In our research we analyse the Hungarian Mangalica chain using Structure-Conduct- Performance (SC... more In our research we analyse the Hungarian Mangalica chain using Structure-Conduct- Performance (SCP) paradigm. We analysed the chain actors with two different analytical methods. The breeders, processors and traders were examined by in-depth interviews based on the SCP paradigm, and using data from National Association of Mangalica Breeders (122 members with more than 7300 sows in 2013). The aim of our secondary research during the examination of the chain structure was to determine the stock and geographical concentration of mangalica sector. The indicators used were as follows: Concentration Ratio, Lorenz-curve, Gini-coefficient, Herfindahl-Hirschman-index. Studying the years between 2000 and 2012, the concentration analysis demonstrated that in the mangalica sector there was not such a significant concentration than in the other agricultural sectors, but the fragmentation of this segment was also observed. This was due to the effect of State aid payments for the native breeds. In the last part of the research we compiled the segments of Mangalitza production path and distribution channels in Hungary in 2013.
Maize yield forecasting is important for the organisation of harvesting and storage, for the esti... more Maize yield forecasting is important for the organisation of harvesting and storage, for the estimation of the commodity base and for the provision of the country’s feed and food demand (export–import). To this end, a field experiment was conducted in dry (2021) and extreme dry (2022) years to track the development of the crop to determine the evolution of the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) for better yield estimation. The obtained results showed that SPAD and LAI decreased significantly under drought stress, and leaf senescence had already started in the early vegetative stage. The amount of top dressing applied at V6 and V12 phenophases did not increase yield due to the low amount of rainfall. The 120 kg N ha−1 base fertiliser proved to be optimal. The suitability of SPAD and LAI for maize yield estimation was modelled by regression analysis. Results showed that the combined SPAD-LAI was suitable for yield prediction, and the correlation was stronges...
The study introduces the current situation of electric vehicle technologies, the possibilities an... more The study introduces the current situation of electric vehicle technologies, the possibilities and possible directions of their market, as well as the economic and environmental aspects in the eastern region of the EU, with special regard to Hungary. Our calculations show that despite the higher costs of ownership, in the case of 7 years of use (among Hungarian conditions), the total cost of the Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is lower than that of the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) in each of the four segments analysed. The purchasing power of the population in the eastern regions of the EU is clearly lower compared to the western regions, yet people in this region spend beyond their financial means on motorization. Despite its unfavourable position, Hungary is in a particularly advantageous position compared to other countries in the region per vehicle and per capita in terms of the spread of BEVs. In the long run, even taking higher prices into account, the use of ele...
A fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálatához alkalmazott eljárás megválasztása még manapság is rendkív... more A fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálatához alkalmazott eljárás megválasztása még manapság is rendkívül nehéz döntést képvisel a kutatásokban. A feltárt preferencia (SP) jellegű adatokon alapuló módszerek használatakor a kutatók elsődleges célja az, hogy minél eredményesebben tudják csökkentetni a hipotetikus kontextus okozta torzító hatást, mindemellett egyre több információhoz jussanak a felmérés résztvevőivel kapcsolatosan. A tanulmányban a nemzetközi színtéren Best–Worst Scalingként (BWS) ismertté vált preferenciaértékelő eljárás „object” esetét mutatjuk be, ami több előnyös tulajdonsággal rendelkezik más hasonló módszerekhez képest. Az első részben a BWS elméleti hátterét és kísérleti elrendezésének megvalósítási lépéseit ismertetjük, majd a szükséges adatbázis-formátumot fogjuk bemutatni. Ezt követően szimulációval előállított adatok segítségével az elemzés „számításos” megközelítésének lépéseit vezetjük végig, ábrákkal és értelmezésekkel kiegészítve, a tanulmány legvégén pedig li...
The European Commission (EC) has monitored Member States' digital progress through the Digita... more The European Commission (EC) has monitored Member States' digital progress through the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) since 2014. The DESI index currently ranks the EU Member States and monitors their progress based on four core and 33 individual indicators. We sought to determine whether convergence between the Member States could be detected using the DESI’s annual databases. By examining the variation in the indices, we propose the existence of a so-called “Matthew effect”, i.e., the “rich get richer” syndrome among the 27 EU Member States. We also hypothesised that the COVID-19 pandemic would influence the change in the DESI. Issues investigated were those using bibliometric, statistical-mathematical methods. The σ-convergence analysis was used to estimate the reduction over time of the differences between the Member States, while the β-convergence analysis was used to estimate the rate of catching up with the initial level of development. A PCA analysis was perfor...
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important component of the hydrological cycle that ... more Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important component of the hydrological cycle that is used for water resource planning, irrigation, and agricultural management, as well as in other hydrological processes. The aim of this study was to estimate the ETo based on limited meteorological data using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. The daily data of minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tmean), solar radiation (SR), humidity (H), wind speed (WS), sunshine hours (Ssh), maximum global radiation (gradmax), minimum global radiation (gradmin), day length, and ETo data were obtained over the long-term period from 1969 to 2019. The analysed data were divided into two parts from 1969 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2019 for model training and testing, respectively. The optimal ANN for forecasting ETo included Tmax, Tmin, H, and SR at hidden layers (4, 3); gradmin, SR, and WS at (6, 4); SR, day length, Ssh, and Tmean at (3, 2); all collected para...
In our research we analyse the Hungarian Mangalica chain using Structure-Conduct- Performance (SC... more In our research we analyse the Hungarian Mangalica chain using Structure-Conduct- Performance (SCP) paradigm. We analysed the chain actors with two different analytical methods. The breeders, processors and traders were examined by in-depth interviews based on the SCP paradigm, and using data from National Association of Mangalica Breeders (122 members with more than 7300 sows in 2013). The aim of our secondary research during the examination of the chain structure was to determine the stock and geographical concentration of mangalica sector. The indicators used were as follows: Concentration Ratio, Lorenz-curve, Gini-coefficient, Herfindahl-Hirschman-index. Studying the years between 2000 and 2012, the concentration analysis demonstrated that in the mangalica sector there was not such a significant concentration than in the other agricultural sectors, but the fragmentation of this segment was also observed. This was due to the effect of State aid payments for the native breeds. In the last part of the research we compiled the segments of Mangalitza production path and distribution channels in Hungary in 2013.
Maize yield forecasting is important for the organisation of harvesting and storage, for the esti... more Maize yield forecasting is important for the organisation of harvesting and storage, for the estimation of the commodity base and for the provision of the country’s feed and food demand (export–import). To this end, a field experiment was conducted in dry (2021) and extreme dry (2022) years to track the development of the crop to determine the evolution of the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) for better yield estimation. The obtained results showed that SPAD and LAI decreased significantly under drought stress, and leaf senescence had already started in the early vegetative stage. The amount of top dressing applied at V6 and V12 phenophases did not increase yield due to the low amount of rainfall. The 120 kg N ha−1 base fertiliser proved to be optimal. The suitability of SPAD and LAI for maize yield estimation was modelled by regression analysis. Results showed that the combined SPAD-LAI was suitable for yield prediction, and the correlation was stronges...
The study introduces the current situation of electric vehicle technologies, the possibilities an... more The study introduces the current situation of electric vehicle technologies, the possibilities and possible directions of their market, as well as the economic and environmental aspects in the eastern region of the EU, with special regard to Hungary. Our calculations show that despite the higher costs of ownership, in the case of 7 years of use (among Hungarian conditions), the total cost of the Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is lower than that of the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) in each of the four segments analysed. The purchasing power of the population in the eastern regions of the EU is clearly lower compared to the western regions, yet people in this region spend beyond their financial means on motorization. Despite its unfavourable position, Hungary is in a particularly advantageous position compared to other countries in the region per vehicle and per capita in terms of the spread of BEVs. In the long run, even taking higher prices into account, the use of ele...
A fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálatához alkalmazott eljárás megválasztása még manapság is rendkív... more A fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálatához alkalmazott eljárás megválasztása még manapság is rendkívül nehéz döntést képvisel a kutatásokban. A feltárt preferencia (SP) jellegű adatokon alapuló módszerek használatakor a kutatók elsődleges célja az, hogy minél eredményesebben tudják csökkentetni a hipotetikus kontextus okozta torzító hatást, mindemellett egyre több információhoz jussanak a felmérés résztvevőivel kapcsolatosan. A tanulmányban a nemzetközi színtéren Best–Worst Scalingként (BWS) ismertté vált preferenciaértékelő eljárás „object” esetét mutatjuk be, ami több előnyös tulajdonsággal rendelkezik más hasonló módszerekhez képest. Az első részben a BWS elméleti hátterét és kísérleti elrendezésének megvalósítási lépéseit ismertetjük, majd a szükséges adatbázis-formátumot fogjuk bemutatni. Ezt követően szimulációval előállított adatok segítségével az elemzés „számításos” megközelítésének lépéseit vezetjük végig, ábrákkal és értelmezésekkel kiegészítve, a tanulmány legvégén pedig li...
The European Commission (EC) has monitored Member States' digital progress through the Digita... more The European Commission (EC) has monitored Member States' digital progress through the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) since 2014. The DESI index currently ranks the EU Member States and monitors their progress based on four core and 33 individual indicators. We sought to determine whether convergence between the Member States could be detected using the DESI’s annual databases. By examining the variation in the indices, we propose the existence of a so-called “Matthew effect”, i.e., the “rich get richer” syndrome among the 27 EU Member States. We also hypothesised that the COVID-19 pandemic would influence the change in the DESI. Issues investigated were those using bibliometric, statistical-mathematical methods. The σ-convergence analysis was used to estimate the reduction over time of the differences between the Member States, while the β-convergence analysis was used to estimate the rate of catching up with the initial level of development. A PCA analysis was perfor...
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important component of the hydrological cycle that ... more Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important component of the hydrological cycle that is used for water resource planning, irrigation, and agricultural management, as well as in other hydrological processes. The aim of this study was to estimate the ETo based on limited meteorological data using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. The daily data of minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tmean), solar radiation (SR), humidity (H), wind speed (WS), sunshine hours (Ssh), maximum global radiation (gradmax), minimum global radiation (gradmin), day length, and ETo data were obtained over the long-term period from 1969 to 2019. The analysed data were divided into two parts from 1969 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2019 for model training and testing, respectively. The optimal ANN for forecasting ETo included Tmax, Tmin, H, and SR at hidden layers (4, 3); gradmin, SR, and WS at (6, 4); SR, day length, Ssh, and Tmean at (3, 2); all collected para...
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