱ ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—ŠŠœȱ ¥ȱ ›Ž•’’¨˜ȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šǰȱ Žǰȱ —ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ǰȱ œ¨˜ȱ Œ‘Š–ŠŠœȱ Žȱ ȃœ’œŽ–ŠȄǯ ŗŝ 828 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 3 O Yom Kippur, em Hb 9:24-25, localiza a expiação no céu ¤ǰȱ’—ŽŠŸŽ•–Ž—ŽǰȱŽ•Ž–Ž—˜œȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š’œȱ’™˜•à’Œ˜œȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱšžŽȱœ¨˜ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š˜œȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ Œž–™›’˜œȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£ȱ ǻŒǯȱ ŝDZŘŝDzȱ ŗŖDZŗǰȱ Śǰȱ ŗŗȬŗŘǼǯȱ Žž—˜ȱ ˜‘—œœ˜—ȱ ǻŘŖŗŜŠǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘřǼǰȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜˜œȱ ˜œȱ ›’žŠ’œȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ȯȱ œŽ“Š–ȱ ’¤›’˜œȱ ˜žȱ Š—žŠ’œǰȱ ™ø‹•’Œ˜œȱ ˜žȱ ™›’ŸŠ˜œȱ ȯȱ Š™˜—ŠŸŠ–ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ Œ›ž£ȱ Žȱ Ž—Œ˜—›Š›Š–ȱ ˜ȱ Œž–™›’–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ œŽžȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ —Šȱ –˜›Žȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǯȱ ˜›·–ǰȱ Œ˜—˜›–Žȱ ™›˜™äŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜ž›˜œȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜œȱ ŽœŽœȱ ›’žŠ’œȱ encontraram seu cumprimento no ministério sacerdotal de Cristo, após a Œ›ž£ǰȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ œœ’–ǰȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur teria um cumprimento ’—’Œ’Š•ȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£ǰȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—Žȱ ˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŽžȱ Šœ™ŽŒ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ǰȱ –Šœȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ œŽ›’Šȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǰȱ —Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯŗŞ —Š’£Š—˜ȱŠȱ›Ž™Ž’³¨˜ȱŠ—žŠ•ȱ˜ȱYom Kippurǰȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȱŽȱŘśȱ˜ŒŠ•’£ŠȱŽœ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—ŽȱŠȱ›Ž™Ž’³¨˜ȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŽ››Žœ›ŽǰȱŽ–ȱŒ˜—›ŠœŽȱŒ˜–ȱ ŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱø—’ŒŠȱŽȱ Žœžœȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱȱŠž˜Ȭ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱŽ–ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱŽ•Ž–Ž—˜ȱŽœœŽ—Œ’Š•ȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ•Žȱœ˜›Žžȱȃ˜›Šȱ Šȱ ™˜›ŠȄȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŗřDZŗŘǼǰȱ ˜žȱ œŽ“Šǰȱ œžŠȱ Œ›žŒ’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜’ȱ ž–ȱ ŽŸŽ—˜ȱ Ž››Ž—˜ȱ šžŽȱ •‘Žȱ ™Ž›–’’žȱ Ž—›Š›ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ řśǼǯ O verbo entrar (eisérchomaiǼȱ ·ȱ žœŠ˜ȱ žŠœȱ ŸŽ£Žœȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ Žȱ Žœ¤ȱ ’–™•ÇŒ’˜ȱ žŠœȱ ŸŽ£ŽœDZȱ Žœžœȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž—›˜žȱ ǻeisérchomaiǼȱ —ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Ž’˜ȱ ™˜›ȱ ‘˜–Ž—œǰȱ –Šœȱ (entrou) —˜ȱ ™›à™›’˜ȱ Œ·žDzȱ —Ž–ȱ ǻŽ—›˜žǼȱ ™Š›Šȱ œŽȱ ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ›ȱ ›Ž™Ž’ŠœȱŸŽ£ŽœǰȱŒ˜–˜ȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȱœŠŒŽ›˜ŽȱŽ—›Šȱǻeisérchomai) a cada ano no Š—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Š•‘Ž’˜ǯ œœ’–ǰȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŽžȱ ™›à™›’˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Ȯȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ œžŠȱ –˜›Žȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£ȱ Ȯȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Œ’Šȱ šžŽȱ œžŠȱ ˜Ž›Šȱø—’ŒŠȱ˜’ȱœž™Ž›’˜›ǯȱȱŠ’Ÿ’ŠŽȱŽ¡™’Šà›’Šǰȱ™˜›Š—˜ǰȱŒ˜–Ž³Šȱ—ŠȱŽ››Šȱ Žȱ Ž›–’—Šȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǯȱ Žœšž’œŠ˜›Žœȱ šžŽȱ ŽŽ—Ž–ȱ ž–ȱ –˜Ž•˜ȱ Žȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ȱ Šȱ ˜™³¨˜ȱ –Ž˜˜•à’ŒŠȱ Šœœž–’Šȱ —ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ȱ ǻŸŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ à™’Œ˜ȱ ŗǼǰȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ Žȱ –Çœ’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ Š‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Ž¡’œŽ—Žȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ ™Ž—œŠ–Ž—˜ȱ ‘Ž•Ž—Çœ’Œ˜ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜ǰȱ ·ȱ Œ˜—œ’Ž›Š˜ȱ ž–ȱ ’–™˜›Š—Žȱ ™Š—˜ȱ Žȱ ž—˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›àŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š’œȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ řśŖǼǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ —¨˜ȱ ›ŽĚŽŽȱ ˜ȱ ’ŽŠ•’œ–˜ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Š•Š›ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ –Šœȱ Œ˜–™Š›’•‘Šȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ ȃŽ–™•˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’Œ˜ȱ ˜ȱ “žŠÇœ–˜ȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’Œ˜ǰȱ ˜ȱ Ž–™•˜ȱ šžŽȱ Žœ¤ȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȄȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşśŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŞǰȱ tradução nossaǼǯȱ Žž—˜ȱ ’Œ‘Ž•ȱ ǻŗşŜŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞŞǰȱ tradução nossa), na cosmovisão ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ȃǽ˜Ǿœȱ Š›šž·’™˜œȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š’œȱ ¹–ȱ Ž¡’œ¹—Œ’Šȱ ›ŽŠ•Ȅǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ œŽȱ ›ŠŠȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ –ŽŠÇœ’ŒŠȱ ‘Ž•Ž—Çœ’ŒŠȱ —Ž–ȱ ž–Šȱ ŽœŸŠ•˜›’£Š³¨˜ȱ —àœ’ŒŠȱ ˜ȱ –ž—Š—˜ȱ ‘ž–Š—˜ȱ Šȱ ŠŸ˜›ȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ŠžŽ—’Œ’ŠŽȱ Žœ™’›’žŠ•Ȅǯȱ ȱ ™›à™›’Šȱ ’Ž’Šȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ Š‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ “¤ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ ȃž–Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ™³¨˜ȱ –Š’œȱ Œ˜—Œ›ŽŠȱ Žȱ ȁ›ŽŠ•’œŠȂȱ ˜ȱ Œ·žȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ŠšžŽ•Šȱ šžŽȱ –ž’˜œȱ Žœž’˜œ˜œȱ ›Š£Ž–ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜Ȅȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ śŞŗǰȱ tradução nossaDzȱ Œǯȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŝŗǼǯȱ ˜–˜ȱ Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ™Š›Žȱ Šœȱȃ›ŽŠ•’ŠŽœȱŒŽ•ŽœŽœȄȱǻşDZŘřǼǰȱ˜ȱȃŸŽ›ŠŽ’›˜ȄȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱǻŞDZŘǼǯȱȱ’Ž›Ž—³ŠȱŽ—›Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ ˜œȱ Ž¡˜œȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’Œ˜œȱ œŽ›’Šȱ ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ Žœžœȱ ·ȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žǰȱ —¨˜ȱ ˜œȱ Š—“˜œǯȱ ˜›Š—˜ǰȱ —Šȱ ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŠȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŽŸŽȱœŽ›ȱ¨˜ȱ›ŽŠ•ȱŒ˜–˜ȱ˜’ȱ›ŽŠ•ȱŠȱŒ›ž£ȱ ˜—Žȱ Šȱ Šž˜Ȭ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Œ˜–Ž³˜žȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśşǼǯȱŸŠ•’Š›ȱ ˜Šœȱ Šœȱ ’–™•’ŒŠ³äŽœȱ ŽœœŠȱ Ÿ’œ¨˜ȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ Š•·–ȱ ˜œȱ ˜‹“Ž’Ÿ˜œȱ ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ǯ ŗŞ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 829 Ž’Šȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ ǻ—¨˜ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£Ǽȱ Š™˜—Š–ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ ’–™˜›¦—Œ’Šȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Š›ŠŸ·œȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽǰȱ –Šœȱ Ž•Žœȱ ™›ŽŽ›Ž–ȱ œŽȱ œ’•Ž—Œ’Š›ȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ Šȱ •’Ž›Š•’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š˜ȱ ™˜›ȱ ›’œ˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ ǰȱŘŖŖŝǰȱ™ǯȱŗśşǰȱŗŜŝǰȱŗŞŗȬŗŞŘDzȱǰȱŘŖŖřǰȱ™ǯȱŘśŜǼǯȱȱšžŽœ¨˜ȱ·ȱ šžŽǰȱ —Šȱ Ÿ’œ¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ •’Ž›Š•ȱ ˜žȱ —¨˜ǰȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ —˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ·ȱ Šȱ Œ˜—œž–Š³¨˜ȱ Šȱ œŽšž¹—Œ’Šȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ šžŽȱ Œ˜–Ž³˜žȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£ǰȱ –Šœȱ Œž“Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ ŠŒ˜—ŽŒŽȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŗŗȬŘŘŚDzȱ   Ȭ ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśȬřŜDzȱ   ǰȱ ŗşşŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖřŗȬŗŖřśǼǯ ˜ȱ ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽ›ȱ Šȱ ˜‹›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ ø—’Œ˜ȱ Žȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ ø—’ŒŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ Žȱ ŠŒ˜›˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ –˜Ž•˜ȱ ˜ȱ ›’–Ž’›˜ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱ —˜ȱ šžŠ•ȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Š•ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž›Šȱ ž–ȱ Š˜ȱ ’œ˜•Š˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Šȱ ŸÇ’–Šȱ —˜ȱ Š•Š›ǰȱ Žȱ —Ž–ȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Šȱ ŸÇ’–ŠȱŽ›Šȱž–ȱę–ȱŽ–ȱœ’ȱ–Žœ–˜ǰȱ–ŠœȱŽ›ŠȱœŽž’˜ȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŽžȱ œŠ—žŽǯȱ œȱ ˜’œȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜œȱ Ȯȱ –˜›Žȱ Žȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Ȯȱ œ¨˜ȱ ’—Ž›Ž™Ž—Ž—Žœǯ —¨˜ǰȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘśȱ Ž–ȱ ›Ž•Š³¨˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽǰȱ ™˜’œǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ —˜ȱ ŒŽ›’–˜—’Š•ȱ •ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ǰȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž›–’—Šȱ —˜ȱ Š‹ŠŽȱ da vítima, mas é seguida do ato sacerdotal de levar o sangue para o sanž¤›’˜ǯȱ Š’œȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—Žǰȱ ˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur é um ™›˜ŒŽœœ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž—•˜‹ŠȱŠȱ–˜›ŽȱŠȱŸÇ’–ŠȱŽȱŠȱŠ™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ˜ȱœŽžȱœŠ—žŽȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ǯȱŽœœŠȱ ˜›–Šǰȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ·ȱ Ÿ’œŠȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ ™›˜ŒŽœœ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž—Ÿ˜•ŸŽȱ œžŠȱ–˜›Žȱ—ŠȱŒ›ž£ǰȱœŽž’ŠȱŽȱœžŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱŽȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱŽœœŠȱ˜Ž›Šȱ—˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŞǼǯ ȱ˜Ž›ŠȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱŽȱ ŽœžœǰȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǰȱœŽȱŒ˜–™•ŽŠȱšžŠ—˜ȱŽ•ŽȱŽ—›Šȱ—Šȱ ™›ŽœŽ—³Šȱ Žȱ Žžœȱ ǻşDZŘŚǼǰȱ ž–Šȱ ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ œžŠȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ com seu próprio sangue, e onde ocorre o ato de oferecer [™›˜œ·›çǰȱ şDZŘśǾǼǯȱ •ž—œȱ ™Žœšž’œŠ˜›Žœȱ Ž—Ž—Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ ȃŒ˜–™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ ’Š—Žȱ Žȱ ŽžœȄȱ não Žœ¤ȱ ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—Š˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻ¡ȱ ŘřDZŗśǰȱ ŗŝDzȱ ȱ ŗŜDZŗŜǼǰȱ –Šœȱ œŽ›’Šȱ ž–Šȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ ¥ȱ ‹žœŒŠȱ Žȱ Š“žŠȱ ’Ÿ’—Šȱ ™˜›ȱ –Ž’˜ȱ Šȱ ˜›Š³¨˜ȱ ǻ•ȱ ŗŝDZŗśȱ ǽŗŜDZŗśȱ ǾDzȱ ŘŝDZŞȱ ǽŘŜDZŞȱ ǾDzȱ ŚŘDZŘȱ ǽŚŗDZřȱ ǾǼȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŗşŞşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŜřDzȱ  ǰȱ ŗşśŘȬŗşśřǰȱ Ÿǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŜŝȬŘŜŞDzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŖŝǰȱ ™ǯȱ şŞǼǯ ˜—ž˜ǰȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚǰȱ Œ˜–™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ ’Š—Žȱ Šȱ ŠŒŽȱ Žȱ Žžœȱ Ž–ȱ Šȱ ŸŽ›ȱ Œ˜–ȱ a entrada (eisérchomaiǼȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒ˜–ȱœŠ—žŽȱǻen haimatiDzȱşDZŘśDzȱŒǯȱşDZŘŘǼǰȱ Žȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ ǻ™›˜œ·›çȱ ǽşDZŘśǾǰȱ thysíaȱ ǽşDZŘŜǾDzȱ ™›˜œ·›çȱ ǽşDZŘŞǾǼǰȱ Ž–Šœȱ šžŽȱ ˜–’—Š–ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘśǰȱ —˜Šȱ ŗşşǼǯȱȱ ›Žœsurreiçãoŗşȱ Žȱ ŠœŒŽ—œ¨˜ȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Š£Ž–ȱ Šȱ Œ˜—Ž¡¨˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ Žȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǼǯ ȱ Šœȱ ™Žœšž’œŠœȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ‘¤ȱ ž–Šȱ Ž—¹—Œ’Šȱ Žȱ œž™›’–’›ȱ ˜ȱ ™Š™Ž•ȱ Šȱ ›Žœœž››Ž’³¨˜ǰȱ Œ˜•˜ŒŠ—˜ȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱŽȱ Žœžœȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–ȱŽŸŽ—˜ȱȃŽœ™’›’žŠ•Ȅȱ˜žȱ–ŽŠà›’Œ˜ǯȱ ˜ȱ Ž—Š—˜ǰȱ ŽœœŽȱ —¨˜ȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽȱ œŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ ˜‹›Žȱ Šȱ ’–™˜›¦—Œ’Šȱ Šȱ ›Žœœž››Ž’³¨˜ȱ —ŽœœŠȱ Š›ž–Ž—Š³¨˜ǰȱ ŸŽ›ȱ ˜ĜĴȱ ǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱ ŗş 830 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ —Šȱ Œ›ž£ȱ œŽ›’Šȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡™’Šà›’˜ǰȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›àŒ’˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱœŽ›’ŠȱŠȱŒ˜—’—žŠ³¨˜ȱ˜ȱ™›˜ŒŽ’–Ž—˜ȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱšžŽȱŒ˜–Ž³˜žȱ—ŠȱŒ›ž£ǯȱ ˜ĜĴȱ ǻŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŗŗȬŘŘŚǼȱ Ž–˜—œ›Šȱ šžŽǰȱ Š˜ȱ Œ˜—›¤›’˜ȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Šȱ –Š’˜›’Šȱ ˜œȱ ’—·›™›ŽŽœȱ Šœœž–Ž–ǰȱ Šœȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šœȱ Š˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ —Ž–ȱ œŽ–™›Žȱ œ¨˜ȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šœȱ Ž¡Œ•žœ’ŸŠœȱ ¥ȱ –˜›Žȱ Žȱ Žœžœǰȱ –Šœȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ¥ȱ œžŠȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ žŠ—˜ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŽœ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠȱ˜ȱ•žŠ›ȱ˜—Žȱ Žœžœȱ˜Ž›ŽŒŽȱœŽžȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ǰȱŽœœŠȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ œŽ–™›Žȱ ·ȱ •˜ŒŠ•’£ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǯȱ ¨˜ȱ œŽȱ ›ŠŠȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ –Ž¤˜›Šȱ ˜žȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ Žœ™’›’žŠ•’£Š³¨˜ǰȱ –Šœȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ŽœŒ›’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ŠœŒŽ—œ¨˜ȱ Œ˜›™˜›Š•ȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ ¥ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—³Šȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Žȱ Žžœȱ ǻ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ™›Žœœž™äŽȱ ž–Šȱ ›Žœœž››Ž’³¨˜ȱ Œ˜›™˜›Š•Ǽǰȱ˜—Žȱ Žœžœȱ™˜ŽȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š›ȱœžŠȱ˜Ž›Šȱ’Š—ŽȱŽȱŽžœȱǻœŽž—˜ȱ Šȱ ŽœŒ›’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ŽŸÇ’Œ˜Ǽȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŗśȬŘşŜǼ œœŠȱ œ’—ž•Š›ȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ ŽœžœŘŖȱ Žœ¤ȱ •’ŠŠǰȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘśǰȱ ¥ȱ apresentação de ›’œ˜ȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ˜—ŽȱŽ•ŽȱŽ—›˜žȱȃ™Š›ŠȱŒ˜–™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱǽŽ–Š—’£çǾǰȱ Š˜›Šǰȱ™˜›ȱ—àœǰȱ’Š—ŽȱŽȱŽžœȄDzȱşDZŘŚǼǯȱœœŠȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ·ȱ˜ȱ–Žœ–˜ȱŠŒ˜—ŽŒ’–Ž—˜ȱŽœŒ›’˜ȱŽ–ȱşDZŘŜȱǻȃœŽȱ–Š—’Žœ˜žȱǽ™›˜œ·›çǾȱž–ŠȱŸŽ£ȱ™˜›ȱ˜ŠœȄǼȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŜǼǯȱ ȱ Š™Š›’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŜȱ Žœ¤ȱ •’ŠŠȱ ¥ȱ œžŠȱ Š™Š›’³¨˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Žȱ Ÿǯȱ ŘŚȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’Š•–Ž—Žȱ ¥ȱ •ž£ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ Œž•žŠ•ǯȱ ȱ ŸŽ›œ˜ȱ ŘŞǰȱ Ž—¨˜ǰȱ ˜–Šȱ ŽœœŠȱ linguagemȱ Šȱ Š™Š›’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ Šȱ ž’•’£Šȱ —˜ȱ ™Š›¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜DZȱ ˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ Ž››Žœ›Žȱ Ž—›ŠŸŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Š£Ž›ȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ Ž™˜’œȱ œŠÇŠǯȱ ˜ȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱ Žȱ şDZŘŞǰȱ Žœžœȱ Ž—›˜žȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ǰȱ –Šœȱ Š’—Šȱ —¨˜ȱ œŠ’žǰȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™Š›Ž—Ž–Ž—Žȱ Ÿ’—Œž•ŠȱŽœœŠȱœŠÇŠȱ¥ȱœŽž—ŠȱŸ’—ŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ǯȱ˜˜ǰȱŠȱŠž˜Ȭ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŚȬŘśȱ·ȱ•˜ŒŠ•’£ŠŠȱ—˜ȱŒ·žǰȱ™˜’œȱŽ™Ž—ŽȱŽȱœžŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱŽȱŽȱœžŠȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŜǼǯŘŗ ‹ȱ şDZŘśȱ ŽŸ˜ŒŠȱ Šȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Š›ȱ ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Žȱ ˜Ž›Š›ȱ ǻ™›˜œ·›ç) com o ato de entrar todo ano com sangue (en haimati) —˜ȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ǯȱ•·–ȱŽȱŽ—›Š›ȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ǰȱ Žœžœȱ˜Ž›ŽŒŽžȱǽ™›˜œ·›çǾȱœŽžȱ ™›à™›’˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ǰȱ ž– ȃœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜Ȅȱ ǻ ‹ȱ şDZŘŜǼǰȱ Ž–ȱ ŸŽ£ȱŽȱȃœŠ—žŽȱŠ•‘Ž’˜ȄǰȱŒ˜–˜ȱŠ£’Š–ȱ˜œȱœž–˜œȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žœȱ•ŽŸÇ’Œ˜œǯȱšž’ǰȱ Šȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ ’–™•ÇŒ’Šǰȱ –Šœȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ ŗŘDZŘŚȱ ·ȱ ‹Ž–ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—Žǰȱ ™˜’œȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ·ȱ Œ‘Š–Š˜ȱ Žȱ ȃœŠ—žŽȱ Šȱ Šœ™Ž›œ¨˜Ȅȱ (haimati rhantismouǼǯŘŘȱœœŽȱž™•˜ȱœŽ—’˜ȱŽȱ™›˜œ·›ç,ȱ›ŽŽ›’—˜ȬœŽȱ¥ȱentrada e à aplicação do sangueȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Š–‹·–ȱ Žœ¤ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Žȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŝǯ ȱ™ŽœŠ›ȱ˜ȱŽ¡˜ȱ—¨˜ȱŠę›–Š›ȱ’œœ˜ǰȱŽœœŠȱ˜Ž›Šȱø—’ŒŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱ™˜ŽȱœŽ›ȱ™›Žœž–’ŠȱŽ–ȱşDZŘśȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŽž›Š—³Šȱ ™˜›ȱ ŒŠžœŠȱ ˜ȱ —ǝ’˜ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šœȱ –ø•’™•Šœȱ ˜Ž›Šœȱ ˜ȱ œ’œŽ–Šȱ •ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ǯȱ œœŠȱ ’Ž›Ž—Œ’Š³¨˜ȱ œàȱ Š£ȱ œŽ—’˜ȱ œŽȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ ˜›ȱ ø—’ŒŠǰȱ œ’—ž•Š›ǯ Řŗ ȱ¡’œŽ–ȱ›¹œȱŽ¡˜œȱšžŽȱŠ•Š–ȱŽœœŠȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱŽȱ Žœžœȱ—˜ȱŒ˜—Ž¡˜ȱŽȱşDZŘŚȬŘŞDZȱŗǼȱ—˜ȱŸǯȱ ŘŚǰȱ›’œ˜ȱŠ™Š›ŽŒŽȱǻŽ–Š—’£çǼȱ—Šȱ™›ŽœŽ—³ŠȱŽȱŽžœDzȱŘǼȱ—˜ȱŸǯȱŘŜǰȱ›’œ˜ȱȃœŽȱ–Š—’Žœ˜žȱǽŠ—Ž›àçǾȱ ž–ŠȱŸŽ£ȱ™˜›ȱ˜Šœǰȱ™Š›ŠȱŠ—’šž’•Š›ǰȱ™Ž•˜ȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱŽȱœ’ȱ–Žœ–˜ǰȱ˜ȱ™ŽŒŠ˜ȄDzȱřǼȱ—˜ȱŸǯȱŘŞǰȱ›’œ˜ȱ ȃŠ™Š›ŽŒŽ›¤ȱ ǽ‘˜›¤çǾȱ œŽž—Šȱ ŸŽ£Ȅǰȱ ž–Šȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ ¥ȱ œžŠȱ œŽž—Šȱ Ÿ’—Šǯ ŘŘ ȱ ȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȦŠ™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ·ȱ ’—’œŒž’ŸŽ•–Ž—Žȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—ŠŠȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ˜›ȱ’œœ˜ǰȱ’‹‹Ž—œȱœžŽ›ŽȱšžŽǰȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ‘¤ȱž–ŠȱŒ˜››Žœ™˜—¹—Œ’Šȱ ŽȱŒž•˜œǰȱŠ•·–ȱŽȱž–ŠȱŒ˜››Žœ™˜—¹—Œ’ŠȱŽȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜œDZȱ›’œ˜ȱŽ—›Šȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŒ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽǰȱŠ™›ŽœŽ—ŠȬ˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱ˜Ž›Ž—ŠȱŽȱ˜ȱŠœ™Ž›Žȱ—˜ȱ™›˜™’Œ’Šà›’˜ȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŗŜǰȱ™ǯȱŗřŗȬŗřŘǼǯ ŘŖ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 831 Šȱǰȱ™›˜œ·›çȱŠ–‹·–ȱŽœ¤ȱŽœ›Ž’Š–Ž—Žȱ›Ž•ŠŒ’˜—Š˜ȱ¥œȱžŠœȱ’–Ž—œäŽœȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ˜Ž›ŠDZȱ Š—˜ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ Šȱ ŸÇ’–Šȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ Šȱ –Š—’™ž•Š³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ǯŘřȱ ȱ Š‹ŠŽȱ Šȱ ŸÇ’–Šȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ ·ȱ ’–™˜›Š—Žǰȱ –Šœȱ ˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Žȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ·ǯŘŚȱ ˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ǰȱ Ž›Š•–Ž—Žǰȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ˜ȱŠ—’–Š•ȱœŽ–ȱŠȱŠ™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ˜ȱœŠ—žŽȱ—¨˜ȱ·ȱŒŠ™Š£ȱŽȱŠ£Ž›ȱŽ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘşřǼǯŘś Š—Ž—˜ȱŠȱŒ˜››Žœ™˜—¹—Œ’ŠȱŽ—›Žȱ˜ȱŠ‹Ž›—¤Œž•˜ȱŽ››Žœ›ŽȱŽȱœŽžȱŠ›šž·’™˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŞDZŘȬřDzȱ şDZŗŗȬŗŘǼǰȱ ·ȱ —Šž›Š•ȱ Œ˜—Œ•ž’›ǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ Š£ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ šžŽȱ ȃǽǯǯǯǾȱŽ–ȱŠ–‹˜œȱ˜œȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱǽŽ››Žœ›ŽȱŽȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•Ǿǰȱ˜ȱœŠ—žŽȱ·ȱ˜ȱŠŽ—ŽȱŠȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱǽǯǯǯǾȄȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŖśǰȱ™ǯȱŗŗŝǼǯȱœœ’–ǰȱ˜ȱŒ·žȱŠ–‹·–ȱŽŸŽȱœŽ›ȱŸ’œ˜ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ˜ȱ•žŠ›ȱŠȱ˜Ž›Šȱ˜ȱœŠ—žŽȱŽȱ Žœžœǰȱ˜—ŽȱŽ•ŽȱŠžŠȱŒ˜–˜ȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ Ž–ȱ œŽžȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Žȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ta hágiaȱ ǻœŠ—ž¤›’˜Ǽǯȱ ȱ•ž£ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ™Š›ŽŒŽȱœŽ›ȱ›ŽžŒ’˜—’œ–˜ȱ›Žœ›’—’›ȱŠȱ’™˜•˜’ŠȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ Žȱ›’žŠ•Çœ’ŒŠȱ¥ȱŒ›ž£ǰȱŽœŒ˜—œ’Ž›Š—˜ȱ˜ȱšžŽȱŠŒ˜—ŽŒŽȱŠ™àœȱŽ•Šǰȱ—˜ȱŒ·žǰȱ™˜’œDZȱ ŗǼȱ —˜œȱ Ž¡˜œȱ Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ œž“Ž’˜ȱ ·ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŘDZşȬŗŚDzȱ śDZŝȬŗŖDzȱ ŜDZŜDzȱ şDZŗśDzȱ ŗŘDZŘDzȱ ŗřDZŗŗȬŗřǼǰȱ ˜ȱ ŸŽ›‹˜ȱ ™›˜œ·›çȱ Žȱ œŽ–Ž•‘Š—Žœȱ —¨˜ȱ Š™Š›ŽŒŽ–ȱ ǻŽ¡ŒŽ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ ŗřDZŗŗǰȱ ˜—Žȱ ·ȱ žœŠ˜ȱ Ž’œ·›çǰȱ šžŽǰȱ Œ˜—ž˜ǰȱ œŽȱ ›ŽŽ›Žȱ ¥ȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ Š—’–Š’œǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ ¥ȱ –˜›Žȱ Žȱ ŽœžœǼDzȱ Žȱ ŘǼȱ ™›˜œ·›ç ŽœŒ›ŽŸŽȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸŽ—˜ȬŒ‘ŠŸŽǰȱ Ž–ȱ ŸŽ£ȱ Žȱ œžŠȱ –˜›Žȱ ǻ ‹ȱ şDZŝǰȱ ŘśǼȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşŜŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŜȬřŞŝǼǯ ȱ Ž—¹—Œ’Šȱ Žȱ Š•ž—œȱ Žœž’˜œ˜œȱ Žȱ ›Ž“Ž’Š›ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›Š£ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ Žœžœȱ Ž—›˜žȱ —ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ Œ˜–ȱ œŠ—žŽǰȱ ˜žȱ Šœȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³äŽœȱ –ŽŠà›’ŒŠœȱ ŽœœŽȱ ŽŸŽ—˜ǰȱ œŽȱ ŽŸŽȱ –Š’œȱ ¥œȱ —˜³äŽœȱ Ž—Ÿ’ŽœŠŠœȱ Žȱ ž–ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ™•Šâ—’Œ˜ȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ¥ȱ Š—¤•’œŽȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ Ž—›˜ȱ Žȱ œžŠȱ –˜•ž›Šȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’žŠ•ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŖǼǯȱ ˜›Š—˜ǰȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom KippurȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘśȱ’—’ŒŠȱšžŽǰȱ™Š›Šȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǰȱŠȱ˜Ž›ŠȱŽȱ›’œto é um processo šžŽȱ ’—Œ•ž’ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ Šȱ ŸÇ’–Šǰȱ Šȱ Ž—›ŠŠȱ Žȱ Šȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŘDzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŘŚDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśśǼǯ 4 O Yom Kippur traz a escatologia à tona ȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŠ˜ȱYom Kippur,ȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘśǰȱŠ£ȱŽ–Ž›’›ȱŽ•Ž–Ž—˜œȱŽœŒŠ˜•à’Œ˜œǰȱ Š–‹·–ȱ™›ŽœŽ—Žœȱ—Šœȱ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’ŠœȱŠ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ—Šȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŠȱŠ™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ“žŠ’ŒŠǯȱȱYom KippurȱŽ›ŠȱŽ—Ž—’˜ȱȃŒ˜–˜ȱž–ŠȱŠ—ŽŒ’™Š³¨˜ȱ›’žŠ•ȱ Šȱ ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠȱ ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ȱ Šȱ Œ›’Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ŽžœȄȱ ǻȱ ǰȱ ȱ˜–˜ȱŠę›–ŠȱŠ››ŽĴǰȱ—ŠȱŒ›ž£ȱȃǽŠǾȱ›ŽŽ—³¨˜ȱŽŽ›—Šȱ“¤ȱ˜’ȱ˜›“ŠŠȱǽǯǯǯǾǰȱ–ŠœȱŠžŠ›ŠȱŒ˜–™•ŽŠȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ Žȱ Œž–™›’–Ž—˜Ȅȱ ǻŗşśŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŜDzȱ Œǯȱ ™ǯȱ řŜśǰȱ řŞŚǼǯ ŘŚ ȱ Š›Šȱ ’œǰȱ Šȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ ȃ·ȱ ˜ȱ ™Šœœ˜ȱ mais importanteȄȱ ǻŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśŞǰȱ grifo nossoǼǯ Řś ȱ Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Š³¨˜ȱ ™Š—˜›¦–’ŒŠȱ ŽœœŠȱ •’—‘Šȱ Žȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ȱ Žȱ œŽžœȱ ™›’—Œ’™Š’œȱ ™›˜™˜—Ž—Žœǰȱ ŸŽ›ȱ Š•‘Ž’›˜œȱ ǻŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŝřȬŗŖřǼǯ Řř 832 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ŘŖŖřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŞşDzȱ Œǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŝǰȱ Śŗǰȱ ŝŞǰȱ ŞŗȬŞŘǰȱ şŖǰȱ şśǰȱ ŗşŜǰȱ ŘŘŜǰȱ řŘşȬřřŖǼǯȱ ȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›Š£ȱ ¥ȱ ˜—Šȱ Šȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•˜’Šȱ Ÿ’—Œž•ŠŠȱ ¥ȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–DZȱ ȃagora, porém, ao se cumprirem os tempos [synteleia tçn aiçniçnǾǰȱ œŽȱ –Š—’Žœ˜žȱ ž–Šȱ ŸŽ£ȱ ™˜›ȱ ˜Šœǰȱ ™Š›Šȱ Š—’šž’•Š›ȱ [Š‘Ž¾œ’œǾǰȱ ™Ž•˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜ǰȱ ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜Ȅȱ ǻ ‹ȱ şDZŘŜǼǯȱ –ȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ ™Š•ŠŸ›Šœǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Š™›ŽœŽ—Šȱ Žœžœȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ —˜ȱ Ž–™˜ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Žǰȱ Žǰȱ —o Novo ŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǰȱŠȱ•˜Œž³¨˜ȱȃsynteleia tçn aiçniçnȄȱ·ȱŽŸ’Ž—Ž–Ž—ŽȱŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠȱ ǻȱ ŗřDZřşǰȱ ŚŖǰȱ ŚşDzȱ ŘŚDZřDzȱ ŘŞDZŘŖǼǯ ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ’–Ž’Š˜ȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘśȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ŽŸ˜ŒŠȱ uma cena de juízoȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŜǰȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ œž‹œŠ—’Ÿ˜ȱ Š‘Ž¾œ’œǰȱ ž–ȱ ȃŽ›–˜ȱ ·Œ—’Œ˜ȱ •ŽŠ•Ȅȱ ǻ    ǰȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřDzȱ ‹ȱ ŝDZŗŞǼǯȱ 1ȱ ŽŒ•Š›Š˜ȱ šžŽȱ Žœžœȱ œŽȱ –Š—’Žœ˜žȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ŸŽ£ȱ ™˜›ȱ ˜Šœȱ —Šȱ Œ˜—œž–Š³¨˜ȱ ˜œȱ œ·Œž•˜œȱ ™Š›ŠȱŠ—ž•Š›ȱ˜ȱ™ŽŒŠ˜ǯȱ˜›ȱŸ˜•Šȱ˜ȱ™›’–Ž’›˜ȱœ·Œž•˜ǰȱ˜ȱ“žÇ£˜ȱŽ›Šȱž–ŠȱŽ–Šȱ šžŽȱ Š£’Šȱ ™Š›Žȱ ˜ȱ ’–Š’—¤›’˜ȱ “žŠ’Œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ˜›—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, šžŽ era Ž—Ž—’˜ǰȱ —Šȱ •’Ž›Šž›Šȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ›Š‹Ç—’ŒŠǰȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ž–ȱ ’Šȱ Žȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ Žȱ Žȱ ›Ž–˜³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ǰȱ ž–Šȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠȱ ǻȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖřǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŜǰȱ śŘǰȱ śŝǰȱ ŞŖȬŞřǰȱ ŞŝȬŞŞǰȱ şŗǰȱ şŚǰȱ ŗŘŗȬŗŘŚǰȱ ŗŚŖǼǯȱ ˜›ȱŽ¡Ž–™•˜ǰȱž–ŠȱŒŽ—ŠȱŽȱ“žÇ£˜ǰȱŽ–ȱ1EnoqueȱŗŖǰȱ›Š£ȱž–Šȱꐞ›ŠȱŽ–˜—ÇŠŒŠȱ Œ‘Š–ŠŠȱ£Š£Ž•ȱ šžŽȱ ·ȱ ™›ŽœŠȱ —˜ȱ ŽœŽ›˜ȱ ǻ˜ȱ šžŽȱ ›Ž–ŽŽȱ Š˜ȱ ‹˜Žȱ ™Š›Šȱ £Š£Ž•ǰȱ šžŽȱ Ž›Šȱ •ŽŸŠ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ŽœŽ›˜ȱ —˜ȱ Yom Kippur, Žȱ ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱ ŗŜǼǰȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ ’£ȱ šžŽȱ ȃ˜Šȱ Šȱ Ž››Šȱ ˜’ȱ Œ˜››˜–™’Šȱ Š›ŠŸ·œȱ Šœȱ ˜‹›Šœȱ šžŽȱ ˜›Š–ȱ Ž—œ’—ŠŠœȱ ™˜›ȱ £Š£Ž•DZȱ Šȱ Ž•Žȱ Š›’‹žŽ–ȱ ˜˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜Ȅǯȱ ¤ȱ ž–Šȱ ŒŽ—Šȱ Žȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ —˜ȱ Testamento de Moisésȱ ŗŖDZŗȬŞǰȱ Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ Š—“˜œȱ •ŽŸŠ–ȱ ’—ŒŽ—œ˜ȱ ǻž–Šȱ Š³¨˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Š•Ǽȱ Žȱ Žžœȱ œŠ’ȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ȃŒ˜–ȱ ’—’—Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ’›ŠȄȱ ™Š›Šȱ™ž—’›ȱ˜œȱǖ™’˜œȱŽȱ›Š£Ž›ȱŽ•’Œ’ŠŽȱŠȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱž–Šȱ™˜œœÇŸŽ•ȱ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šȱ¥ȱ œŠÇŠȱ˜ȱœž–˜ȱœŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŠ˜ȱꗊ•ȱ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ǯȱȱYom Kippur ·ȱ Ÿ’—Œž•Š˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Š—˜ȱ “ž‹’•Žžȱ Žȱ Š˜ȱ “ž•Š–Ž—˜ȱ Žȱ Ž•’Š•ǰȱ —˜œȱ ŽœŒ›’˜œȱ de Qumran (11QMelqǼȱǻ  ǰȱŘŖŖśǼǯȱȱTosefta, Rosh HaShanahȱŗDZŗŘȱǻŒǯȱœ·Œǯȱ Ǽȱ Šę›–ŠDZȱ ȃ˜’œȱ —˜ȱ ’Šȱ Žȱ Š—˜ȱ —˜Ÿ˜ȱ ǽRosh HaShanahǾȱ ˜˜œȱ ˜œȱ ‘˜–Ž—œȱ œ¨˜ȱ “ž•Š˜œǰȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ ŽŒ›Ž˜ȱ ·ȱ œŽ•Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ Yom Kippurǯȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ “ž•Š–Ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ ‘˜–Ž–ȱ ·ȱ œŽ•Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ Yom KippurȄǯŘŜ ŽœœŽȱŒ˜—Ž¡˜ȱŽȱ“žÇ£˜ȱ˜ȱYom ’™™ž›ǰȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǰȱŠȱ›Ž–˜³¨˜ȱǻŠ‘Ž¾œ’œ) ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ȱ —¨˜ȱ œŽȱ ›ŽŽ›Žȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ Š˜ȱ ŒŠœ’˜ȱ ™Ž•˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ǰȱ –Šœȱ ’—Œ•ž’ȱ Šȱ ›Ž–˜³¨˜ȱ –Žœœ’¦—’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠȱ ˜ȱ ™›à™›’˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ǰȱ ž–Šȱ ›ŽŽ—³¨˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠǰȱ “¤ȱ ŽœŠŒŠŠȱ —Šœȱ ›Š’³äŽœȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠœŘŝȱ ǻŗŽȱ ŗDZŘŖDzȱ ŗ ˜ȱ řDZśǼǯȱ œœŠȱ —˜³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ›Ž–˜³¨˜ȱ ˜ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ȱ Žœ¤ȱ Žȱ ŠŒ˜›˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ œŽ—’˜ȱ •ŽŠ•ȱ Žȱ Š‘Ž¾œ’œȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŘŗǼǯ ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ ‘Ž‹›Š’Œ˜ȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ‘Ž‘ǁǯȱ ŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŗŝȱ Š‹›ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯȱ ǯȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡˜ȱ œ˜‹›Žȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ ˜ȱ žÇ£˜ȱ —Šȱ Enciclopédia Judaica, ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘŚœřǁǯȱ ŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŗŝȱ Š‹›ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ Řŝ ȱ ˜›ȱ Ž¡Ž–™•˜ǰȱ Testamento de Leviȱ ŗŞDZşDzȱ Œǯȱ 1Enoqueȱ ŜŘDZŝȬŞDzȱ Salmos de Salomãoȱ ŗŝDZŘŜǰȱ řŜǰȱ Śŗǯ ŘŜ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 833 ¤ȱ˜ž›Šȱ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’ŠȱŠ˜ȱ“žÇ£˜ȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŝDZȱȃǰȱŠœœ’–ȱŒ˜–˜ȱŠ˜œȱ‘˜–Ž—œȱŽœ¤ȱ ˜›Ž—Š˜ȱ–˜››Ž›Ž–ȱž–ŠȱœàȱŸŽ£ǰȱŸ’—˜ǰȱŽ™˜’œȱ’œ˜ǰȱ˜ȱ“žÇ£˜Ȅǯȱ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ˜ȱȃ“žÇ£˜ȱŽŽ›—˜Ȅȱ·ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Š˜ȱž–ŠȱŠœȱ˜ž›’—ŠœȱŒ›’œ¨œȱ‹¤œ’ŒŠœȱǻ ‹ȱŜDZŗǼǯȱ O livroȱœŽȱ›ŽŽ›ŽȱŠ’—ŠȱŠȱž–ȱžž›˜ȱ“ž•Š–Ž—˜ȱǻşDZŘŝDzȱŗŖDZřŖȬřŗDzȱŗŘDZŘśȬŘŝǼȱŽȱ Šę›–ŠȱšžŽȱŽžœȱ·ȱȃ ž’£ȱŽȱ˜˜œȄȱǻŗŘDZŘřǼȱŽȱšžŽȱ›ŽœŠȱŠ™Ž—ŠœȱȃŽ¡™ŽŒŠ³¨˜ȱ ‘˜››ÇŸŽ•ȱ Žȱ “žÇ£˜Ȅȱ ǻŗŖDZŘŝǼȱ Š˜œȱ šžŽȱ ™ŽŒŠ–ȱ Ž•’‹Ž›ŠŠ–Ž—Žǯȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ‘¤ȱ ›ŽŽ›¹—Œ’Šœȱ Žȱ Š•žœäŽœȱ Š˜ȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’Œ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ŘDZŘȬŚDzȱ ŚDZŗȬřDzȱ ŜDZŝȬŗŘDzȱ Žȱ ž–Šȱ ™›ŽœŠ³¨˜ȱ Žȱ Œ˜—Šœȱ Œ˜–ȱ Žžœȱ Žœ¤ȱ Š—ž—Œ’ŠŠȱ Ž–ȱ ŚDZŗŘȬŗřȱ Žȱ ŜDZŗŖǯ ˜›ȱę–ǰȱ ‹ȱşDZŘŞȱŠ•ŠȱŠœȱŒ˜—œŽšž¹—Œ’ŠœȱŠȱ™ž›’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ›Ž–ŽŽ—˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ꗊ•ȱ ˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ǰȱ šžŠ—˜ȱ ˜ȱ œž–˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Žȱ œŠÇŠȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ™Š›ŠȱŠ‹Ž—³˜Š›ȱ˜ȱ™˜Ÿ˜DZȱȃŠœœ’–ȱŠ–‹·–ȱ›’œ˜ǰȱŽ—˜ȬœŽȱ˜Ž›ŽŒ’˜ȱ ž–ŠȱŸŽ£ȱ™Š›ŠȱœŽ–™›Žȱ™Š›Šȱ’›Š›ȱ˜œȱ™ŽŒŠ˜œȱŽȱ–ž’˜œǰȱŠ™Š›ŽŒŽ›¤ȱœŽž—Šȱ ŸŽ£ǰȱ œŽ–ȱ ™ŽŒŠ˜ǰȱ Š˜œȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ ŠžŠ›Š–ȱ ™Š›Šȱ Šȱ œŠ•ŸŠ³¨˜ȄǯŘŞȱ ŽœœŠȱ ˜›–Šǰȱ a alusão ao Yom Kippur Ž–ȱ şDZŘśȱ Š–‹·–ȱ ›Ž–ŽŽȱ Š˜ȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ Žȱ ¥ȱ ›ŽŽ—³¨˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’ŒŠȱ ǻŽ–ȱ şDZŘŜȬŘŞǼǯ śȱ ȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ œ’—·˜šžŽȱ Žȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ Hebreus usa o Yom Kippurȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ œ’—·˜šžŽȱ Ȯȱ ˜ȱ ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Š—Žȱ Žȱ ˜˜œȱ ˜œȱ ›’žŠ’œȱ Žȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗǼǰȱ ™˜›ȱ œŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ ȃœ¤‹Š˜ȱ˜œȱœ¤‹Š˜œȱǽsábbata sabbátçnǾȄȱǻŸȱŗŜDZřŗȱǼǰȱ˜ȱȃ–Š’˜›ȱŽœ’ŸŠ•Ȅǰȱ segundo Fílon,Řşȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ –Š’œȱ Š‹›Š—Ž—Žǰȱ Žȱ ŠŒ˜›˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ Š•–žȱ ‹Š‹’•â—’Œ˜ǯřŖ ȱ Žœ›Š·’Šȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ ™˜œœ’ŸŽ•–Ž—Žȱ ·ȱ žœŠ›ȱ ž–Šȱ œ’—·˜šžŽȱ ™Š›Šȱ Ž•Š‹˜›Š›ȱ uma Š–™•’ęŒŠ’˜,řŗȱ šžŽȱ Œ˜—œ’œŽȱ Ž–ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Š›ȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Žœ¤ȱ œŽ—˜ȱ ŽŽ—’˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Ž¡Ž–™•˜œȱ Œ˜—›¤›’˜œȱ –ž’˜ȱ –Ž—˜›Žœȱ ˜žȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜œȱ –Ž•‘˜›Žœȱ Ž¡Ž–™•˜œȱ Œ˜—›¤›’˜œȱ ȯȱ Ž–ȱ Š–‹˜œȱ ˜œȱ ŒŠœ˜œǰȱ ˜ȱ ›Žœž•Š˜ȱ ŽŸŽ›¤ȱ œŽ›ȱ Šȱ ȃŠ–™•’Š³¨˜Ȅȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ œŽȱ ŽŽ—Žȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŗŘȬŚŗřǰȱ —˜Šȱ ŘDzȱ   ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŗȬřŞŝǼǯ ˜›ȱ ŸŽ£Žœǰȱ —Šȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ ›ŽŒ˜Ȭ›˜–Š—Šǰȱ Šȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ȱ Ž›Šȱ Ž’Šȱ Šȱ ™Š›’›ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Š’Ÿ˜ȱ Ž—›Žȱ ž–Šȱ ™Žœœ˜Šȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ž›Šȱ ™Žœœ˜Šȱ Ž¡ŒŽ™Œ’˜—Š•ǰȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šȱ ’—ȱšž’ȱ ‘¤ȱ ž–Šȱ ›Ž™Ž—’—Šȱ –žŠ—³Šȱ Žȱ Ž–ŠDZȱ Šȱ ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ˜ȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ ꗊ•ǯȱ œœŠȱ œø‹’Šȱ –žŠ—³Šȱ˜Œ˜››ŽȱŠ–‹·–ȱŽ–ȱ ‹ȱŗŖDZŗşȬŘŚDZȱŠȱ’—Šžž›Š³¨˜ȱ˜ȱ—˜Ÿ˜ȱŽȱŸ’Ÿ˜ȱŒŠ–’—‘˜ȱǻŽ—”Š’—’£çDzȱ ŗŖDZŘŖǼȱ™Š›ŠȱŠȱŠŸŽ›¹—Œ’ŠȱŽȱšžŽȱ˜ȱ’Šȱ˜ȱ“žÇ£˜ȱŽœ¤ȱŒ‘ŽŠ—˜ǯȱŠȱ•’Ž›Šž›Šȱ™›˜·’ŒŠȱ‘Ž‹›Š’ŒŠǰȱ ˜ȱ ȃ’Šȱ ˜ȱ Ž—‘˜›Ȅȱ Ž›Šȱ ž–ȱ ’Šȱ Žȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ ǻ •ȱ ŘDZŗȬŘDzȱ–ȱ śDZŗŞDzȱ •ȱ řDZŘǼǰȱ –Šœȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ™˜Žȱ ŽœŠ›ȱ œŽȱ›ŽŽ›’—˜ȱœž’•–Ž—ŽȱŠ˜ȱYom KippurȱŽœŒŠ˜•à’Œ˜ȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŗŖǰȱ™ǯȱŘŚŗȬŘŚŘDzȱǰȱŘŖŗşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŚŝDzȱ  ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŞŞǯǼǯ Řş De specialibus legibusȱ ŘDZŗşŚDZȱ ȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ ‘Ž˜›ç—ȱ ¾—ȱ –ŽÇœ¾—ȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȄǯ řŖ ȱ ȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ ˜Šœȱ Šœȱ ›Š—œ›ŽœœäŽœȱ —Šȱ ˜›¤ǰȱ œŽȱ Š•ž·–ȱ œŽȱ Š››Ž™Ž—Žžȱ ˜žȱ —¨˜ȱ œŽȱ Š››Ž™Ž—Žžǰȱ ˜ȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱŽ¡™’ŠȄȱǻYomáȱŞś‹ǯŗŗǰȱŒǯȱŞś‹ǯŗŘǼǯȱ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱŽ–DZȱǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦřŖŝŗžǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ Řřȱ Š‹›ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ řŗ Sobre a Š–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ǰȱ ŸŽ›ȱ Šžœ‹Ž›ȱ ǻŗşşŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŞşȬŘŚŖǼȱ Žȱ Ž——Ž¢ȱ ǻŗşŞŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŝǰȱ ŘŗȬŘŘǰȱ śřǼǯ ŘŞ 834 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 Ž—³¨˜ȱ Žȱ –˜œ›Š›ȱ šžŽȱ ŠšžŽ•Šȱ ™Žœœ˜Šȱ ’—‘Šȱ Ÿ’›žŽœȱ Œ˜–™Š›¤ŸŽ’œǰȱ ˜žȱ Š·ȱ œž™Ž›’˜›Žœǰȱ ¥œȱ Šȱ ™Žœœ˜Šȱ ’–™˜›Š—Žǯȱ Žž—˜ȱ›’œàŽ•ŽœDZȱ ›Žœž•Šȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ˜ȱ Žȱ ‹Ž•˜ȱ œŽȱ œŽȱ –˜œ›Š›ȱ –Ž•‘˜›ȱ šžŽȱ ˜œȱ Ÿ’›ž˜œ˜œǯȱ ȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱ Ž—šžŠ›ŠȬœŽȱ •˜’ŒŠ–Ž—Žȱ —Šœȱ ˜›–Šœȱ Žȱ Ž•˜’˜ǰȱ ™˜’œȱ Œ˜—œ’œŽȱ Ž–ȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ Žȱ Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ ·ȱ ž–Šȱ Šœȱ Œ˜’œŠœȱ ‹Ž•Šœǯȱ Ž•˜ȱ šžŽǰȱ œŽȱ —¨˜ȱ ·ȱ ™˜œœÇŸŽ•ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Š›ȱ Š•ž·–ȱ Œ˜–ȱ ™Žœœ˜Šœȱ Žȱ ›Ž—˜–Žǰȱ ·ȱ ™Ž•˜ȱ –Ž—˜œȱ —ŽŒŽœœ¤›’˜ȱ Œ˜–™Š›¤Ȭ•˜ȱ Œ˜–ȱ Šœȱ ˜ž›Šœȱ ™Žœœ˜Šœǰȱ Ÿ’œ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ ›ŽŸŽ•Š›ȱ Šȱ Ÿ’›žŽȱ ǻ Xǰȱ ŗşşŞǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘşȬŗřŖǼǯ –ȱœž–ŠǰȱŠȱŠ–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ȱ™˜Ž›’ŠȱœŽ›ȱŽ•Š‹˜›ŠŠȱŠ£Ž—˜ȱŠšž’•˜ȱšžŽȱŽœ¤ȱœŽ—˜ȱ ŽŽ—’˜ȱ™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ–Š’˜›ȱŠ˜ȱŒ˜–™Š›¤Ȭ•˜ȱŠȱŽ¡Ž–™•˜œȱŒ˜—›¤›’˜œȱinferiores, ou Š£¹Ȭ•˜ȱ ™Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ Š’—Šȱ –Š’˜›ȱ Š˜ȱ –˜œ›Š›ȱ šžŽȱ é indubitavelmente superior Š˜ȱ –Ž•‘˜›ȱ Ž¡Ž–™•˜ȱ Œ˜—›¤›’˜ȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ ǻ Xǰȱ ŗşŝŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśŞǰȱ ŗŜśȬŗŜŜǰȱ ŗŜşȬŗŝŖDzȱ    ǰȱ ŗşŝŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŗŚDzȱ  ǰȱ ŗşŝŘǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŝŚǼǯ ˜ȱ ŒŠœ˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ ·ȱ Œ˜–™Š›ŠŠȱ Š˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ –Š’œȱ ’–™˜›Š—ŽȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱȮȱ˜ȱYom KippurǯȱȱŠ–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ȱ·ȱž’•’£ŠŠȱcomo Žœ›Š·’Šȱ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ—ŠȱŠ•žœ¨˜ȱŽȱşDZŘśȱŽȱŽ–ȱŗŖDZŗȬŚǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ›Žœž–Žȱ—˜ȱYom Kippur Šœȱ›ŠšžŽ£ŠœȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³Šȱǻœ’—·˜šžŽǼǰȱ›Š—œ˜›–Š—˜ȱ˜ȱ™˜—˜ȱ –¤¡’–˜ȱ˜ȱŒŽ›’–˜—’Š•ȱ•ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ȱ—ž–ȱ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Š—ŽȱŽȱœžŠȱ’—ŽęŒ’¹—Œ’ŠǯȱŽœœŠȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ’˜ǰȱŠȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱŽȱ ŽœžœȱꌊȱŠ’—Šȱ–Š’œȱŠ™Š›Ž—ŽȱšžŠ—˜ȱœžŠȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ œŽžȱ œŠŒŽ›àŒ’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š’œȱ œ¨˜ȱ Œ˜–™Š›Š˜œȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur Ž››Ž—˜ǯ Ž—˜ȱž–Šȱȃ™Š•ŠŸ›ŠȱŽȱŽ¡˜›Š³¨˜Ȅȱǻ ‹ȱŗřDZŘŘǼǰȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ˜ŠœȱŠœȱœŽ³äŽœȱ Ž¡™•’ŒŠ’ŸŠœȱȃœŽ›ŸŽ–ȱǽǯǯǯǾȱŠ˜ȱ™›˜™àœ’˜ȱŽ¡˜›Š’Ÿ˜ȱŽȱ˜ŠȱŠȱ˜‹›ŠȄȱǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ™ǯȱŗŘŘǼǯȱȱŽ¡™˜œ’³¨˜ȱŠȱœž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱŽȱ ŽœžœǰȱœŽžȱœŠŒŽ›àŒ’˜ȱŽȱœžŠȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱ ȃ˜Ž›ŽŒŽ–ȱ Šȱ –˜’ŸŠ³¨˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ ˜‹Ž’¹—Œ’Šȱ Š’ŸŠȱ Žȱ ™Ž›œŽŸŽ›Š—³Šȱ —Šȱ Œ˜››’Šȱ Š·ȱ Šȱ Œ’ŠŽȱ ŽŽ›—ŠȄȱ ǻ  ǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŘǼǯȱ œ™ŽŒ’ęŒŠ–Ž—Žǰȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Šo Yom Kippur, Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ ™›˜Ÿ¹ȱ ˜ȱ elemento ideal para ser comparado e contrastado com a superioridade Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǰȱ Žȱ ’œœ˜ȱ œŽ›Ÿ’›¤ȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ‹ŠœŽȱ ˜ȱ Ž—Œ˜›Š“Š–Ž—˜ȱ šžŽȱ œŽ›¤ȱ Š˜ȱ —˜ȱ ŒŠ™Çž•˜ȱ ŗŖǯ Conclusão O Yom Kippurȱ ·ȱ žœŠ˜ǰȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ ™Š›Šȱ Ž¡’‹’›ȱ Šȱ Ž‹’•’ŠŽȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šǰȱ Š™˜—Š›ȱ Šȱ —Šž›Ž£Šȱ ›Ž™Ž’’ŸŠȱ Žȱ ’—ŽęŒŠ£ȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ Ž–ȱ Ž›Š•ǯȱ –ȱ ŸŽ£ȱ Žȱ œŽ›ȱ ž–ȱ tipoȱ ˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž›’Šȱ œ’˜ȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ Žœžœǰȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ˜™Ž›Šȱ—˜ȱŽ¡˜ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–Šȱ™Ž›œ˜—’ęŒŠ³¨˜ȱŠœȱ’–™Ž›Ž’³äŽœȱ˜ȱŠ—’˜ȱ sistema levíticoǯȱ™àœȱ Šȱ Š—¤•’œŽȱ ˜ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ŽœŽȱ Š›’˜ȱ œžŽ›Žǰȱ Ž–ȱ Œ˜—Œ•žœ¨˜ǰȱ šžŽȱ ˜ Yom Kippur, mais importante rito do ŒŽ›’–˜—’Š•ȱ•ŽŸÇ’Œ˜ǰȱ·ȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ˜ȱ™Ž•Šȱ›Ž™Ž’³¨˜ȱŽȱ’—ŽęŒ’¹—Œ’Šǰȱœ’—Ž’£Š—˜ȱ Šœœ’–ȱ Šœȱ ›Š’•’ŠŽœȱ Šȱ Š—’Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ Žȱ Žȱ œŽžœȱ ›’žŠ’œǰȱ Žȱ Š–™•’ęŒŠ—˜ȱ Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›’ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 835 Curiosamente, esse ritual é criticado pelo autor de Hebreus pelos mesmos Šœ™ŽŒ˜œȱ—ŽŠ’Ÿ˜œȱšžŽȱŽ•ŽȱŠ™˜—Šȱ—ŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠDZȱǻŗǼȱŠȱ’—ŒŠ™ŠŒ’ŠŽȱŽȱ ›Š£Ž›ȱ ™Ž›Ž’³¨˜ȱ ǻŝDZŗŗǰȱ ŗşDzȱ şDZşDzȱ Œǯȱ ŗŖDZŗǼDzȱ ǻŘǼȱ ˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Žȱ œŽȱ Š™˜’Š›ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—žŽȱ Žȱ Š—’–Š’œȱ ǻşDZŗŘǰȱ ŗřǰȱ ŗşDzȱ Œǯȱ ŗŖDZŚǼDzȱ ǻřǼȱ Šȱ ›Ž™Ž’’Ÿ’ŠŽȱ ˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ǻŝDZŘŝDzȱ ŗŖDZŗŗDzȱŒǯȱşDZŘśDzȱŗŖDZŗǰȱřǼǯȱ Ž‹›ŽžœȱŠę›–ŠȱšžŽȱŠȱŠ—’ŠȱŠ•’Š—³ŠȱŒ˜—’—‘ŠȱȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ ˜Ž›Ž—ŠœȱŽȱœŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱœŽ–ȱŽęŒ¤Œ’Šȱ™Š›ŠȱŠ™Ž›Ž’³˜Š›ȱŠȱŒ˜—œŒ’¹—Œ’ŠȱŽȱšžŽ–ȱ ™›ŽœŠȱ ˜ȱ Œž•˜Ȅȱ ǻşDZşDzȱ grifo nossoǼDzȱ Žȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Š—’˜ȱ œ’œŽ–Šȱ Ž›Šȱ ȃincapazȱ ǽǯǯǯǾȱ Žȱ •ŽŸŠ›ȱ ¥ȱ ™Ž›Ž’³¨˜Ȅȱ ǻ ‹ȱ ŗŖDZŗDzȱ grifo nossoDzȱ Œǯȱ ŸŸǯȱ ŗȬŗŞǼǰȱ –Žœ–˜ȱ —˜œȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜œȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ ǻȃǽǯǯǯǾȱ œŽ–™›Žȱ ›Ž™Ž’˜œǰȱ ˜Ž›ŽŒ’˜œȱ œŽ–ȱ ę–ȱ a cada anoȄȱ ǽŗŖDZŗDzȱ grifo nossoǾǼǯ ȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur, Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśȱ Š–‹·–ȱ •˜ŒŠ•’£Šȱ Šȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǯȱ œœ˜ȱ Žœ¤ȱ Š•’—‘Š˜ȱ ¥œȱ Œ˜—Œ•žœäŽœȱ Žȱ ›ŽŒŽ—Žœȱ ™Žœšž’œŠœȱ šžŽȱ œžŽ›Ž–ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ›Š£ȱ ž–ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱ Žȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž—Š’£Šȱ Šȱ —ŽŒŽœœ’ŠŽȱ Žȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³¨˜ȱ˜ȱœŠ—žŽȱŠ™àœȱ˜ȱŠ‹ŠŽȱŠȱŸÇ’–ŠȱœŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ǯȱȱ·ȱ™˜›ȱ’œœ˜ȱšžŽȱ˜ȱ •’Ÿ›˜ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›ŠȱŠȱŽ—›ŠŠȱŽȱ›’œ˜ȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŒ˜–˜ȱž–ȱŽŸŽ—˜ȱ Œ›Ç’Œ˜ȱ —˜ȱ ™›˜ŒŽœœ˜ȱ Šȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ šžŽȱ Œ˜–Ž³Šȱ —Šȱ Ž››Šȱ Žȱ Œž•–’—Šȱ —˜ȱ Œ·žǯȱ ŽœœŽȱŠœ™ŽŒ˜ǰȱŠœȱž—³äŽœȱ˜ȱYom Kippur no argumento de Hebreus ainda Žœ™Ž›Š–ȱ™Ž•ŠȱŠŽ—³¨˜ȱŽȱ–Š’œȱ™Žœšž’œŠ˜›ŽœǰȱŠȱę–ȱŽȱŒ‘ŽŠ›ȱŠȱž–ŠȱŸ’œ¨˜ȱ ŒŠŠȱ ŸŽ£ȱ –Š’œȱ ŠŒž›ŠŠǯ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ Žȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśǰȱ Šȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippur também aponta para ž–ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ ŽœŒŠ˜•à’Œ˜ȱ Žȱ ™Š›Šȱ ž–ȱ “žÇ£˜ǯȱ œœŠȱ ™›Žęž›Š³¨˜ȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠǰȱ—˜ȱŽ—Š—˜ǰȱ™Š›ŽŒŽȱ—¨˜ȱœŽ›ȱ˜ȱ˜Œ˜ȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ȱŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ˜–˜ȱ Ž—ȱ £›Šȱ ǻŘŖŖřǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗşřǼȱ Š™˜—Šǰȱ ·ȱ Œ•Š›˜ȱ šžŽȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ ȃ—¨˜ȱ ™›ŽŽ—’Šȱ ˜›—ŽŒŽ›ȱ ž–Šȱ ’™˜•˜’Šȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŠȱ ˜ȱ Yom KippurȄǰȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ—›Š—˜ȬœŽȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’Š•–Ž—Žȱ ȃ—˜ȱ ›’žŠ•ȱ Žȱ œŠ—žŽȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ˜Šȱ Šȱ ŽœŠȄȱǻǰȱŘŖŖŜǰȱ™ǯȱśŘŞǼǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ·ȱ‹Ž–ȱȃœŽ•Ž’Ÿ˜ȱŽ–ȱœŽžȱžœ˜ȱ˜œȱ ›Žž•Š–Ž—˜œȱ ˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ǰȱ žœŠ—˜ȱ Š™Ž—Šœȱ ˜œȱ ’Ž—œȱ ŽœœŽ—Œ’Š’œȄȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ şŘǼǯ ȱ Š—¤•’œŽȱ Šȱ Žœ›Š·’Šȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ Šȱ ˜‹›Šȱ ›ŽŸŽ•Šȱ šžŽȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ȱ —¨˜ȱ šžŽ›ȱ Š—˜ȱ Ž—œ’—Š›ȱ Šȱ ’™˜•˜’Šȱ ˜œȱ ŽŠ•‘Žœȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippur, mas, por meio de Œ˜–™Š›Š³äŽœȱ Žȱ Žȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽœǰȱ šžŽ›ȱ ŠŽœŠ›ȱ Šȱ ™›ŽŽ–’—¹—Œ’Šȱ Šȱ ˜Ž›Šȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒŽ›àŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ Žœžœȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǰȱ Œ˜–ȱ ˜ȱ ™›˜™àœ’˜ȱ Žȱ Žœ’–ž•Š›ȱ ˜œȱ Žœ’—Š¤›’˜œȱ Šȱ –Ž—œŠŽ–ǯȱ Žǰȱ Ž–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǰȱ ‘˜žŸŽ›ȱ Š•ž–Šȱ ’™˜•˜’Šȱ no uso do simbolismo do Yom Kippur, é um instrumento para atingir um ˜‹“Ž’Ÿ˜ȱ ›Žà›’Œ˜ǰȱ œŽ—˜ȱ ž’•’£ŠŠȱ ™Š›Šȱ ›Ž˜›³Š›ȱ ŽœŽȱ ™˜—˜ȱ Ž¡˜›Š’Ÿ˜ǰȱ Žȱ —¨˜ȱ ž–ȱ ę–ȱ Ž–ȱ œ’ȱ –Žœ–˜ǯ Na leitura de Hebreus, é essencial procurar manter o Dia da Expiação o –Š’œȱ™›à¡’–˜ȱ™˜œœÇŸŽ•ȱŠȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŠȱ˜ȱŠž˜›ǰȱŒ˜—˜›–ŽȱŽ¡™˜œŠȱ—˜ȱŽ¡˜ǯȱ œȱ •Ž’ž›Šœȱ šžŽȱ Ž—¡Ž›Š–ȱ Š•žœäŽœȱ Š˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ šžŠ•šžŽ›ȱ •žŠ›ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ Šœȱ Ž—Š’ŸŠœȱ Žȱ Š£Ž›ȱ Š™•’ŒŠ³äŽœȱ ’™˜•à’ŒŠœȱ Ž—Ž›Š•’£ŠŠœȱ Ž–ȱ Ž¡˜œȱ ˜—Žȱ ˜œȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—˜œȱ ŽœœŽȱ ›’žŠ• não são evidentes podem distorcer ˜ȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ȱ ˜ȱ Šž˜›ǯ 836 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 –ȱ œÇ—ŽœŽǰȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Ž–™›ŽŠȱ Šȱ ’–ŠŽ–ȱ ˜ȱ Yom Kippurȱ Ž–ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ uma ’•žœ›Š³¨˜ȱ ’–™›Žœœ’˜—Š—Žȱ Šȱ ’—ŒŠ™ŠŒ’ŠŽȱ Šȱ ™›’–Ž’›Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šǰȱ šžŽǰȱ ™˜›ȱ Œ˜—›ŠœŽǰȱ ŽœŠŒŠȱ Šȱ ™›’–Š£’Šȱ Žȱ ŽęŒ¤Œ’Šȱ ˜ȱ œŠŒ›’ÇŒ’˜ȱ Žȱ ›’œ˜ȱ Žȱ Žȱ œžŠȱ —˜ŸŠȱ Š•’Š—³Šǯȱ ȱ ž˜ȱ ’œœ˜ȱ œŽ›ŸŽȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ™›Ž–’œœŠȱ Ž˜•à’ŒŠȱ Žȱ ›Žà›’ŒŠȱ ™Š›Šȱ Š–˜ŽœŠ›ȱ Žȱ Š—’–Š›ȱ ˜œȱ Œ›’œ¨˜œȱ Šȱ œŽȱ Š™›˜¡’–Š›Ž–ȱ Žȱ Ž—›Š›Ž–ȱ no œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ǻŗŖDZŗşȬŘŘǼǯȱ ȱ Š•žœ¨˜ȱ Š˜ȱ ’Šȱ Šȱ ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ‹ȱ şDZŘŚȬŘśȱ Š“žŠȱ Šȱ ŽœŒ•Š›ŽŒŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡˜ȱ ’–Ž’Š˜ǰȱ šžŽȱ Š•Šȱ Šȱ ›Š—œ’³¨˜ȱ ™Š›Šȱ ž–Šȱ Š•’Š—³Šȱ œž™Ž›’˜›ǰȱ Š–™•’Š—˜ȱ ˜ȱ ™˜Ž›ȱ ›Žà›’Œ˜ȱ ŽœœŽȱ Š›ž–Ž—˜ǯ Siglas ȱ ƽȱ•–Ž’Šȱ ŽŸ’œŠȱ ŽȱžŠ•’£ŠŠ ȱ ƽȱ•–Ž’Šȱ ŽŸ’œŠȱ Žȱ ˜››’’Š  ȱ ƽȱ ˜ŸŠȱ Ž›œ¨˜ȱ —Ž›—ŠŒ’˜—Š• ȱ ƽȱ ˜ŸŠȱ Ž›œ¨˜ȱ ›Š—œ˜›–Š˜›Š ȱ ƽȱ ˜ŸŠȱ•–Ž’ŠȱžŠ•’£ŠŠ Referências ǰȱǯȱ‘Žȱ˜œ–˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ ǰȱ’Œ‘Š›ȱet alȱǻœǼǯȱEpistle to the Hebrews and Christian Theologyǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ Ž›–Š—œǰȱ ŘŖŖşǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŘȬŗřşǯ  Xǯȱ›˜œŽȱœ¢•Žȱǻ‘Ž˜›’ŒȱřǼǯȱ —DZȱǰȱǯȱǯDzȱ ǰȱǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Ancient Literary Criticism:ȱ ‘Žȱ ›’—Œ’™Š•ȱ Ž¡œȱ ’—ȱ Ž ȱ ›Š—œ•Š’˜—œǯȱ ¡˜›DZȱ ¡˜›ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŝŘǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřŚȬŗŝŖǯ  Xǯȱ Retóricaǯȱ ’œ‹˜ŠDZȱ –™›Ž—œŠȱ ŠŒ’˜—Š•ȬŠœŠȱ Šȱ ˜ŽŠǰȱ ŗşşŞǯ   ǰȱ –Ž—Ž’ŠǼǯ ǯȱ ǯȱ The Epistle to the Hebrews.ȱ ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱ ˜››Žœœǰȱ ŗşŞşǯȱ ǻ Ž›- ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ The Mysticism of Hebrews:ȱ ¡™•˜›’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜•Žȱ ˜ȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ ™˜ŒŠ•¢™’Œȱ ¢œ’Œ’œ–ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ û‹’—Ž—DZȱ ˜‘›ȱ ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Žȱ œŒ‘Š˜•˜¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ ǰȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ The Background of the New Testament and its Eschatology. Š–‹›’ŽDZȱ Š–‹›’Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşśŜǯȱ ™ǯȱ řŜřȬřşřǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱThe Temple and the Church’s Mission:ȱŠȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž••’—ȱ •ŠŒŽȱ ˜ȱ ˜ǯȱ ˜ —Ž›œȱ ›˜ŸŽDZȱ —Ž›Š›œ’¢ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Manual do uso do Antigo Testamento no Novo Testamento:ȱ Ž¡ŽŽœŽȱ Žȱ ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ³¨˜ǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ’Šȱ ˜ŸŠǰȱ ŘŖŗřǯ ȱǰȱǯȱǯȱThe Impact of Yom Kippur on Early Christianity: ‘ŽȱŠ¢ȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ȱ ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱŽ–™•Žȱ žŠ’œ–ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’‘ȱŽ—ž›¢ǯȱû‹’—Ž—DZȱ˜‘›ȱ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǰȱŘŖŖřǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ As formas literárias do Novo Testamento. ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ˜¢˜•Šǰȱ ŗşşŞǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 837  ǰȱŠĴ‘Ž ǯȱThe Scrolls and Christian Origins:ȱž’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱŠŒ”›˜ž—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǯȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱ Œ›’‹—Ž›Ȃœȱ ˜—œǰȱ ŗşŜŗǯ  ǰȱǯȱ’›Šœ‘ȱ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œȦ Ž‹›Ž œȱŠœȱ’›Šœ‘ǯȱ —DZȱ   ǰȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Hebrews in Contextsǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśȬřŖǯ  ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ The Heavenly Sanctuary/Temple Motif in the Hebrew Bible. ŘŖŖśǯȱŽœŽȱǻ˜ž˜›Š˜ȱŽ–ȱŽ˜•˜’ŠǼȱȮȱ—›Ž œȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰ Ž››’Ž—ȱ™›’—œǰȱŘŖŖśǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ La Epistola a los Hebreosǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œȬžŽ—˜œȱ ’›ŽœDZȱ žŽŸŠȱ ›ŽŠŒ’à—ǰȱ ŗşŞŝǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ The Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ Ž›–Š—œǰȱ ŗşşŖǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ To the Hebrews. Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ˜ž‹•ŽŠ¢ǰȱ ŗşŝŘǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Žȱ ’—Š•ȱ Ž–™•Žǯȱ Westminster Theological Journalǰȱ •Ž—œ’Žǰȱ Ÿǯȱ řśǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśŜȬŗŞşǰȱ ŗşŝřǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱThe Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ ›Š—ȱŠ™’œDZȱŽ›–Š—œǰȱŘŖŗŘǯȱǻ Ǽǯ ǰȱǯȱHeavenly Sanctuary and Liturgy in the Epistle to the Hebrews:ȱ‘ŽȱŒ‘’ŽŸŽ–Ž—ȱ ˜ȱ Š•ŸŠ’˜—ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™’œ•ŽȂœȱ Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽǯȱ ǯȱ Ž’—›ŠDZȱ ›Š’•ǰȱ ŗşŜŖǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜•¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜œȱ ˜•¢ȱ •ŠŒŽDZȱ ‘Žȱ Ž›’˜ȱ ˜ȱ Ž‹ȱ şDZŜȬŗŖȱ Š—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ¢ȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ȱŠœȱŠȱŽŠ™‘˜›ȱ˜ȱ›Š—œ’’˜—ǯȱJournal of Biblical Literature, •Š—Šǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗŘśǰȱ —ǯȱ řǰȱ ™ǯȱ śŘŝȬśŚŝǰȱ ŘŖŖŜǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯ “The Anchor of the Soul that Enters within the Veil”:ȱ ‘Žȱ œŒŽ—œ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ȃ˜—Ȅȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽĴŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ ŘŖŖŞǯȱ ŽœŽȱ ǻ˜ž˜›Š˜Ǽȱ Ȯȱ —›Ž œȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱŽ››’Ž—ȱ™›’—œǰȱŘŖŖŞǯȱ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱŽ–DZȱǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ Ž˜ǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ Řřȱ “ž•ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ  Ȭǰȱ ǯȱ A vida diária nos tempos de Jesusǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ’Šȱ ˜ŸŠǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘›’œȂœȱ —›¢ȱ ’‘’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž’•ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ ŜDZŗşȬŘŖDZȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ŠŒ”›˜ž—ǯȱ Andrews University Seminary Studies, Ž››’Ž—ȱ ™›’—œǰȱ Ÿǯȱ řşǰȱ —ǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŝśȬŗşŖǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ’™˜•˜’Šȱ —˜ȱ •’Ÿ›˜ȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱ ›Š—”ȱ ǯȱ ǻǯǼǯȱ À luz de Hebreus: ’—Ž›ŒŽœœ¨˜ǰȱ Ž¡™’Š³¨˜ȱ Žȱ “žÇ£˜ȱ —˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ —Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ ˜Ž•‘˜DZȱ —Šœ™›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřşȬŘŗŚǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ‘Žȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱ˜›”ȱ˜ȱ‘›’œȱ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —:ȱǰȱ›Š—”ȱǯȱǻǯǼǯȱ Studia Evangelica: Š™Ž›œȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’›ȱ —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱ ˜—›Žœœȱ ˜—ȱ Ž ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱž’Žœȱ‘Ž•ȱŠȱ‘›’œȱ‘ž›Œ‘ǰȱ¡˜›ǰȱŗşŜśǯȱŠ›ȱ DZȱ‘ŽȱŽ ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ Œ›’™ž›Žœǯ Ž›•’—DZȱ”ŠŽ–’ŽȬŽ›•Šǰȱ ŗşŜŞǯȱ Ÿǯȱ ǰȱ ™ǯȱ řŞŚȬřŞşǯ    ǰȱ ǯȱ The Epistle to the Hebrews: Šȱ ˜––Ž—Š›¢ȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ›ŽŽ”ȱ Ž¡ǯȱ ›Š—ȱŠ™’œDZȱŽ›–Š—œǰȱŗşşřǯȱǻ‘ŽȱŽ ȱ —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱ ›ŽŽ”ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢Ǽǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ As Cartas de Paulo. ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ˜¢˜•Šǰȱ ŗşşŘǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ¡™ŽŒŠ’ŸŠœȱ –Žœœ’¦—’ŒŠœȱ œŠŒŽ›˜Š’œȱ —˜ȱ “žŠÇœ–˜ȱ Žȱ Šœȱ ˜›’Ž—œȱ Šȱ Œ›’œ˜•˜’Šǯȱ Oraculaǰȱ ¨˜ȱ Ž›—Š›˜ȱ ˜ȱ Š–™˜ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗǰȱ —ǯȱ ŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŖȬŘŝǰȱ ŘŖŖśǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱ ¡™˜œ’³¨˜ȱ Žȱ ™Š›¹—ŽœŽȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ™›˜‹•Ž–Šȱ •’Ž›¤›’˜ȬŽ˜•à’Œ˜DZȱ ž–ȱ Žœž˜ȱ Šȱ Žœ›žž›Šȱ •’Ž›¤›’Šȱ Žȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ ŽĚŽ¡žœǰȱ ’à›’Šǰȱ Ÿǯȱ  ǰȱ —ǯȱ ŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ şŗȬŗŘśǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǯȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ  ŽǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŘŘȱ “Š—ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ 838 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ›ŽŠ’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ Š•ŸŠ’˜—ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft,ȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗŖŜǰȱ —ǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŞŖȬřŖřǰȱ ŘŖŗśǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Our Man In Heaven:ȱ Š—ȱ ¡™˜œ’’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ ǯǯ ǯǰȱ ŗşŝřǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯǰȱ Š—ȱ —Œ’Ž—ȱ ¢—Š˜žŽȱ ˜–’•¢ȱ ˜›ȱ ’œ‘Šȱ ŽȬȱ ŸDZȱ œȱ ž—Œ’˜—ǰȱ œȱ Šœ’œǰȱ œȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ —Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ǯȱ —DZȱ   ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻǯǼǯȱ Hebrews: ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱ Ž‘˜ȱ Ȯȱ Ž ȱ —œ’‘œǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŝȬŘŘŜǯ  ǰȱǯȱThe Role of the Septuagint in Hebrewsǯȱû‹’—Ž—DZȱ˜‘›ȱ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǰȱŘŖŖřǯ    Dzȱǯȱ’•‹ž›Dzȱ ǰȱǯȱǯȱLéxico do Novo Testamento grego/português. ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ’Šȱ ˜ŸŠǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǯ ǰȱǯȱHomilías sobre la Escritura en la Época Apostólica.ȱŠ›ŒŽ•˜—ŠDZȱ Ž›Ž›ǰȱŗşşŗǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ Hebreus: introdução e comentárioǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ’Šȱ ˜ŸŠȱ Žȱ ž—˜ȱ ›’œ¨˜ǰȱ ŗşŞŚǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ’—ȱ’œȱ’›œȬŽ—ž›¢ȱ˜—Ž¡œDZȱŽŒŽ—ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱǯDzȱǰȱ ǯȱǯȱǻœǼǯȱThe Face of New Testament Studies: Šȱž›ŸŽ¢ȱ˜ȱ ŽŒŽ—ȱ ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ Š”Ž›ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŗŚȬŚŚřǯ ǰȱǯȱ›˜–ȱ›’Žœ•¢ȱ˜›Š‘ȱ˜ȱ‘›’œȱž•žœDZȱ‘ŽȱŽȬ’œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ˜ŸŽ—Š—ȱŠ—ȱž•ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱJournal for the Study of the New Testament,ȱ‘˜žœŠ—ȱŠ”œǰȱŸǯȱŘŞǰȱ—ǯȱŗǰȱ ™ǯȱŗŖśȬŗŘŚǰȱŘŖŖśǯȱ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱŽ–DZȱǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ  Ž ŞǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱŽ–DZȱŘŝȱŽ£ǯȱŘŖŗşǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Šȱ Š›Žȱ ‘Ž¢ȱ Š¢’—ȱ Š‹˜žȱ ‘Žȱ ŽĴŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǵȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ Šž•’œȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŖśǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Echoes of Scripture in Paulǯȱ Ž ȱ ŠŸŽ—DZȱ Š•Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŞşǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ȃ Ž›Žȱ Žȱ ŠŸŽȱ ˜ȱ Šœ’—ȱ ’¢ȄDZȱ Ž ȱ ˜ŸŽ—Š—Š•’œ–ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯDzȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ The Epistle to the Hebrews and Christian Theologyǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ Ž›–Š—œǰȱ ŘŖŖşǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśŗȬŗŝřǯ ǰȱǯȱǯȱThe Epistle to the Hebrews:ȱ œȱŠŒ”›˜ž—ȱ˜ȱ‘˜ž‘ǯȱŠ–‹›’ŽDZȱŠ–‹›’Žȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱŗşşŖǯȱǻ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜›ȱŽ ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱž’Žœȱ˜—˜›Š™‘ȱŽ›’ŽœȱŜśǼǯ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱPurging God’s People and Place:ȱŽŸ’’ŒŠ•ȱŠŒ›’ęŒŽȱŠœȱŠȱ›˜•Ž˜–Ž—˜—ȱ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱŘŖŗŚǯȱ’œœŽ›Š³¨˜ȱǻŽœ›Š˜Ǽǯȱ‘Žȱ˜ž‘Ž›—ȱŠ™’œȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ Ž–’—Š›¢ǰȱ ˜ž’œŸ’••Žǰȱ ŘŖŗŚǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ şǯŘřDZȱ ž•ȱ —Šžž›Š’˜—ǰȱ ˜–ȱ ’™™ž›ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ •ŽŠ—œ’—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱ Š‹Ž›—ŠŒ•Žǯȱ New Testament Studies, Cambridge, Ÿǯȱ ŜŘǰȱ —ǯŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ śŜşȬśŞŝǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ ’ȱ Žœžœȱ 쎛ȱ ’–œŽ•ǵȱ ȱ Š¡˜—˜–¢ȱ ˜ȱ ŽŒŽ—ȱ Œ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ˜—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Currents in Biblical Researchǰȱ ˜—˜—ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗśǰȱ —ǯȱ řǰȱ ™ǯȱ řřŞȬřŜŞǰȱ ŘŖŗŝǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ŽœžœȂȱ ŽŠ‘ȱ Š—ȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱ 쎛’—ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Š–‹›’ŽDZȱ Š–‹›’Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗşǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Žȱ ž•žœȱ ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ ’—ȱ  Ž—’Ž‘ȱ Ž—ž›¢ȱ Œ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ǯȱ The Expository Timesǰȱ ˜—˜—ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ Şşǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖŚȬŗŖŞǰȱ ŗşŝŞǯȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ •¢ȦŘ‹ŸřǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŗŞȱ Š˜ǯȱ ŘŖŗśǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 839  ǰȱǯȱ ǯȱ•žœäŽœȱŠ˜ȱ’ŠȱŠȱŽ¡™’Š³¨˜ǯȱIn:ȱ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱǻǯǼǯȱÀ luz de Hebreus:ȱ’—Ž›ŒŽœœ¨˜ǰȱŽ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱŽȱ“žÇ£˜ȱ—˜ȱŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ—Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ˜Ž•‘˜DZȱ —Šœ™›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗŜŠǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘŗȬŗřŞǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ ŒŽ•ŽœŽDZȱ ꐞ›Š’Ÿ˜ȱ ˜žȱ ›ŽŠ•ǵȱ In:ȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻǯǼǯȱÀ luz de Hebreus:ȱ’—Ž›ŒŽœœ¨˜ǰȱŽ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱŽȱ“žÇ£˜ȱ—˜ȱœŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ǯȱ—Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ ˜Ž•‘˜DZȱ —Šœ™›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗŜ‹ǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŝȬŜśǯ ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱ New Testament Interpretation through Rhetorical Criticism.ȱ ‘Š™Ž•ȱ ’••DZȱ ‘Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ˜›‘ȱ Š›˜•’—Šȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŞŚǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ Ž• ¢—DZȱ ŸŠ—Ž•’ŒŠ•ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŞŚǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ The Psalm Citations in the Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ –œŽ›Š–DZȱ Š—ȱ ˜Žœǰȱ ŗşŜŗǯ ǰȱǯȱǯȱHebrewsDZȱŠȱŽ ȱ›Š—œ•Š’˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢ǯȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ˜ž‹•ŽŠ¢ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱǯȱ ̄ϩΐ΅ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ ŘŖŗŖǯȱ ŽœŽȱ ǻ˜ž˜›Š˜Ǽȱ Ȯȱ—›Ž œȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱ Ž››’Ž—ȱ ™›’—œǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ‘Žȱ˜œ–˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱǯDzȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻœǼǯȱ Cosmology and New Testament Theologyǯȱ ˜—˜—DZȱ ǭȱ •Š›”ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŘśȬŗŚřǯ ǰȱǯȱHebrews 1-8ǯȱŠ••ŠœDZȱ˜›ȱ˜˜”œǰȱŗşşŗǯȱǻ˜›ȱ’‹•Žȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢ǰȱŚŝĶǼǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œDZȱ ȱ Ž›–˜—ȱ ’—ȱ ŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ˜ȱ Šȱ ŽĴ’—ǯȱ Southwestern Journal of Theologyǰȱ ˜›ȱ ˜›‘ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŘŞǰȱ —ǯȱ ŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřȬŗśǰȱ ŗşŞśǯ  ǰȱ Ž’—›’Œ‘ǯȱ Handbook of Literary Rhetoric:ȱ ȱ ˜ž—Š’˜—ȱ ˜›ȱ ’Ž›Š›¢ȱ ž¢ǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŗşşŞǯ  Dzȱ ǯȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşşŜǯ ǯDzȱ ǰȱ ˜‹Ž›ǯȱ A Greek-English Lexiconǯȱ ¡˜›DZȱ •Š›Ž—˜—ȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ‘Žȱ ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽĴŽ›ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşşŗǯ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Š–‹›’ŽDZȱ Š–‹›’Žȱ  ǯȱȃ˜—’—žœȄǰȱ—ȱž‹•’–’¢ǯȱ —DZȱǰȱǯȱǯDzȱ ǰȱǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱAncient Literary Criticism:ȱ‘Žȱ›’—Œ’™Š•ȱŽ¡œȱ’—ȱŽ ȱ›Š—œ•Š’˜—œǯȱ¡˜›DZȱ ¡˜›ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŝŘǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŜŖȬśŖřǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Eschatology and Exhortation in the Epistle to the Hebrews. û‹’—Ž—DZȱ ˜‘›ȱ ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǰȱ ŘŖŖŝǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ¡™’Š³¨˜ǰȱ—ŠȱŽ››Šȱ˜žȱ—˜ȱŒ·žǵDZȱ˜ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ’˜ȱŽȱŽ¡™’Š³¨˜ȱŒŽ•Žœ’Š•ȱŽ–ȱ Ž‹›Žžœǯȱ Kerygma, —Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ ˜Ž•‘˜ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗŘǰȱ —ǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŝřȬŗŖřǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯ   ǰȱ ǯǯȱ Ž‹›Žžœȱ Žȱ ˜ȱ œŠ—ž¤›’˜ȱ no Œ·žǯȱ Vox Scripturaeǰȱ Ÿǯȱ Řśǰȱ —ǯȱ ŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚşȬ ŝŗǰȱ ŘŖŗŝǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ “You are priest forever”:ȱ œŽŒ˜—ȱ Ž–™•Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ –Žœœ’Š—’œ–ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›’Žœ•¢ȱ ‘›’œ˜•˜¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ˜œ–˜•˜¢ǰȱ Žœœ’Š—’œ–ǰȱ Š—ȱ Ž•Œ‘’£ŽŽ”DZȱ ™˜ŒŠ•¢™’Œȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ ›Š’’˜—œȱ Š—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ ǰȱ ›’Œȱ ǯDzȱ ǰȱ ŽŸ’—ȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Re840 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 ading the Epistle to the Hebrews: a resource for studentsǯȱ •Š—ŠDZȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ ’Ž›Šž›Žǰȱ ŘŖŗŗŠǯȱ ™ǯȱ śřȬŝŜǯ ǰȱ›’Œȱǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱŠ—ȱŽŠȱŽŠȱŒ›˜••œDZȱœ˜–Žȱ™˜’—œȱ˜ȱŒ˜–™Š›’œ˜—ǯȱPerspectives in Religious Studiesǰȱ ž››ŽŽœ‹˜›˜ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ řŝǰȱ —ǯȱ Śǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŚśşȬŚŝşǰȱ ŘŖŗŗ‹ǯȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱ ŽŸŽ•Š’˜—ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™’œ•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ —DZȱ ǰȱ Ž—“Š–’—ȱ ǯDzȱ   ǰȱ ˜›Ž—ȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ The Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the Shaping of New Testament Thoughtǯȱ ’——ŽŠ™˜•’œDZȱ ˜››Žœœȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗŝǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŝŝȬŘşŘǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ’—ȱ›ŽŒŽ—ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱǻŠ›ȱŗǼǯȱIrish Biblical Studies, Ž•Šœǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗŜǰȱ —ǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŜŜȬŞŝǰȱ ŗşşŚǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ Der Brief an die Hebraerǯȱ ûĴ’—Ž—DZȱ Š—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱ ǭȱ ž™›ŽŒ‘ǰȱ ŗşŜŜǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱLeviticus 1-16: ŠȱŽ ȱ›Š—œ•Š’˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢ǯȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ˜ž‹•ŽŠ¢ǰȱ ŗşşŗǯ ȱ ǯȱA Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews.ȱŽ ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ˜—’—žž–ǰȱ ŗşŘŚǯ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱAtonement and the Logic of Resurrection in the Epistle to the Hebrews. Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǯȱ ǻ˜Ÿž™ȱ ŗŚŗǼǯ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱ•˜˜ǰȱ’ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ˜—Ž–Ž—ǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱ‘ǯDzȱ  ǰȱǯȱǻœǯǼǯȱ ‘Žȱ Š¢ȱ ˜ȱ ˜—Ž–Ž—DZ Its Interpretations in Early Jewish and Christian Traditionsǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŗŗȬŘŘŚǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ Š›™Ž›Dzȱ ˜—˜—DZȱ •ŠŒ”ǰȱ ŗşŜŚǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ Na corte celestial.ȱ ŠžÇDZȱ ŠœŠȱ ž‹•’ŒŠ˜›Šȱ ›Šœ’•Ž’›Šǰȱ ŘŖŗşǯ  ǰȱǯȱHebrewsǯȱ ›Š—ȱŠ™’œDZȱ˜—Ž›ŸŠ—ǰȱŗşŞřǯȱǻ’‹•Žȱž¢ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢Ǽǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ȃ Žȱ 쎛Žȱ ’–œŽ•ȄDZȱ ŠŒ›’ęŒŽȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Interpretation, Ÿǯȱ śŝǰȱ —ǯȱ řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśŗȬŘŜśǰȱ ŘŖŖřǯȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ š şǁǯȱ ŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŘŞȱ —˜Ÿǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Žœžœȱ‘Žȱ›˜”Ž›ȱ —ȱ Ž‹›Ž œDZȱ —œ’‘œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œ’Š•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœǯȱ —: ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯDzȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Reading the Epistle to the Hebrews: a resource ˜›ȱ œžŽ—œǯȱ•Š—ŠDZȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ ’Ž›Šž›Žǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŚśȬŗŝŖǯ   ǰȱǯȱžžœ˜ȱŽȱǯȱŽ•’’¨˜ȱŽȱŸ’œ’˜—¤›’˜œǯȱ —DZȱ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱŽȱǯȱ ǻ›ǯǼǯȱ Religião de visionários: Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ Žȱ –’œ’Œ’œ–˜ȱ —˜ȱ Œ›’œ’Š—’œ–˜ȱ ™›’–’’Ÿ˜ǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ ˜¢˜•Šǰȱ ŘŖŖśǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřȬŚŘǯ   ǰȱ‘ǯȱ ǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱŠœȱ–™•’ęŒŠ’˜—ǯȱ —:ȱǰȱǯȱǯDzȱ  ǰȱ‘ǯȱ ǯȱǻœǯǼǯȱRhetoric and the New Testament:ȱœœŠ¢œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŗşşŘȱ Ž’Ž•‹Ž›ȱ˜—Ž›Ž—ŒŽǯȱ ‘ŽĜŽ•DZȱ ‘ŽĜŽ•ȱŒŠŽ–’Œȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǯȱ ™ǯȱ řŝśȬřŞşǯ  ǰȱǯȱ ǯȱThe Cultic Motif in the Spirituality of the Book of HebrewsǯȱŽ ’œ˜—DZȱ Ž••Ž—ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ǰȱ ŗşşřǯ    ǯȱ ¢™Žœȱ ˜ȱ ˜›Š˜›¢ȱ ǻž’—’•’Š—ȱ ŗŘǯȱ ŗŖǼǯȱ —DZȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Ancient Literary Criticism:ȱ ‘Žȱ ›’—Œ’™Š•ȱ Ž¡œȱ ’—ȱ Ž ȱ ›Š—œ•Š’˜—œǯȱ ¡˜›DZȱ ¡˜›ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşŝŘǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŚŖŚȬŚŗŜǯ Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 841  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ŽŸ’’ŒŠ•ȱ ŠŒ›’ęŒŽȱ Š—ȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱ ž•ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ ŘŖŗřǯȱ řşŗǯȱ ŽœŽȱ ǻ˜ž˜›Š˜Ǽȱ ȯȱ ‘ŽŠ˜—ȱ ˜••ŽŽǰȱ ‘ŽŠ˜—ǰȱ ŘŖŗřǯȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ •¢ȦŘ “ ǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŗŞȱ “ž•ǯȱ ŘŖŗşǯ  ǰȱǯȱ ǯȱŽŸ’’ŒŠ•ȱŠŒ›’ęŒŽȱŠ—ȱ ŽŠŸŽ—•¢ȱž•ȱ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱŽ›•’—DZȱŽȱ ›ž¢Ž›ǰȱŘŖŗŜǯ [ǰȱ ‘ǯȱ The Invention of Godǯȱ Š–‹›’ŽDZȱ Š›ŸŠ›ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŘŖŗśǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ A importância da literatura apocalíptica: um estudo da literatura Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠȱ Žȱ Œ›’œ¨ȱ Žȱ Š—’Ž•ȱ Š˜ȱ™˜ŒŠ•’™œŽǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ Šž•’—Šœǰȱ ŗşŞŖǯ t ǰȱ ǯȱŠ›’—ȱŠŒ›’ęŒŽȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¢˜—DZȱ•ŠŸ’Š—ȱ ——˜ŸŠ’˜—œȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜—ŒŽ™ȱ˜ȱ ›’Žœ‘˜˜ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŽĚŽŒ’˜—œȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠ’œŽȱȃ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œȄǯȱ —DZȱ   ǰȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Hebrews in Contextsǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗŖşȬŗřŘǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Desvelamento divino: ž–Šȱ ’—›˜ž³¨˜ȱ ¥ȱ Š™˜ŒŠ•Ç™’ŒŠȱ “žŠ’ŒŠǯȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜DZȱ Šž•žœǰȱ ŗşşŝǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ Š›Š••Ž•˜–Š—’Šǯȱ Journal of Biblical Literatureǰȱ •Š—Šǰȱ Ÿǯȱ Şŗǰȱ —ǯȱ ŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗȬȱŗřǰȱ–Š›ǯȱŗşŜŘǯȱ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱŽ–DZȱǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ ŸŖŘǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱŽ–DZȱŗşȱ—˜ŸǯȱŘŖŗşǯ   ȱ ǯȱ Understanding the Book of Hebrews:ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜›¢ȱ ‹Ž‘’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž›–˜—ǯȱ ˜ž’œŸ’••ŽDZȱ Žœ–’—œŽ›ȱ ˜‘—ȱ —˜¡ǰȱ ŘŖŖřǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ Cosmology and Eschatology in Hebrews: ‘Žȱ ŽĴ’—œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŠŒ›’ęŒŽǯȱ Š–‹›’ŽDZȱŠ–‹›’Žȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŘŖŖŝǯȱǻ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜›ȱŽ ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱž’Žœȱ ˜—˜›Š™‘ȱ Ž›’Žœȱ ŗŚřǼǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ The Use of Exodus in Hebrewsǯȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ŽŽ›ȱ Š—ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ A Priest Forever: Šȱ ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ¢™˜•˜¢ȱ Š—ȱ œŒ‘Š˜•˜¢ȱ ’—ȱ ˜—˜—DZȱ ‘ŽŽȱ ǭȱ Š›ǰȱ ŗşŜşǯ Ž‹›Ž œ.  ǰȱ ǯȱ L’Épitre aux Hébreux.ȱ Š›’œDZȱ ǯȱ Š‹Š•Šȱ Žȱ ’Žǯȱ 1’Žž›œǰȱ ŗşśŘȬŗşśřǯȱ Řȱ Ÿǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱ Historia social del cristianismo primitivoǯȱ œŽ••ŠDZȱ Ž›‹˜ȱ ’Ÿ’—˜ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ A Quest for the Assumed LXX Vorlage of the Explicit Quotations in Hebrewsǯȱ ãĴ’—Ž—DZȱ Š—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱ ǭȱ ž™›ŽŒ‘ǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǯ ǰȱ ǯȱ —ȱ ‘Žȱ ’Ž›Š›¢ȱ Ž—›Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ȁ™’œ•ŽȂȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Novum Testamentum,ȱ Ž’Ž—ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŗŗǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŘŜŗȬŘŜşǰȱ ŗşŜşǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱǯ The Beginnings of Christian Philosophy:ȱ‘Žȱ™’œ•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ Šœ‘’—˜—DZȱ ‘Žȱ Š‘˜•’Œȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœœ˜Œ’Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠǰȱ ŗşŞŘǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱ‘Šȱ Šœȱ’•Žȱ•Š˜—’œ–ȱ˜ȱ˜ȱ ’‘ȱ Ž‹›Ž œǵȱ —DZȱǰȱ ǯȱ ǯDzȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǻœǯǼǯȱ Reading the Epistle to the Hebrews:ȱ Šȱ ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽȱ ˜›ȱ œžŽ—œǯȱ•Š—ŠDZȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ ’Ž›Šž›Žǰȱ ŘŖŗŗǯȱ ™ǯȱ řśȬśŘǯ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱ‘’•˜ȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ™’œ•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›ŽžœǯȱThe Evangelical Quarterly, Ž’Ž—ǰȱ Ÿǯȱ śŞǰȱ —ǯȱ Řǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŗřřȬŗŚřǰȱ ŗşŞŜǯ ǰȱǯȱŽǯȱ —œ’ž’³äŽœȱŽȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ—˜ȱ—’˜ȱŽœŠ–Ž—˜ǯȱ¨˜ȱŠž•˜DZȱŽ˜•à’ŒŠǰȱŘŖŖřǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ‘Žȱ ž›’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ 쎛’—ȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸ’’Œžœȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ 쎛’—ȱ ˜ȱ Žœžœǯȱ ŽœŽȱ ǻ˜ž˜›Š˜Ǽǯȱ ž›‘Š–DZȱ ž”Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱ ŘŖŗŘǯȱ ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱ Ž–DZȱ ǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ •¢Ȧ؛‘‹žǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱ Ž–DZȱ ŖŚȱ “Š—ǯȱ ŘŖŘŖǯ 842 Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022  ǰȱ ǯȱ Ž‹›Ž œȂȱ œŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǯȱ Vox Reformataǰȱ ’Œ˜›’Šǰȱ Ÿǯȱ ŝřǰȱ™ǯȱŜŖȬŞŘǰȱŘŖŖŞǯȱ’œ™˜—ÇŸŽ•ȱŽ–DZȱǀ‘Ĵ™œDZȦȦ‹’ǯ•¢ȦŘ •şŖ ǁǯȱŒŽœœ˜ȱŽ–DZȱŗŘȱ–Š›ǯȱŘŖŗśǯ  ǰȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ Jesus and the Holy CityDZȱ Ž ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ ˜—ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œǰȱ Ž›–Š—œǰȱ ŗşşŜǯ ǰȱǯȱǯȱThe Epistle to the Hebrews:ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŽ”ȱŽ¡ȱ ’‘ȱ—˜ŽœȱŠ—ȱŽœœŠ¢œǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œDZȱ Ž›Š–—œǰȱ ŗşśŘǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱ‘Žȱ ˜ȱ˜ȱŽŠŒŽȱŠ—ȱ ’œȱ’Œ˜›’˜žœȱ ’—DZȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱŗřDZŘŖȮŘŗȱ’—ȱ œȱ˜–Š—ȱ –™Ž›’Š•ȱ˜—Ž¡ǯȱ —DZȱ   ǰȱ Š‹›’Ž••ŠDzȱ  ǰȱ ǯȱǯȱǻœǯǼǯȱ Hebrews in Contexts.ȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŗŜǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŗśśȬŗŞŖǯ   ǰȱ ǯȱ Philo and the Epistle to the Hebrewsǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŗşŝŖǯ   Ȭ ǰȱ ǯȱ˜–ŽȱŽ–Š›”œȱ˜—ȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ’Ž ™˜’—ȱ˜ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ¡ŽŽœ’œǯȱ —DZȱ   ǰȱ ǯȱǻǯǼǯȱHebrews: Contemporary Methods — New Insightsǯȱ Ž’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŘŖŖśǯȱ ™ǯȱ ŘśȬřŜǯ  ǰȱǯȱǯȱHebrewsǯȱ ›Š—ȱŠ™’œDZȱŽ›–Š—œǰȱŗşŞŝǯȱǻ‘ŽȱŽ ȱŽ—ž›¢ȱ’‹•Žȱ ˜––Ž—Š›¢Ǽǯ ›’˜ȱ œž‹–Ž’˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ŖŝǯŖŘǯŘŖŘŘȱ Žȱ Š™›˜ŸŠ˜ȱ Ž–ȱ ŖřǯŗŗǯŘŖŘŘǯ Isaac Malheiros ·ȱ ˜ž˜›ȱ Ž–ȱ Ž˜•˜’Šȱ ǻǰȱ ŘŖŗşǼǯȱ žŠȱ Œ˜–˜ȱ ˜ŒŽ—Žȱ Šȱ ŠŒž•ŠŽȱ Žȱ Ž˜•˜ÇŠȱ˜ȱ—Šœ™ȱǻŠ–™žœȱ—Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ˜Ž•‘˜ȬǼǯȱ›Œ’ǯ˜›ȦŖŖŖŖȬŖŖŖŗȬşŞŞřȬŘŜřŞǯȱȬ–Š’•DZȱ ’œŠŠŒǯ–Ž’›Šȓž—Šœ™ǯŽžǯ‹› Endereço:ȱžŠȱ£ž•¨˜ǰȱ ŞŞǰȱ Žœ’Ž—Œ’Š•ȱ ŽŒŠ—˜ȱ ˜œȱ ¤œœŠ›˜œǰȱ ȱ Š˜Šȱ ˜—’Šȱ ȯȱ —Ž—‘Ž’›˜ȱ ˜Ž•‘˜ ȱ ŗřŚŚŞȬřŗŖȱ ¨˜ȱ Šž•˜ȱ ȯȱ  Perspect. Teol., Belo Horizonte, v. 54, n. 3, p. 819-843, Set./Dez. 2022 843

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