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2005
The study focuses on selected issues associated with production of antler and bone artefacts in Lusatian culture during the Hallstatt period. Analysis is made of antler and bone objects recovered at the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt C) fortified settlement at Biskupin (Great Poland). Next to pottery and consumption debris, antler and bone artefacts are the largest category of finds registered at the site. The analysis focused on the entire currently available material, attributable relatively soundly to Lusatian culture: 981 artefacts and their fragments, 372 waste pieces, fragments of unworked antler and bone and roughouts of obscure form and function.
Close to the bone: current studies in bone technologies
Bone and antler artefacts from an 8-5th century BC settlement at Grzybiany, South-Western PolandThe paper presents the general results of studies on 75 bone, antler and horn artefacts produced by the excavations of a late Bronze Age and early Iron Age lake settlement at Grzybiany, in present-day south-west Poland.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 70
A classification of objects made of bone, antler, tooth and horn from the Early Bronze Age fortified settlement in Maszkowice2018 •
Excavations at the Early Bronze Age fortified settlement in Maszkowice (Western Carpathians) carried out in 1959-1975 and 2010-2017 produced, among other finds, a collection of 56 artifacts made of bone, antler, teeth and horn. They were classified using formal criteria (size, shape, decoration), as well as character of use-wear traces into four types of ornaments (plaque, pendants, pins, dress items made of long bones) and seven types of tools (awls, perforators, spatulas, tanning tool, polishers, antler picks and hafted chopping tools). In the description of each type, we focus on its functional interpretation, discussing some opinions already existing in the literature. In the final section of the paper, we also analyze the frequency of each type in different contexts, as well as on the site in general.
Analyses of worked faunal remains from three Bronze to Iron Age (c. 900–400 BC) sites in Poland demonstrate changing trends in Central European prehistoric hard-tissue-processing tools and techniques.
Chasing Bronze Age rainbows. Studies on hoards and related phenomena in prehistoric Europe in honour of Wojciech Blajer (ed. M. S. Przybyła, K. Dzięgielewski), Prace Archeologiczne
Deposit of bronze ornaments from the Early Iron Age at site 7 in Ludwinowo, Kujavia (central Poland) and its ambiguous ceramic contextDuring excavations of site 7 in Ludwinowo, a hoard consisting of six bronze objects and a glass bead was found, intentionally deposited in an atypical, elongated pit (feature No. Z55). The assemblage can be counted among hoards of complete (not fragmented) items, composed solely of ornaments belonging to two or three categories (necklaces, small rings, perhaps earrings as well). The bronzes were made using two techniques: by forming from forged sheet metal (necklace No. 1) and by casting (other ornaments). The chronology of the ornaments, which belong to types quite widespread in the Polish Lowlands, decorated with groups of transverse lines (kerbgruppenverzierte Ringe), can be narrowed down to the Ha C2 and Ha D1 periods of the Early Iron Age. What makes the deposit from Ludwinowo of unique value is its discovery in the context of a fairly numerous series of ceramics from the same archaeological feature. The pottery corresponds to materials known from the Ha D period, although with references to both older and younger local and supra-local ceramic styles. Of particular importance are similarities to vessels typical of the so-called Lusatian-Pomeranian cultural transformation in Kuyavia and Greater Poland. Assuming these are not coincidental, the presence of well-dated metals in the same assemblage makes it a very early (Ha D1) indication of this cultural phenomenon.
Quaternary International
Daily life objects of bone and antler in the towns of Medieval Moldavia. Case study: Old Orhei (Republic of Moldova)2017 •
The present paper comprises research results regarding the usage of bone and antler artefacts by the inhabitants of Medieval Moldavia, taking as a case study an assemblage discovered in the medieval site of Old Orhei (Republic of Moldova). Numerous artefacts in different stages of manufacturing were identified, as well as artefacts with different wear levels. Our study emphasizes an important diversity in the typology of artefacts and in the anatomical and taxonomical selection of raw materials. The current paper seeks to continue the analysis of these types of objects that began a decade ago, when a part of bone and antler artefacts recovered from the archaeological excavations conducted in Old Orhei during the years 1947–2001 was investigated. The rich collection of bone and antler objects gained in the last six decades, illustrating the different segments of daily life, represents a valuable testimony of the urban material civilization during this historical period.
The article discusses artefacts made of osseous materials found in the Late Bronze Age fortified settlement sites in northeastern Lithuania. Earlier, Bronze Age bone items from three Lithuanian sites-Narkūnai, Nevieriškė and Kereliai-have been analysed more thoroughly. Of sites discussed here, Sokiškiai has been archaeologically investigated in the beginning of the 1980-ies. In recent years, research has been carried out on the fortified settlements of Mineikiškės and Garniai I. 14 C AMS dates have been used to date new sites as well as to specify the dates of previously studied settlements. During this research, approximately half a hundred bone, antler and tooth objects were examined, and the material used to make them was determined, if possible up to the species and skeletal part. Among the materials used, bone predominated, antler was used less, and teeth were used in only a few cases. An overview is given of the common types of bone objects, the processing techniques used to make them and the uses of the objects. The majority of tools are chisels and scrapers, and awls and points, many of which could have been used as leather working tools. The third major group of finds is bone pins, which testify to the clothing fashion that needed pins for attachment. Comparing the finds of Late Bronze Age fortified settlements in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Byelorussia, greater similarity can be observed in certain types of bone artefacts in southeastern Latvia, northwestern Byelorussia, and northeastern Lithuania.
Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology
The Antler, Ivory, and Bone Artefacts from Maszycka Cave (Southern Poland). New Signals from a Late Upper Palaeolithic Key Site2022 •
The well-known Late Upper Palaeolithic cave site of Maszycka (southern Poland), excavated in the end of the nineteenth century as well as in the 1960s, furnished a collection of 89 osseous artefacts manufactured from cervid antler, mammoth ivory, and mammal long bone. The great majority are finished tools, mostly projectile points, while raw material blocks, pre-forms, and production waste are represented by only a few pieces. Based on the presence of the characteristic double-split antler tools, distinct projectile morphologies, and recurring ornaments, the assemblage from Maszycka can be assigned to the early Middle Magdalenian facies à navettes which dates to around 19-17.5 ka cal. BP. Compared to the western European sites, which also belong to this facies, Maszycka is characterised by a high proportion of ivory tools, reflecting the abundance of this favourable raw material in eastern central Europe, as well as an unusually high proportion of decorated tools, which may relate to an increased need for symbolic communication within the small and geographically isolated Magdalenian group. Both the remarkable typo-technological similarities of the bone industry from Maszycka to contemporary assemblages in France and the gap in the central European archaeological record between 22 and 19 ka cal. BP speak in favour of a direct immigration of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers from western Europe immediately after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Their relations to the bearers of the Epigravettian adjacent to the east and south remain to date poorly understood.
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