1 MUSEUM OF CYCLADIC ART ATHENS 2021 2 Copyright © 2021 Museum of Cycladic Art — Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, republished or reprinted in whole or in part, including texts and illustrations, in any form without written permission by the editors and publishers. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders of the images reproduced. Any error or omission is inadvertent and will be corrected in future editions. ISBN: 978—618—5060—41—1 3 KALLOS The Ultimate Beauty EDITED BY NIKOLAOS CHR. STAMPOLIDIS – IOANNIS D. FAPPAS 4 WITH THE SUPPORT OF: SPONSORS Official Air Carrier Sponsor Legal Advisors Transportation Sponsors Product Sponsor Hospitality Sponsor 5 6 7 EXHIBITION General supervision - coordination Professor Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis Curatorship Professor Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis Dr Ioannis D. Fappas Museological study Professor Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis Dr Ioannis D. Fappas Architectural design Museographical design: Despoina Tsafou Spatial design: ΑΚΑ Apostolou Colakis architects Lighting design ASlight (Anna Sbokou, Katia Milia) Collaboration on the implementation of the Exhibition Yorgos Tassoulas Ioulia Lourentzatou Communication with Italy and Vatican Dr Mariangela Ielo Executive direction Evgenia Christodoulakos Financial management Athanasios Masouras Educational programmes Marina Plati Eleni Markou Mounting of antiquities Christos Stefanidis Dimitris Lafazanos Irini Panagioti Exhibition constructions Manos Lignos Painting Ioannis Gioulountas Transportation Moveart (Greece) Cooperativa Archeologica ARA (Italy and Vatican) Translations Alexandra Doumas Visual identity BEND Printings Κ. Bezerianos & Co. Secretarial and technical assistance Barbara Karpodini Vangelis Vrailas Communication Giorgos Karabelas Lida Karanikolou Christina Koratzani Maria Malichoutsaki Stella Tsagkaraki CATALOGUE Edited by Prof. Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis – Dr Ioannis D. Fappas Graphic design BEND Collaboration Yorgos Tassoulas Ioulia Lourentzatou Dr Mariangela Ielo Image cropping Nikolaos Zafeiropoulos Translations Alexandra Doumas Proofreading Maria Basagianni Marietta Kypriotaki Maria-Paraskevi Louka Metaxia Routsi Printing G. Kostopoulos Printing House 8 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PARTICIPATING MUSEUMS, EPHORATES OF ANTIQUITIES AND COLLECTIONS Greece Athens, National Archaeological Museum Athens, Acropolis Museum Archaeological Museum of Herakleion Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki Ephorate of Antiquities of Achaia: Archaeological Museum of Patras Ephorate of Antiquities of Aitoloakarnania and Lefkada: Archaeological Museum of Agrinion, Archaeological Museum of Lefkada, Archaeological Museum of Thermos, Xenokrateion Archaeological Museum of Mesolongi Ephorate of Antiquities of Arcadia: Archaeological Museum of Astros Ephorate of Antiquities of Argolid: Archaeological Museum of Mycenae, Archaeological Museum of Nafplion Ephorate of Antiquities of Arta: Archaeological Museum of Arta Ephorate of Antiquities of Boeotia: Archaeological Museum of Thebes Ephorate of Antiquities of Chalkidice and Mount Athos: Archaeological Museum of Polygyros Ephorate of Antiquities of Chios: Archaeological Museum of Chios Ephorate of Antiquities of City of Athens: Museum of Ancient Agora, Museum of Kerameikos Ephorate of Antiquities of City of Thessaloniki Ephorate of Antiquities of Corinthia: Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth, Archaeological Museum of Sikyon Ephorate of Antiquities of Dodecanese: Archaeological Museum of Rhodes, Permanent Archaeological Exhibition in the Palace of the Grand Master Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica: Archaeological Museum of Brauron, Archaeological Museum of Marathon Ephorate of Antiquities of Eleia: Archaeological Museum of Olympia, Museum of the History of the Ancient Olympic Games, Archaeological Museum of Pyrgos Ephorate of Antiquities of Euboea: Archaeological Museum of Chalkida, Archaeological Museum of Eretria Ephorate of Antiquities of Evros: Archaeological Museum of Alexandroupolis Ephorate of Antiquities of Herakleion Ephorate of Antiquities of Hemathia: Archaeological Museum of Veria Ephorate of Antiquities of Ioannina: Archaeological Museum of Ioannina Ephorate of Antiquities of Kavala: Archaeological Museum of Kavala, Archaeological Museum of Thasos Ephorate of Antiquities of Larissa: Diachronic Museum of Larissa Ephorate of Antiquities of Messenia: Museum of Ancient Messene, Archaeological Museum of Pylos Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella: Archaeological Museum of Pella Ephorate of Antiquities of Phokis: Archaeological Museum of Amphissa, Archaeological Museum of Delphi Ephorate of Antiquities of Phthiotis and Evrytania: Archaeological Museum of Atalanti, Archaeological Museum of Lamia Ephorate of Antiquities of Pieria: Archaeological Museum of Dion Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and Islands: Archaeological Museum of Piraeus Ephorate of Antiquities of Rethymnon: Museum of ancient Eleutherna, Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon Ephorate of Antiquities of Rhodopi: Archaeological Museum of Komotini Ephorate of Antiquities of Samos – Ikaria: Archaeological Museum of Vathy, Archaeological Museum of Pythagoreion Ephorate of Antiquities of Serres: Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis Ephorate of Antiquities of Thessaloniki Region Ephorate of Antiquities of Xanthi: Archaeological Museum of Abdera Athens, Paul and Alexandra Kanellopoulos Museum Athens, Benaki Museum Athens, Museum of Cycladic Art Euxine Association of Pontians of Naoussa Athens, Private Collection of V. Chronis Italy Bologna, Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna Catania, Museo Civico di Castello Ursino Chiusi, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Firenze, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Napoli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Ostia, Parco Archeologico Nazionale di Ostia Antica Roma, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia Siracusa, Museo Archeologico Regionale Paolo Orsi Venezia, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Vatican Vaticano, Musei Vaticani – Museo Gregoriano Etrusco We thank also all the Ephorates of Antiquities which we visited and selected objects from, even though, in the end, the participation of these pieces in the Exhibition was not possible. 10 AUTHORS OF INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS * AUTHORS OF CATALOGUE ENTRIES * Dimitra Aktseli Ioannis D. Fappas Vassilis Kalfas Eurydice Kefalidou David Konstan Angeliki Kottaridi Eleni Manakidou Gregory Nagy Irini Papageorgiou Adrian Stähli Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis Panagiotis Tselekas Philipp Walter Dimitra Aktseli Georgia Alexopoulou Victoria Allamani-Souri Constantinos Antonopoulos Agni Apostolidou Athanasios Arkoumanis Sappho Athanasopoulou Eleni Sp. Banou Leonidas Bournias Floriana Cappadonna Alexandra Charami Irini Charitaki Panagiotis Ι. Chatzidakis Alexandra Chatzipanagiotou Kyriaki G. Chatziprokopiou Maria Chidiroglou Maria Chrysaphi Anastasia Chrysostomou Pavlos Chrysostomou Stavroula Dadaki Vassiliki Daiaki Stamatia Eleftheratou Ypatia Faklari Stamatios A. Fritzilas Eleni Froussou Kalliopi E. Galanaki Styliana Galiniki Cristina Genovese Frangoula Georma Maria Giannopoulou Nicoletta Giordani Ioannis Graikos Maria Paola Guidobaldi Sophie Iliopoulou Mario Iozzo Raphaël Jacob Kyriaki Kalliga Constantina Kallintzi Evdoxia Kalpatsinidou Eriphyli Kaninia Andromachi Kapetanopoulou Effie Karantzali Anna Vassiliki Karapanagiotou Panagiota Kassimi Stella Katakouta Ioulia K. Katsadima Yorgos G. Kavvadias Anastasios Keramaris Ariadni Klonizaki Erophili-Iris Kolia Theodora Kontogianni Danai Z. Kontopodi Angeliki Kossyva Angeliki Koukouvou Petros Kounouklas Angeliki Kouveli Maria Kylaphi Theodosios Kyriakidis Olga Kyriazi Maria Kyrimi Dimitra-Maria Lala Evridiki Leka * in alphabetical order 11 PHOTOGRAPHERS OF ANTIQUITIES * Christos Liagouras Maria Liaska Maria Lilimpaki-Akamati Asterios Lioutas Ioulia Lourentzatou Penelope Malama Irini Manoli Marinella Marchesi Laura Minarini Giuseppina Monterosso Ioannis Moschos Olympia Nassioka Maria Niarou Dimitra Oikonomou Effie Oikonomou Nomiki Palaiokrassa Constantina Panoussi Athina Papadaki Evi Papadopoulou Varvara Ν. Papadopoulou Vanta Papaefthymiou Irini Papageorgiou Eleni Papagianni Vassiliki Papamichalopoulou Aristea Papastathopoulou Vassileios Papathanasiou Maria Pateraki Vassiliki Patsiada Irini Pervolaraki Katerina Petrou Vassiliki Pliatsika Soultana Protopsalti Athanasia Psalti Nikoletta Pylarinou Maurizio Sannibale Photeini Saranti Paolo Daniele Scirpo Eleftheria Serbeti Kleanthis Sidiropoulos Dimitris S. Sourlas Georgios Spyropoulos Georgios Stamatis Maria Α. Stampouloglou Alexandra Syrogianni Vassilis Tassinos Yorgos Tassoulas Philitsa Tileli Maria Tolia-Christakou Marilena-Chryssoula Tsakoumaki Evangelia Tsangaraki Despoina Tsardaka Anthoula Tsaroucha Elisavet Tsigarida Kleio Tsoga Athanasia Tsoka Chrysanthi Tsouli Fabrizio Vallelonga Aristidis Vassios Olympia Vikatou Anna Vlachaki Portokalenia Vratsali-Kantzia Paraskevi Yiouni Meropi Ziogana Yannis Asvestas Eleni Bardani Mauro Benedetti Yorgos Dallas Alexis Efstathopoulos Yorgos Fafalis Eleftherios Galanopoulos Antonino Giordano Adriano Guastaldi Yorgos Kassiotis Yannis Koulelis Orestis Kourakis Defkalion Manidakis Yorgos Maravelias Georgios Markianos Craig Mauzy Sokratis Mavrommatis Achilleas Menos Irini Miari Ioannis Oikonomou Ioannis Papadakis-Ploumidis Yannis Patrikianos Andreas Santrouzanos Gerasimos Skiadaresis Eleni Stefanidi Stephanos Stournaras Georgios Terzis Vangelis Tsiamis Panagiotis Tsingulis Thomas Tsimpris Costas Xenikakis Constantinos Ypsilos Michalis Zorias We also thank warmly the interns Ioannis Papachlimintzos (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); Dimitrios Logothetis (University of Crete); Suzanne Paszkowski, Jack McLaughlin, Greta Galeotti (Harvard University); Alix Galumbeck, Alex Stern, Mira Yuan (Bryn Mawr College). Indicative map of participating museums. 14 17 FOREWORDS 25 PREFACE N. Chr. Stampolidis 31 INTRODUCTION AND GUIDE TO THE EXHIBITION N. Chr. Stampolidis INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS 89 KALLOS 1. Peri Kállous, or On Beauty D. Konstan 107 2. Kállos and early Greek poetry N. Chr. Stampolidis 137 3. Kállos in Plato V. Kalfas 149 4. The eternal beauty of the human figure on Attic vases: ‘Kaloi’ (kalos and kale) inscriptions E. Manakidou 165 5. About heroic beauty Gr. Nagy 173 6. The concept of beauty in ancient Greek athletics: Texts and images from the Geometric to the Classical period E. Kefalidou 203 7. Female beauty and ancient art: Divine – Tamed – Triumphant A. Kottaridi 241 8. Male beauty and power: Cases of handsome leaders in Classical and Hellenistic times P. Tselekas 15 Table of Contents 259 BEAUTIFICATION 9. Naked women bathing A. Stähli 277 10. Adorning the body: hairstyle, dress, jewellery I. Papageorgiou 295 11. Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases: their uses in everyday and religious life during Archaic and Classical times D. Aktseli – E. Manakidou 317 12. Making materials for beauty in Ancient Greece Ph. Walter 327 13. Beautification and Beauty: the legacy of prehistory to the historical times of Greek Antiquity I. D. Fappas CATALOGUE OF ANTIQUITIES 347 361 389 403 417 433 457 473 491 509 531 KALLOS Introduction Divine beauty Divine beauty contests Daemonic beauty Abductions of beauty and erotic encounters Archaic and Classical/Hellenistic beauty Kallos of mortals Athletic beauty Heroic beauty ʻKaloi’ and ʻKalai’ in antiquity Timely beauty, untimely death 541 561 599 643 683 BEAUTIFICATION The bath Use of perfumes and unguents Face and body care Hairstyles and dress Adornment 733 BIBLIOGRAPHY 295 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases: their uses in everyday and religious life during Archaic and Classical times * Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou The rich vocabulary relating to cleanliness, cosmetics, aromatic raw materials and their derivatives attests the importance that the corresponding activities have in various sectors of everyday as well as religious life, as manifestation of cultural sophistication. In particular, mýra (μύρα), the generic Greek term for essential oils and other composite aromatic substances, were in antiquity necessary just as much for medicinal and cultic purposes as for bodily care. In addition to the pharmaceutical uses of aromatic plants, much information is available on their contribution to the male and female toilette, as the ancient Greeks – like people today – attached great importance to their outward appearance. Already the earliest extant monuments of Greek Letters, the Homeric epics, are full of expressions and words relating to personal care1. However, the references to aromatic plants of every kind are relatively limited2, even though several such plants were widely known, as evidenced by their derivative aromatic oils3, which were used on diverse occasions. Indicative too is the terminology relating to the use of perfumes which is to be found in the epics. A distinction is made between perfumes in liquid state (ἔλαιον = ‘oil’)4 and others in more viscous or semi-solid form (ἄλειφαρ, ἀλοιφή = ‘ointment, unguent’)5. The corresponding verbs are χρίω 6 and ἀλείφω7 both translated by A. T. Murray as ‘to anoint’, while encountered once is χυτλόεσθαι 8, translated as ‘for the bath’, meaning for smearing on the wet body. Scented hair, cheeks, and feet are frequently praised9, which are called λιπαρά10, translated as ‘bright’, ‘shining’ or ‘sleek’ but meaning ‘perfumed’. Aromatic oils are described as εὐώδη (‘fragrant’)11, and ἐννέωρον (‘nine-year-old’)12, with which Patroclus was “anointed … richly”, perhaps denoting that this fragrant unguent was aged and therefore of great value. For the perfume vase the term λήκυθος is used by Homer13, the familiar lekythos of the succeeding centuries. The practice of applying aromatic oil to the body is linked very often with taking a bath, which was of special significance for the Homeric heroes and indeed in the world of Odysseus14. It was an essential procedure that complemented the rite of washing the body, whether this was for reasons of personal hygiene and relaxation, or for ceremonial 1 Adrados 1964, 141 ff.; Grillet 1975, 90; Laser 1983, 138 ff.; Faure 1987, 150 ff.; Paszthory 1990, 43 ff.; Weber 1996, 11 ff.; Λιβέρη 2001, 63-67. 2 Referred to are the hyacinth (Iliad, XIV 348), galingale (Iliad, XXI 351; Odyssey iv 603), tamarisk (Iliad, VI 39; X 467; XXI 18). Also, Eos (Dawn) is praised as ‘saffron-robed’ (κροκόπεπλος) (Iliad, VIII 1) and ‘rosy-fingered’ (ροδοδάκτυλος) (Iliad, VI 175; Odyssey, ii 1). 3 We know ‘rose-scented oil’ (ροδόεν ἔλαιον) (Iliad, XXIII 186), ‘divine ambrosia’ (ἀμβροσίη) (Iliad, XVI 670 and XVII 351) or ‘oil ambrosial’ (ἄμβροτον ἔλαιον) (Iliad, XIV 171-172; Odyssey, viii 364-365). Cf. also: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 61-62; D’Acunto 2012, 194-196. 4 Odyssey, x 358 ff. 5 Odyssey, xxiv 45 and 72. 6 Odyssey, x 364. 7 Odyssey, xii 177. 8 Odyssey, vi 80. 9 Odyssey, xv 332 and xvii 410. 10 Iliad, II 44; Odyssey, ii 4. 11 Odyssey, ii 339. 12 Iliad, XVIII 351. 13 Odyssey, vi 79. 14 Odyssey, iii 466; iv 49 and 252; vi 96; viii 445; x 450; xvii 88; xviii 172; xix 505; but also in the Iliad, X 577. Cf. Hesiod, Works and Days 522-523. The typical expression is “bathing and anointing with oil”. 296 297 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases reasons, such as the bathing of the deceased before the burial15. In rhapsody XXIII of the Iliad, Achilles explicitly orders that the body of the slain Patroclus be washed and anointed with precious perfumes. He himself places on the funeral pyre of his bosom friend vases filled with honey and oils16. Certainly, the greater frequency of descriptions of the bath and the toilette in the peaceful world of the later Odyssey is a clear indication of the increase in use, and therefore the wider circulation, of aromatic oils and other cosmetic substances, from the seventh century BC onward. In fact, the first textual testimony of the word μύρον (mýron) dates from the second half of the seventh century BC, in the work of the poet Archilochus of Paros17. At about the same period, and mainly during the sixth century BC, there is a proliferation of references to famous and exotic perfumes, with which the Greek colonists of Ionia and the Aeolis in Asia Minor first became acquainted, when they came into contact with their eastern neighbours, such as the Lydians, Syrians, and Phoenicians. Celebrated poets of Archaic times, such as Sappho, Alcman, Alcaeus, Simonides of Amorgos, and Hipponax of Ephesus18, praise the delicate and intoxicating fragrance of these precious perfumes, the most renowned of which will be discussed below. From the East (Arabia, Indies, North Africa), the rare aromatic raw materials quickly passed also into mainland Greece19, where they were the base for preparing complex perfumes and cosmetics, which were widely diffused among the male and the female population of the Greek cities. Indeed, to such a degree that in Athens as early as Solon’s day, ca. 594 BC, a law was passed banning their sale and use by men20, while from an early date a stricter and more generalized prohibition was imposed in conservative Sparta too21. Archaeological finds come to confirm the literary tradition. Among the grave goods accompanying Early Archaic burials of the seventh century BC in mainland and island Greece (Corinth, Laconia, Attica, Cyclades, Crete, East Aegean islands), as well as in the newly-founded colonies of Magna Graecia (South Italy and Sicily) abundant are the miniature clay perfume flasks which are conventionally named aryballoi22, in several variations of the shape [cat. no. 159]. These, together with the clay alabastra23, made the pottery workshops of Corinth famous and found imitators in many regions. Another popular vase of the Corinthian pottery repertoire, and which was intended for perfumed ointments and pomades, is the exaleiptron24, which was widely disseminated and copied. Perfume flasks 15 Andronikos 1968, 2, 23 ff. 16 Iliad, XXIII 170-171. 17 West 1971, frag. 205 (in Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 688c). Also, in the slightly later Alcaeus (Lobel – Page 1955, B 18.1, frag. 50, Ζ 39.3, frag. 362) and Simonides (West 1971, frag. 7,64). 18 Poetical references to the variety and diffusion of perfumes in the Archaic period are collected in Faure 1987, 158 ff. and Grillet 1975, 92. 19 Faure 1987, 185 ff.; Λιβέρη 2001, 71-72. 20 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 687a. 21 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 686f. 22 Amyx 1988, 437, 440 ff.; Hommel 1978, 27-29; Neeft 1987; Ure 1934, 22 ff.; Wallenstein 1972; Lambrugo 2008; Algrain et al. 2008, 157-164; Lambrugo 2013. 23 Amyx 1988, 439 ff.; Angermeier 1936; Kanowski 1984, 15; Mauermayer 1985; Luchtenberg 2003; Badinou 2003; D’Acunto 2012, 211-214; Algrain 2014. 24 Amyx 1988, 470 ff.; Scheibler 1964; Scheibler 1968; Kanowski 1984, 33 ff.; Rodríguez-Pérez 2016. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou 298 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3β Fig. 3α 299 Fig. 1 Perfume vase in the form of a bird (perhaps a goose). Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki 8234. © Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports/Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki/ H.O.C.RE.D. Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases modelled in the form of human heads, animals (entire or protomes) and objects (such as footwear, fruits)25 appeared too, making the vessel with its expensive content even more attractive [fig. 1]. These last, as well as the alabastra, were already known from trade with the East (Egypt, Levant – Syro-Palestinian littoral zone) and indeed in more precious materials, such as alabaster, faience [fig. 2, cat. no. 162], glass paste, and even marble26 – all “cold” and thus suitable for keeping vulnerable perfumes27. A little later, in the early sixth century BC, lekythoi28 were included in the Corinthian repertoire, under the influence of models from the East (e.g. Lydia) and East Greece (e.g. Samos). Fig. 2 Faience aryballos with head of Herakles and bull. Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum Antikensammlung L 153. © Martin von Wagner Museum Antikensammlung. Generally speaking, the Corinthian potters’ acceptance and remodeling of a series of perfume flasks from the East to meet local Greek needs, alongside the invention of other shapes and the widespread circulation of these products in the markets of the then-known world, bear witness to Corinth’s domination in the trade and perhaps also partly in the production of costly perfumes. The monopoly of Corinth was broken from the sixth century BC by Athens, whose vases and other products henceforth held sway in the foreign markets. The Athenian potters adopted – at first copying to a degree – the well-known shapes of perfume flasks, the most popular of which is named conventionally lekythos29. The diverse varieties of Attic lekythoi, in both the black-figure and the red-figure style, are indicative of the prominence this shape enjoyed as a container for safekeeping local and imported perfumes. Perfumes and essential oils Of the host of essential oils that circulated widely in the ancient Greek world, it is possible to discuss here only some of the most widely distributed. One of the best-known and most common was hírinon (ἵρινον)30 which is produced from irises (of the Iridaceae family) and specifically from their rhizomes, which, when cut, were strung on twine and hung in a shady place to dry. Irises are named after the divine messenger Iris and are abundant in Illyria, the Adriatic coasts, and Macedonia. Their varicoloured flowers are associated with the rainbow, via which the goddess Iris accompanied the souls of the dead to the land of eternal rest. That is why irises (that is, lilies) are chosen even today for bedecking graves, because it is believed that with their vivid hues and delicate perfume they point the way to paradise. Hírinon was a relatively easy perfume to prepare, with simple ingredients and a fragrance that improved over times and with the addition of olive oil or oil of Egyptian oak (Balanites aegyptiaca)31. Painted on the rim of a sparely decorated Attic black-figured lekythos by the Diosphos Painter is the inscription ΗΙΡΙΝΟΝ [fig. 3 and cat. no. 145]32, offering an important testimony of the kind of vases in which this relatively inexpensive perfume so popular in Attica was kept. Fig. 3a-b Black-figured lekythos by the Diosphos Painter. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 12271. © Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports/National Archaeological Museum/H.O.C.RE.D. Photograph: Irini Miari. 25 Ducat 1966; Hornbostel 1980, 29 ff.; Massar 2008, 97-100; Lambrugo 2013; Böhm 2014. Investigation of the content of perfume vases using the technique of gas chromatography (Gerhardt et. al. 1990; Biers et. al. 1994). 26 Faience vases (Webb 1978; Hill 1976). Marble perfume vases (True – Hamma 1994, 106-107, no. 46). 27 Theophrastus in his work De Odoribus (40-41) recommends keeping perfumes in shady and cool spaces, as well as in lead or alabaster vessels, because “both lead and this stone are cold and dense” (ψυχρόν γάρ καὶ πυκνόν καὶ ὁ μόλυβδος καὶ ὁ λίθος τοιοῦτος). A similar remark is made by Pliny, Naturalis Historia XIII 19. 28 Amyx 1988, 499-500; Ure 1934, 23 ff. 29 Haspels 1936; Kanowski 1984, 95 ff.; Noble 1988, 65 ff.; Algrain et al. 2008, 147-152; D’Acunto 2012, 222226. 30 RE IX.2 (1916) 2043 ff., s.v. Iris (R. E. Stadler); Murr 1890, 245 ff.; Haspels 1936, 124, note 2; Baumann 1982, 65; Baumann 2007, 45, 47; D’Acunto 2012, 210. 31 Theophrastus, De Odoribus 24, 28, 36; Dioscorides, De Materia Medica Ι 56W. 32 Athens, National Archaeological Museum 12271: BAPD 6038; Haspels 1936, 124-125, pl. 37,2. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou Particularly popular too was nárdon (νάρδον) or nárdinon mýron (νάρδινον μύρον)33 which was extracted from the root of the plant Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi Jones of the Valerianaceae family). It has a delicate fragrance and keeps for a long time34 and the best was produced at Tarsus in Cilicia35. Apart from being an essential accessory of the female toilette36, nárdon was used for perfuming wine at symposia37 and for making aromatic pastilles, rhodídes, which scented the breath38. The initials of the word ΝΑΡ are preserved on an alabastron of alabaster found in a Greek tomb at Abusir in Egypt39. Imported from the East and as highly prized as it was priced, was the essential oil from the myrrh bush (σμύρνα), the so-called staktḗ (στακτή)40, which the Greeks got to know in Asia Minor, from where it passed to mainland Greece. This is actually the resin of the myrrh bush (of the Burseraceae family) which is native to southern Arabia, Erythraea, and northern Ethiopia (former Abyssinia). The name staktḗ denotes the way in which the perfume is produced, as it comes from the dripping (Gr. “stáximo”) of the precious myrrh resin when the plant and its branches are scored. It was harvested on the hottest days of the year and over quite a long time. Staktḗ is a treacly perfume with heavy odor, somewhat bitter and pungent, and was considered pleasantly fragrant and luxurious. Its use led to abuse, as result of which it was banned by law from the time of Solon. For Greek perfume-makers it was a raw material for liquid perfumes, unguents, pastilles, incense, and even aromatic wines41. Frequently oil of myrrh was an additive to improve the quality and the aroma of other simpler and cheaper oils, such as of myrtle and laurel (bay). It was also used together with other essential oils as an ingredient of various composite perfumes, such as with nard/spikenard (νάρδινον), cinnamon (κιννάμωμον), cypress (κύπρινον) and Mendesian oil (μενδέσιον). Related to the myrrh bush is the Arabian balsam tree Balsamodendro gileadense, from which comes the king of perfumes, balm or balsam of Gilead (βάλσαμον) or opobalsam (οποβάλσαμον)42. The plant thrives in Arabia and the Levant and was highly prized for both its cosmetic and therapeutic uses. It was said that one drop of balsam was enough to perfume a whole room. As this was an expensive and rare raw material, it was used as an essence (ἥδυσμα) – that is, as a constituent of other perfumes like nard, almond oil, and others. 33 RE XVI.2 (1935) 1705 ff., s.v. Nardus (A. Steier); Haspels 1936, 125, note 4; Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 58, 65; Faure 1987, 296-297. 34 Theophrastus, De Odoribus 38. 35 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 688e. 36 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae V 195d; Polybius, Historiae XXXI 4,2. 37 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 688d. 38 Dioscorides, De Materia Medica 99,3. 39 Haspels 1936, 125; Algrain 2014, 197. 40 RE XVI.1 (1933) 1134 ff., s.v. Myrrha (A. Steier); Murr 1890, 76 ff.; Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 64; Faure 1987, 295-296. 41 Pliny, Naturalis Historia XIV 107. 42 Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants IX 6, 1-4; RE II.2 (1896), 2836 ff., s.v. Balsambaum (P. Wagler); RE XVIII.1 (1939), 691 ff., s.v. Opobalsamon (A. Steier); Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 59. 300 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases 301 The most widely diffused perfume in Lydia and synonymous with the residents of its capital Sardis, who were “addicted to the use of unguents”43, was bákkaris (βάκκαρις) an unguent made from hazelwort oil (ἔλαιον βακκάριον)44, which should be identified with the exotic ‘flowery perfume’ (μύρον βρένθειον) of Sappho 45 and is attested in solid and liquid form. It was produced from the root of the purple-flowered clary or clary sage plant (Salvia sclarea L.), which flourishes in Egypt and the Levant. Bákkaris was kept and traded in special perfume flasks, the lydia, most of which were of marble 46. However, the perfume’s diffusion beyond the geographical borders of Lydia is attested by the clay imitations of these vases from various pottery workshops of the ancient world47 [fig. 4, cat. no. 152], in Ionia, Attica, Sicily and South Italy, as in Sybaris, a city famed for the prosperity and opulent – “sybaritic” – lifestyle of its residents). However, there were other vase-shapes as well, such as a category of Lydian lekythoi48 [fig. 5] which too were copied in other regions (Samos, Athens, colonies of Magna Graecia). Among the commonest and relatively inexpensive perfumes was fenugreek oil (τήλινον ἔλαιον)49, renowned for its “sweet and smooth” scent. This was produced by crushing the seeds of the fenugreek plant (Trigonella fenum-graecum of the Leguminosae family), also known as Greek hay (fenumgraecum). Although it originates from eastern India, it is encountered wild – even today – on the rocky and thin-soiled ground of Attica, such as on Mount Hymettus and elsewhere. From the plant’s presence in the Attic countryside, it is reasonable to assume that the corresponding perfume was produced in Athens itself. Indeed, it seems that the Athenians esteemed it highly, not only for cosmetic but also for medicinal purposes, as well as dietary. Fig. 4 Ionian lydion. Geneva, Musées d’Art et d’Histoire 24901. © Musées d’Art et d’Histoire, Ville de Genève. Fig. 5 Lydian lekythos. Atlanta, Michael C. Carlos Museum 2008.007.001. © Michael C. Carlos Museum. Fig. 4 Fig. 5 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 691d. RE II.2 (1896), 2803 ff., s.v. Βάκκαρις (P. Wagler); Murr 1890, 234; Faure 1987, 289 ff. Sappho, frag. 94, 18. Greenewalt 1966; Wrigley 2011. Kanowski 1984, 150; Bottini 1996, 138 ff., pls 31-32; Wrigley 2011. De la Genière 1984; D’Acunto 2012, 219-220. RE V A.1 (1934), 401 ff., s.v. Telis (A. Steier); Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 57. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou Other common essential oils were mýrtinon mýron (μύρτινον μύρον)50 prepared from the leaves and berries of myrtle, rhódinon mýron (ρόδινον μύρον) from rose petals51, while attested epigraphically – on alabastra – are cinnamon or cassia 52 which was produced from Cinnamomum cassia bark, kýpros (κύπρος) or kýprinon mýron (κύπρινον μύρον)53 made from the flowers of the henna tree (Lawsonia intermis L.) and kýpairos (κύπαιρος - κύπειρος) which is galingale (Cyperus longus) or nut grass/nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), the kyperos known also in pre-Hellenic times54. However, equally widespread were other composite perfumes, such as Aegyption, megaleion, and plangonion 55. Perfume-vases and their uses on the basis of Attic vase-painting Study of the vases in which diverse perfumes were kept during the Archaic and Classical periods, and examination of their special uses, are based largely on the visual wealth of Attic vase-painting. In antiquity the word lekythos (λήκυθος) was used generally for various perfume vases, such as those conventionally named aryballoi56, as well as lekythoi (in plural). It refers, therefore, more to the specific use of the vases, namely for keeping aromatic oils, as is aptly pointed out also by the ancient commentator on Aristophanes’ Plutus57, where the lekythos is qualified as ‘for oil’ (ἐλαιηρά) and ‘for perfume’ (μυρηρά). 302 Fig. 6 Red-figured kylix of Peithinos. Berlin, Staatliche Museen Antikensammlung F 2279. © SMB/Antikensammlung. Photograph: Johannes Laurentius. Fig. 7 Red-figured pelike by the Syriskos Painter. Berlin, Staatliche Museen Antikensammlung I. 4496. © SMB/Antikensammlung. Photograph: Johannes Laurentius. The most frequent depictions of perfume vases are, respectively, for the aryballoi the male preserves of the palaestra and the gymnasium, and for the alabastra, lekythoi, and plemochoae mainly the women’s quarters (gynaikeion, gynaikonites) of the house, but also the cemeteries. In most cases, aryballoi full of perfumed oil are depicted together with strigils and sponges [fig. 6]58, as essential accessories of youthful athletes and are very frequent mainly on early Attic red-figured vases (late 6th - early 5th century BC). The importance of perfumes and perfume vases in the women’s world is revealed by their numerous representations, mainly during the fifth century BC, in moments of daily life in the gynaikonites [fig. 7], in the bath and the toilette59, as well as in the ceremonial of marriage60. In scenes of bedecking the bride or among the gifts offered to the couple on the day after the wedding, the epaulia 61, alabastra, and small pointed-base amphorae – often of glass – full of precious essential oils, and plemochoae62 containing viscous aromatic unguents (diapasma, ‘scented powder’, and cataplasms, ‘poultices’) have pride of place. The depiction of the said vases together with female figures is in itself sufficient to denote the familiar milieu of the home. Fig. 8 Black-figured amphora by the Priam Painter. Rome, Museo Etrusco di Villa Giulia 2609 (106463). © Museo Etrusco di Villa Giulia. 50 RE XVI.1 (1933), 1171 ff., s.v. Myrtos (A. Steier); Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 64; Murr 1890, 84 ff. 51 Theophrastus, De Odoribus, 25, 45-47; Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 65; Murr 1890, 78 ff.; Faure 1987, 135137. 52 Theophrastus, On the History of Plants IX 5; RE III.2 (1899), 1637 ff., s.v. Casia (F. Olck); Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 60; Faure 1987, 291 ff. 53 Theophrastus, De Odoribus 25-26; Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 56, 61 ff. 54 Rossi-Osmida – Donato 1986, 61; Murr 1890, 194; Faure 1987, 137. 55 Enumeration of complex perfumes in Simonides of Amorgos (West 1971, no. 16). Also, Theophrastus, De Odoribus 28-30; Faure 1987, 176-177; Squillace 2012, 250-256. 56 As on the aryballos signed by Douris, Athens, National Archaeological Museum 15375: BAPD 205321. See also Algrain 2014, 10, note 6. 57 Aristophanes, Plutus 810. 58 Bruckner 1954; Gericke 1970, 75 ff.; Haspels 1927-1928, 216; Noble 1988, 68. 59 Kunze-Götte 1957; Gericke 1970, 72 ff.; Sutton 1981, 332 ff.; Lissarrague 1995; Algrain 2014, 154-170. 60 Oakley – Sinos 1993; Oakley 1995; Bodiou – Mehl 2008, 167-170. 61 Schweitzer 1961; Oakley – Sinos 1993, 38. 62 Scheibler 1964; Brommer 1980; Noble 1988, 70. The preparation of special unguents is described by Theophrastus, De Odoribus 57-58. Fig. 9 Red-figured stamnos of Polygnotos. Munich, Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2411. © Staatliche Antikensammlungen. Fig. 10 White lekythos by the Bosanquet Painter. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1935. © Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports/National Archaeological Museum/H.O.C.RE.D. Rollout: Giannis Patrikianos. 303 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou Perfumes were essential for the procedure of taking a bath, creating a sense of well-being and relaxation in the bathers63. The cleansed body was smeared with oils and unguents which helped preserve its suppleness and freshness. In a scene that is unique in many ways, on a black-figured amphora by the Priam Painter [fig. 8]64, young women swim or bathe in the waters of a pond or cistern. Of interest are the aryballoi hanging from the branches of the trees, which together with the sponges were used for personal care, and from their depiction in this female company we deduce that their use was not confined exclusively to men, as is generally believed. The scene on a red-figured stamnos of the Polygnotos Group, in Munich [fig. 9]65, ca. 440 BC, shows the manner of using the perfume from the alabastron which hangs from the wrist of the middle bather behind a large louterion. With a little rod she has taken out a little of the content and perfumes her freshly washed hair. Perfumes were of prime importance in the laying out of the dead for burial66. The washing, perfuming, and bedecking of the corpse took place in the house and was done exclusively by those women of the family who were over sixty years old. The deceased was placed on the bier in the middle of a room and broken twigs of the vine or origanum were spread below. The scenes on Attic white-ground lekythoi [cat. no. 182]67, vases that were essentially for funerary purpose, often feature various types of lekythoi that were offered as grave goods to the dead or were used with their precious content to make libations over the grave in honour of the dead. Frequently, for economy, inside the lekythoi there was a much smaller bulb-shaped vial [cat. no. 183]68, which was filled with the aromatic oil. Visitors to the graves brought lekythoi there in baskets, along with other mortuary offerings (such as eggs, fruits and nuts, ribbons, wreaths), or they placed the lekythoi together with other vases and votive offerings upon the steps of the grave stelai [fig. 10]. In addition to lekythoi, alabastra and plemochoae69, equally common gifts to the dead loved ones, are also depicted in burial scenes. The same vases often accompanied the dead as grave goods in the tomb, perfuming it70. 63 Very enlightening about the relationship between bathing and relaxing and the toilette is the analytical study by Ginouvès 1962. See also Weber 1996. 64 Rome, Museo Etrusco di Villa Giulia 2609: BAPD 351080; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 241, fig. 15. Unusual too is the scene on a red-figured column krater in Bari, Museo Archeologico Provinciale 4979: BAPD 202270, where the women are washing themselves obviously after exercising. 65 Munich, Antikensammlungen 2411: BAPD 213649; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 238, fig. 9; Algrain 2014, 154, fig. 95. Cf. the bathing female on a red-figured lekythos by the Bowdoin Painter, in Cracow, Mus. Czartoryski 605: BAPD 208066. 66 Kurtz – Boardman 1971, 142; Algrain et. al. 2008, 170-173; Algrain 2014, 173-184. 67 Fairbanks 1907; Fairbanks 1914; Gericke 1970, 78-79; Kurtz – Boardman 1971, 102 ff.; Oakley 2004; Ακτσελή 2016; Γαρυφαλλόπουλος 2019. 68 Noble 1988, 68; Oakley 2004, 7, figs 2, 8. 69 Gericke 1970, 82 ff.; Kurtz – Boardman 1971, 100 ff. 209; Algrain 2014, 173-178. 70 Preserved in a Corinthian exaleiptron found in a grave in ancient Smyrna were residues of its content, which, according to the excavators, spread a sweet fragrance of vanilla when it was being brought to light (Anderson 1958-1959, 193, no. 78, pl. 23). 304 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases 305 Ritual performances Incense71, a fragrant resin, also known as frankincense (Boswellia serrata), was the principal aromatic plant – together with myrrh – that the ancient Greeks and other peoples used in their cultic activities. Consisting of 60% pine resin, 27-30% mastic, and 5-10% colourless essential oils with a slight scent of lemon, it generated a lot of smoke as soon as it was ignited. The longer it was burning, the less smoke it generated, while simultaneously its strong scent permeated the space. It is thought to have been made in Syria and Arabia, while its trade was flourishing throughout antiquity. Pausanias72 recounts that devotees honoured the gods with incense brought from foreign lands. In order to obtain resin, the branches and trunk of the tree were incised so that the sap could seep out. Resin from younger trees was paler in colour and had a subtler odor, whereas that from older trees was yellowish and had a pungent aroma. Censing was an essential element of banquets and of nuptial rites, with incense burning all the time, perfuming the air. In general, too, incense was for poorer worshippers an affordable substitute for offerings to the gods, instead of expensive sacrifices offered by the more affluent. Represented inside a red-figured kylix by the Chicago Painter [fig. 11]73, ca. 460 BC, is a female figure preparing to burn incense in a censer (thymiaterion). In her left hand she holds the vessel in which the incense was kept (kylichnis or libanotris)74, a vase with wide mouth and decorative ribs on the body. There is frequent reference in textual sources to libanotrides fashioned from gold and marble, while there was also ones in clay and bronze. Circular or quadrilateral in shape, and sometimes with little feet, they had conical lids with characteristic decoration, to protect the pellets of incense kept inside them. The woman depicted in the kylix’ interior has already taken the pellets out of the kylichnis and is about to crush them with her thumb inside the open thymiaterion. Thymiateria or libanisteria75 were made of clay, bronze, precious metals and, more rarely, of stone and were introduced to Greece from the East, where they were widespread from very early times. Incense-burners were used at symposia, at wedding ceremonies, and also in funerary rites. Usually they had a lid in the shape of a perforated cone, so that the fragrance of the frankincense was readily diffused, and they stood on a high foot [fig. 12]. On a red-figured lekythos contemporary to the aforesaid kylix, a woman is depicted in a similar scene and the lid of the censer is suspended in the background76. Frankincense probably played a secondary role in the preparation of perfumes and cosmetics. Its addition to wine was said to induce madness and in large quantities even death. Quite often, instead of frankincense, the ancient Greeks burned rosemary (libanōtós: Rosmarinus officinalis) or tamarisk (myríke: tamarix, Tamaris hampeana), gifts of Aphrodite, which were cheaper and easier to obtain77. 71 Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants IX 4.1-2 and IX 10; RE Suppl. XV (1978), 700 ff., s.v. Weihrauch (W. Müller); Murr 1890, 77 ff. For its use in cult, together with other perfumes see Bruit Zaidman 2008, 181-189. 72 Pausanias, Hellados periegesis IX 30.1. 73 London, British Museum 1836,0224.167 (E 88): BAPD 207326. 74 RE XIII.1 (1928), 11 ff., s.v. λιβανωτρίς (L. Wickert); Milne 1939; Kanowski 1984, 76-77. 75 RE VI A1 (1936), 706 ff., s.v. Thymiaterion (A. Hug); Wigand 1912; Zaccagnino 1998; Massar 2008, 191-205. 76 Essen, Folkwang Museum A 10: BAPD 10382. 77 RE I A.1 (1914), 1128-1129, s.v. Rosmarin (F. Orth); Murr 1890, 106; Baumann 1982, 55, 89; Baumann 2007, 39, 62. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou 306 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 11 Fig. 13 Red-figured kylix by the Chicago Painter. London, British Museum 1836,0224.167 (Ε 88). © The Trustees of the British Museum. Fig. 12 Red-figured lekythos by the Berlin Painter. London, British Museum 1859,0301.6 (Ε 287). © The Trustees of the British Museum. Fig. 13 Fragment of a small red-figured krater (krateriskos). Basel, Collection H. Cahn 501. © Basel, Galerie Jean-David Cahn AG. 307 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases Fig. 14 Myrtle. Fig. 15a-b Red-figured amphora by the Niobids Painter. Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum Antikensammlung H 4533. © Martin von Wagner Museum Antikensammlung. Fig. 14 Fig. 15α Fig. 15β Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou Wreaths78, entwined from assorted flowers – wild or cultivated – as well as leaves and twigs of aromatic plants, were part and parcel of various events in the life of the ancient Greeks. They were not, of course, merely decorative, but were directly associated with the rites and ceremonies in which they were used [fig. 13]. It is attested that in the Athenian Agora there was a specific section for the sale of wreaths, essential at festivals and symposia – spoken of are a market ‘for wreaths’ (ἐν τοῖς στεφανώμασι) and one ‘for myrtle’ (ἐν ταῖς μυρρίναις)79, as myrtle was one of the commonest aromatic plants of Athens. Myrtle, laurel, and ivy are three of the most characteristic and widespread aromatic plants, which, moreover, were considered sacred and were closely linked with some deities. Myrtle (Myrtus communis)80, a plant with evergreen leaves, charming white florets, and a wonderful light scent, was symbol of beauty and youth [fig. 14]. It is linked particularly with Aphrodite, who, when she emerged from the seafoam, hid her nudity behind a myrtle branch. Myrtles were often planted inside sanctuaries and in front of temples. The plant had a special place in marriage rites, as the newly-wed couple and their guest wore myrtle wreaths. The same happened at symposia. That is why imitation myrtle wreaths wrought from precious metals are often found in graves, and depictions of myrtle wreaths are common also in vase-painting. Laurel (Laurus nobilis)81, an aromatic plant with purely Greek roots, played an important role in the worship of Apollo and of the Delian deities [fig. 15a]. It was the sacred plant of the god, with cathartic and oracular properties in his sanctuary at Delphi82 and in sanctuaries elsewhere. The evergreen ivy (Hedera helix)83 is linked directly with Dionysus and his boisterous thiasos of Satyrs and Maenads [fig. 15b]. Wreaths of it were worn by symposiasts and worshippers at Bacchic festivals, both men and women. Notable among the flowers used for making wreaths are carnations (Dianthus of the Caryophyllaceae family)84, which were also named “flowers of Zeus” and were loved for 78 Blech 1982; Baumann 1982, 80-88; Baumann 2007, 57-65. 79 Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 448; Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae 302; Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV 685b. See in particular Lallemand 2008, 175-179. 80 RE XVI.1 (1933), 1171 ff., s.v. Myrtos (A. Steier); Murr 1890, 84 ff.; Baumann 1982, 51, 54; Kunze-Götte 2006; Baumann 2007, 39. 81 RE XIII.2 (1927), 1431 ff., s.v. Lorbeer (A. Steier); Murr 1890, 92 ff.; Baumann 1982 50, 80 ff.; Baumann 2007, 38. 82 Homeric Hymn to Apollo 396. 83 Baumann 1982, 85; Baumann 2007, 61. 84 RE V.1 (1903), 1082 ff., s.v. Διός ἄνθος (F. Orth); Baumann 1982, 81; Baumann 2007, 57. 308 309 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases their prettiness and their delicate scent. Widespread too were narcissi85 (of the Amaryllidaceae family) with their strong, intoxicating fragrance capable of putting to sleep those who smelt it [fig. 16]. Myth has it that they sprouted on the whim of Hades, so as to entice Persephone into his Underworld kingdom, which is why they are to this day funereal flowers, used to decorate graves. Aromatic plants played a special role in the Adoneia festival86, which was celebrated in honour of the god Adonis [cat. no. 74] and central to which was fertility. This was a private festival that was organized only by women and was popular in Athens, Cyprus, and other regions. It revolved around the so-called gardens of Adonis, which symbolized the youthfulness and the untimely loss of Aphrodite’s paramour. During the summer months, women planted seeds of herbaceous aromatic plants (fennel, mint, spearmint), which sprouted quickly in plant pots placed on the flat roofs of the houses. However, as the plants were not watered and were left out under the hot summer sun, they soon withered. Depicted on an aryballoid lekythos by the Meidias Painter [fig. 17], ca. 390 BC, is the moment when the women are taking the plants, planted in broken vases, up to the flat roof, with the assistance of a small Eros87. Representations of the perfume trade on Attic vases Interesting is a rather small group of Attic vases with scenes from the trade of aromatic oils in the Athenian Agora. In the ancient sources there are separate references to myrepsoί or myropoioí88, those who make perfumes, and to myropṓles, those who trade perfumes, the middlemen, although the distinction is not always hard and fast, as the same person could have done both. In the Agora there was a special section where diverse local as well as imported “exotic” perfumes were sold, which was called ‘tò mýron’89. We know that various flowers and decorative plants, such as myrtle, laurel, ivy, rose, iris, violet, hyacinth, and others, were cultivated in the Attic countryside and brought to the city to be sold90. There were also pharmakídes91, women who made perfumes and potions, together with other medicaments and poultices, all much in demand from the female, mainly, population, and who sold their wares from door to door. 85 Murr 1890, 70 ff.; Baumann 1982, 69; Baumann 2007, 48. 86 Atallah 1966; Detienne 1972; LIMC I (1982), 222 ff., s.v. Adonis (B. Servais-Soyez); Roller 1988; Λιβέρη 2001, 69; Baumann 2007, 52; Reitzammer 2016. For the plants of Aphrodite see Lambrugo 2018. 87 Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum B 39 (278): BAPD 361. 88 Grillet 1975, 52-53; Faure 1987, 176; Squillace 2012, 253. There are frequent references to perfume shops: Lysias, On the refusal of a pension to the invalid 20; Demosthenes, Against Phormio 13; Schol. Euripides, Medea 68; Theophrastus, Characters ΧΙ 8. The existence of special spaces for the preparation and sale of perfumes is confirmed by archaeological finds from as early as the Minoan and Mycenaean periods (see Faure 1987, 115 ff., 124 ff.; ΠαπαευθυμίουΠαπανθίμου 1979, 269 ff.; Shelmerdine 1985; Τζεδάκις – Martlew 1994, 44 ff.; Μπουλώτης 1996; Φάππας 2010; Cultraro 2012; Βουτσά 2018). For Hellenistic centers producing and trading perfumes and perfume vases see Ακαμάτης 1992, 115 (Pella); Brun 1999 and 2008b (Delos); Brun 2000 (Delos and Poseidonia). 89 Aristophanes, Knights 1373, 1375-1376; Schol. Aristophanes, Wasps 1271. Attested too is the incense market (εἰς τόν λιβανωτόν) (Schol. Aristophanes, Peace 1158). 90 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XIV 640 b-c; Carroll-Spillecke 1989, 24. 91 Grillet 1975, 55; Faure 1987, 175; Squillace 2012, 257-258. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou 310 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 16 Narcissus. Fig. 17 Aryballoid lekythos from the circle of the Meidias Painter. Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum B 39 (278). © Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Photograph: Thomas Goldschmidt. Fig. 18 Black-figured pelike by the Plousios Painter. Vatican, Museo Etrusco Gregoriano 413. © Musei Vaticani - Museo Gregoriano Etrusco. 311 Fig. 19α Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases Fig. 19β Fig. 20 Fig. 19a-b Black-figured pelike by the Antimenes Painter. Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 72732. © Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze (Direzione regionale musei della Toscana). Fig. 20 Black-figured lekythos by the Gela Painter. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 99.526. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou 312 The atmosphere in the marketplace is vividly conveyed by the representations on some black-figured and red-figured Attic vases dating from the last decades of the sixth and the first half of the fifth century BC. It is not fortuitous that these scenes feature on vases specially made for the safekeeping of aromatic oils, namely pelikae, lekythoi, and some few alabastra92. Furthermore, women frequently participated in these transactions, not only as buyers but also as sellers. On both sides of a black-figured pelike by the Plousios Painter, in the Vatican [cat. no. 149]93, are scenes from the marketplace, and indeed with inscriptions. On one side, a seated man is involved in preparing perfumes, transfusing carefully through a strainer (ethmos) into a lekythos the oil that he has drawn from a pelike in front of him. Opposite him, another seated man, a colleague or an Athenian citizen passing by at break-time, converses with him and plays with a dog at his feet. One other pelike gives an idea of the supplies of the workshop-cum-shop, while the tree dominating the middle of the scene indicates that it is set in an open space. The words of the first perfume-seller are typical of the profits he anticipates from his truly lucrative profession: “O Father Zeus, I wish to become rich” (ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἴ(θ)ε πλούσιος γεν[οίμαν])! On the other face of the vase, the transaction is not so idyllic [fig. 18]. The young seller, with the pelike in front of him, speaks and gesticulates animatedly with a customer who stands opposite him. Object of their disagreement seems to be the precious content of the pelike and the seller’s words confirm this: “But, it’s already full; it overflows” (ἔδε μὲν ἔδε πλέον· παραβέβακεν)! A second pelike by the cycle of the Antimenes Painter, in Florence [cat. no. 148], transports us to the same space94. On one face the elderly seller advertises his product to the prospective purchaser, saying: “It’s lovely” (καλόν εἶ), and indeed allows her to check the perfume’s quality by taking out a little of the pelike’s content with a siphon and smearing it on her bare arm with a spatula [fig. 19a]. On the other face, which complements the first, the fight between two dogs who have knocked over two lekythoi forces a youth to intervene, brandishing his stick to separate them (inscription: κυνάγεμι). Two other lekythoi and one pelike point to the equipment of the outdoor perfume-shop [fig. 19b]. A third pelike, in Tarquinia95, by the Painter of Boston 01.8035, shows the large clientele that frequented perfume-shops, which were well-stocked with aromatic oils. On one face, the customers are all men, one of whom brings with him a lekythos to be filled by the perfume-seller who holds an ethmos (strainer) to draw the oil from an amphora and a lekythos in front of him. On the other face, depicted to the right is a woman too, and the vases in which the perfumes are kept are also amphorae. The seller holds a siphon full of perfume, so that the lady customer can try it. Similar siphons seem to stick out of the other three amphorae in the scenes96. 92 Gericke 1970, 68 ff., 77-78; Kanowski 1984, 113 ff.; Χατζηδημητρίου 2005, 114-121; Chatzidimitriou 2008; Algrain 2014, 190-193; Dourdoumas 2021. 93 Vatican, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco 16518 (from Cerveteri): BAPD 31764; Ραυτοπούλου 1996, 111, figs 2-3; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 237, fig. 1a-b; Dourdoumas 2021, 161. 94 Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 72732: BAPD 15585; Esposito – Tommaso 1993, 45, fig. 57; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 237-238, fig. 2a-b; Dourdoumas 2021, 159 fig. 2, 161-162. 95 Tarquinia, Museo Archeologico Nazionale RC 1063: BAPD 8235; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 238-239, fig. 5. 96 A siphon can be discerned also on a pelike by the Kleophrades Painter in Agrigento (anc. Akragas), Museo Archeologico Regionale 34: BAPD 201682. Fig. 22a-b Red-figured pelike in the manner of the Altamura Painter. Bern, Historisches Museum 12227. © Bernisches Historisches Museum, Bern. Photograph: Stefan Rebsamen. 313 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases Fig. 21 Red-figured pelike of the Group of Vienna 895. Adolphseck, Schloss Fasanerie 42. © Kulturstiftung des Hauses Hessen, Museum Schloss Fasanerie, Eichenzell. Fig. 21 Fig. 22α Fig. 22β Dimitra Aktseli – Eleni Manakidou On two other black-figured pelikae, one in the Louvre by the Nikoxenos Painter97 and one in Mykonos by the Eucharides Painter98, female merchants (kapelίdes) are depicted together with men, sellers and buyers, and pelikae set on the ground, obviously full of aromatic oils. The interior of an organized perfume workshop and selling point is represented on a lekythos by the Gela Painter, in Boston [fig. 20]99. Here the lekythoi hang in a row on the wall, while the storage vases are ranged on the ground. The perfume-vendors sit on stools, working as they await their customers. On a red-figured pelike in the Schloss Fasanerie100, by the Painter of Vienna 895 [fig. 21], the perfume-vendor is about to transfuse the aromatic oil, with a strainer-funnel, into an alabastron, in order to hand it over to a young maidservant who is purchasing it for her mistress. Noteworthy is the realistic way in which he places his little finger over the hole of the funnel, so as not to lose a single drop of the precious liquid. The particularity of another red-figured pelike, in Bern101, by the Altamura Painter, lies in the fact that the scenes on both faces of the vase appear to “narrate” two consecutive moments in a tale of everyday life. In one face [fig. 22a], the standing young Athenian lady purchases perfume inside an alabastron held by a seated woman, the perfume-seller, whose short hair indicates that she is a slave. The pelike on the ground between the figures and the lekythos hanging in the background complete the setting of the perfume-shop. On the other face [fig. 22b], obviously the same young lady offers the alabastron as a love token to a seated youth. This time the scene is set in the familiar space of the gynaikonites, the women’s quarters of a house, as attested by the large kalathos for processing wool and the hanging mirror. In concluding this brief stroll through the world of perfumes, readily apparent is the importance of the preparation of all manner of unguents, eaux de toilette, liniments, lotions, and pomades102 in the diverse manifestations of the daily and cultic life of the ancient Greeks. Perfume-making was in antiquity a special craft that demanded skill and inventiveness, and which kept its secrets closely guarded, just as it does today. Thanks to this secrecy, several perfumes that were famed and much-coveted in their day remain for us simply names. The significance of this art is attested also by the treatises written specifically on beauty products, counted among which are perfumes103. 97 Paris, Musée du Louvre F 376: BAPD 302932; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 237-238 fig. 3. 98 Archaeological Museum of Mykonos 1865 (from Rheneia): BAPD 302994; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 239, 241, fig. 10. 99 Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 99.526 (from Gela): BAPD 2930; Haspels 1936, 130 and App. VIII, no. 81, pl. 24,4; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 239, fig. 6; Dourdoumas 2021, 158. A similar scene was depicted on a lekythos by the same painter, once on the antiquities market in Paris (Haspels 1936, 130 and App. VIII, no. 154). 100 Eichzell, Adolphseck, Schloss Fasanerie 42: BAPD 202574; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 239, 241, fig. 11. For a similar pelike by the same painter with analogous subject, in Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum 895 see BAPD 202575; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 238, 240 fig. 8. Various aromatic substances and cosmetic unguents must have been prepared also by women at home, with the assistance of their maidservants. Relevant recipes and information in Forbes 1965, 43-44; Grillet 1975, 56-57. 101 Bern, Historisches Museum 12227: BAPD 206905; Chatzidimitriou 2008, 238 fig. 4, 240. 102 Forbes 1965, 26 ff., 30 ff. 103 From the surviving works we have referred repeatedly to two fundamental texts by Theophrastus (4th century BC), Enquiry into Plants and De Odoribus. See also Squillace 2012. Information was drawn also from the Deipnosophistae by Athenaeus and Naturalis Historia by Pliny (books XIII and XV). Mentioned too are significant works from Late Antiquity, Cosmetics by Krito (2nd century AD) and Medicine by Aetios of Amida (5th century AD). Last, Galen (XII 434) gives information about many lost treatises by renowned physicians of antiquity, with recipes for perfumes and cosmetics. 314 315 Aromatic plants, perfumes and perfume vases The role of the products of cosmetic art, based on aromatic plants, was therefore dual: on the one hand aesthetic-beautifying and on the other therapeutic-protective. Essential oils and scented creams, by protecting the skin from wrinkles, dryness, as well as dermatological diseases, contributed to fulfilling a deep-seated desire of human nature for a well-groomed and attractive appearance. Dr Dimitra Aktseli Ephorate of Antiquities of Chalcidice and Mount Athos Eleni Manakidou Professor of Classical Archaeology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki * * Published in 2001, in the proceedings of the conference Φαρμακευτικά και αρωματικά φυτά. Παραδοσιακές χρήσεις και δυνατότητες αξιοποίησής τους. Ζ΄ Τριήμερο Εργασίας, Κύπρος, Παραλίμνι, 21-25 Μαρτίου 1997, Πολιτιστικό Τεχνολογικό Ίδρυμα ΕΤΒΑ, Athens. In response to the invitation from the editors of the present volume, we considered it pertinent to update it, since twenty years have elapsed, by making a few additions and corrections to the text and, in particular, to the footnotes, where references are made to the subsequent specialist bibliography. Noteworthy among the recent publications on the subject are an exhibition catalogue (Verbanck-Piérard – Massar 2008) and two collective volumes (Bodiou et. al. 2008; Carannante – D’Acunto 2012). We take this opportunity of expressing our thanks to the archaeologists of the following museums for kindly providing photographs and permitting their publication: Andreas Dobler (Eichzell, Schloss Fasanerie), Dr. Jochen Griesbach (Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum Antikensammlung), Dr. Ulrike Haase (Basel, Galerie Jean-David Cahn AG), Dr. Mario Iozzo (Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale), Dr. Nina Zimmermann-El Seify (Berlin, Antikenmuseum), Jörg Zimmerman (Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum). 733 BIBLIOGRAPHY 734 Abbreviations of Journals AA AAA ActaAArtHist ActaArch ΑΔ ΑΕ AJA AM AnalRom AnnArchStorAnt AntCl AntK AntP ASAtene AURA BABesch BCH BdA BÉFAR BICS BJb Boreas BSA BullCom ClAnt ClRh ClQ CP Gaia Gnomon GRBS HASB Hephaistos Hesperia JdI JHS JRS JWalt Klio Ktema MonAnt MonPiot NC NSc NumAntCl ÖJh ΠΑΕ RA REA REG ZPE Archäologischer Anzeiger. Athens Annals of Archaeology. Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia. Acta Archaeologica. Archaeologikon Deltion. Archaeologikē Ephēmeris. American Journal of Archaeology. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung. Analecta Romana Istituti Danici. Annali del Seminario di Studi del mondo classico. Sezione di archeologia e storia antica. L’Antiquité Classique. Antike Kunst. Antike Plastik. Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente. Athens University Review of Archaeology. Annual Papers in Mediterranean Archaeology (formerly Bulletin Antieke Beschaving). Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Bollettino d’arte. Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, University of London. Bonner Jahrbücher des rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande. Boreas: Münstersche Beiträge zur Archäologie. British School at Athens Annual. Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma. Classical Antiquity. Clara Rhodos. Classical Quarterly. Classical Philology. Gaia. Revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce Archaïque. Gnomon - Kritische Zeitschrift für die gesamte klassische Altertumswissenschaft. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars der Universität Bern. Kritische Zeitschrift zur Theorie und Praxis der Archäologie und angrenzende Wissenschaften. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Journal of Roman Studies. The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery. Klio - Beiträge zur alten Geschichte. Civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques. Monumenti Antichi. Monuments et mémoires: Fondation E. Piot. Numismatic Chronicle. Notizie degli scavi di antichità. Numismatica e Antichità Classiche. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen archäologischen Instituts in Wien. Praktika tes en Athenais Archaiologikes Etaireias. Revue archéologique. Revue des études anciennes. Revue des études grecques. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Abbreviations of Volumes and Book Series ABV Add2 ΑΕΜΘ J. D. Beazley, Attic Black-figure Vase-painters, Oxford 1956. T. H. Carpenter, Beazley Addenda. Additional References to ABV, ARV2 and Paralipomena, 2nd edition, Oxford 1989. The Archaeological Work in Macedonia and Thrace. 735 Agora XI Agora XII B. Agora XVIII Agora XXIX Agora XXI Agora XXX ARV2 AVI BAPD CAVI CC Corinth VII.5 Corinth XIII Corinth XVIII.4 CVA DACL DMic. DNP Docs2 EGF IG Kerameikos VII.2 Kerameikos ΙΧ Kerameikos XIV Kerameikos XX LGPN I LGPN II LGPN III.A LGPN III.B LIMC LSJ Olynthus II Olynthus IV Olynthus X Para PG Phoenix RAC RE Samos VII Samos XXVIII SEG SIMA Ε. B. Harrison, The Athenian Agora XI. Archaic and Archaistic Sculpture, Princeton 1965. A. Sparkes – L. Talcott, The Athenian Agora XII. Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th and 4th centuries B. C., Princeton 1970. D. J. Geagan, The Athenian Agora XVIII. Inscriptions: The Dedicatory Monuments, Princeton 2011. S. I. Rotroff, The Athenian Agora XXIX. Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material, Princeton 1997. M. Lang, The Athenian Agora XXI. Graffiti and Dipinti, Princeton 1976. M. Moore, The Athenian Agora XXX. Attic Red-figured and White Ground Pottery, Princeton 1997. J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, 2nd edition, Oxford 1963. Attic Vase Inscriptions. Beazley Archive Pottery Database. H. R. Immerwahr, Corpus of Attic vase inscriptions, 1998. M. Collignon – L. Couve, Catalogue des vases peints du Musée National d’Athènes, Paris 1902. M. K. Risser, Corinth VII Part V. Corinthian Conventionalizing Pottery, Princeton 2001. C. W. Blegen – H. Palmer – R. S. Young, Corinth XIII. The North Cemetery, Princeton 1964. G. S. Merker, Corinth XVIII.4. The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: Terracotta Figurines of the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods, Princeton 2000. Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie. F. Aura Jorro, Diccionario griego-micénico, Madrid 1985-1993. Der Neue Pauly. M. Ventris – J. Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek, 2nd edition, Cambridge 1973. M. Davies, Epicorum graecorum fragmenta, Göttingen 1988. Inscriptiones Graecae. E. Kunze-Götte – K. Tancke – K. Vierneisel, Kerameikos VII.2. Die Nekropole von der Mitte des 6. bis zum Ende des 5. Jahrhunderts. Die Beigaben, München 2000. U. Knigge, Kerameikos IX. Der Südhügel, Berlin 1976. W. K. Kovacsovics, Kerameikos XIV. Die Eckterrasse an der Gräberstrasse des Kerameikos, Berlin - New York 1990. S. Brenne, Kerameikos XX. Die Ostraka vom Kerameikos, Wiesbaden 2018. P. M. Fraser – E. Matthews (eds), A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. Volume I. The Aegean Islands, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Oxford 1987. M. J. Osborne – S. G. Byrne (eds), A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Volume II. Attica, Oxford 1994. P. M. Fraser – E. Matthews (eds), Α Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Volume IIIA. The Peloponnese, Western Greece. Sicily and Magna Grecia, Oxford 1997. P. M. Fraser – E. Matthews (eds), Α Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Volume IIIB. The Central Greece: from the Megarid to Thessaly, Oxford 2000. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Liddel H. G. – Scott R. – Stuart Jones A., A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford 1996. D. M. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus, Part II. Architecture and Sculpture. Houses and Other Buildings, Baltimore – London 1930. D. M. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus IV. The Terracottas Found in 1928, Baltimore 1931. D. M. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus X. Metal and Minor Miscellaneous Finds. An Original Contribution to Greek Life, Baltimore 1941. J. D. Beazley, Paralipomena, Oxford 1971. Patrologia Graeca (J. P. Migne). Phoenix - The Classical Association of Canada. Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum. Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft. G. Schmidt, Samos VII. Kyprische Bildwerke aus dem Heraion von Samos, Bonn 1968. H. Kyrieleis, Samos XXVIII. Ausgrabungen im Sϋdostgebiet des Heraion von Samos (mit einem Beitrag zu den Elfenbein-Funden von Philip Brize), Wiesbaden 2020. Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology. 736 ΑΒΡΟΝΙΔΑΚΗ Χ. – ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ Ε. – ΤΣΟΥΛΗ Χ. 2016: «Μύθοι της θάλασσας: θεοί, ήρωες, δαίμονες και τέρατα», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (eds), Οδύσσειες, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 61-70. ΑΔΑΜ-ΒΕΛΕΝΗ Π. – ΖΩΓΡΑΦΟΥ Η. – ΚΟΥΚΟΥΒΟΥ Α. – ΠΑΛΛΗ Ο. – ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ Ε. 2017 (eds): Ειδώλιο, ένας μικρόκοσμος από πηλό, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. ΑΔΑΜ-ΒΕΛΕΝΗ Π. – ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. 2010 (eds): Γυάλινος κόσμος, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. ΑΔΡΥΜΗ-ΣΙΣΜΑΝΗ Β. 1983: «Τύμβος Φερών», ΑΑΑ 16, 23-41. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Σ. – ΠΑΛΑΙΟΚΡΑΣΣΑ Ν. – ΠΑΣΧΑΛΙΔΗΣ Κ. 2018: «Tα υποδήματα στην αρχαία Ελλάδα μέσα από τα έργα του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου. Κρηπίδες, τροχάδες, ενδρομίδες και εμβάδες», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (eds), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 209-236. ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗΣ Ι. 1992: «Η αγορά της Πέλλας κατά το 1991-1992», ΑΕΜΘ 6, 111-125. ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗΣ Ν. 2016: «Ερυθρόμορφη πελίκη του Ζωγράφου της Γαμήλιας Πομπής στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Πέλλας», in Χ. Καλλίνη – Μ. Γιαννοπούλου (eds), Ηχάδιν Ι, Τιμητικός τόμος για τη Στέλλα Δρούγου, Athens, 100-114. ΑΚΤΣΕΛΗ Δ. – ΜΑΝΑΚΙΔΟΥ Ε. 2001: «Αρωματικά φυτά, αρώματα και μυροδοχεία: χρήσεις τους στην καθημερινή και θρησκευτική ζωή κατά τους αρχαϊκούς και κλασικούς χρόνους», in Φαρμακευτικά και αρωματικά φυτά. Παραδοσιακές χρήσεις και δυνατότητες αξιοποίησής τους. Ζ΄ Τριήμερο Εργασίας, Κύπρος, Παραλίμνι, 21-25 Μαρτίου 1997, Athens, 83-109. ΑΚΤΣΕΛΗ Δ. 2016: «Οι λευκές λήκυθοι από τη Βόρεια Πιερία», ΑΕ 155, 193-242. ΑΛΛΑΜΑΝΗ Β. – ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Κ. – ΤΖΑΝΑΚΟΥΛΗ Β. – ΓΚΑΛΙΝΙΚΗ Σ. 1999: «Θέρμη 1999. Η ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο και στοιχεία για την οργάνωση του χώρου του», ΑΕΜΘ 13, 153-166. ΑΝΔΡΕΙΩΜΕΝΟΥ Α. 2000: «Η εξ Ακραιφίας στήλη Μνασιθέου, έργον Φιλούργου – Το επίγραμμα», ΑΕ 138, 81-127. ΑΝΔΡΕΙΩΜΕΝΟΥ Α. 2012: «Η εξ Ακραιφίας στήλη Μνασιθέου, έργον Φιλούργου. Σύγκριση με άλλα σύγχρονα της Αττικής έργα», in G. Kokkorou-Alevras – W. D. Niemeier (eds), Athenais 3, Neue Funde archaischer Plastik aus griechischen Heiligtümer und Nekropolen, Internationales Symposion, Athens 2-3 November 2007, München, 229-243. ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ Α. – ΤΣΕΛΕΚΑΣ Π. 2017: «Κοσμήματα στα αρχαία ελληνικά ιερά: οι επιγραφικές, φιλολογικές και αρχαιολογικές μαρτυρίες», in Κ. Λιάμπη – Κ. Παπαευαγγέλου-Γκενάκου – Δ. Πλάντζος (eds), Νόμισμα / Κόσμημα. Χρήσεις – Διαδράσεις – Συμβολισμοί από την αρχαιότητα έως σήμερα, Πρακτικά Συνεδρίου, Ίος 2009, Athens, 179-196. ΑΡΑΒΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ Β. 2010: Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θηβών, Athens. ΑΡΑΠΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ Ξ. 2001: Ολυμπία. Η κοιτίδα των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων, Athens. ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ 1988: Αρχαία Μακεδονία. Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΑΧΕΙΛΑΡΑ Λ. 2006: Η Κοροπλαστική της Λέσβου, vol. Ι-ΙΙ, Mytilene. ΒΑΛΑΒΑΝΗΣ Π. 2004: Ιερά και Αγώνες στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα. Ολυμπία – Δελφοί – Ίσθμια – Νεμέα – Αθήνα, Athens. ΒΑΛΑΒΑΝΗΣ Π. Δ. 1996: Άθλα, αθλητές, και έπαθλα. Ολυμπιακοί αγώνες και αθλητισμός στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Athens. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΔΕΤΗΣ Ε. – ΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Μ. 2014: «Φάρμακα ποικίλα, σκεύη διάφορα», in Ν. Σταμπολίδης – Γ. Τασούλας (eds), Ίασις. Υγεία, Νόσος, Θεραπεία από τον Όμηρο στον Γαληνό, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 50-59. ΒΙΚΑΤΟΥ Ο. – ΜΑΚΡΑΔΗΜΑ Λ. – ΣΤΑΜΑΤΗΣ Γ. 2019: Το Ιερό του Απόλλωνος στο Θέρμο Αιτωλίας. Οδηγός Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Θέρμου / The Sanctuary of Apollo at Thermos. A Guide to the Archaeological Museum of Thermos, Athens. ΒΙΚΑΤΟΥ Ο. – ΣΑΡΑΝΤΗ Φ. 2013: Ο Αρχαιολογικός Χώρος και το Ηρώο της Καλυδώνας, Missolonghi. ΒΙΚΑΤΟΥ Ο. 2006: «Παράκαμψη Ολυμπίας: Ευρήματα σωστικών ανασκαφών», in Τ. Α. Γριτσόπουλος – Κ. Λ. Κοτσώνης – Ι. Κ. Γιανναροπούλου (eds), Πρακτικά του Ζ΄ Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Πελοποννησιακών Σπουδών (Πύργος – Γαστούνη - Αμαλιάδα, 11-17 Σεπτεμβρίου 2005), vol. Α, Athens, 385-398. ΒΛΑΖΑΚΗ Μ. 2004: «Η περιοχή του Μυλοποτάμου κατά την αρχαιότητα», in Ν. Σταμπολίδης (ed.), Ελεύθερνα. Πόλη – Ακρόπολη – Νεκρόπολη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 26-43. ΒΛΑΧΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ Ε. 2018: «Κόμης τέχνη. Οι κομμώσεις στον ελληνορωμαϊκό κόσμο και οι σημειολογικές τους προεκτάσεις», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 303-316. ΒΛΙΖΟΣ Σ. 2004 (ed.): Ελληνική και Ρωμαϊκή γλυπτική από τις συλλογές του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, Athens. ΒΟΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ I. 1997: Ελληνική Τέχνη: Αργυρά και Χάλκινα έργα Τέχνης, Athens. ΒΟΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Ι. – ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ ΑΙ. – ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ Β. – ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΣ Μ. 1985 (eds): Σίνδος, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΒΟΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ-ΚΟΥΛΕΪΜΑΝΗ Ι. 1975: Χαλκαῖ κορινθιουργεῖς πρόχοι. Συμβολή εις την μελέτην της αρχαίας ελληνικής χαλκουργίας, Athens. 737 ΒΟΥΤΣΑ Κ. 2018: «Αρωματικά έλαια κατά τη Μυκηναϊκή εποχή», in Μ. ΛαγογιάννηΓεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 475-484. ΒΟΥΤΥΡΑΣ Ε. 2000: «Το ιερόν του Διονύσου στην Άφυτη», in Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη (ed.), Μύρτος: Μελέτες στη μνήμη της Ιουλίας Βοκοτοπούλου, Thessaloniki, 631-640. ΒΡΑΤΣΑΛΗ-ΚΑΝΤΖΙΑ Π. 2017: «Πολύτιμα κτερίσματα από τη Νέα Περιμετρική Οδό πόλεως Ρόδου», in Π. Τριανταφυλλίδης (ed.), Το αρχαιολογικό έργο στα νησιά του Αιγαίου, Διεθνές Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο, Ρόδος 27/11 – 1/12/2013, Mytilene, vol. Γ΄, 463-476. ΓΑΡΥΦΑΛΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. 2019: «Αττικές λευκές λήκυθοι κυρίου τύπου στο Βόρειο Αιγαίο και την περιφέρειά του: διασπορά και χρονολόγηση, χρήση, εικονογραφία», in Ε. Μανακίδου – Α. Αβραμίδου (eds), Η κεραμική της κλασικής εποχής στο Βόρειο Αιγαίο και την περιφέρειά του (480-323/300 π.Χ.). Πρακτικά του διεθνούς αρχαιολογικού συνεδρίου, Θεσσαλονίκη, 17-20 Μαΐου 2017, Thessaloniki, 127-138. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΥΛΑ Η. 1999 (ed.): Ελληνικά κοσμήματα: από τις συλλογές του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, Athens. ΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Μ. 2018: «Η γυμνότητα στην αρχαία ελληνική τέχνη», in Μ. ΛαγογιάννηΓεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 383-395. ΓΚΑΛΑΝΑΚΗ Κ. – ΧΑΝΙΩΤΗΣ Α. 2006: Χερσόνησος. Κτερίσματα της ελληνιστικής περιόδου, Heraklion. ΓΚΕΚΑ Π. 1992-93: «Αττική Ερυθρόμορφη Κάλπη της Συλλογής Α. Νομίδου στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Πειραιά», ΑΔ 47-48, 243-250. ΓΟΓΓΑΚΗ Κ. 2003: Οι αντιλήψεις των αρχαίων Ελλήνων για τον αθλητισμό, Athens. ΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΟΣ Δ. 2007 (ed.): Ο χρυσός των Μακεδόνων. Από την έκθεση του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Θεσσαλονίκης, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. ΔΑΚΑΡΗΣ Σ. 1966: «Ανασκαφή του Ιερού της Δωδώνης», ΠΑΕ, 71-84. ΔΑΦΦΑ-ΝΙΚΟΝΑΝΟΥ Α. 1985-1986: «Κτερίσματα ελληνιστικού τάφου στη Νεάπολη της Θεσσαλονίκης», Μακεδονικά 25, 180-202. ΔΕΛΗΒΟΡΡΙΑΣ Α. 1999: «Το κόσμημα στην αρχαία ελληνική και ρωμαϊκή περίοδο», in Η. Γεωργούλα (ed.), Ελληνικά κοσμήματα από τις συλλογές του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, Athens, 87-105. ΔΕΛΗΒΟΡΡΙΑΣ Α. – ΦΩΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Δ. 1997: Η Ελλάδα του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, Athens. ΔΕΣΠΙΝΗΣ Γ. – ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. 2014 (eds): Κατάλογος Γλυπτών Ι.1. Γλυπτά των Αρχαϊκών Χρόνων από τον 7ο αιώνα έως το 480 π.Χ., Athens. ΔΕΣΠΙΝΗΣ Γ. – ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΔΟΥ-ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ Θ. – ΒΟΥΤΥΡΑΣ Ε. 1997 (eds): Κατάλογος Γλυπτών του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Θεσσαλονίκης, vol. Ι, Athens. ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ ΑI. 1996: Ελληνική Τέχνη. Αρχαία χρυσά κοσμήματα, Athens. ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ ΑΙ. 2016 (ed.): Σίνδος ΙΙ. Το νεκροταφείο. Ανασκαφικές έρευνες 1980-1982. Πήλινα, γυάλινα και φαγεντιανά αγγεία, πήλινοι λύχνοι, μεταλλικά αγγεία, πήλινα ειδώλια και πλαστικά αγγεία, νομίσματα, Athens. ΔΡΟΥΓΟΥ Σ. – ΤΟΥΡΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ Ι. 1980: Ελληνιστικοί λαξευτοί τάφοι Βεροίας, Athens. ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΑΤΟΥ Σ. – ΣΟΥΕΡΕΦ Κ. 2016 (eds): Δωδώνη. Το μαντείο των ήχων, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΔΗΣ Δ. 1935: «Ἠπειρωτικαί Ἔρευναι, Ι. Ἡ ἀνασκαφή τῆς Δωδώνης», Ἠπειρωτικά Χρονικά, 192-264. ΖΑΡΚΑΔΑΣ Α. 1989: «Μια παράσταση των Αδωνίων στη λήκυθο 6471 του Μουσείου της Ακροπόλεως», ΗΟRΟΣ 7, 137-143. ΖΑΦΕΙΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ν. Σ. 1957: «Ανασκαφή ταφών Αμβρακίας», ΠΑΕ 112, 85-88. ΖΑΧΟΣ Κ. Α. – ΝΤΟΥΖΟΥΓΛΗ Α. Σ. 2003: Λευκάδα. Ιστορική-αρχαιολογική επισκόπηση μέσα από τα εκθέματα του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου, Athens. ΖΕΡΒΟΥΔΑΚΗ Η. 1975: «΄Ηλιος και Αλίεια», ΑΔ 30, 1-20. ΖΟΡΙΔΗΣ Π. 1977: «Η σπηλιά των Νυμφών της Πεντέλης», ΑΕ Αρχ. Χρον., 4-11. ΗΛΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Σ. 2015: Αρχαία Ζώνη IIIa: Το Νεκροταφείο. Ταφικά έθιμα και πρακτικές, Komotini. ΘΑΝΑΣΟΓΛΟΥ P. 2002: Εγχειρίδιο προπαρασκευής και έψησης του Αγίου Μύρου, Athens. ΘΕΜΕΛΗΣ Π. 1989: «Ανασκαφή Μεσσήνης», ΠΑΕ, 61-122. ΘΕΜΕΛΗΣ Π. Γ. – ΤΟΥΡΑΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ Γ.-Π. 1997: Οι τάφοι του Δερβενίου, Athens. ΘΕΜΟΣ Α. 2014: ΑΠΟΡΡΗΤΟΙ ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΑΙ. Ἀρχαῖες ἑλληνικὲς ἐρωτικὲς ἐπιγραφές (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), National and Capodistrian University of Athens. ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ 1986: Θεσσαλονίκη από τα προϊστορικά μέχρι τα χριστιανικά χρόνια, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΙ 1979: Θησαυροί της Αρχαίας Μακεδονίας, Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. 2004: «Κεραμική και υαλουργία στην πρώιμη ελληνιστική Μακεδονία», in Πρακτικά της ΣΤ΄ Επιστημονικής Συνάντησης για την Ελληνιστική Κεραμική, Athens, 367-392. ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. – ΤΣΙΓΑΡΙΔΑ Ε.-ΜΠ. 2011: Χρυσά στεφάνια και διαδήματα, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. 738 ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. – ΧΑΤΖΗΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ Α. 2018: «Χρήσεις και συμβολισμοί των κοσμημάτων από τη γεωμετρική έως και τη ρωμαϊκή εποχή», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Kατάλογος έκθεσης, Athens, 265-281. ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑΣ Γ. 2000: Ο Ζωγράφος του Sabouroff, Athens. ΚΑΘΑΡΙΟΥ Κ. 2002: Το εργαστήριο του Ζωγράφου του Μελεάγρου και η εποχή του. Παρατηρήσεις στην αττική κεραμική του πρώτου τετάρτου του 4ου αι. π.Χ., Thessaloniki. ΚΑΚΡΙΔΗΣ Ι. Θ. 1986: Ελληνική Μυθολογία, Athens. ΚΑΛΛΙΝΤΖΗ Κ. 1998: «Άβδηρα. Σωστικές ανασκαφές στο πλαίσιο του αναδασμού αγροκτήματος Βελόνης», ΑΕΜΘ 9, 447- 461. ΚΑΛΛΙΝΤΖΗ Κ. 2007: «Κοσμήματα από το νεκροταφείο των αρχαίων Αβδήρων», in Α. Ιακωβίδου (ed.), Η Θράκη στον ελληνορωμαϊκό κόσμο. Πρακτικά του 10ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Θρακολογίας, Κομοτηνή - Αλεξανδρούπολη 18-23 Οκτωβρίου 2005, Athens, 255271. ΚΑΛΛΙΝΤΖΗ Κ. 2013: Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Αβδήρων, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. 1998: Άκανθος Ι. Η ανασκαφή στο νεκροταφείο κατά το 1979, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. 2001/2002: Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο. Τα Γλυπτά, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ N. 2004 (ed.): Αγών, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ N. 2006 (ed.): Αθήνα – Σπάρτη, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. 2007: Το Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. – ΔΕΣΠΙΝΗΣ Γ. 2007 (eds): Πραξιτέλης, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. – FACHARD S. – ΨΑΛΤΗ Α.– ΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Μ. 2010 (eds): Ερέτρια. Ματιές σε μια αρχαία πόλη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. – SHAPIRO Α. 2009 (eds): Γυναικών λατρείες. Τελετουργίες και καθημερινότητα στην κλασική Αθήνα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens – New York. ΚΑΝΤΖΙΑ X. – ΚΟΥΖΕΛΗ Κ. 1987: «Εργαστήριο παρασκευής χρωμάτων στην αρχαία αγορά της Κω. Το αιγυπτιακό μπλε. Α: Η ανασκαφή», ΑΑΑ ΧΧ (1-2), 211-255. ΚΑΡΑΚΑΣΗ Κ. 2017: Αρχαϊκές Κόρες, Athens. ΚΑΡΟΥΖΟΣ Χ. 1995: Μικρά Κείμενα (Τι το κάλλιστον), Athens, 57-66. ΚΑΡΟΥΖΟΣ Χ. 1974: Δελφοί, Athens. ΚΑΡΟΥΖΟΥ Σ. 1969: Ἐθνικόν Ἀρχαιολογικόν Μουσεῖον. Συλλογή Γλυπτῶν, Athens. ΚΑΤΑΚΗΣ Σ. 2002: Επίδαυρος. Τα γλυπτά των ρωμαϊκών χρόνων από το ιερό του Απόλλωνα Μαλεάτα και του Ασκληπιού Ι, ΙΙ, Athens. ΚΑΤΑΚΟΣ Α. – ΚΥΛΑΦΗ Μ. – ΠΑΛΑΜΑΡΑ Ε. – ΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΣ Ν. 2020: «Συντήρηση και αναλυτικές μελέτες εκθεμάτων στο πλαίσιο της επανέκθεσης του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Πύλου», in Μ. Ξανθοπούλου – Α. Μπάνου – Ε. Ζυμή – Ε. Γιαννούλη – Α. Β. Καραπαναγιώτου – Α. Κουμούση (eds), Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στην Πελοπόννησο 2 (ΑΕΠΕΛ 2). Πρακτικά της Β΄ Επιστημονικής Συνάντησης, Καλαμάτα 1-4 Νοεμβρίου 2017, Kalamata, 1021-1031. ΚΕΦΑΛΙΔΟΥ Ε. 1996: Νικητής. Εικονογραφική μελέτη του αρχαίου ελληνικού αθλητισμού, Thessaloniki. ΚΕΦΑΛΙΔΟΥ Ε. 2007: «Γεωμετρικά και αρχαϊκά έπαθλα. Κείμενα, ευρήματα, εικονογραφία (8ος–7ος αι. π.Χ.)», in Μ. Παΐζη-Αποστολοπούλου – Α. Ρεγκάκος – Χ. Τσαγγάλης (eds), Άθλα και έπαθλα: Άθλα και έπαθλα στα ομηρικά έπη: Ι΄ Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Οδύσσεια, Κέντρο Οδυσσειακών Σπουδών, Ιθάκη, 15-19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2004, Athens, 203-229. ΚΟΛΩΝΑΣ Λ. 1990: «Ιατρικά ευρήματα από προσφάτως ανασκαφέντα τάφο της Αιτωλοακαρνανίας», Materia Medica Greca 18(3), 233-239. ΚΟΠΑΚΑ Κ. 1995: «Ο Μίνως Καλοκαιρινός και οι πρώτες ανασκαφές στην Κνωσό», in Πεπραγμένα του Z’ Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ρέθυμνο 1991, vol. Α1, Rethymno, 501-511. ΚΟΤΣΩΡΗ Ι. Σ. 2016: Από τη σωφροσύνη στην αυτογνωσία: διερευνώντας τις προϋποθέσεις για την ευπραγία και την αυτογνωσία στον Χαρμίδη του Πλάτωνος (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Peloponnese. ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ A. 1998: Τα αρχέτυπα της γυναίκας. Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες 68, Athens. ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΗ Α. 2007: «Το πρόσωπο του φόβου στο Μύθο και την τέχνη των αρχαίων Ελλήνων», in Φόβος στην Τέχνη και στη Ζωή, Πρακτικά Συμποσίου στο Μέτσοβο, 30 Ιουνίου-2 Ιουλίου 2006, Ίδρυμα Ευάγγελου Αβέρωφ Τοσίτσα, 65-75. ΚΟΤΤΑΡΙΔΟΥ Α. 1989: «Βεργίνα 1989. Ανασκαφή στο Νεκροταφείο στα ΒΔ της αρχαίας πόλης», ΑΕΜΘ 3, 1-11. ΚΟΥΖΕΛΗ Κ. 1987: «Εργαστήριο παρασκευής χρωμάτων στην αρχαία αγορά της Κω. Το αιγυπτιακό μπλε. Β: Η χημική μελέτη», ΑΑΑ ΧΧ(1-2), 239-255. ΚΟΥΡΟΥΝΙΩΤΗΣ Κ. 1916: «Ἀνασκαφαὶ καὶ ἔρευναι ἐν Χίῳ 2», ΑΔ 2, 190-215. ΚΡΑΝΙΩΤΗ Λ. 1987: «Τύμβος από τη ΒΔ νεκρόπολη των Αβδήρων», ΑΕΜΘ 1, 431-438. ΚΡΥΣΤΑΛΛΗ-ΒΟΤΣΗ Κ. 2014: Τα Xαλκά των Αμπελοκήπων, Athens. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΥ Α. 2020: Πήλινα και φαγεντιανά πλαστικά αγγεία και ειδώλια από το Δυτικό Νεκροταφείο του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Thessaloniki. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗΣ Π. 2010: «Κλασικά επιτύμβια ανάγλυφα από τη Μακεδονία», Αρχαιογνωσία 15, 253-316. 739 ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Γ. 1977: Μουσεία Ρόδου, Ι. Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο, Athens. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Γ. 1986: Αρχαία Ρόδος. Επισκόπηση της ιστορίας και της τέχνης, Athens. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Γ. χ.χ.έ.: To Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο της Ρόδου, Athens. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Ι. 1970: «Λευκή Δελφική κύλιξ», ΑΕ, 26-46. ΚΩΣΤΟΓΛΟΥ-ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΗ AΙ. 1979: Προβλήματα της Παριανής πλαστικής του 5ου αιώνα π.Χ. (Ph.D. Diss.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. ΚΩΤΙΤΣΑ Ζ. 2014: «Τυπολογία, χρονολόγηση και χρήση μυροδοχείων. Ενδείξεις από τη βόρεια Πιερία», in Ε. Κώτσου (ed.), Πρακτικά της Η΄ Επιστημονικής Συνάντησης για την Ελληνιστική Κεραμική, Ιωάννινα 5-9 Μαΐου 2009, Athens, 407-424. ΛΑΓΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ-ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΑΡΑΚΟΥ Μ. 2016 (ed.): Οδύσσειες, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΛΑΓΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ-ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΑΡΑΚΟΥ Μ. 2018 (ed.): Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΛΑΓΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ-ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΑΡΑΚΟΥ Μ. 2020 (ed.): Οι Μεγάλες Νίκες. Στα όρια του μύθου και της ιστορίας, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΗΣ Δ. 1958: «Ανασκαφή Αμφιπόλεως», ΠΑΕ 113, 81-83. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΗΣ Δ. 1960: «Ανασκαφαί και έρευναι Αμφιπόλεως», ΠΑΕ 115, 67-73. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΗΣ Δ. 1983: «Ανασκαφές και έρευνες στην Αμφίπολη», ΠΑΕ 139, 35-41. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΗΣ Δ. 2001: Αμφίπολις, Athens. ΛΑΖΟΣ Χ. 2002: Παίζοντας στο χρόνο. Αρχαιοελληνικά και βυζαντινά παιχνίδια 1700 π.Χ. 1500 μ.Χ., Athens. ΛΙΒΕΡΗ Α. 2001: «Η χρήση των αρωματικών φυτών και βοτάνων για την παρασκευή αρωμάτων και καλλυντικών στην ελληνική αρχαιότητα», in Φαρμακευτικά και αρωματικά φυτά. Παραδοσιακές χρήσεις και δυνατότητες αξιοποίησής τους. Ζ΄ Τριήμερο Εργασίας, Κύπρος, Παραλίμνι, 21-25 Μαρτίου 1997, Athens, 56-82. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. 1994: Λαξευτοί θαλαμωτοί τάφοι της Πέλλας, Athens. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. 2000: Το ιερό της Μητέρας των θεών και της Αφροδίτης στην Πέλλα, Thessaloniki. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. 2005: O πολυθάλαμος τάφος της Πέλλας, Thessaloniki. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. 2008: Ο πολυθάλαμος τάφος της Πέλλας, Πέλλης 2, Thessaloniki. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. – ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗΣ Ι. – ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Α. – ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2011: Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Πέλλας, Athens. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. – ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗΣ Ν. 2014: Ανατολικό Νεκροταφείο Πέλλας. Ανασκαφικές περίοδοι 1991-2007, Thessaloniki. ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. – ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗΣ Ν. 2021: Ανατολικό νεκροταφείο Πέλλας. Οι πρώτες ανασκαφές (1974-1981), in print. ΜΑΝΑΚΙΔΟΥ Ε. 1994: Παραστάσεις με άρματα (8ος – 5ος αι. π.Χ.). Παρατηρήσεις στην εικονογραφία τους, Thessaloniki. ΜΑΡΑΓΚΟΥ Λ. 1985: Αρχαία ελληνική τέχνη. Συλλογή Ν. Π. Γουλανδρή, Athens. ΜΑΡΩΝΙΤΗΣ Δ. – ΠΟΛΚΑΣ Λ. 2007: Αρχαϊκή επική ποίηση, Thessaloniki. ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ Β. 2011: Ελληνιστικά γλυπτά της Ρόδου. Κατάλογος, vol. Ι, Athens. ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ Β. 2019: Ελληνιστικά γλυπτά της Ρόδου. Κατάλογος, vol. ΙΙ, Athens. ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ-ΔΕΣΠΟΤΙΔΟΥ Β. 1990: «Από το νεκροταφείο της αρχαίας Μίεζας», ΑΕΜΘ 4, 127-141. ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ-ΔΕΣΠΟΤΙΔΟΥ Β. – ΑΚΤΣΕΛΗ Δ. – ΑΡΒΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ Α. 2014 (eds): … νέος και με υγείαν αρίστην … Όψεις της ζωής των νέων στην αρχαία Μακεδονία, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. ΜΕΝΕΒΙΣΟΓΛΟΥ Π. 1999: Μελετήματα περί του Αγίου Μύρου, Athens. ΜΠΑΪΡΑΜΗ Κ. 2017: Η μεγάλη ροδιακή πλαστική των Ελληνιστικών και Ρωμαϊκών χρόνων, Oxford. ΜΠΑΛΛΑ Φ. Α. 2018: Σικυών Χαίρε. Νεκροταφεία και έθιμα ταφής μιας πόλης της Πελοποννήσου από την εποχή των Ορθαγοριδών έως την έλευση των Ρωμαίων (Ph.D. Diss.), National and Capodistrian University of Athens, vol. Β΄ (catalogues). ΜΠΑΝΟΥ Ε. – ΜΠΟΥΡΝΙΑΣ Λ. 2014: Κεραμεικός, Athens. ΜΠΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Π. 2016: «”Ἀλεκτρυόνων ἀγὼν” σε μελανόμορφο αττικό αλάβαστρο», in Μ. Γιαννοπούλου – Χ. Καλλίνη (eds) Ἠχάδιν II. Τιμητικός τόμος για τη Στέλλα Δρούγου, Athens, 212-222. ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ Μ. – ΤΣΙΓΑΡΙΔΑ Ε.-ΜΠ. 2000: «Χρυσά κοσμήματα από το νεκροταφείο του Αιγινίου, κοντά στην αρχαία Πύδνα», in Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη (ed.), Μύρτος. Μνήμη Ιουλίας Βοκοτοπούλου, Thessaloniki, 179-197. ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ Μ. 1987: «Ανασκαφές στη βόρεια Πιερία», ΑΕΜΘ 1, 209-218. ΜΠΕΣΙΟΣ Μ. 2010: Πιερίδων Στέφανος: Πύδνα, Μεθώνη και οι αρχαιότητες της βόρειας Πιερίας, Katerini. ΜΠΟΣΝΑΚΗΣ Δ. 2013: Ενθετταλίζεσθαι. Τεχνοτροπία και ιδεολογία των θεσσαλικών επιτύμβιων αναγλύφων του 5ου και του 4ου αι. π.Χ., Volos. 740 ΜΠΟΥΛΩΤΗΣ Χ. 1996: «Το λάδι στους μυκηναϊκούς χρόνους», in Ελιά και Λάδι, Πρακτικά Δ΄ Τριημέρου Εργασίας (Καλαμάτα 7-9 Μαΐου 1993), Athens, 19-58. ΜΠΟΥΦΑΛΗΣ Α. 2020: Οι επιγραφές της αρχαϊκής και κλασικής εποχής στη Μακεδονία (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. ΜΠΡΟΥΣΚΑΡΗ Μ. 1974: Μουσείον Ακροπόλεως. Περιγραφικός κατάλογος, Athens. ΝΙΚΑΣ Β. 2017: Στη χώρα της Ομορφιάς και στα Λειβάδια της Αλήθειας (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. ΝΙΝΟΥ Κ. 1979 (ed.): Θησαυροί της αρχαίας Μακεδονίας, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΝΤΑΤΣΟΥΛΗ-ΣΤΑΥΡΙΔΗ Α. 1985: Ρωμαϊκά πορτραίτα στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο της Αθήνας, Athens. ΞΑΝΘΟΥ Μ. 2007: Το ασύνδετο στους επινίκους του Πινδάρου και του Βακχυλίδη: η διερεύνηση της λειτουργίας του ως ρητορικού και αφηγηματικού τρόπου (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. ΞΑΝΘΟΥΔΙΔΗΣ Σ. 1921: Οδηγός Μουσείου Ηρακλείου, Heraklion. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ Σ. 2014: «Η πρόθεση και ο θρήνος», in Ν. Σταμπολίδης – Σ. Οικονόμου (eds), Επέκεινα. Ο Θάνατος και η Μεταθανάτια Ζωή στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 65-66. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ Ε. 2018: «Η αέναη επιδίωξη της ομορφιάς», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 153-162. ΠΑΪΖΗ-ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Μ. – ΡΕΓΚΑΚΟΣ Α. – ΤΣΑΓΓΑΛΗΣ Χ. 2007 (eds): Άθλα και έπαθλα: Άθλα και έπαθλα στα ομηρικά έπη: Ι΄ Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Οδύσσεια, Κέντρο Οδυσσειακών Σπουδών, Ιθάκη, 15-19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2004, Athens. ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗΣ Δ. 2012: Αρχαϊκά Χρώματα, Athens. ΠΑΝΤΗ Α. 2014: «Έρωτας και νεότητα», in Β. Μισαηλίδου-Δεσποτίδου – Δ. Ακτσελή – Α. Αρβανιτάκη (eds) …νέος και με υγείαν αρίστην…Όψεις της ζωής των νέων στην αρχαία Μακεδονία, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki, 61-67. ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ Ι. 1953: «Οι νύμφες της Πεντέλης», Εκλογή Θ΄, 19-21. ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ Ι. 1960: «Βραυρών», Έργον 7, 21-30. ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Β. 2015 (ed.): Αμβρακία, η πόλη και τα μνημεία της, Arta. ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ-ΚΑΝΕΛΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Χ. 1989: Συλλογή Κάρολου Πολίτη, Athens. ΠΑΠΑΕΥΘΥΜΙΟΥ-ΠΑΠΑΝΘΙΜΟΥ Α. 1979: Σκεύη και σύνεργα του καλλωπισμού στον κρητομυκηναϊκό χώρο, Thessaloniki. ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Μ.-Φ. – KRAPF T. 2017: «Η σφίγγα της Υπάτης», Υπάτη 55, 21-34. ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Μ.-Φ. – ΤΙΛΕΛΗ Φ. – ΚΟΥΤΣΟΚΕΡΑ Ν. – ΓΙΑΝΝΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Ι. 2020: «Νέα αρχαιολογικά δεδομένα για την ευρύτερη περιοχή του αρχαίου Εχίνου», in Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Θεσσαλίας και Στερεάς Ελλάδας 5, Βόλος, 26 Φεβρουαρίου - 1 Μαρτίου 2015, vol. Ι: Θεσσαλία, Volos, 1027-1039. ΠΑΠΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ Ι. Α. 1977: «Ελληνιστικοί τάφοι της Πάτρας Ι», ΑΔ 32, 281-343. ΠΑΠΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ Ι. Α. 1978: «Ελληνιστικοί τάφοι της Πάτρας ΙΙ», ΑΔ 33, 354-388. ΠΑΠΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ Ι. Α. 1990: «Κοσμήματα Πατρών και Δύμης, Παρατηρήσεις σε τύπους κοσμημάτων του 4ου αι. π.Χ. και της ελληνιστικής εποχής», ΑΕ 129, 83-139. ΠΑΠΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ Ι. Α. 2014: Το Ιερό του Θέρμου στην Αιτωλία. Ιστορία - Μνημεία Περιήγηση του χώρου, (ΒΑΕ 291), Athens. ΠΑΠΑΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΥ Ι. Χ. 1989: Οι αρχαίοι ροδιακοί δήμοι. Ιστορική Επισκόπηση – Η Ιαλυσία, Athens. ΠΑΡΛΑΜΑ Λ. – ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. 2000 (eds): Η πόλη κάτω από την πόλη. Ευρήματα από τις ανασκαφές του Μητροπολιτικού Σιδηροδρόμου Αθηνών, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΠΑΡΤΙΔΑ Ε. – ΤΣΑΡΟΥΧΑ Α. 2012: «Κτερίσματα, οικιστικά κατάλοιπα και ένα λατρευτικό σπήλαιο συνθέτουν το Μουσείο Αρχαίας Πόλης Δελφών», in Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Θεσσαλίας και Στερεάς Ελλάδας 3, Πρακτικά επιστημονικής συνάντησης Βόλος 12.3- 15.3.2009, vol. ΙΙ. Στερεά Ελλάδα, Volos, 1099-1111. ΠΑΤΣΙΑΔΑ Β. 2004: «Φαλλόσχημο αγγείο από την πόλη της Ρόδου», in Δ. Δαμάσκος (ed.), Χάρις Χαίρε. Μελέτες στη μνήμη της Χάρης Κάντζια, Athens, vol. Β, 141-155. ΠΑΤΣΙΑΔΑ Β. 2012: «Αργυρό ριπίδιο από την πόλη της Ρόδου», in Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη – Κ. Τζαναβάρη (eds), Δινήεσσα. Τιμητικός τόμος για την Κατερίνα Ρωμιοπούλου, Thessaloniki, 535-543. ΠΑΤΣΙΑΔΑ Β. 2013: «Η αρχιτεκτονική του τοπίου στην πόλη της Ρόδου» in Α. Γιαννικουρή (ed.), Όλβιος Άνερ. Μελέτες στη μνήμη του Γρηγόρη Κωνσταντινόπουλου, Athens, 47-77. ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΗ Κ. 2015: «Ανασκαφική έρευνα τύμβου Καστά Αμφίπολης 2014», ΑΕΜΘ 29, 437-442. ΠΕΤΡΑΚΟΣ Β. 1995: Ο Μαραθών, Αρχαιολογικός Οδηγός, Athens. ΠΥΤΙΧΟΥΤΗ Χ. 2019: "Κορίτσια στον ήλιο": Οι υπαίθριες δραστηριότητες των γυναικών στην αττική εικονογραφία της αρχαϊκής και κλασικής εποχής (Αδημ. Μεταπτ. Διπλ. Eργασία), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. ΠΩΛΟΓΙΩΡΓΗ Μ. 1995: «Παιδική Ταφή στην Ηλιούπολη», ΑΕ, 232-245. ΠΩΛΟΓΙΩΡΓΗ Μ. 2018: Ἀνασκαφὴ Βραυρῶνος. Τὰ Κάτοπτρα (ΑΕ 157), Athens. 741 ΡΑΥΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Ε. 1996: «Η πώληση και η χρήση του ελαιόλαδου και του αρωματικού λαδιού στην Αρχαϊκή Ελλάδα», in Ελιά και Λάδι, Πρακτικά Δ΄ Τριημέρου Εργασίας (Καλαμάτα 7-9 Μαΐου 1993), Athens, 110-117. ΡΗΓΙΝΟΣ Γ. 2008: Αμβρακία, Οδηγός Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Άρτας, Athens. ΡΩΜΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Κ. 1987: «Αττικός αμφιπρόσωπος κάνθαρος από τάφο της αρχαίας Ακάνθου», in Αμητός. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο, Thessaloniki, 723-727. ΡΩΜΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Κ. 2013: «Ελληνιστικό νεκροταφείο Αμφιπόλεως. Βορειοανατολικός τομέας: Ανασκαφή 1956», ΑΕ 152, 103-253. ΣΑΒΒΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Θ. – ΒΑΛΛΑ Μ. 1992: «Ευρωπός 1991 - 1992», ΑΕΜΘ 6, 433-442. ΣΑΛΤΑ Μ. 1999: «Αρχαία Ρόδος. Μία κλασική νεκρόπολη», in Ρόδος 2400 χρόνια. Η πόλη της Ρόδου από την ίδρυσή της μέχρι την κατάληψη από τους Τούρκους (1523). Διεθνές Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο, Ρόδος, 24-29 Οκτωβρίου 1993, Πρακτικά, vol. Α΄, Athens, 143-150. ΣΑΜΑΝΙΔΗΣ Ι. 2018: «Αρχαιολογία των αισθήσεων / άρωμα», in Μ. ΛαγογιάννηΓεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 489-495. ΣΑΡΑΓΑ Ν. – ΘΕΟΧΑΡΗΣ Γ. – ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Α. 2017 (eds): Θεοί και Ήρωες των αρχαίων Ελλήνων, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΣΑΡΑΝΤΗ Φ. 2017: «Χαλκίδα (κοιλάδα Γαβρολίμνης)», in O. Βικάτου – Φ. Σαράντη – Γ. Σταμάτης (eds), Κατάλογος της περιοδικής έκθεσης Διαχρονικό Ταξίδι στην Ιόνια Οδό. Ο θησαυρός των ευρημάτων της (Ιερά Πόλη Μεσολογγίου 25-3 έως Ιούνιος 2017), Missolonghi. ΣΑΡΙΠΑΝΙΔΗ Β. 2012: «Το εξάλειπτρο στα ταφικά έθιμα της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας», in Ε. Κεφαλίδου – Δ. Τσιαφάκη (eds), Κεραμέως Παίδες. Αντίδωρο στον Καθηγητή Μιχάλη Τιβέριο από τους μαθητές του, Thessaloniki, 283-288. ΣΕΛΕΚΟΥ Μ. 2014: Το νεκροταφείο στη θέση Τριανταφυλλιά Λιβανατών (6ος - 2ος αι. π.Χ.). Συμβολή στη μελέτη της αρχαίας Λοκρίδας, vol. Α-Β (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Ioannina. ΣΙΓΑΝΙΔΟΥ Μ. – ΛΙΛΙΜΠΑΚΗ-ΑΚΑΜΑΤΗ Μ. 1996: Πέλλα. Πρωτεύουσα των Μακεδόνων, Athens. ΣΙΣΜΑΝΙΔΗΣ Κ. 1997: «Ταφικό σύνολο στην αρχαία Κασσάνδρεια», in Μνήμη Μανόλη Ανδρόνικου, (Παράρτημα Μακεδονικών αρ. 6), 295-320. ΣΚΑΡΛΑΤΙΔΟΥ Ε. 2010: Το αρχαϊκό Νεκροταφείο των Αβδήρων, Thessaloniki. ΣΚΑΡΛΑΤΙΔΟΥ Ε. 2012: «Κλειστά σύνολα με κορινθιακή και ιωνική κεραμική από το πρώιμο αρχαϊκό νεκροταφείο των Αβδήρων», in Μ. Τιβέριος – Β. Μισαηλίδου-Δεσποτίδου – Ε. Μανακίδου – Α. Αρβανιτάκη (eds), Η Κεραμική της Αρχαϊκής Εποχής στο Βόρειο Αιγαίο και την Περιφέρειά του (700-480 π.Χ.), Thessaloniki, 453-460. ΣΤΑΪΝΧΑΟΥΕΡ Γ. 2001: Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Πειραιώς, Athens. ΣΤΑΪΝΧΑΟΥΕΡ Γ. 2009: Ο Μαραθών και το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. 2003 (ed.): Πλόες. Από τη Σιδώνα στη Χουέλβα. Σχέσεις λαών της Μεσογείου, 16ος – 6ος αι. π. Χ., Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. 2004 (ed.): Ελεύθερνα. Πόλη – Ακρόπολη – Νεκρόπολη, Athens.\ ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. 2020: Ελεύθερνα, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. – ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ Σ. 2014 (eds): Επέκεινα. Ο Θάνατος και η Μεταθανάτια Ζωή στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ N. – ΤΑΣΟΥΛΑΣ Γ. 2009 (eds): Έρως. Από τη Θεογονία του Ησιόδου στην ύστερη αρχαιότητα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. – ΤΑΣΟΥΛΑΣ Γ. 2014 (eds): Ίασις. Υγεία, Νόσος, Θεραπεία από τον Όμηρο στον Γαληνό, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΥΛΗΣ Χ. 1995 (ed.): Αρχαίος ελληνικός αθλητισμός. Ιδεώδες και πραγματικότητα, Athens. ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ Ε. – ΤΣΑΓΚΑΡΑΚΗ Ε. – ΑΡΒΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ Α. 2019 (eds): Από τον Νότο στον Βορρά. Αποικίες των Κυκλάδων στο βόρειο Αιγαίο, Exhibition catalogue, Thessaloniki. ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΔΟΥ-TΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ Θ. 1975: «Επιτύμβια στήλη από το Δίον Πιερίας», ΑΔ 30, 35-43. ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΔΟΥ-ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ Θ. 2018: «Οι απεικονίσεις του Αλεξάνδρου. Καινοτομίες και πολιτικά μηνύματα», in Δ. Γαρουφαλής, Θέματα αρχαιολογίας [τ. 2.3] ΣεπτέμβριοςΔεκέμβριος 2018, 428-447. ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑΔΗΣ Γ. 1900: «Ἀνασκαφαί ἐν Θέρμῳ», ΑΕ, 161-212. ΤΖΑΝΑΒΑΡΗ Κ. 2014: «Πήλινες προτομές της συλλογής Γεωργίου Παπαηλιάκη στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης», in Α. Γιαννικουρή (ed.), Κοροπλαστική και μικροτεχνία στον αιγαιακό χώρο από τους γεωμετρικούς χρόνους έως και τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο, Διεθνές συνέδριο στη μνήμη της Ηούς Ζερβουδάκη, Ρόδος, 26-29 Νοεμβρίου 2009, Athens, 329-348. ΤΖΑΝΑΒΑΡΗ Κ. 2017: «Οι τύποι των Ταναγραίων στο βορειοελλαδικό χώρο», in Π. ΑδάμΒελένη – Η. Ζωγράφου – Α. Κουκουβού – Ου. Πάλλη – Ε. Στεφανή (eds), Ειδώλιο. Ένας μικρόκοσμος από πηλό, Thessaloniki, 153-157. 742 ΤΖΑΝΑΒΑΡΗ K. – ΤΣΙΜΠΙΔΟΥ-ΑΥΛΩΝΙΤΗ Μ. 2018: «Επείσακτη και τοπική κεραμική στη Θεσσαλονίκη των ελληνιστικών χρόνων», in Πρακτικά Θ’ Επιστημονικής Συνάντησης για την Ελληνιστική Κεραμική, Θεσσαλονίκη 05-09 Δεκεμβρίου 2012, vol. Ι, Athens, 75-94. ΤΖΑΧΟΥ-ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΗ Ο. 1989 (ed.): Το Πνεύμα και το Σώμα. Οι αθλητικοί αγώνες στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΤΖΕΔΑΚΙΣ Γ. 1995 (ed.): Από τη Μήδεια στη Σαπφώ. Ανυπότακτες γυναίκες στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΤΖΕΔΑΚΙΣ Γ. – MARTLEW H. 1994 (eds): Μινωιτών και Μυκηναίων γεύσεις, Athens. ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΣ Μ. 2020: Συμπόσιο και συμποσιακό τελετουργικό στην αρχαία Αθήνα, Thessaloniki. ΤΟΥΛΟΥΜΤΖΙΔΟΥ Α. 2011: Μετάλλινα αγγεία του 4ου - 2ου αι. π. Χ. από τον ελλαδικό χώρο (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. ΤΟΥΛΟΥΠΑ Ε. 1973: «Καττύματα Τυρρηνικά» - «Κρηπίδες Αττικαί», ΑΔ 28, Α΄, 116-137. ΤΟΥΛΟΥΠΑ Ε. 2010: «Τα εναέτια γλυπτά του ναού του Απόλλωνος Δαφνηφόρου στην Ερέτρια», σε Ν. Καλτσάς – S. Fachard – Α. Ψάλτη – Μ. Γιαννοπούλου (eds), Ερέτρια. Ματιές σε μια αρχαία πόλη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 252-255. ΤΡΑΚΟΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ-ΣΑΛΑΚΙΔΟΥ Ε. 1999: «Από την επείσακτη κεραμική της αρχαϊκής Ακάνθου», in Αρχαία Μακεδονία VI. Ανακοινώσεις κατά το έκτο διεθνές συμπόσιο, Θεσσαλονίκη, 15-19 Οκτωβρίου 1996, vol. 2, Thessaloniki, 1197-1217. ΤΡΙΑΝΤΗ Α.-Σ. 1985: Ο γλυπτός διάκοσμος του ναού στο Μάζι της Ηλείας (Ph.D. Diss.), Thessaloniki. ΤΣΑΚΑΛΟΥ-ΤΖΑΝΑΒΑΡΗ Κ. 2011: «Καλλωπισμός και κόμμωση », in Δ. Β. Γραμμένος (ed.), Στη Μακεδονία: από τον 7ο αι. π.Χ. ως την ύστερη αρχαιότητα, Thessaloniki, 313-318. ΤΣΑΚΑΛΟΥ-ΤΖΑΝΑΒΑΡΗ Κ. 2002: Πήλινα Ειδώλια από τη Βέροια. Ταφικά σύνολα της ελληνιστικής εποχής, Athens. ΤΣΑΚΟΣ Κ. – ΒΙΓΛΑΚΗ-ΣΟΦΙΑΝΟΥ Μ. 2012: Σάμος. Τα Αρχαιολογικά Μουσεία, Athens. ΤΣΙΓΑΡΙΔΑ Ε.-ΜΠ. – ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. 2010: Ο Χρυσός των Μακεδόνων. Κατάλογος της Έκθεσης στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης, Athens. ΤΣΙΓΑΡΙΔΑ E.-ΜΠ. – ΙΓΝΑΤΙΑΔΟΥ Δ. 2011: Χρυσά στεφάνια και διαδήματα. Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης, Thessaloniki. ΤΣΙΓΚΑΚΟΥ Φ.-Μ. – ΣΤΑΜΠΟΛΙΔΗΣ Ν. 2020 (eds): Αρχαιολατρεία και Φιλελληνισμός. Συλλογή Θανάση και Μαρίνας Μαρτίνου, Athens. ΤΣΙΜΠΙΔΟΥ-ΑΥΛΩΝΙΤΗ Μ. 2005: Μακεδονικοί τάφοι στον Φοίνικα και στον Άγιο Αθανάσιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Athens. ΤΣΟΥΛΗ Χ. 2018: «Το ένδυμα στους ιστορικούς χρόνους», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 195-208. ΤΣΟΥΝΑ B. 2020: «Τι είναι σωφροσύνη; Ο διάλογος “Χαρμίδης” του Πλάτωνος», in https:// cognoscoteam.gr/τι-είναι-σωφροσύνη-ο-διάλογος-χαρμίδη. Aνάρτηση: 20 Φεβρουαρίου 2020. ΤΣΟΥΝΤΑΣ Χ. 1902: «Κεφαλή εκ Μυκηνών», ΑΕ, 1-10. ΦΑΠΠΑΣ I. 2010: Ἔλαιον εὐῶδες, τεθυωμένον: Τα αρωματικά έλαια και οι πρακτικές χρήσης τους στη Μυκηναϊκή Ελλάδα και την αρχαία Εγγύς Ανατολή (14ος-13ος αι. π.Χ.), Κρητική Εστία 13, 2009-2010, Chania. ΦΑΠΠΑΣ Ι. – ΛΟΥΡΕΝΤΖΑΤΟΥ Ι. 2020 (eds): Μουσείο Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης. Μόνιμες Συλλογές. Επιλεγμένα Εκθέματα, Athens. ΦΙΛΙΟΣ Δ. 1886: «Κεφαλή εξ Ελευσίνος», ΑΕ, 257-266. ΧΑΝΙΩΤΗΣ Α. – ΚΑΛΤΣΑΣ Ν. – ΜΥΛΩΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ι. 2017 (eds): Emotions. Ένας κόσμος συναισθημάτων, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. ΧΑΡΑΜΗ Α. 2012: Από τα ελληνιστικά νεκροταφεία των Θηβών. Συμβολή στην τοπογραφία και την ιστορία της μεταλεξάνδρειας πόλεως (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Ioannina. ΧΑΤΖΗ Γ. 2008: Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ολυμπίας, Athens. ΧΑΤΖΗΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ Α. 2005: Παραστάσεις εργαστηρίων και εμπορίου στην εικονογραφία των αρχαϊκών και κλασικών χρόνων, Athens. ΧΑΤΖΗΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ Α. 2016: «Διακοσμητικά ανάγλυφα πτυκτών κατόπτρων της συλλογής Γρηγορίου Εμπεδοκλέους στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο», ΑΕ 155, 75-91. ΧΙΔΙΡΟΓΛΟΥ Μ. 2012: «Πήλινο ειδώλιο αστραγαλίζουσας νέας από την Ερέτρια (ΕΑΜ 12112)» in Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη – Κ. Τζαναβάρη (eds), Δινήεσσα. Τιμητικός τόμος για την Κατερίνα Ρωμιοπούλου, Thessaloniki, 493-501. ΧΙΔΙΡΟΓΛΟΥ Μ. 2018: «Η έννοια και η εικόνα της ομορφιάς μέσα από την αρχαία ελληνική λογοτεχνία και τα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα», in Μ. Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου (ed.), Οι αμέτρητες όψεις του Ωραίου στην αρχαία τέχνη, Exhibition catalogue, Athens, 135-152. ΧΟΥΡΜΟΥΖΙΑΔΗΣ Γ. 1994: Τα νεολιθικά ειδώλια της Θεσσαλίας, Thessaloniki. ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Α. 1983: «Ο λαξευτός τάφος Δ΄ της Πέλλας», Μακεδονικά 23, 192-220. ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Α. – ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2002: «Ανασκαφή στη δυτική νεκρόπολη του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας κατά το 2002», ΑΕΜΘ 16, 465-478. ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Α. – ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2012: «Οι χρυσοφόροι Μακεδόνες των αρχαϊκών χρόνων από το Δυτικό Νεκροταφείο του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», in Μ. Τιβέριος – Π. Νίγδελης – Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη (eds), Θρεπτήρια, Μελέτες για την αρχαία Μακεδονία, Thessaloniki, 489-514. 743 ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Α. – ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2014: «Πήλινα και φαγεντιανά πλαστικά αγγεία και ειδώλια των αρχαϊκών χρόνων από το Δυτικό Νεκροταφείο του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», in Α. Γιαννικουρή (ed.), Κοροπλαστική και μικροτεχνία στον αιγαιακό χώρο από τους γεωμετρικούς χρόνους έως και τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο, Διεθνές συνέδριο στη μνήμη της Ηούς Ζερβουδάκη, Ρόδος, 26-29 Νοεμβρίου 2009, Athens, 389-404. ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2011: «Οι χρυσοφόροι Μακεδόνες του Αρχοντικού Πέλλας», in Μ. Λιλιμπάκη-Ακαμάτη – Ι. Ακαμάτης – Α. Χρυσοστόμου – Π. Χρυσοστόμου, Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Πέλλας, Athens, 302-389. ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ Π. 2012: «Οι χρυσοφόροι Μακεδόνες των αρχαϊκών χρόνων από το Δυτικό Νεκροταφείο του Αρχονικού Πέλλας», in Μ. Τιβέριος – Π. Νίγδελης – Π. Αδάμ-Βελένη (eds), Θρεπτήρια, Μελέτες για την αρχαία Μακεδονία, Thessaloniki, 489-514. ΧΩΡΕΜΗ-ΣΠΕΤΣΙΕΡΗ Α. – ΖΑΡΚΑΔΑΣ Α. 2006 (eds): Μουσείο Παύλου και Αλεξάνδρας Κανελλοπούλου. Αρχαία Τέχνη, Athens. ADRADOS F. R. 1964: “Sobre el aceite perfumado: Esquilo, Agam. 96, Las tablillas Fr Y la ambrosia”, Kadmos 3, 122-148. ADRYMI V. – NIKOLAOU E. – ALEXANDROU S. – KRAVARITOU S. – WALTER P. – WELCOMME E. – VAN ELSLANDE E. – TSOUCARIS G. 2018: “Les flacons à fard à l’époque hellénistique. Exemples de la région de Thessalie”, in P. Jockey (ed.), Les arts de la couleur en Grèce ancienne …et ailleurs. Approches interdisciplinaires, (BCH Suppl. 56), 241-261 AFTEL M. 2001: Essence and Alchemy. A Book of Perfume, London. AHLBERG-CORNELL G. 1988: “Games, Play, and Performance in Greek Geometric Art: The Kantharos Copenhagen NM 727 Reconsidered”, ActaArch 58, 55-86. AJOOTIAN A. 2007: “Praxiteles and Fourth-century Athenian Portraiture”, in P. Schultz – R. von den Hoff (eds), Early Hellenistic Portraiture. Image, Style. Context, Cambridge, 13-33. ALBERSMEIER S. 2009 (ed.): Heroes, Mortals and Myths in ancient Greece, Baltimore. ALBIZZATI C. 1924-1942: Vasi antichi dipinti del Vaticano, Roma. ALGRAIN I. – BRISART T. – JUBIER-GALINIER C. 2008: “Les vases à parfums à Athènes aux époches archaïque et classique”, in A. Verbanck-Piérard – N. Massar (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 145-164. ALGRAIN I. 2014: L’Alabastre attique: origine, forme et usages (Études d’archéologie 7), Bruxelles. AMANDRY P. – CHAMOUX F. 1991: Guide de Delphes – le Musée, Paris. AMANDRY P. 1953: Collection H. Stathatos: Les bijoux antiques, vol. I, Strasbourg. AMANDRY P. 1984: « Os et coquilles », L’Antre corycien 2, BCH Suppl. IX, 347-380. AMYX D. A. 1988: Corinthian Vase-Painting of the Archaic Period I-III, Berkeley – Los Angeles. ANDERSON J. K. 1958-1959: “Old Smyrna: the Corinthian Pottery”, BSA 53-54, 138-151. ANDRONIKOS M. 1968: Totenkult (Archaeologia Homerica, Kap. W), Göttingen. ANGERMEIER H. E. 1936: Das Alabastron. Beitrag zur Lekythen-Forschung, Giessen. APOSTOLA E. – KOUSOULIS P. 2019: “Exotic offerings in the archaic Rhodian sanctuaries: A critical synthesis of the Egyptian and Egyptianized votives”, ΑURA 2, 103-116. ARAVANTINOS V. L. – VASILOGAMVROU A. 2010: “The New Linear B Documents from Ayios Vasileios, a Mycenaean Palatial Site in the Eurotas Valley”, in P. Carlier – C. De Lamberterie – M. Egetmeyer – N. Guilleux – F. Rougemont – J. Zurbach (eds), Etudes mycéniennes II. Actes du XIIIe colloque sur les textes égéens, 20-23 septembre 2010, Sèvres, Nanterre, Paris, 20-23 septembre 2010, Paris, 41-54. ARENA R. 1967: Le iscrizioni corinzie su vasi, Roma. ATALLAH W. 1966: Adonis dans la littérature et l’art grecs, Paris. BADINOU P. 2003: La laine et le parfum. Epinetra et alabastres. Forme, iconographie et function. Recherche de céramique attique féminine, Louvain. BAGGIO M. 2016: “Penelope e i doni della seduzione”, in J. Bonetto – M. S. Busana – A. R. Ghiotto – M. Salvadori – P. Zanovello (eds), I mille volti del passato. Scritti in onore di Francesca Ghedini, Roma, 57-69. BAHRANI Z. 1993: “The Iconography οf the Nude in Mesopotamia”, Source: Notes in the History of Art, 12(2), 12-19. BAHRANI Z. 1996: “The Hellenization of Ishtar: Nudity, Fetishism, and the Production of Cultural Differentiation in Ancient Art”, Oxford Art Journal 19, 3–16. BAHRANI Z. 2001: Women of Babylon: Gender and Representation in Mesopotamia, London. BALDWIN-BOWSKY M. W. 1997: “An Atticizing Stele from Western Crete”, ZPE 118, 197-206. BANKEL Η. 1997: “Knidos. Der hellenistische Rundtempelund sein Altar vorbericht”, AA, 51-71. BARDIES-FRONTY I. – BIMBENET-PRIVAT M. – WALTER P. 2009: Le Bain et le miroir : Soins du corps et cosmétiques de l’Antiquité à la Renaissance, Exhibition catalogue, Paris. BARRINGER J. 1996: “Atalanta as Model: The Hunter and the Hunted”, ClAnt 15, 48-76. BARROW R. J. 2018: Gender, Identity and the Body in Greek and Roman Sculpture, Cambridge. BASILE B. – LAZZARINI L. 2012: “The Archaeometry Identification of the Marbles of the Greek Statuary and Architectural Elements of the ‘Paolo Orsi’ Museum in Syracuse”, Marmora 8, 11-32. 744 BAUMANN H. 1982: Die griechische Pflanzenwelt in Mythos, Kunst und Literatur, München. BAUMANN H. 2007: Flora mythologica: griechische Pflanzenwelt in der Antike, Kilchberg. BAZANT J. 2017: “The Legend of Knidia Today”, Eirene 53, 79-112. BEAUMONT A. 2021: Childhood in Ancient Athens. Iconography and Social History, London - New York. BEAZLEY J. D. 1929: “Charinos. Attic Vases in the form of Human Heads”, JHS 49, 38-78, 47-52. BEAZLEY J. D. 1935: “Notices of Book”, JHS 55, 90-91. BECHTEL F. – FICK A. 1894: Die griechischen Personennamen nach ihrer Bildung erklär, Göttingen. BECK L. Y. – BECK C. W. 1978: “wi-ri-za Wool on Linear B Tablets of Perfume Ingredients”, AJA 82, 213-215. BECTARTE H. 2009: « Le costume de l’épouse dans l’art funéraire attique de l’époque classique », in L. Bodiu – V. Mehl – J. Oulhen (eds), Chemin faisant: mythes, cultes et société en Grèce ancienne. Μélanges en l’honneur de Pierre Brulé, Rennes, 235-248. BELL S. 1998: “Aphrodite of the Marketplace: Fetishism, Value, and [Sexual] Pragmatism”, Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society 10(4), 134-140. BENNDORF O. 1903: “Stele im Museum von Kandia“, ÖJh 6, 1-9. BÉRARD C. 1986: « L’impossible femme athlète », AnnArchStorAnt 8, 195-202. BERTI R. – LA PORTA E. 1997: Glorie di Tracia: l'oro più antico, i tesori, i miti, Firenze. BIELMAN A. 2012: “Female Patronage in the Greek Hellenistic and Roman Republican Periods”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 239-248. BIELMAN SANCHEZ A. – LENZO G. 2021: “Ptolemaic Royal Women”, in E. D. Carney – S. Mueller (eds), The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World, New York, 72-84. BIERS W. R. 1983: “Some Thoughts on the Origins of the Attic Head Vase,” in W. G. Moon (ed.), Ancient Greek Art and Iconography, Madison. BIERS W. R. – GERHARDT K. O. – BRANIFF R. A. 1994: “Lost Scents: Investigations of Corinthian ‘Plastic’ Vases by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry”, MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, vol. 11, Philadelphia. BIESANTZ H. 1965: Die thessalischen Grabreliefs. Studien zur nordgriechischen Kunst, Mainz am Rhein. BLANCK I. 1974: Studien zum griechischen Halsschmuck der archaischen und klassischen Zeit, Köln. BLECH M. 1982: Studien zum Kranz bei den Griechen, Berlin. BLINKENBERG C. 1931: Lindos, Fouilles de l’acropole 1902-1914 I. Les petits objets. Berlin. BLOK J. 1995: The Early Amazons. Modern and Ancient Perspectives on a Persistent Myth, Leiden – Boston – Köln. BLUNDELL S. 1995: Women in Ancient Greece, London. BLUNDELL S. – RABINOWITZ N. S. 2008: “Women’s Bonds, Women’s Pots: Adornment Scenes in Attic Vase Painting”, Phoenix 62, 115-144. BOARDMAN J. 1974: Athenian Black Figure Vases. A Handbook, London. BOARDMAN J. 1988: The Greeks Overseas. Their Colonies and Trade, London. BOARDMAN J. 1989: Athenian Red Figure Vases. The Classical Period, London. BOARDMAN J. 2001: Greek Gems and Finger Rings: Early Bronze Age to Late Classical, London. BODIOU L. – FRÈRE D. – MEHL V. 2008 (eds): Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes. BODIOU L. – MEHL V. 2008a: « Parfums de passage: naissance, marriage et funerailles en pays grec », in A. Verbanck-Piérard – N. Massar (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 165-173. BODIOU L. – MEHL V. 2008b: « Sociologie des odeurs en pays grec », in L. Bodiou – D. Frere – V. Mehl (eds), Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 141-163. BOEGEHOLD L. A. 1996: “Group and single competitions at the Panathenaia”, in J. Neils (ed.), Worshipping Athena. Panathenaia and Parthenon, Madison, 95-105. BOELLE-WEBER C. 2016: “I-JE-RE-JA, KA-RA-WI-PO-RO, AND OTHERS… Women in Mycenaean religion”, in S. L. Budin – J. MacIntosh Turfa (eds), Women in Antiquity. Real women across the Ancient World, London – New York, 608-617. BOEHM S. 1990: Die Nackte Göttin. Zur Ikonographie und Deutung unbekleideter weiblicher Figuren in der fruhgriechischen Kunst, Mainz. BÖHM S. 2014: Korinthische Figurenvasen: Düfte, Gaben und Symbole, Regensburg. BOL P. C. 1988: “Die Marmobüsten aus dem Heroon von Kalydon in Agrinion, Archäologisches Museum Inv. Nr 28-36”, AntP 19, 35-47. BOL P. C. 2004 (ed.): Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst, II. Klassische Plastik, Mainz. BOMMELAER J.-F. – LAROCHE D. 1991: Guide de Delphes. Le site, Paris. BON A. – SEYRIG H. 1929: « Le sanctuaire de Poséidon à Thasos », BCH 53, 317-350. BONFANTE L. 1989: “Nudity as a Costume in Classical Art”, AJA 93, 543-570. BONFANTE L. 1993: “Etruscan Nudity”, Source: Notes in the History of Art, 12(2), 47-55. BOTTINI A. – TORELLI M. 2006 (eds): Iliade, Exhibition catalogue, Verona. BOTTINI S. 1996: « Les lydia du Musée d’Art et d’Histoire de Genève », AntK 39, 138-143. 745 BOUDON-MILLOT V. 2013: « Cosmétique et commôtique chez Galien: à propos de quelques recettes », in M. Labonnelie (ed.), La coupe d’Hygie : Médecine et chimie dans l’Antiquité, Dijon, 17-32. BOUROGIANNIS G. 2014: « Rhodes et les parfums », in A. Coulié – M. Filimonos-Tsopotou (eds), Rhodes une île grecque aux portes de l’Orient XVe – Ve siècle avant J.-C., Paris, 112-115. BOWIE A. 1993: “Oil in Ancient Greece and Rome”, in M. Dudley – G. Rowell (eds), The Oil of Gladness: anointing in the Christian Tradition, London. BRAUND D. – HALL E. 2014: “Gender, Role and Performer in Athenian Theatre Iconography: A Masked Tragic Chorus with Kalos and Kale Captions from Olbia”, JHS 134, 1-11. BRECCIA E. 1912: La necropoli di Sciatbi. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes, Musée d’Alexandrie, Le Caire. BRECOULAKI H. 2006: La peinture funéraire de Macédoine: emplois et fonctions de la couleur IVe– IIe s. av. J.-C. (Μελετήματα 48), Athènes. BRENNE S. 2000: “Indices zu Kalos-Namen”, Tyche 15, 31-53. BRINKMANN V. 1998: Frisuren in Stein: Arbeitsweisen frühgriechischer Bildhauer, München. BROMMER F. 1980: “Plemochoe”, AA, 544-549. BRØNS C. 2016: Gods and Garments: Textiles in Greek Sanctuaries in the 7th to the 1st centuries BC, Oxford. BRUCKNER A. 1954: Palästradarstellungen auf frührotfigurigen attischen Vasen, Basel. BRUIT ZAIDMAN L. 2008 : « Les parfums et l’encens dans les offrades et les sacrifices », in A. Verbanck-Piérard – N. Massar (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 181-189. BRUN J.-P. 1999: « Laudatissimum fuit antiquitus in Delo insula. La maison IB du Quartier du stade et la production des parfums à Délos », BCH 123(1), 87-155. BRUN J.-P. 2000: “The Production of Perfumes in Antiquity: The Cases of Delos and Paestum”, AJA 104, 277-308. BRUN J.-P. 2008a: « Parfumerie et parfumeurs aux époques hellénistique et romaine : technique, production et statut », in A. Verbanck-Piérard – N. Massar (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 233-244. BRUN J.-P. 2008b: « Une parfumerie à Delos à la fin de l’époque hellénistique », in A. Verbanck-Piérard – N. Massar (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 245-250. BRUN J.-P. – FERNANDEZ X. 2015: Parfums antiques. De l’archéologue au chimiste, Milano. BUDIN S. L. 2010: “Aphrodite Enoplion”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 79-112. BURKE B. 2016: “Beyond Penelope. Women and the role of textiles in Early Greece”, in S. L. Budin – J. MacIntosh Turfa (eds), Women in Antiquity. Real women across the Ancient World, London – New York, 635-646. BURKERT W. 1985: Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical, Cambridge, MA. BURKERT W. 1992: The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age, Cambridge, MA. BURKERT W. 1997: “From Epiphany to Cult Statue: Early Greek Theos”, in A. B. Lloyd (ed.), What is a God?, London. BUSCHOR E. 1995: Το Ελληνιστικό Πορτραίτο, Athens. BYVANCK-QUARLES VAN UFFORD L. 1986: « La coiffure des jeunes dames d’Athènes au second quart du 5ème siècle av. J.C. », in H. A. G. Brijder A. A. Drukker C. W. Neeft (eds), Enthousiasmos. Essays on Greek and Related Pottery presented to J. M. Hemelrijk, Amsterdam, 135-140. CAIRNS D. L. 2002: “The Meaning of the Veil in Ancient Greek Culture”, in L. Llewellyn-Jones (ed.), Women's Dress in the Ancient Greek World, London, 73-93. CALEY E. R. – RICHARDS J. F. C. 1956: Theophrastus on stones, Ohio. CARANNANTE Α. – D’ACUNTO M. 2012 (eds): I profumi nelle società antiche: produzione, commercio, usi valori simbolici, Paestum. CARAPANOS C. 1878: Dodone et ses ruines, Paris. CARBONI R. 2013: “Divagazione sul tema del sandalo: significato e valenza tra la sfera celeste e quella ctonia”, Gaia 16, 113-132. CAREY C. 2016: “Ancient Greek aspects on the body human and divine”, in V. Penna (ed.), Heads and Tails. Tales and Bodies: Engraving the Human Figure from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period, Ghent, 331-340. CARNE-ROSS D. S. 2002: Πίνδαρος, Thessaloniki. CARROLL-SPILLECKE M. 1989: ΚΗΠΟΣ. Der antike griechische Garten, München. CASKEY M. E. – CASKEY J. L. – BOUZAKI S. – MANIATIS Y. 1986: The Temple at Ayia Irini. Part I: The Statues, Princeton. CAVASSA L. 2018: « La production du bleu égyptien durant l’époque hellénistique et l’Empire romain (IIIe s. av. J.-C.-Ier s. apr. J.-C.) », in P. Jockey (ed.), Les arts de la couleur en Grèce ancienne …et ailleurs. Approches interdisciplinaires, BCH Suppl. 56, 13-34. 746 CEVIZOĞLU H. 2015: “Klazomenian Sarcophagus or Bathtub? The Use of Bathtubs in Burial Contexts”, in R. G. Gürtekin-Demir – H. Cevizoğlu – Y. Polat – G. Polat (eds), Keramos. Ceramics: A Cultural Approach, Proceedings of the First International Conference at Ege University, May 9-13, 2011, Izmir, Ankara, 61-72. CHANIOTIS A. – CORSTEN T. – STROUD R. S. – TYBOUT R. A. 2005: “SEG 55-668. Agios Athanasios. Inscribed vase, ca. 350-300 B.C.”, in Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (eds: Α. Chaniotis, Τ. Corsten Ε. Stavrianopolou, Ν. Papazarkadas). Access April 22, 2021: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18746772_seg_a55_668 CHANIOTIS A. 2011: “The ithyphallic hymn for Demetrios Poliorketes and Hellenistic religious mentality”, in P. P. Iossif – A. S. Chankowski – C. C. Lorber (eds), More than Men, Less than Gods. Studies in Royal Cult and Imperial Worship. Proceedings of the International Colloquium Organized by the Belgian School at Athens (1-2 November 2007), Leuven, 157-195. CHAPOUTHIER F. 1944: “A propos d’un éventail. De l’exotisme dans Euripide”, REA 46, 209-216. CHARALAMBIDOU X. – MORGAN C. 2017 (eds): Interpreting the Seventh Century BC: Tradition and Innovation, Oxford. CHARATZOPOULOU C. 2006: « L’héroon de Kalydon revisité », in A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets – M. B. Hatzopoulos – Y. Morizot (eds), Rois, Cités, Nécropoles. Institutions, rites et monuments en Macédoine, Meletēmata 45, Athénes, 63-87. CHATZIDIMITRIOU Α. 2008: « Représentations de vente et d’achat d’huile sur les vases attiques à l’époque archaïque et classique », in L. Bodiou – D. Frère – V. Mehl, Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 237-244. CHAZALON L. 2013: Napoli Museo Nazionale - Collezione Borbonica [CVA - Italia, 77], Roma. CHIANG T. 2002: “Liking What You See: A Documentary”, in T. Chiang, Stories of Your Life and Others, New York. CHIARINI S. 2018: The So-called Nonsense Inscriptions on Ancient Greek Vases: Between Paideia and Paidiá, London – Boston. CHILDS W. A. P. 2018: Greek Art and Aesthetics in the Fourth Century B.C., Princeton. CHRISTENSEN J. P. – BARKER E. T. E. 2011: “On Not Remembering Tydeus: Agamemnon, Diomedes and the Contest for Thebes”, Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici 66, 9-43. CHRISTESEN P. – KYLE D. G. 2014 (eds): A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, Malden – Oxford – Chichester. CHRISTESEN P. 2012: “Athletics and Social Order in Sparta in the Classical Period”, Classical Antiquity 31, 193-255. CHRISTESEN P. 2018. “Sparta and Athletics”, in A. Powell (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Sparta, Hoboken, 543-563. CHRISTESEN P. 2007a: Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History, Cambridge. CHRISTESEN P. 2007b: “The Transformation of Athletics in Sixth-Century Greece”, in G. Schaus – S. R. Wenn (eds), Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games, Waterloo/ Ontario, 58-68. CHRUBASIK B. 2016: Kings and Usurpers in the Seleukid Empire: The Men Who Would Be King, Oxford. CLAIRMONT C. 1993: Classical Attic Tombstones, Kilchberg. CLARK K. 2010: The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form, London. CLASSEN C. – HOWES D. – SYNNOTT A. 1994: Aroma. The Cultural History of Smell, London – New York. CLELAND L. 2005: The Brauron Clothing Catalogues: Text, Analysis, Glossary and Translation, Oxford. CLINTON K. 1992: Myth and Cult. The Iconography of the Eleusinian Mysteries, Stockholm. COCHE DE LA FERTE E. 1956: Les bijoux antiques, Paris. COHEN A. – RUTTER J. B. 2007 (eds): Constructions of childhood in ancient Greece and Italy (Hesperia Suppl. 41), Princeton. COHEN B. 1993: “The Anatomy of Kassandra's Rape: Female Nudity Comes of Age in Greek Art”, Source: Notes in the History of Art, 12(2), 37-46. COHEN B. 2000: “Divesting the Female Breast of Clothes in Classical Sculpture”, in A. O. Koloski-Ostrow – C. L. Lyons (eds), Naked Truths. Women, Sexuality and Gender in Classical Art and Archaeology, London – New York, 66-92. COHEN B. 2006 (ed.): The Colors of Clay. Special Techniques in Athenian Vases, Los Angeles. COLDSTREAM J. N. – CATLING H. W. 1996: Knossos North Cemetery. Early Greek Tombs, London. COLDSTREAM J. N. 1969: “The Phoenicians of Ialysos”, BICS 16, 1-8. CONGDON L. O. K. 1981: Caryatid Mirrors of Ancient Greece. Technical, Stylistic and Historical Considerations of an Archaic and Early Classical Bronze Series, Mainz. CONNELLY J. B. 1996: “Parthenon and Parthenoi: A Mythological Interpretation of the Parthenon Frieze”, AJA 100, 53-80. CORNELIUS I. 2014: “‘Revisiting’ Astarte in the Iconography of the Bronze Age Levant”, in D. T. Sugimoto, Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar - Astarte – Aphrodite, Fribourg, 87-102. CORSO A. 2002: «Αρχαία ελληνικά υποδήματα», Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες 82, 59-67. 747 CRIELAARD J. P. 1995: “Homer, History and Archaeology: Some Remarks on the Date of the Homeric World”, in J. P. Crielaard (ed.), Homeric Questions. Essays in Philology, Ancient History and Archaeology, Amsterdam, 201-288. CROISSANTF. 2011: « Deux sculpteurs athéniens du milieu du IVe siècle: Praxias père et fils », RA 52, 309-322. CROOM A. 2005: “Roman Cosmetics”, The Arbeia Journal 8, 119-127. CROWTHER Ν. Β. 1977: “Weightlifting in Antiquity: Achievement and Training”, Greece and Rome 24, 111-120. CROWTHER Ν. Β. 1985: “Male ‘beauty’ contests in Ancient Greece. The Euandria and the Euexia”, AntCl 54, 285-291. CROWTHER N. B. 2001: “Visiting the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece: Travel and Conditions for Athletes and Spectators”, The International Journal of the History of Sport 18, 37-52. CULLEN DAVISON C. – LUNDGREEN B. – WAYWELL G. B. 2009: Pheidias – The Sculptures and Ancient Sources: Volume 1 (BICS Suppl. 105), Oxford. CULTRARO M. 2012: “Aromi di palazzo: per un’archeologia dei profumi nell’Egeo dell’Età del Bronzo”, in A. Carannante – M. D’Acunto (eds), I profumi nelle società antiche: produzione, commercio, usi valori simbolici, Paestum, 169-189. D’ACUNTO M. 2012: “I profumi nella Grecia alto-arcaica e arcaica: produzione, commercio, comportamenti sociali”, in A. Carannante – M. D’Acunto (eds), I profumi nelle società antiche: produzione, commercio, usi valori simbolici, Paestum, 191-233. D’ACUNTO M. 2013: Il mondo del vaso Chigi. Pittura, guerra e società a Corinto alla metà del VII. Secolo a.C., Berlin. D’AGOSTINI M. 2016: “Representation and Agency of Royal Women in Hellenistic Dynastic Crises. The Case of Berenike and Laodike I (The Year 246 and the Third Syrian War)”, in A. Bielman Sanchez – I. Cogitore – A. Kolb (eds), Femmes influentes dans le monde hellénistique et a Rome, Grenoble, 35-60. DAHMEN K. 2007: The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins. London – New York. DANTO A. C. 2003: The Abuse of Beauty, Chicago. DASEN V. 2019: “Hoops and Coming of Age in Greek and Roman Antiquity”, 8th International Toy Research Association World Conference, July 2018, Paris. Access April 16, 2021: https://hal-univ-paris13. archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02170802/document DAVIES J. K. 1971: Athenian Propertied Families, 600-300 B.C., Oxford. DAVIES P. 2013: “‘Kalos kagathos' and Scholarly Perceptions of Spartan Society”, Historia 62, 259279. DAVISON C. C. – LUNDGREEN B. – WAYWELL G. B. 2009: Pheidias - The Sculptures and Ancient Sources (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 105), London. DAYAGI-MENDELS M. 1989: Perfumes and Cosmetics in the Ancient World, Jerusalem. DAYTON J. 2006: 'The Athletes of War': An Evaluation of the Agonistic Elements in Greek Warfare, Toronto. DE CARO S. 1999 (ed.): Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli: Guida alle collezioni, Napoli. DE CARO S. 2000 (ed.): Il Gabinetto segreto del Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli: Guida alla collezione, Milano-Napoli. DE LA GENIÈRE J. 1984: « Parfumés comme Crésus. De l’origine du lécythe attique”, BCH 108, 9198. DE MIRO E. 1996: « La scultura siceliota in Sicilia nell’età classica » , in G. Pugliese Carratelli (ed.), I Greci in Occidente, Exhibition catalogue, Milano. DE RIDDER A. 1896: Bronzes Trouvés sur l' Acropole d'Athènes, Paris. DE TOMMASO G. 1998: “Myropólia”, in G. Capecchi et. al. (ed.), In memoria di Enrico Paribeni, Roma, 147-152. DE WAELE F. D. 1961: Corinthe et Saint Paul - les antiquités de la Grèce, Paris. DECKER W. 2004: Ο αθλητισμός στην ελληνική αρχαιότητα, Athens. DELAMARE F. 2013: “Egyptian blue, the blue pigment of Mediterranean antiquity: From Egyptian hsbd iryt to roman caeruleum”, in F. Delamare, Blue pigments: 5000 years of art and industry, London, 1-36. DELIVORRIAS A. 1974: Attische Giebelskulpturen und Akrotere des 5. Jh., Tübingen. DENOYELLE M. 1998: “Euphronios et Léagros un couple impossible: deux inscriptions ephroniennes à relire”, Mètis 13, 7-15. DEPPERT-LIPPITZ B. 1985: Griechischer Goldschmuck, Mainz am Rhein. DEPPERT-LIPPITZ B. 1998: “Greek Bracelets of the Classical Period”, in D. Williams (ed.), The Art of the Greek Goldsmith, London, 91-94. DESCAMPS-LEQUIME S. – CHARATZOPOULOU K. 2011 (eds): Au royaume d’ Alexandre le Grand. La Macédoine antique, Catalogue de l’exposition, Paris. DESLAURIERS Μ. 2012: “Women, Education, and Philosophy”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 343-353. DETIENNE M. 1972: Les jardins d’Adonis. La mythologie des parfums et des aromates en Grèce, Paris. DEVAMBEZ P. 1941: “Sculptures d’un monument chorégique à Thasos”, MonPiot 38, 93-116. 748 DIERICHS A. 1998: “Auf den Spuren der Venus. Bilder der Liebesgoettin aus Pompeji (Teil 1)”, Antike Welt 29, 281-296. DIEZ E. 1955: “Flabella”, AA 70, 58-69. DILLON S. 2010: The Female Portrait Statue in the Greek World, Cambridge. DILLON S. 2012a: “Hellenistic Tanagra Figurines in James”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 231-234. DILLON S. 2012b: “Female Portraiture in the Hellenistic Period”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 263-277. DOHRN T. 1968: “Die Marmor-Standbilder des Daochos-Weihgeschenks in Delphi”, AntP 8, 35-62. DOUMAS C. 1992: The Wall-Paintings of Thera, Athens. DOURDOUMAS H. 2021: “ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἴθε πλούσιος γενοίμαν - Verkauf von aromatisiertem Öl auf attischen Vasen”, in C. Lang-Auinger – E. Trinkl (eds), Griechische Vasen als Medium für Kommunikation. Ausgewählte Aspekte, CVA Österreich Beiheft 3, Wien, 157-165. DOVER K. J. 1978: Greek Homosexuality, London. DOVER K. J. 1994: Marginal Comment, London. DRACHMANN A. B. 1903 – 1927 (ed.): Scholia vetera in Pindari carmina, Leipzig. DRANDAKI A. – PAPANIKOLA-BAKIRTZI D. – TOURTA A. 2013 (eds): Heaven and Earth. Art from Byzantium from Greek Collections, Athens. DROUGOU S. 2018: “The Gold-Threaded Textile of Vergina-Aigai”, in T. Korkut – B. Özen-Kleine (eds), Festschrift für Heide Froning, Istanbul, 81-92. DUHOUX Y. 1976: Aspects du Vocabulaire Économique Mycénien (cadastre-artisanat-fiscalité), Amsterdam. DUKAT J. 1966: « Les vases plastiques Rhodiens archaïques en terre cuite », BÉFAR 209, Paris. DUNBABIN K. M. D. 1999: Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge. DURAND J.-L. – LISSARRAGUE F. 1980: « Un lieu d’image? L’espace du loutérion », Hephaistos 2, 89-106. DYGGVE E. – POULSEN F. – RHOMAIOS K. A. 1934: Das Heroon von Kalydon, Copenhagen. DΕ JULIIS E. M. 1985: Gli ori di Taranto in età ellenistica, Milano. EBBINGHAUS S. 2008: “Of Rams, Women, and Orientals: A Brief History of Attic Plastic Vases,” in K. Lapatin (ed.), Papers on Special Techniques in Athenian Vases, Los Angeles, 145-160. EBERT J. 1972: Griechische Epigramme auf Sieger an gymnischen und hippischen Agonen, Berlin. ECO U. 2004a: History of Beauty, New York. ECO U. 2004b: Ιστορία της Ομορφιάς, Athens. EIGLER U. – WÖHRLE G. 1993: Theophrast De odoribus. Edition, Übersetzung, Kommentar (Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 37), Stuttgart. EROS GREC 1989: Eros grec. Amour des Dieux et des Hommes, Exhibition catalogue, Athènes. ESPOSITO A. M. – DE TOMMASO G. 1993: Vasi Attici. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze Antiquarium, Firenze. FAIRBANKS A. 1907: Athenian Lekythoi with Outline Drawing in Matt Color on a White Ground, vol. Ι, New York. FAIRBANKS A. 1914: Athenian Lekythoi with Outline Drawing in Matt Color on a White Ground, vol. ΙΙ, New York. FANTHAM E. – PEET FOLEY H. – BOYMEL KAMPEN N. – POMEROY S. B. – SHAPIRO H. A. 1994: Women in the Classical World Image and Text, New York – Oxford. FAURE P. 1987: Parfums et aromates de l’Antiquité, Paris. FAPPAS I. 2008: “The use of perfumed oils during feasting activities: a comparison of Mycenaean and Near Eastern written sources”, in M.-L. Hitchcock – R. Laffineur – J. Crowley (eds), DAIS, The Aegean Feast (Aegaeum 29), Liège, 367-375. FAPPAS I. 2011: “Exchange of ideas in the 14th and 13th Centuries BC East Mediterranean: the case of perfumed oil use and ideology”, in K. Duistermaat – I. Regulski (eds), Intercultural Contacts in the Ancient Mediterranean. Proceedings of the International Conference at the Netherlands-Flemish Institute in Cairo, 25th to 29th October 2008, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 202, Leuven, 483-498. FAPPAS I. 2016: “Oils and perfumes in the Mycenaean Palatial Economy”, in J.-P. Carlier – F. Joannès – F. Rougemont – J. Zurbach (eds), Palatial Economy in the Ancient Near East and in the Aegean: First Steps Towards a Comprehensive Study and Analysis (1st ESF Exploratory Workshop), Paris, Sèvres, 17-18 September 2010, Pisa – Roma, 221-238. FAPPAS I. 2020: “‘The Oil of Gladness’: the Ancient Tradition of the Manufacture of Aromatic Oils in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean”, in M. Panagiotaki (ed.), Cutting-edge Technologies in Ancient Greece. Proceedings of an International Conference held in Rhodes, 12-14 January 2018, Oxford, 125-132. FAPPAS I. 2021, “Oils and Unguents in Hittite Anatolia and Mycenaean Greece: Integrating Linguistic and Archaeological Evidence”, in Ν. Μερούσης – Μ. Νικολαΐδου (eds), Μυρρίνη, Τιμητικός Τόμος στην Καθηγήτρια Αικ. Παπαευθυμίου-Παπανθίμου, Thesaloniki, in print. FARAONE C. A., MCCLURE L. K. 2006 (eds): Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World, Madison. 749 FAURE P. 1987: Parfums et aromates de l’Antiquité, Paris. FAURE P. 2004: Μύρα και αρώματα της αρχαιότητας, Athens. FAVARETTO I. – DE PAOLI M. – DOSSI M. C. 2004 (eds): Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Venezia, Milano. FAVARETTO I. – TRAVERSARI G. 1993: Tesori di scultura greca a Venezia, Venezia. FERRARI G. 2002: Figures of Speech. Men and Maidens in Ancient Greece, Chicago - London. FERRARI G. 2003: “Myth and Genre on Athenian Vases”, ClAnt 22, 37-54. FERRI S. 1961: “Leagros kalos, Glaukon kalos”, La parola del passato 16, 174-180. FILGES A. 2002: “Schlauchkleid, Peronatris, Stola. Die Genese einer Frauentracht”, ΑΑ, 259-271. FILSER W. 2017: Die Elite Athens auf der attischen Luxuskeramik, Berlin – Boston. FINK J. 1938: Die Haartrachten der Griechen in der ersten Hälfte des ersten Jahrtausends vor Christus, Würzburg-Aumühle. FISCHER M. 2008: The Prostitute and her Headdress: the Mitra, Sakkos and Kekryphalos in Attic Red-figure Vase-painting ca. 550-450 BCE., (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), The University of Calgary. FISCHER M. 2009: The Prostitute and her Headdress: Mitra, Sakkos and Kekryphalos in Attic Red-figure Vase-painting ca. 550-450 BCE, Saarbrücken. FISHER N. R. E. 2006: “The Pleasures of Reciprocity: Charis and the Athletic Body in Pindar”, in F. Prost – J. Wilgaux (eds), Penser et représenter le corps dans l'Antiquité, Rennes, 227-245. FORBES R. J. 1965: Studies in Ancient Technology, vol. III2, Leiden. FORTENBAUGH W. W. – HUBY P. – SHARPLES R. – GUTAS D. 1992 (eds): Theophrastus of Eresus: Sources for his Life, Writings, Thought and Influence, Leiden. FOSTER E. 1974: The Manufacture and Trade of Mycenaean Perfumed Oim, (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Duke University. FRANCIS E. D. – VICKERS M. 1981: “Leagros Kalos”, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society N.S. 27(207), 97-136. FRASER P. M. 1977: Rhodian Funerary Monuments, Oxford. FREEDBERG D. 1989: The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response, Berkeley. FREYER-SCHAUENBURG B. 1966: Elfenbeine aus dem samischen Heraion. Figϋrliches, Gefäße und Siegel, Hamburg. FRIEDERICHS K. 1871: Kleinere Kunst und Industrie im Altertum, Berlin. FRONTISI F. – VERNANT J. P. 2001: Στο μάτι του καθρέφτη, Athens. FRONTISI-DUCROUX F. – LISSARRAGUE F. 1998: “Signe, objet, support: regard privé, regard public”, Ktema 23, 137-143. FRONTISI-DUCROUX F. 1998: “Kalé: le féminin facultative”, Mètis 13, 173-187. FUCHS O. 1974: Der attische Adel im Spiegel der “Kalos-Inschriften” (480-410) (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Universität Wien. FUCHS W. – FLOREN J. 1987: Die Griechische Plastik, Band I: Die geometrische und archaische Plastik, München. FURTWÄNGLER A. 1883-1887: Die Sammlung Sabouroff. Kunstdenkmäler aus Griechenland II, Berlin. FURTWÄNGLER Α. 1886: “Erwerbungen der königlichen Museen zu Berlin 1885”, JdI 1, 129-161. FÜRTWӒNGLER A. 1893: Meisterwerke der griechischen Plastik, Leipzig – Berlin. FURTWÄNGLER A. – REICHHOLD K. 1909: Griechische Vasenmalerei. Auswahl hervorragender Vasenbilder, München. GANSELL A. R. 2012: “Women in Ancient Mesopotamia”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 11-24. GARDINER E. N. 1930: Athletics of the Ancient World, Oxford. GASPARRI C. 2007 (ed.): Le sculture Farnese: storia e documenti, Napoli. GASPARRI C. 2009 (ed.): Le sculture Farnese. I, Le sculture ideali, Napoli. GASPARRI C. 2010 (ed.): Le sculture Farnese. III, Le sculture delle Terme di Caracalla - Rilievi e varia, Napoli. GASPARRI C. 2019 (ed.): La Collezione Farnese. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, Napoli. GAUNT J. 2014: “The Classical Marble Pyxis and Dexilla’s Dedication”, in R. B. Koehl (ed.), AMILLA, The Quest for Excellence. Studies Presented to Guenter Kopcke in Celebration of His 75th Birthday, Philadelphia, 381-398. GAUΒ W. – RUPPENSTEIN F. 2020: “Pottery”, in Ι. Lemos – Α. Kotsonas (eds), A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean, Hoboken, 433-470. GEBAUER J. 2002: Pompe und Thysia. Attische Tieropferdarstellungen auf schwarz- und rotfigurigen Vasen, Münster. GEDDESS G. D. 1987: “Rags and Riches. The Costume of the Athenian Men in the 5th Century”, ClQ 37(2), 301-331. GENTILI G. V. 2002: “I due kouroi da Osimo e i tre kouroi del vecchio museo Archeologico di Siracusa nello studio e ricordo di Luigi Bernabò Brea”, in M. Cavalier – M. Bernabò Brea (eds), In memoria di Luigi Bernabò Brea, Palermo, 67-106. GEOMINY W. 1998: “Zum Daochos-Weihgeschenk”, Klio 80, 369-402. 750 GEOMINY W. 2007: “The Daochos Monument at Delphi. The Style and Setting of a Family Portrait in Historic Dress”, in P. Schultz – R. von den Hoff (eds), Early Hellenistic Portraiture. Image, style, context, New York, 84-98. GEORGOULA E. 2005 (ed.): Greek Treasures from the Benaki Museum in Athens, Exhibition catalogue, Sydney. GENDERS R. 1972a: Perfume through the Ages, New York. GENDERS R. 1972b: A History of Scent, London. GERBER D. E. 1997 (ed.): A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets, Leiden – New York – Köln. GERBER D. E. 1997: “Tyrtaeus”, in D. E. Gerber (ed.), A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets, Leiden – New York – Köln, 102-107. GERHARDT K. O. – SEARLES S. – BIERS W. R. 1990: “Corinthian Figure Vases: Non-Destructive Extraction and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry”, in W. R. Biers – P. E. McGovern (eds), Organic Contents of Ancient Vessels. Materials Analysis Archaeological Investigation, (MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, vol. 7), Philadelphia, 41-50. GERICKE H. 1970: Gefässdarstellungen auf griechischen Vasen, Berlin. GHERCHANOC F. 2011: “Maquillage et identité : du visage au masque, de la décence à l’outrage, de la parure à l’artifice,” in L. Bodiou – F. Gherchanoc – V. Huet – V. Mehl (eds), Parures et artifices: le corps exposé dans l’Antiquité, Paris, 23-44. GIALOURIS N. – ANDRONIKOS M. – RHOMIOPOULOU K. 1980 (eds): The search for Alexander: an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, Boston. GIMBUTAS M. 1991: The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe, New York. GINOUVÈS R. 1962: Balaneutikè. Recherches sur le bain dans l’antiquité grecque, Paris. GKIKAKI M. 2014: Die weiblichen Frisuren auf den Münzen und in der Grossplastik der klassischen und hellenistischen Zeit: Typen und Ikonologie, Rahden. GLAZENBROOK A., HENRY M. M. 2011 (eds): Greek Prostitutes in the Ancient Mediterranean, 800 BCE–200 CE, Madison. GOLDEN M. 1998: Sport and Society in Ancient Greece, Cambridge – New York. GOLDEN M. 2004: Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z, London – New York. GOLDSTONE Α. P. – BEALES P. L. 2008: “Genetic Obesity Syndromes”, Obesity and Metabolism 36, 37-60. GOMBRICH E. H. 1960: Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation, New York. GOMME A. W. 1945: A Historical Commentary on Thucydides, Oxford. GOODISON L. – MORRIS C. 2013: “Goddesses in Prehistory”, in D. Bolger (ed.), A Companion to Gender Prehistory, Oxford, 265-289. GORKY M. 1932: My Apprenticeship, Moscow. GOROGIANNI E. 2011: “Goddess, Lost Ancestors, and Dolls. A Cultural Biography of the Ayia Irini Terracotta Statues”, Hesperia 80, 635–655. GRANDJEAN Υ. – SALVIAT F. 2000: Guide de Thasos, Paris. GRECO C. 2010: “Il kouros di Reggio Calabria: aspetti e problemi”, in G. Adornato (ed.), Scolpire il marmo. Importazioni, artisti itineranti, scuole artistiche nel Mediterraneo antico, Atti del Convegno, (Pisa, 9-11 novembre 2009), Milano, 127-141. GREEN J. D. M. 2018: “Gender and Sexuality”, in A. C. Gunter (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Art, Oxford. GREENEWALT C. H. 1966: Lydian Pottery of the Sixth Century B.C.: the Lydion and Marbled Ware (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Pennsylvania. GRENFELL B. P. – HUNT A. S. 1915: The Oxyhynchus Payrii, Part XI, London. GRILLET B. 1975: Les femmes et les fards dans l’Antiquité grecque, Lyon. GRISBROOKE W. J. 1993: “Blessings of Oil and Anointings: The Byzantine Rite”, in M. Dudley – G. Rowell (eds) The Oil of Gladness: anointing in the Christian Tradition, London, 211-218. GUALANDI G. 1976a: “L’Atena Lemnia e il momento classico nella collezione Palagi”, Il Carrobbio. Rivista di studi bolognesi 2, 205-224. GUALANDI G. 1976b: “Sculture di Rodi”, ASAtene 54, 7-259. GUBERTI BASSETT S. 2000: “‘Excellent Offerings’: The Lausos Collection in Constantinople”, The Art Bulletin, 82(1), 6-25. GULDAGER BILDE P. 1994: “Ritual and Power: The Fan as a Sign of Rank in Central Italian Society”, AnalRom 22, 7-34. GUTTMANN A. 1991: Women’s Sport: A History, New York. GYSELEN R. 1998 (ed.): Parfums d’Orient, Bures-sur-Yvette. HADJIMICHAEL T. A. 2015: “ Sports-writing: Bacchylides' Athletic Descriptions”, Mnemosyne 68, 363-392. HALLIWELL S. 2002: The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems, Princeton. HANCOCK E. K. 2008: Masculinity and the Male Body from the World of Ancients to the World Wide Web (Unpubl. Diss.), University of Oregon. HANSEN P. A. 1974: “An Olympic Victor by the name of ‘-kles’- An Archaic Funerary Inscription”, Kadmos 13, 156-163. 751 HARRISON E. B. 1988: “Greek Sculptured Coiffures and Ritual Haircuts”, in R. Hägg – N. Marinatos – G. C. Nordquist (eds), Early Greek Cult Practice: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 26-29 June 1986, Stockholm, 247-254. HARRISON E. B. 1960: “New Sculpture from the Athenian Agora, 1959”, Hesperia 29, 369-392. HASPELS C. H. E. 1927-1928: “How the aryballos was suspended”, BSA 29, 216-223. HASPELS C. H. E. 1936: Attic Βlack-Figured Lekythoi, Paris. HAVELOCK C. M. 1995: The Aphrodite of Knidos and Her Successors. A Historical Review of the Female Nude in Greek Art, Ann Arbor. HEDREEN G. 2001: Capturing Troy. The Narrative Functions of Landscape in Archaic and Early Classical Greek Art, Ann Arbor. HEDREEN G. 2016: “So-and-so-kale: A Reexamination”, in D. Yatromanolakis (ed.), Epigraphy of Art. Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings, Oxford, 53-72. HEDREEN G. 2019: “Review of The Transformation of Athens: Painted Pottery and the Creation of Classical Greece, By Robin Osborne. Pp. xx + 285, figs. 177, pls. 35. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2018”, AJA 123.2. HENDERSON J. 1991: The Maculate Muse. Obscene Language in Attic Comedy, New York - Oxford. HERFORT-KOCH. M. 1986: Archaische Bronzeplastiκ Lakoniens, Münster. HEYDEMANN H. 1872: Die Vasensammlungen des Museo Nazionale zu Neapel, Berlin. HIGGINS R. A. 1954: Catalogue of the Terracottas in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, vol. I, Greek: 730 – 330 BC., London. HIGGINS R. A. 1959: Catalogue of the Terracottas. Department of Greek and Roman antiquities, British Museum, vol. 2, London. HIGGINS R. A 1961: Greek and Roman Jewellery, London. HIGGINS R. A. 1980: Greek and Roman Jewellery, Berkeley – Los Angeles. HILL D. K. 1976: “An Early Greek Faience Alabastron”, AJA 80, 420-423. HINTZEN-BOHLEN B. 1992: Herrscherrepräsentation im Hellenismus, Köln. HITCHCOCK L. – NIKOLAIDOU M. 2013: “Gender in Greek and Aegean Prehistory”, in D. Bolger (ed.), A Companion to Gender Prehistory, Oxford, 502-525. HODDER I. 1990: The Domestication of Europe: Structure and Contingency in Neolithic Societies, Oxford. HODDER I. 2010 (ed.): Religion in the Emergence of Civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study, Cambridge. HODDER I. – MESKELL L. 2010: “The Symbolism of Çatalhöyük in Its Regional Context”, in I. Hodder (ed.), Religion in the Emergence of Civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study, Cambridge, 32-72. HOFFMANN H. – DAVIDSON P. F. 1965: Greek Gold: Jewelry from the Age of Alexander, Exhibition catalogue, Mainz am Rhein. HØJTE J. M. 2009: “Portraits and statues of Mithridates VI”, in J. M. Højte (ed.), Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom, Aarhus, 145-162. HÖLBL G. 1987: “Typology of Form and Material in Classifying Small Aegytpiaca in the Mediterranean During Archaic Times: With Special Reference to Faience Found on Rhodian Sites”, in M. Bimson – I. C. Freestone (eds), Early Vitreous Materials, (British Museum Occasional Paper No 56), London, 115-126. HOLDEN B. M. 1964: The Metopes of the Temple of Athena at Ilion, Northampton Mass. HOLTZMANN B. 2005: « Praxias et fils: un atelier de sculpture attique actif á Thasos durant la seconde moitié du IVe siècle av. J.-C. », in V. M. Strocka (ed.), Meisterwerke. Internationales Symposium anläßlich des 150. Geburtstages von Adolf Furtwängler, Freiburg 30. Juni – 3. Juli 2003, München, 169-177. HOMMEL H. 1978: Bocksbeutel und Aryballos (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl. 2 Abh.), Heidelberg. HORNBLOWER S. – MORGAN C. (eds) 2007: Pindar's Poetry, Patrons, and Festivals: from Αrchaic Greece to the Roman Empire, New York – Oxford. HORNBOSTEL W. 1980: Aus Gräbern und Heiligtümern. Die Antikensammlung W. Kropatschek, Mainz am Rhein. HORT A. F. 1916 (ed.): Theophrastus. Enquiry into Plants, Volume II: Books 6-9. On Odours. Weather Signs (Loeb Classical Library 79), Cambridge, MA. HUBER K. 1999: Le ceramiche attiche a figure rosse (Gravisca 6), Bari. HÜBNER G. 2018: “Die Dächer des großen Tempels von Thermos (Ätolien): der plastische Schmuck”, in Α. Μουστάκα (ed.), Πήλινα γλυπτά και κεραμώσεις: Νέα ευρήματα και νέες προοπτικές, Παρασκευή 15 Μαΐου 2015, Upper House, British School at Athens, Πρακτικά, Athens, 33-60. HURWITT J. M. 2007: "The Problem with Dexileos: Heroic and Other Nudities in Greek Art”, AJA 111, 35-60. HUTTON R. 1997: “The Neolithic Great Goddess: A Study in Modern Tradition”, Antiquity 71, 91-99. HYDE W. W. 1921: Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art, Washington. HYLAND D. A. 2008: Plato and the Question of Beauty, Bloomington. IGNATIADOU D. – LAMBROTHANASSI E. 2013: “A Glass Kotyle and a Faience Pyxis from Thessaloniki”, JGS 55, 35-52. 752 IMMERWAHR H. 1982: “A Lekythos in Toronto and the Golden Youth of Athens”, in T. Leslie Shear (ed.), Studies in Attic Epighraphy, History and Topography Presented to Eugene Vanderpool, Hesperia Suppl. 19, 59-65. IMMERWAHR H. 1990: Attic Script, Oxford. IOZZO M. 2011: «Βιβλιοκρισία του Mitchell 2009», RA, 97-100. IOZZO M. 2012: “Chiusi, Telemaco e il Pittore di Penelope”, in S. Schmidt – A. Stähli (eds), Vasenbilder im Kulturtransfer. Zirkulation und Rezeption griechischer Keramik im Mittelmeerraum (Beihefte zum CVA Deutschland V), München, 69-83. IOZZO M. 2020: “Una storia esemplare e un eroe fondatore. Lo Skyphos di Penelope e Telemaco”, in M. A. Turchetti (ed.), Riscrivere il passato. Il nome etrusco di Chiusi e altre storie, Exhibition catalogue, 9-12. IRIZARRY K. A. – MILLER M. – FREEMARK M. – HAQQ A. M. 2016: “Prader-Willi Syndrome: Genetics, Metabolomics, Hormonal Function and New Approaches to Therapy”, Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health 63, 47-77. ISLER-KERÉNYI C. 2014: Dionysos in Classical Athens An Understanding Through Images, Leiden – Boston. JACKSON M. 2006: Hellenistic Gold Eros Jewellery: Technique, Style and Chronology, Oxford. JACKSON M. 2017: Hellenistic Gold Jewellery in the Benaki Museum, Athens (Mouseio Benaki Suppl. 10), Athens. JACOBSTAHL P. 1956: Greek Pins and their Connections with Europe and Asia, Oxford. JACOPI G. 1931: Esplorazione archeologica di Camiro – I. Scavi nelle necropoli camiresi 1929-1930 (ClRh IV), Rhodes. JACOPI G. 1931-1939: “Busto feminile velato”, ClRh V.1, 23-27. JACOPI G. 1932: “Nuove epigrafi dalle Sporadi Meridionali”, ClRh II, 165-255. JACOPI G. 1932-33: “Esplorazione archeologica di Camiro – II”, ClRh VI-VII, I, 5-439. JACQUEMIN A. – LAROCHE D. 2001: « Le monument de Daochos, ou le trésor des Thessaliens », BCH 125, 305-332. JAMES S. L. – DILLON S. 2012 (eds): A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford. JASINK A. M. 2006: “Perfumes and their ingredients in the Mycenaean tablets. The role of the olive oil”, in M. R. Belgiorno (ed.), Cyprus Perfumes. Olive Oil and Medicaments in 2000 B.C. Cyprus, Perugia. JEAMMET V. 2003 (ed.): Tanagra. Mythe et Archéologie, Exhibition catalogue, Paris. JENKINS I. – TURNER V. 2009: The Greek Body, London. JENKINS I. – WILLIAMS D. 1985: “Sprang Hair Nets: Their Manufacture and Use in Ancient Greece”, AJA 89, 411-418. JOPE J. 2011: “Interpretation and Authenticity of the Lucianic Erotes”, Helios 38(1), 103-120. JUCKER H. 1975: “Einige Beispiele der Verklammerung von Kalos-Namen und Vasenmalern, 550-450 v. Chr.”, Hefte Berner Seminars 1, 45-48. KAEMPF-DIMITRIADOU S. 1979: Die Liebe der Götter in der attischen Kunst des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. (Antike Kunst, Bh. 11), Berne. KALAITZI M. 2016: Figured Tombstones from Macedonia, Fifth-First Century BC, Oxford. KANOWSKI M. G. 1984: Containers of Classical Greece, Queensland. KAPPARIS K. 2017: Prostitution in the Ancient Greek World, Berlin. KARAGEORGHIS V. 1987: “The Terracottas”, in V. Karageorghis – O Picard – C. Tytgat (eds), La nécropole d’ Amathonte. Tombes 113-367. III. (Études Chypriotes IX), Nicosie, 1-52. KARANASTASSIS P. 1987: “Untersuchungen zur kaiserzeitlichen Plastik in Griechenland. ΙI: Kopien, Varianten und Umbildungen nach Athena-Typen des 5. Jhs. v. Chr.”, AM 102, 323-428. KAROGLOU K. 2010: Attic Pinakes: Votive Images in Clay (BAR International Series 2104), Oxford. KATSAROS T. – LIRITZIS I. – LASKARIS N. 2010: “Identification of Theophrastus’ pigments egyptios yanos and psimythion from archaeological excavations”, ArcheoSciences 34, 69-79. KEESLING C. M. 2006: “Heavenly Bodies: Monuments to Prostitutes in Greek Sanctuaries”, in C. A. Faraone – L. K. McClure (eds), Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World, Madison, 59-75. KEESLING C. M. 2017: Early Greek Portraiture: Monuments and Histories, Cambridge. KESSLER P. T. 1925: “Eine Gruftbestattung aus römischer Zeit in Mainz”, Germania 9, 130-133. KEULS E. C. 1985: The Reign of the Phallus. Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, New York. KEULS E. C. 1993: The Reign of the Phallus. Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, Berkeley. KIILERICH B. 2017: “The head posture of Alexander the Great”, ActaAArtHist 29: 1-22. KILMER M. 1993: “In Search of the Wild Kalos-Name”, Echos du Monde Classique XXXVII, 12, 173-199. KILMER Μ. 2002: “‘Rape’ in Early Red-Figure Pottery. Violence and Threat in Homo-erotic and Hetero-erotic Contexts”, in S. Deacy – K. F. Pierce (eds), Rape in Antiquity, London, 123-142. KIRSTEN E. 1936: Das dorische Kreta. Die Insel Kreta im fünften und vierten Jahrhundert, Leipzig. KISSAS K. 2000: Die attischen Statuen- und Stelenbasen archaischer Zeit, Bonn. KISSAS K. 2008: Archaische Architektur der Athener Akropolis: Dachziegel - Metopen - Geisa – Akroterbasen, Wiesbaden. KLEIN W. 1898: Vasen mit Lieblingsinschriften, Leipzig. 753 KLEINER G. 1984: Tanagrafiguren. Untersuchungen zur Hellenistischen Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin. KLINGER S. 2018: “Terracotta models of sandaled feet. Votives from the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth”, Hesperia 87, 429-449. KNIGGE U. 1988: Der Kerameikos von Athen. Führung durch Ausgrabungen und Geschichte, Athen – Berlin. KOCH-HARNACK G. 1983: Knabenliebe und Tiergeschenke: ihre Bedeutung im päderastischen Erziehungssystem Athens, Berlin. KONSTAN D. 2014: Beauty. The Fortunes of an Ancient Greek Idea, Oxford. KONSTAN D. 2015: “Beauty”, in P. Destrée – P. Murray (eds), A Companion to Ancient Aesthetics, Chichester, 366-380. KONSTANTINOPOULOS G. 1992: “Marmorkopf eines Knaben von Rhodos”, in H. Froning – T. Hölscher – H. Mielsch (eds), Kotinos. Festschrift für Erika Simon, Mainz am Rhein, 382-385. KOPCKE G. 1968: “Heraion von Samos: Die Kampagnen 1961/1965 im Sϋdtemenos (8.–6. Jahrhundert)”, AM 83, 250-314. KOSMAN A. 2010: “Beauty and the Good: Situating the Kalon”, CP 105, 341-357. KOSSATZ-DEISSMANN A. 1981: “Nestor und Antilochos. Zu den spätarchaischen Bildern mit Leberschau”, AA, 562-576. KOSTOMITSOPOULOU-MARKETOU A. 2019: “The pigment production site of the ancient agora of Kos (Greece): Revisiting the material evidence”, Thiasos 8(1), 61-80. KOSTOMITSOPOULOU-MARKETOU Α. 2020: A matter of colour. Pigment production on late Hellenistic Kos through the material remains of a 1st c. BCE workshop, (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Oslo. KOTSONAS A. 2019: “The Iconography of a Protoarchaic Cup from Kommos: Myth and Ritual in Early Cretan Art”, Hesperia 88, 595-624. KOTTARIDI A. 1991: Kirke und Medeia: die Zauberinnen der Griechen und die Verwandlung des Mythos, Köln. KOTTARIDI A. 2007: « L’épiphanie des dieux des Enfers dans la nécropole royale d’ Aigai », in S. Descamps-Lequime (ed.), Peinture et couleur dans le monde grec antique, Milan – Paris, 27-45. KOTTARIDI A. 2011: “Queens, Princesses and High Priestesses: The Role of Women at the Macedonian Court”, in A. Kottaridi – S. Walker (eds), From Heracles to Alexander the Great, Oxford. KOTTARIDI A. 2013: Aigai, the Royal Metropolis of the Macedonians (The cycle of Museums, John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation), Athens. KOTTARIDI A. 2020: Macedonian Fragments. KRAEMER R. S. 2004 (ed.): Women's Religions in the Greco-Roman World: A Sourcebook, Oxford – New York. KRAIKER W. 1938: “Ein griechisches Knabenbildnis”, Die Antike 14, 196-201. KRAMER S. N. 1981: History Begins at Sumer, Philadelphia. KRATZMÜLLER B. 2012: “‘Men who were the most beautiful, not only among their fellow citizens, but in all Hellas’ (Aeschines, Against Timarchus 1.156): Sports and athletics on Athenian vases of the sixth to fourth century BCE”, World Archaeology 44, 202-216. KREILINGER U. 2007: Anständige Nacktheit. Körperpflege, Reinigungsriten und das Phänomen weiblicher Nacktheit im klassischen Athen, Rahden. KROPP A. J. M. 2016: “The Aphrodite of Emesa: Miniature Marble Sculpture and Religious Life in Roman Syria”, Journal of Roman Archaeology 29, 193-222. KRYSTALLI-VOTSI P. 1995: « Atéliers toreutiques attiques à l’époque romaineχ», in S. T. A. M. Mols (ed.), Acta of the 12th International Congress on Ancient Bronzes, Nijmegen 1992, Nijmegen, 271-281. KÜHN K. G. 1821: Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia, Leipzig. KUNZE-GÖTTE E. 1957: Frauengemachbilder in der Vasenmalerei des fünften Jahrhunderts, München. KUNZE-GÖTTE E. 2006: Myrte als Attribut und Ornament auf attischen Vasen, Kilchberg. KURTZ D. C. – BOARDMAN J. 1971: Greek Burial Customs, London. KURTZ D. C. – BOARDMAN J. 1994: Έθιμα ταφής στον αρχαίο ελληνικό κόσμο, Athens. KYLE D. G. 1993: Athletics in Ancient Athens, Leiden. KYLE D. G. 2003: “The Only Woman in All Greece: Kyniska, Agesilaus, Alcibiades and Olympia”, Journal of Sport History 30, 183-203. KYLE D. G. 2015: Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World, Chichester. KYRIELEIS H. 1978: “Ausgrabungen im Heraion von Samos 1976”, AA, 250-259. KYRIELEIS H. 1990: “Samos and Some Aspects of Archaic Greek Bronze Casting”, in M. True – J. Podany (eds), Small Bronze Sculpture from the Ancient World, Malibu, 15-30. LAMB W. 1929: Greek and Roman Bronzes, London. LAMB W. 1969. Ancient Greek and Roman Bronzes, Chicago. LAMBROPOULOS S. D. 2008: “Clothing Materials during the Hellenistic period”, in C. A. Giner – L. Karali (eds), Vestidos, textiles y tintes: estudios sobre la producción de bienes de consumo en la Antigüedad. Αctas del II Symposium Internacional sobre Textiles y Tintes del Mediterráneo en el mundo antiguo, Atenas, 24 al 26 de noviembre, 2005, Valencia, 79-82. 754 LAMBRUGO C. 2008: « Les vases à parfum corinthiens en Sicilie et en Grande-Grèce », in L. Bodiou – D. Frère – V. Mehl, Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 187-195. LAMBRUGO C. 2013: Profumi di argilla: tombe con unguentari corinzi nella necropoli de Gela, Roma. LAMBRUGO C. 2018: “Fiori e piante di Aphrodite in Grecia”, in G. Arrigioni (ed.), Dei e piante nell’ antica Grecia, Bergamo, 329-382. LANDOLFI M. 2013: “Il Kouros di Reggio Calabria”, in M. G. Bernardini – M. Lolli Ghetti (eds), Capolavori dell’archeologia. Recuperi, ritrovamenti, confronti, Exhibition catalogue, Roma-Reggio Calabria, 87-93. LANGDON S. 2008: Art and Identity in Dark Age Greece, 1100-700 B.C., New York. LANGLOTZ E. 1968: L’arte della Magna Grecia, arte greca in Italia meridionale e Sicilia, Roma. LANOE C. 2008: La poudre et le fard : une histoire des cosmétiques de la Renaissance aux Lumières, Seyssel. LASER S. 1983: Medizin und Körperpflege (Archaeologia Homerica, Kap. S), Göttingen. LATTANZI E. 2000: “Il Kouros in Sicilia e Magna Grecia in età arcaica”, in M. Landolfi – G. De Marinis (eds), Kouroi Milani, Ritorno ad Osimo, Roma, 23-27. LATTANZI E. 2001: “Il cosiddetto Kouros di Reggio Calabria”, Bollettino d’Arte, 115, 1-22. LATTIMORE S. 1975: “The Chlamys of Daochos I”, AJA 79, 87-88. LAUNEY M. 1944: Le Sanctuaire et le Culte D’Héraclès À Thasos, (Études Thasiennes I), Paris. LAURENT Μ. 1901: “Sur un vase de style géométrique”, BCH 25, 143-155. LAURENZI L. 1938a: “Statuetta di Zeus”, ClRh IX, 40-42. LAURENZI L. 1938b: “Un’immagine del dio Sole rivenuta a Rodi”, Memorie III, 21-26. LAURENZI L. 1946-1948: “La personalità di Doidalsas di Bitinia”, ASAtene XXIV-XXVI, 168-179. LAVERGNE D. 2011: « L’épilation féminine en Grèce ancienne », in L. Bodiou et al. (eds), Parures et artifices: le corps expose dans l’Antiquité, Paris, 99-110. LAVRENCIC M. 1999: “Krieger und Athlet. Der militärische Aspekt in der Beurteilung des Wettkampfes der Antike”, Nikephoros 4, 167-175. LEAR Α. 2010: “Kalos–Inscriptions”, in A. Lear – E. Cantarella (eds), Images of Ancient Greek Pederasty: Boys were their Gods, London – New York, 164-173. LEE M. M. 2015a: Body, Dress and Identity in Ancient Greece, Cambridge. LEE M. M. 2015b: “Other ‘Ways of Seeing’. Female Viewers of the Knidian Aphrodite”, Helios 42, 103-122. LEE M. M. 2017: “The Gendered Economics of Greek Bronze Mirrors: Reflections on Reciprocity and Feminine Agency”, Arethusa 50(2), 143-168. LEFKOWITZ M. R. – FANT M. B. 2005 (eds): Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation, Baltimore. LEITAO D. D. 2003: “Adolescent Hair-growing and Hair-cutting Rituals in Ancient Greece: a Sociological Approach”, in D. B. Dodd – C. A. Faraone (eds), Initiation in Ancient Greek Rituals and Narratives: New Critical Perspectives, London - New York, 109-129. LEMOS I. S. – KOTSONAS A. 2020 (eds): A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean, Hoboken. LENORMANT C. – DE WITTE J. 1861: Élite des monuments céramographiques, Paris. LEVINE D. L. 2016: Profound Ignorance: Plato's Charmides and the Saving of Wisdom, Lanham. LEWIS S. 2002: The Athenian Woman. An iconographic handbook, London - New York. LEY A. 1990: “Atalante - von der Athletin zur Liebhaberin. Ein Beitrag zum Rezeptionswandel eines mythologischen Themas auf Vasen des 6.–4. Jhs. v. Chr.”, Nikephoros 3, 31-72. LEZZI-HAFTER A. 1988: Der Eretria-Maler. Werke und Weggefahrten, Mainz am Rhein. LIBERTINI G. 1930: Il Museo Biscari, Milano. LIBERTINI G. 1937: Il Castello Ursino e le raccolte artistiche comunali di Catania, Catania. LINFERT A. 1969: “Der Meister der ‘Kauernden Aphrodite’”, ΑΜ 84, 158-164. LINFERT A. 1976: Kunstzentren hellenistischer Zeit: Studien an weiblichen Gewandstatuen, Wiesbaden. LINFERT A. 1990: “Die Schule des Polyklet”, in H. Beck – P. C. Bol – M. Bückling (eds), Polyklet. Der Bildhauer der griechischen Klassik. Ausstellung im Liebieghaus-Museum alter Plastik Frankfurt am Main, Mainz, 240-297. LIOUTAS Α. 2018: Polichni. A pre-Cassandrian settlement in the region of Thessaloniki, Greece, in T. Korkut – B. Özen-Kleine (eds), Studies in honor of Heide Froning, Istanbul, 213-240. LIPPOLD G. 1950: Die griechische Plastik, HdArch III.1, München. LIPPOLD G. 1951: Antike Gemäldekopien, München. LIPPOLIS E. 1984: “Kommotike Techne”, in E. M. De Jullis, Gli Ori di Taranto in Età Ellenistica, Milano, 349-362. LISSARRAGUE F. 1990: The Aesthetics of the Greek Banquet. Images of Wine and Ritual, Princeton. LISSARRAGUE F. 1991: « Femmes au figure », in P. Schmitt-Pantel (ed.), L’antiquité. Histoire des femmes en occident 1, Paris, 159-251. LISSARRAGUE F. 1995a: “Identity and Otherness: The case of Attic Head Vases and Plastic Vases”, Source: Notes in the History of Art Vol. 15. 1, Special Issue: Representations of the “Other’’ in the Athenian Art, c. 510-400 B.C, Chicago, 4-9. 755 LISSARRAGUE F. 1995b: “Women, Boxes, Containers: Some Signs and Metaphors”, in E. D. Reeder (ed.), Pandora. Women in Classical Greece, 91-101. LISSARRAGUE F. 1999: “Publicity and Performance. Kalos-Inscriptions in Attic Vase–Painting”, in S. Goldhill – R. Osborne (eds), Performance Culture and Athenian Democracy, Cambridge, 359-373. LISSARRAGUE F. 2002: “The Athenian Image of the Foreigner,” in T. Harrison (ed.), Greeks and Barbarians, New York, 101 -124. LLEWELLYN-JONES L. 2002 (ed.): Women's Dress in the Ancient Greek World, London. LLEWELLYN-JONES L. 2003: Aphrodite’s Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece, London – Swansea. LOBEL E. – PAGE D. 1955: Poetarum lesbiorum fragmenta, Oxford. LOPES E. 2009: “Ethnicity Reconsidered. The Melon Coiffure from the Hyperboreans to Central Greece”, NumAntCl 38, 27-48. LOVE I. C. 1978: “A Brief Summary of Excavations at Knidos (1967-1973)”, Ankara, 111-113. LUCHTENBERG S. 2003: Griechische Tonalabastra. Untersuchungen zu ihre Formentwicklung, Verbreitung und zu ihrem Ursprung, Marburg. LULLIES R. – HIRMER M. 1960: Greek Sculpture, New York. LYONS C. – BENNETT M. – MARCONI C. 2013 (eds): Sicily. Art and Invention between Greece and Rome, Los Angeles. MA J. 2007: “Hellenistic honorific statues and their inscriptions”, in Z. Newby – R. Leader-Newby (eds), Art and Inscriptions in the Ancient World, Cambridge, 203-220. MAASS M. 1993: Das antike Delphi, Darmstadt. MAASS M. 1996 (ed.): Delphi: Orakel am Nabel der Welt, Exhibition catalogue, Karlsruhe. MACELLARI R. 2002: Il sepolcreto etrusco nel terreno Arnoaldi di Bologna (550-350 a.C.), Bologna. MACLACHLAN B. 2012: Women in Ancient Greece A Sourcebook, New York. MAIURI A. 1923-1924: “Afrodite al bagno – statuette del Museo Archeologico di Rodi”, BdA, 385-390. MALAMIDOU D. – PAPAIKONOMOU I. D. 2013: ‘’Femmes enceintes et astragales. Une sépulture à deux urnes cinéraires d’Amphipolis’’, Dossiers d’Archéologie 356, 32-35. MANAKIDOU E. 1992-93: “Athenerinnen in schwarzfigurigen Brunnenhausszenen”, Hephaistos 11/12, 51-91. MANDOLESI A. – SANNIBALE M. 2012 (eds): Etruschi. L’ideale eroico e il vino lucente, Exhibition catalogue, Milano. MANFRINI-ARAGNO I. 1992: “Femmes à la fontaine: réalité et imaginaire”, in C. Bron – E. Kassapoglou (eds), L’image en jeu de l’antiquité à Paul Klee, Yens-sur-Morges, 127-148. MANGOLD M. 1987: “Zur Frisur der Erechtheionkoren”, HASB 12, 5-7. MANN C. 2009: “Kalokagathia in der Demokratie: Überlegungen zur Medialität der politischen Kommunikation im klassischen Athen”, in C. Mann – M. Haake – R. von den Hoff (eds), Rollenbilder in der athenischen Demokratie. Medien, Gruppen, Räume im politischen und sozialen System, Beiträge zu einem interdisziplinären Kolloquium in Freiburg z. Br., 24–25 November 2006, Wiesbaden, 147-170. MANNACK T. 2014: “Beautiful Men on Vases for the Dead”, in J. H. Oakley – H. A. Shapiro (eds), Athenian Potters and Painters, Oxford, 116-124. MANNACK T. 2016: “Hipparchos kalos”, in D. Yatromanolakis (ed.), Epigraphy of Art. Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings, Oxford, 43-52. MANNICHE L. 1999: Sacred Luxuries. Fragrance, Aromatherapy, and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt, New York. MARSHALL J. H. – BOSANQUET R. C. 1902: “Excavations at Praisos I”, BSA 8, 231-270. MARTINEZ J. L. 2007: “L’ Apollon Sauroctone”, in A. Pasquier – J.-L. Martinez (eds), Praxitèle, Paris, 202-215. MASSAR N. 2008: “Vases à parfum de la Grèce de l’Est: raffinement des formes et des couleurs” και “Les thymiatèria dans le monde grec: état et lieux”, in A. Verbanck-Pierard – N. Massar (eds), Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont, 97-100 και 191205. MATHESON S. B. 1995: Polygnotos and Vase Painting in Classical Athens, Madison. MATTUSCH C. C. 1988: Greek Bronze Statuary: From the Beginnings Through the Fifth Century B.C., Ithaca – New York. MATTUSCH C. C. 1997: The Victorious Youth, Los Angeles. MAUERMAYER C. 1985: Das griechische Alabastron: Formgeschichte und Verwendung, München. MAZARAKIS AINIAN Α. – ALEXANDRIDOU A. – CHARALAMBIDOU X. 2017 (eds): Regional Stories towards a New Perception of the Early Greek World (Acts of an International Symposium in Honour of Professor Jan Bouzek, Volos 18-21 June 2015), Volos. McCABE M. M. 2007: “Looking inside Charmides’ Cloak: Seeing Oneself and Others in Plato’s Charmides”, in D. Scott (ed.), Maieusis - Essays on Ancient Philosophy in Honour of Myles Burnyeat, Oxford, 1-19. MELFI Μ. 2007: Il Santuario di Asclepio a Lebena (Monografie della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente XIX), Atene. MELLAART J. 1964: “Excavations at Çatalhöyük, Third Preliminary Report in 1963”, Anatolian Studies 14, 39-119. 756 MELLAART J. 1965: Earliest Civilisations of the Near East, New York. MELLINK M. J. 1992: “Archaeology in Anatolia (Knidos)”, AJA 96, 139. MENDEL G. 1914: Musées Impériaux Ottomans: Catalogue des Sculptures Grecques, Romaines et Byzantines, vol. III, Constantinople. MERCATI C. 2003: Epinetron. Storia di una forma ceramica fra archeologia e cultura, Città di Castello. MERKER G. 1970: Studies in the Hellenistic Sculpture in the island of Rhodes, (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Bryn Mawr College. MERKER G. S. 1973: The Hellenistic Sculpture of Rhodes, (SIMA XL), Göteborg. MERTENS J. R. 1977: Attic White Ground. Its development on shapes other than lekythoi, New York. MESKELL L. 1995: “Goddesses, Gimbutas and New Age Archaeology”, Antiquity 69, 74-86. MESKELL L. 1998: “Twin Peaks: The Archaeologies of Çatalhöyük”, in L. Goodison – C. Morris (eds) Ancient Goddesses: The Myths and the Evidence, London, 46-62. MESKELL L. – NAKAMURA C. – KING R. – FARID S. 2008: “Figured Lifeworlds and Depositional Practices at Çatalhöyük”, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18, 139-161. METZGER H. 1951: Les représentations dans la céramique attique du IVe siècle, Paris. METZGER H. 1977: “Απόλλων σπένδων. À propos d’une coupe attique à fond blanc trouvée à Delphes”, BCH Suppl. IV, 421-428. MEYER H. 1996: “The Terme Ruler. An understudied masterpiece and the school of Lysippos”, BullCom 97, 125-148. MIHALOPOULOS C. 2009: “The construction of a new ideal: The official portraiture of Alexander the Great”, in W. Heckel – L. A. Tritle (eds), Alexander the Great: A New History, Oxford, 275-293. MILLER M. C. 1989: “The Ependytes in Classical Athens”, Hesperia 58, 313-329. MILLER S. G. 1991: Arete. Greek Sports from Ancient Sources, Berkeley – Los Angeles – Oxford. MILLER S. G. 2004: Ancient Greek Athletics, New Haven – London. MILLER S. G. 2011: “Alkibiades”, in O. Palagia – H. Rupprecht Goette (eds), Sailing to Classical Greece. Papers on Greek Art, Archaeology and Epigraphy Presented to Petros Themelis, Oxford, 37-43. MILNE M. J. 1939: “Kylichnis”, AJA 43, 247-254. MITCHELL A. G. 2009: Greek Vase-Paintings and the Origins of Visual Humour, Cambridge – New York. MITSOPOULOS-LEON V. 2001: “Zum Halsschmuck oder: Drogen für die Götter”, AM 116, 51-65. MITSOPOULOU-LEON V. 2009: “Votive Offerings for Artemis Hemera (Lousoi) and their significance”, in C. Prêtre (ed.), Le donateur, l’offrande et la déesse. Systèmes votifs des sanctuaires de déesses dans le monde grec (Kernos Suppl. 23), Liége. MOLLARD-BESQUES S. 1963: Musée national du Louvre. Catalogue raisonne des figurines et reliefs en terre cuite grecs et romaine II, Myrina, Paris. MONTEL S. 2010: “The Architectural Setting of the Knidian Aphrodite”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 251-268. MORENO P. 1995: Lisippo. L'Arte e la Fortuna, Milan. MORETTI L. 1957: Olympionikai, i vincitori negli αntichi agoni οlimpici, Roma. MORETTI L. 1970: “Supplemento al catalogo degli Olympionikai”, Klio 52, 295-303. MORGANTI G. 1990 (ed.): Gli Orti farnesiani sul Palatino (Roma Antica 2), Rome. MORGANTI G. 1999: Gli Orti farnesiani, Milano. MØRKHOLM O. 1991: Early Hellenistic Coinage. From the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 BC), Cambridge. MORRIS Ι. 1986: “The Use and Abuse of Homer”, ClAnt 5, 81-138. MORROW K. D. 1985: Greek Footwear and the Dating of Sculpture, Madison. MOUSTAKA A. 1993: Grossplastik aus Ton in Olympia, Berlin – New York. MÜLLER J.-M. 2016: “Schöner Nonsens, sinnloses Kalos? Ein Strukturvergleich zweier anpassungsfähiger Inschriftenformen der attischen Vasenmalerei”, in R. Wachter (ed.), Töpfer – Maler – Schreiber. Inschriften auf attischen Vasen, Akten des Kolloquiums vom 20. bis 23. September 2012 an den Universitäten Lausanne und Basel, Zürich – Kilchberg, 97-130. MULROY D. D. 1992: Early Greek Lyric Poetry, Princeton. MURR J. 1890: Die Pflanzenwelt in der griechischen Mythologie, Innsbruck. NAGY G. 2013: The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours. Cambridge, MA. NAGY G. 2020: “A draft of an essay-in-progress about heroic beauty.” Classical Inquiries. https://classical-inquiries.chs.harvard.edu/a-draft-of-an-essay-in-progress-about-heroic-beauty/ NEEFT C. W. 1987: Protocorinthian Subgeometric Aryballoi, Amsterdam. NEHAMAS A. 2007: The Promise of Happiness: The Place of Beauty in a World of Art, Princeton. NEILS J. 2004: “Replicating Tradition - The First Celebrations of the Greater Panathenaia”, in O. Palagia – A. Choremi-Spetsieri (eds)., The Panathenaic Games, Oxford, 41-51. NEILS J. 2012: “Spartan Girls and the Athenian Gaze”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Chichester, 153-166. NEUMANN G. 1977: “Zum Helioskopf von Rhodos”, AA 92, 86-90. 757 NEUMANN G. 1986: “Alkibiades”, AA, 103-112. NICGORSKI A. 1995: The Iconography of the Herakles Knot and the Herakles-Knot Hairstyle of Apollo and Aphrodite (Ph.D. Diss.), University of North Carolina. NIKOLAIDOU M. 2012: “Looking for Minoan and Mycenaean Women: Paths of Feminist Scholarship Towards the Aegean Bronze Age”, in S. L. James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 38-53. NOBLE J. 1988: Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery, London. NOSCH M.-L. – PERNA M. 2001: “Cloth in the Cult”, in R. Laffineur - R. Hägg (eds), POTNIA. Proceedings of the 8th International Aegean Conference, Göteborg University, 12-15 April 2000 (Aegaeum 22), Liège, 471-477. NOSCH M.-L. 2014: “Linen Textiles and Flax in Classical Greece: Provenance and Trade”, in K. DroßKrüpe (ed.), Textile Trade and Distribution in Antiquity, Wiesbaden, 17-42. NOVA L. 2019: “L'Odissea del Pittore di Penelope”, in S. Barbantini – A. Porro (eds), Dosis d'oligē te philē te. Studi offerti a M. Cantilena per i suoi 70 anni, Milano, 3-25. NRIAGU J. O. 1983: Lead and Lead Poisoning in Antiquity, New York. O’SULLIVAN P. 2015: “Pindar and the Poetics of the Athlete”, Classics@ 13 (Greek Poetry & Sport). https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/ 6171 OAKLEY J. H. 1995: “Nuptial Nuances: Wedding Images in Non-Wedding Scenes of Myth”, in E. D. Reeder (ed.), Pandora. Women in Classical Greece, Baltimore, 63-73. OAKLEY J. H. 1997: The Achilles Painter, Mainz. OAKLEY J. H. 2017: “Associates and Followers of the Berlin Painter”, in J. M. Padgett (ed.), The Berlin Painter and His World. Athenian Vase-Painting in the Early Fifth Century B.C., Exhibition catalogue, New Haven - London, 66-83. OAKLEY J. H. 2020: A Guide to Scenes of Daily Life on Athenian Vases, Madison. OAKLEY J. H. – SINOS R. 1993: The Wedding in Ancient Athens, Madison. OBERLÄNDER P. 1967: Griechische Handspiegel (Ph.D. Diss.), Hamburg. OLBRYCHT M. J. 2021: “Seleukid Women”, in E. D. Carney – S. Mueller (eds), The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World, New York, 173-185. ONASOGLOU Α. 1988, “Ein Klappspiegel aus einem Grab in der Ostlokris“, AA, 439-459. OSBORNE R. 1994: “Looking On – Greek Style: Does the Sculpted Girl Speak to Women Too?”, in I. Morris (ed.), Classical Greece Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies, Cambridge, 81–96. OSBORNE R. 1997: “Men Without Clothes: Heroic Nakedness and Greek Art”, Gender and History 9, 504-552. OSBORNE R. 1998: “Sculpted Men of Athens: Masculinity and Power in the Field of Vision”, in L. Foxhall – J. Salmon (eds), Thinking Men: Masculinity and its Self-Representation in the Classical Tradition, London – New York, 23-42. OSBORNE R. 2011: The History Written on the Classical Greek Body, Cambridge. OSBORNE R. 2018: The Transformation of Athens: Painted Pottery and the Creation of Classical Greece, Princeton. OVADIAH A. – MUCZNIK S. 2012: “Observations on the Terracotta Statuettes of Aphrodite from Mt. Carmel and Dardanos”, Rivista di Archeologia Anno XXXVI, 69-72. OZGAN R. 1989: “Knidos Kasizi”, XII Kazi Sonuçlari Toplantisi II, 171-177. PALAGGIA O. 2020: “Alexander the Great and the Athenians: Deification and Portraiture", in M. D’Agostini – E. M. Anson – F. Pownall (eds), Affective Relations and Personal Bonds in Hellenistic Antiquity. Studies in honor of Elizabeth D. Carney, Oxford, 267-283. PANAGIOTAKI M. – TITE M. S. – MANIATIS Y. 2015: “Egyptian blue in Egypt and beyond: The Aegean and the Near East”, in P. Kousoulis – N. Lazaridis (eds), Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists, University of the Aegean, Rhodes, 22-29 May 2008, vol. II, Leuven - Paris - Bristol, 1769-1789. PANDERMALIS D. 2004 (ed.): Alexander the Great. Treasures from an epic era of Hellenism, Exhibition catalogue, New York. PANDERMALIS D. 2016 (ed.): Gods and Mortals at Olympus. Ancient Dion, City of Zeus, New York – Athens. PAPADOPOULOS J. 2007: The Art of Antiquity: Piet de Jong and the Athenian Agora, Princeton. PAPADOPOULOU C. 2010: “Aphrodite and the Fleet in Classical Athens”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 217-233. PAPAEFTHIMIOU-PAPANTHIMOU A. – FAPPAS I. 2012: “Ceremonial Adornment and Purification Practices in Mycenaean Greece: Indigenous Developments and Near Eastern Influences”, in R. Laffineur – M.-L. Nosch (eds), KOSMOS, Proceedings of the 13th International Aegean Conference, University of Copenhagen, 19-23 April 2010 (Aegaeum 33), Leuven – Liège, 779-787. PAPAIKONOMOU I.-D. 2008: “Recherche sur les liens entre pratiques rituelles funéraires et religieuses: le cas d’Abdère (Thrace)”, in A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets (ed.) L'Eau. Enjeux, usages et representations, Paris, 251-262. PAPAKONSTANTINOU Ζ. 2012: “The Athletic Body in Classical Athens: Literary and Historical Perspectives”, The International Journal of the History of Sport 29, 1657-1668. 758 PAPAKONSTANTINOU Ζ. 2014: “Ancient Critics of Greek Sport”, in P. Christesen – D. G. Kyle (eds), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, Malden – Oxford – Chichester, 320-331. PAPAKONSTANTINOU Z. 2019: Sport and Identity in Ancient Greece, Abington – New York. PAPE W. 1914: Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache 1. Griechisch-Deutsches Handwörter, vol. I, Braunschweig. PARCA Μ. 2012: “The Women of Ptolemaic Egypt: The View from Papyrology”, in S. L.James – S. Dillon (eds), A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, Oxford, 304-328. PARKER V. 1994: “Zur absoluten Datierung des Leagros Kalos und der Leagros Gruppe”, AA, 365-373. PASQUIER A. – MARTINEZ J.-L. 2007 (eds): Praxitèle, Exhibition catalogue, Musée du Louvre, Paris. PASZTHORY E. 1990: Salben, Schminken and Parfüme im Altertum. Herstellungsmethoden und Anwendungsbereiche im östlichen Mediterraneum (Antike Welt 21), 1-64. PASZTHORY E. 1992: Salben, Schminken und Parfüme im Altertum, Mainz am Rhein. PATTERSON C. B. 1991: “Marriage and the Married Woman in Athenian Law”, in S. B. Pomeroy (ed.), Women's History and Ancient History, London, 20-47. PAVLOU M. 2010: “Pindar ‘Nemean’ 5: Real and Poetic Statues”, Phoenix 64, 1-17. PAYNE H. G. G. 1931: Necrocorinthia. A Study of Corinthian Art in the Archaic Period, Oxford. PAYNE H. – YOUNG. G. M. 1997: Αρχαϊκή Μαρμάρινη Πλαστική από την Ακρόπολη, Athens. PEMBERTON Ε. G. 1985: “Ten Hellenistic Graves in Ancient Corinth”, Hesperia 54, 271-307. PERI M. 2019: Εἷς, δύο, τρεῖς: ὁ δὲ δὴ τέταρτος ποῦ; Έρευνα για τον λογοτεχνικό τόπο της καλλονής, Thessaloniki. PETRIZET P. 1908: Fouilles de Delphes V. Petit Bronzes – Terres cuites, Antiquités diverses, Paris.PFISTERER-HAAS S. 1989: Darstellungen alter Frauen in der griechischen Kunst, Frankfurt am Main. PFISTERER-HAAS S. 2002: “Mädchen und Frauen am Wasser. Brunnenhaus und Louterion als Orte der Frauengemeinschaft und der möglichen Begegnung mit einem Mann”, JdI 117, 1-79. PFROMMER M. 1990: Untersuchungen zur Chronologie fruh- und hochhellenistischen Goldschmucks, (Istanbuler Forschungen 37), Tübingen. PFUHL E. – MÖBIUS H. 1977: Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs, vol. I, Mainz am Rhein. PFUHL E. – MÖBIUS H. 1979: Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs, vol. II, Mainz am Rhein. PHOTOS-JONES E. – BOTS P. – OIKONOMOU E. – HAMILTON A. – KNAPP C. W. 2020: “On metal and ‘spoiled’ wine: analysing psimythion (synthetic cerussite) pellets (5th–3rd centuries BCE) and hypothesising gas-metal reactions over a fermenting liquid within a Greek pot”, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12(10), 243. PICKUP S. – SMITH A. C. 2010: “Budding Aphrodite: Into the Future”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 17-27. PICÓN C. A. 2007: Art of the Classical World in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. PICÓN C. A. – HEMINGWAY S. 2016 (eds): Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World, Exhibition catalogue, New York. PICONE Μ. 2012: La collezione Santangelo. Opere antiche, dell'Ottocento e del Novecento di una importante raccolta romana, Napoli. PIERRAT-BONNEFOIS G. – BOUQUILLON A. – COULIÉ A. 2014: « La faïence dans le monde grec archaïque, témoin privilégié de la complexité des échanges en Méditerranée orientale », in A. Coulié – M. Filimonos-Tsopotou (eds), Rhodes une île grecque aux portes de l’Orient XVe – Ve siècle avant J.-C., Paris, 89-92. PIMPL H. 1997: Perirrhanteria und Louteria, Berlin. PIRENNE-DELFORGE V. 1994: L’Aphrodite grecque. Contribution à l’étude de ses cultes et de sa personnalité dans le panthéon archaïque et classique (Kernos Suppl. 4), Athènes. PIRENNE-DELFORGE V. 2010: “Flourishing Aphrodite: An Overview”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 3-16. PIRONTI G. 2007: Entre ciel et guerre: figures d'Aphrodite en Grèce ancienne (Kernos Suppl. 18), Liège. PIRONTI G. 2010: “Rethinking Aphrodite as a Goddess at Work”, in A. C. Smith – S. Pickup (eds), Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston, 113-130. PLATON N. 1964: Führer durch das Archäologische Museum von Heraklion, Athen. POLIAKOFF M. B. 1987: Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence, and Culture, New Haven – London. POLLITT J. J. 1986: Art in the Hellenistic Age, Cambridge. POLLITT J. J. 1994: Η Τέχνη στην Ελληνιστική Εποχή, Athens. POMEROY S. B. 1990: Women in Hellenistic Egypt from Alexander to Cleopatra, Detroit. POMEROY S. B. 1991 (ed.): Women's History and Ancient History, London. POMEROY S. B. 1995: Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity, New York. POMEROY S. B. 1997: Families in Classical and Hellenistic Greece, Oxford. POMEROY S. B. 2002: Spartan Women, Oxford. 759 POPA Α. 2007: “Flabella im Barbaricum? Überlegungen zu einer Fundgruppe bronzener Gegenstände aus dem Gebiet jenseits der Provinzen Dacia und Moesia inferior”, Germania 85, 329-347. PORTALE E. C. 2005: “I kouroi”, in P. Minà (ed.), Urbanistica e architettura, Palermo, 79-80. PORTER J. I. 1999: “Introduction”, in J. I. Porter (ed.), Constructions of the Classical Body, Princeton, 1-18. POUILLOUX J. 1960: Fouilles de Delphes 2. Topographie et architecture. La région nord du sanctuaire, Paris. POULKOU M. 2008: “Mänade bei der Körperpflege. Eine Schale in Gravisca”, in C. Franek – S. Lamm – T. Neuhauser – B. Porod – K. Zöhre (eds), Thiasos. Festschriftfür Erwin Pochmarskizum 65. Geburtstag, Wien, 773-780. POULSEN V. H. 1937: Der strenge Stil. Studien zur Geschichte der griechischen Plastik 480-450, (Sonderdruck aus Acta Archaeologica Vol. VIII), Copenhagen. PRENT M. 2005: Cretan Sanctuaries and Cults Continuity and Change from Late Minoan IIIC to the Archaic Period, Leiden-Boston. PRETRE C. 2012: Kosmos et kosmema: les offrandes de parure dans les inscriptions de Délos (Kernos Suppl. 27), Athènes. PRICE M. J. 1968: “Mithradates VI Eupator, Dionysus and the coinages of the Black Sea”, NC, 7th Series 8, 1-12. PRICE M. J. 1991: The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. A British Museum Catalogue, Zurich – London. PRITCHARD D. 2012: Sport, Democracy and War in Classical Athens, Cambridge. PROST F. 2008: « L’odeur des dieux en Grèce ancienne. Encens, parfums et statues de culte », in L. Bodiou – D. Frere – V. Mehl (eds), Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 97-103. PUGLIESE CARRATELLI I. 1955: “Tituli Camirenses, Supplementum”, ASAtene 30-32, 211-246. RABINOWITZ N. S. 2002: “Excavating Women’s Homoeroticism in Ancient Greece. The Evidence from Attic Vase Painting”, in N. S. Rabinowitz – L. Auanger (eds), Among Women. From the Homosocial to the Homoerotic in the Ancient World, Austin, 106-166. RAFTOPOULOS H. G. 1995: History of Greek Olive Oil and Perfumed Oil and their Containers in the Greek World between 1100 and 480 BC, (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Oxford University. RAFTOPOULOU E. G. 2002: “A fine example of toreutic art in Epirus”, in C. C. Mattusch – A. Brauer – S. E. Knudsen (eds), From the Parts to the Whole, Acta of the 13th International Bronze Congress, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 28-June 1, 1996, Portsmouth, 413-418. RAISSA C. – FLORIANI SQUARCIAPINO M. 1962: Museo ostiense, Roma. RAMSEY G. 2011: “The Queen and the City: Royal Female Intervention and Patronage in Hellenistic Civic Communities”, Gender & History 23(3), 510–527. RAMSEY G. 2016: “Hellenistic Women and the Law. Agency, identity, and Community Women”, in S. L. Budin – J. MacIntosh Turfa (eds), Women in Antiquity. Real women across the Ancient World, London – New York, 726-738. RAWLES R. 2012: “Early Εpinician: Ibycus and Simonides”, in P. Agócs – C. Carey – R. Rawles (eds), Reading the Victory Ode, Cambridge, 3-11. REEDER E. D. 1995 (ed.): Pandora. Women in Classical Greece, Exhibition catalogue, Princeton. REEDER-WILLIAMS E. 1978: “Figurine Vases from the Athenian Agora”, Hesperia 47, 356-401. REHAK P. 2005: “The ‘Sphinx’ Head from the Cult Centre at Mycenae”, in A. Dakouri-Hild – S. Sherratt (eds), Autochthon: Papers presented to O.T.P.K. Dickinson on the occasion of his retirement, Oxford, 271-275. REID Η. L. 2012: “Athletic Beauty in Classical Greece: A Philosophical View”, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 39, 281-297. REID Η. L. 2017a: “Why Olympia Matters for Modern Sport”, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 44, 159-173. REID Η. L. 2017b: “Athletes as Heroes and Role Models: An Ancient Model Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 11, 49-51. REID Η. L. 2019: “Athletic Beauty as Mimēsis of Virtue: The Case of the Beautiful Boxer”, in H. L. Reid – T. Leyh (eds), Looking at Beauty -‘to Kalon’ in Western Greece (Selected Essays from the 2018 Symposium on the Heritage of Western Greece), Sioux City, Iowa, 77-92. REID H. L. – LEYH T. 2019 (eds): Looking at Beauty – ‘to Kalon’ in Western Greece (Selected Essays from the 2018 Symposium on the Heritage of Western Greece), Sioux City, Iowa. REITZAMMER A. 2016: The Athenian Adonia in Context: The Adonis Festival as Cultural Practice, Madison. REVERMANN M. 2000: “Euripides, Tragedy and Macedon: Some Conditions of Reception”, Illinois Classical Studies 24/25, 451-467. RICCI G. 1955: “Necropoli della Banditaccia - Zona A del Recinto”, MonAnt 42, 201-1047. RICHTER G. M. A. 1968: Korai: Archaic Greek Maidens. A Study of the Development of the Kore Type in Greek Sculpture, New York. RICHTER G. M. A. 1970: Kouroi. Archaic Greek youths. A study of development of the Kouros type in Greek sculpture, London. RIDGEWAY W. 1926: “Euripides in Macedon”, The Classical Quarterly, 20(1), 1-19. 760 RIDGWAY B. S. 1982: “Of Kouroi and Korai - Attic Variety”, in Studies in Athenian Architecture, Sculpture, and Topography Presented to Homer A. Thompson (Hesperia Suppl. 20), 118-127. RIDGWAY B. S. 1987: “Ancient Greek Women and Art: The Material Evidence”, AJA 91, 399-409. RIDGWAY B. S. 1990: Hellenistic Sculpture l. The Styles of ca. 331-200 B.C., Madison. RIDGWAY B. S. 1997: Fourth-Century Styles in Greek Sculpture, Madison. RIDGWAY B. S. 2001a: Hellenistic Sculpture I: The styles of ca. 331-200 B.C., Madison. RIDGWAY B. S. 2001b: “Some Personal Thoughts on the Knidia”, in N. Birkle (ed.), Macellum. Culinaria archaeologica. Robert Fleischer zum 60. Geburtstag von Kollegen, Freunden und Schülern, Mainz, 249–257. RIZZA G. – DE MIRO E. 1985: “Le arti figurative dalle origini al V secolo a.C.”, in G. Pugliese Carrateli (ed.), Sikanie. Storia e civiltà della Sicilia greca, Milano, 125-242. ROBBINS E. 1997: “Pindar”, in D. E. Gerber (ed.), A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets, Leiden – New York – Köln, 253-277. ROBERTSON M. 1992: The Art of Vase-Painting in Classical Athens, Cambridge. ROBINSON D. M. 1945: “A New Attic Onos or Epinetron”, AJA 49, 480-490. ROBINSON D. M. – FLUCK E. J. 1937: A Study of the Greek Love-Names, Baltimore. ROCCOS L. J. 2000: “Back-Mantle and Peplos: The Special Costume of Greek Maidens in 4th-Century Funerary and Votive Reliefs”, Hesperia 69, 235-265. RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ D. 2016: “Evocative Objects. The Attic Black-Glazed Plemochoae (Exaleiptra) between Archaeology and Vase Painting”, in J. Boardman – A. Parkin – S. Waite (eds), On the Fascination of Objects: Greek and Etruscan Art in the Shefton Collection, Oxford, 19-17. ROHNER-DVORSKY D. 1993: A Study of the Hair Styles on Greek Korai and Other Female Figures from 650-480 B.C.: A Dating Tool to Clarify Workshops, Regional Styles and Chronology (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Colorado. ROLLER L. E. 1988: “Foreign Cults in Greek Vase Painting”, in J. Christiansen – T. Melander (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium of Ancient Greek and Related Pottery, Copenhagen August 31 – September 4, 1987, Copenhagen, 506-515. ROLLEY C. 1994: La sculpture grecque, I. Des origines au milieu du V siècle, Paris. ROLLEY C. 1999: La sculpture grecque, II. La période classique, Paris. ROSENZWEIG R. 2004: Worshipping Aphrodite. Art and Cult in Classical Athens, Ann Arbor. ROSSI-OSMIDA G. – DONATO G. 1986 (eds): Aphrodite’s Scents: Profumi e Cosmesi nel mondo Antico, Exhibition catalogue, Trento. ROUSSET D. 2012. « Une coupe attique à figures rouges et un pentamètre érotique à Élatée de Phocide », REG 125, 19-35. ROWLANDSON J. – BAGNALL R. S. 1998 (eds): Women and Society in Greek and Roman Egypt: A Sourcebook, Cambridge. ROZELLE R. V. 1990 (ed.): Gold of Greece. Jewelry and Ornaments from the Benaki Museum, Exhibition catalogue, Dallas. RUSSENBERGER C. 2017: “Der Schmied und seine Maus: Zum Text–Bild–Verhältnis einer attisch schwarzfigurigen Oinochoe der Keyside–Klasse mit kalos–Inschrift”, AntK 60, 19-35. SABETAI V. 1997: “Aspects of Nuptial and Genre Imagery in Fifth-Century Athens: Issues of Interpretation and Methodology”, in J. H. Oakley – W. D. E. Coulson – O. Palagia (eds), Athenian Potters and Painters. The Conference Proceedings, (Oxbow Monograph 67), Oxford, 319-335. SABETAI V. 2009: “The Poetics of Maidenhood: Visual Constructs of Womanhood in Vase-Painting”, in S. Schimdt – H. H. Oakley (eds), Hermeneutik der Bilder. Beiträge zur Ikonographie und Interpretation griechischer Vasenmalerei, München, 103-114. SALOMON N. 2000: “Making a World of Difference. Gender, Asymmetry, and the Greek Nude”, in A. O. Koloski-Ostrow – C. L. Lyons (eds), Naked Truths. Women, Sexuality and Gender in Classical Art and Archaeology, London – New York, 197-219. SANNIBALE M. 2003: “Museo Gregoriano Etrusco”, in F. Buranelli – M. Sannibale (eds), Vaticano 3. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Milano, 35-214. SARPAKI A. 2001: “Condiments, Perfume and Dye Plants in Linear B: A Look at the Textual and Archaeobotanical Evidence”, in A. Michailidou (ed.), Manufacture and Measurement. Counting, Measuring and Recording Craft Items in Early Aegean Societies, Meletēmata 33, Athens, 195-262. SCANLON T. F. 2002: Eros and Greek Athletics, Oxford. SCANLON T. Η. 2004: Games for Girls. Archaeological Institute of America: www.archaeology.org/ online/features/olympics/girls.htm SCHEFOLD K. 1930: Kertscher Vasen. Bilder griechischer Vasen 3, Berlin. SCHEFOLD K. 1978: Götter und Heldensagen der Griechen in der spätarchaischen Kunst, München. SCHEFOLD K. 1981: Die Göttersage in der klassischen und hellenistischen Kunst, München. SCHEIBLER I. 1964: “Exaleiptra”, JdI 79, 72-108. SCHEIBLER I. 1968: “Kothon-Exaleiptron. Addenda”, AA, 389-397. SCHILD-XENIDOU W. 1971: Böotische Grab-und Weihreliefs archaischer und klassischer Zeit, München. SCHMALTZ B. 1998: “Peplos und Chiton. Frühe griechische Tracht und ihre Darstellungskonventionen”, JdI 113, 1-30. 761 SCHMIDT S. 2005: Rhetorische Bilder auf attischen Vasen, Berlin. SCHMIDT-DOUNAS Β. 2017: Grab A und B von Katerini. Ein alter Fund in neuem Licht, Thessaloniki. SCHNEIDER-HERRMANN G. 1970: “Spuren eines Eroskultes in der italischen Vasenmalerei”, BABesch 45, 86-117. SCHNURR-REDFORD C. 1996: Frauen im klassischen Athen. Sozialer Raum und reale Bewegungsfreiheit, Berlin. SCHOPPHOFF C. 2009: Der Gürtel: Funktion und Symbolik eines Kleidungsstücks in Antike und Mittelalter, Wien. SCHRAUDOLPH E. 2007: “Beispiele hellenistischer Plastik der Zeit zwischen 190 und 160 v.Chr.”, in P. C. Bol (ed.), Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III. Hellenistische Plastik, Mainz am Rhein, 189-239. SCHROER S. 2006 (ed.): Images and Gender: Contributions to the Hermeneutics of Reading Ancient Art, Fribourg – Göttingen. SCHUBERT C. – WEISS A. 2013 (eds): Amazonen zwischen Griechen und Skythen. Gegenbilder in Mythos und Geschichte, Berlin. SCHWARZMAIER A. 1997: Griechische Klappspiegel. Untersuchungen zu Typologie und Stil (AM Beiheft 18), Berlin. SCHWEITZER B. 1961: Mythische Hochzeiten. Eine Interpretation des Bilderkreises an dem Epinetron des Eretriameisters (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften), Heidelberg. SCRUTON R. 1981: “Photography and Representation”, Critical Inquiry 7, 577-603. SCRUTON R. 2009: Beauty, Oxford. SCULLION S. 2003: “Euripides and Macedon, or the Silence of the ‘Frogs’”, The Classical Quarterly, New Series, 53(2), 389-400. SEAMAN K. 2004: “Retrieving the Original Aphrodite of Knidos”, Atti Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei. Rendiconti IX, XV, 3, 531-594. SEDLEY D. 1985: “Three Notes on Theophrastus’ Treatment of Tastes and Smells”, in W. W. Fortenbaugh – P. M. Huby – A. A. Long, Theophrastus of Eresus on his Life and Work, New Brunswick, 205-207. SEGAL C. 1985: “Archaic Choral Lyric”, in P. E. Easterling – B. M. W. Knox (eds), The Cambridge History of Classical Literature I, Cambridge, 165-201. SEGALL B. 1938: Museum Benaki. Katalog der Goldschmiedearbeiten, Athen. SEGRE Μ. – PUGLIESE CARRATELLI I. 1952: “Tituli Camirenses”, ASAtene 27-29, 141-318. SEMMLINGER, L. 1974: Weih-, Sieger- und Ehreninschriften aus Olympia und seiner Umgebung (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität. SENGOKU-HAGA K. 2016 (ed.): A Journey to the Land of the Immortals: Treasures of ancient Greece, Exhibition catalogue, Tokyo. SERWINT N. J. 1987: Greek Athletic Sculpture from the Fifth and Fourth Century B.C.: An Iconographic Study (Ph.D. Diss.), Princeton University. SERWINT N. J. 1993: “The Female Athletic Costume at the Heraia, and Prenuptial Initiation Rites”, AJA 97, 403-422. SHAKESHAFT H. 2019: “The Terminology for Beauty in the Iliad and the Odyssey”, The Classical Quarterly 69(1), 1-22. SHANK E. 2012: “The Procession of ‘Mature’ Women from Xeste 3, Akrotiri”, in M.-L. Nosch – R. Laffineur (eds), KOSMOS: Jewelry, Adornment and Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 13th International Aegean Conference, Copenhagen, 19–22 April 2010, Aegaeum 33, Leuven, 559–565. SHAPIRO H. A. 1983a: “Amazons, Thracians, Scythians”, GRBS 24, 105-114. SHAPIRO H. A. 1983b: “Epilykos kalos”, Hesperia 52, 305-310. SHAPIRO Η. Α. 1986: “The Attic Deity Basile”, ZPE 63, 134-136. SHAPIRO H. A. 1987: “Kalos-Inscriptions with Patronymic”, ZPE 68, 107-118. SHAPIRO H. A. 2000: “Leagros and Euphronios”, in T. Hubbard (ed.), Greek Love Reconsidered, New York, 12-32. SHAPIRO H. A. 2003: “Brief Encounters: Women and Men at the Fountain House”, in B. Schmaltz – M. Söldner (eds), Griechische Keramik im kulturellen Kontext, Münster, 96-98. SHAPIRO H. A. 2004: “Leagros the Satyr”, in C. Marconi (ed.), Greek Vases. Images, Contexts and Controversies. Proceedings of the Conference Sponsored by the Center for the Ancient Mediterranean at Columbia University, 23-24 March 2002, Leiden – Boston, 1-11. SHARPLES R. W. 1985: “Theophrastus on tastes and smells”, in W. W. Fortenbaugh – P. M. Huby – A. A. Long, Theophrastus of Eresus on his Life and Work, New Brunswick, 183-204. SHEAR T. L. 1939: “The Campaign of 1938”, Hesperia VIII, 201-246. SHELMERDINE C. W. 1984: “The Perfumed Oil Industry at Pylos”, in T. G. Palaima – C. W. Shelmerdine (eds), Pylos Comes Alive. Industry and Administration in a Mycenaean Palace, New York, 81-95. SHELMERDINE C. 1985: The Perfume Industry of Mycenean Pylos, Göteborg. SHELMERDINE C. W. 1995: “Shining and Fragrant Cloth in Homeric Epic”, in J. B. Carter – S. P. Morris (eds), The Ages of Homer. A Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule, Austin, 99-107. 762 SHELMERDINE C. W. 1998: “The Perfumed-Oil Industry”, in J. L. Davis (ed.), Sandy Pylos. An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino, Austin, 101-109. SHELMERDINE C. W. 1999: “Administration in the Mycenaean Palaces. Where’s the Chief?”, in M. L. Galaty – W. A. Parkinson (eds), Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces, New Interpretations of an Old Idea, Los Angeles, 19-24. SHERRATT S. – BENNET J. 2016 (eds): Archaeology and Homeric Epic, Oxford. SIMUNKOVA L. 2012: Dance in Ancient Greece, (Ph.D. Diss.), Masarykova Univerzita. SKON-JEDELE N.J. 1994: Aegyptiaka: A Catalogue of Egyptian and Egyptianizing Objects Excavated from Greek Archaeological Sites, ca 1100-525 B.C. with Historical Commentary, (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Pennsylvania. SLATER N. W. 1999: “The Vase as Ventriloquist: Kalos-Inscriptions and the Culture of Fame”, in E. A. Mackay (ed.), Signs of Orality: The Oral Tradition and its Influence in the Greek and Roman World, Leiden, 143-161. SMITH A. C. – PICKUP S. 2010 (eds): Brill’s Companion to Aphrodite, Leiden – Boston. SMITH R. R. R. 1990: “Late Roman philosopher portraits from Aphrodisias”, JRS 80, 127-155. SMITH R. R. R. 1991: Hellenistic Sculpture. A Handbook, London. SMITH R. R. R. 2007: “Pindar, Athletes and the Early Greek Statue Habit”, in S. Hornblower – C. Morgan (eds), Pindar's Poetry, Patrons and Festivals, Oxford, 83-139. SNODGRASS Α. 1998: Homer and the Artists: Text and Picture in Early Greek Art, Cambridge. SOURLAS D. 2014: “Praise for a hetaira: A new Graffito from Fifth-Century BC. Athens”, in A. P. Matthaiou – R. K. Pitt (eds), Αθηναίων Επίσκοπος. Studies in honor of Harold B. Mattingly, Athens, 241-257. SOURVINOU-INWOOD C. 1987: “A Series of Erotic Pursuits: Images and Meanings”, JHS 107, 131153. SPANTIDAKI S. 2014: “Embellishment Techniques of Classical Greek Textiles”, in M. Harlow M. L. Nosch (eds), Greek and Roman Textiles and Dress. An Interdisciplinary Anthology, Oxford – Philadelphia, 34-45. SPANTIDAKI S. 2016: Textile Production in Classical Athens, Oxford. SPIVEY N. 1996: Understanding Greek Sculpture. Ancient Meanings, Modern Readings, New York. SPIVEY Ν. 2012: The Ancient Olympics, Oxford. SPIVEY N. 2013: Greek Sculpture, New York. SPORN K. 2006: “Synkretismen in der Gestalt der Demetra auf Kreta”, in Πεπραγμένα του Θ΄ Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ελούντα 2001, Ελούντα, vol. A2, 129-143. SPYROPOULOS G. 2001: Drei Meisterwerke der Griechischen Plastik aus der Villa des Herodes Atticus zu Eva/Loukou, (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Marburg. SPYROPOULOS G. 2015: “Vivere e Morire nell’Impero”, in E. La Rocca – C. Parisi Presicce – A. Lo Monaco (eds), L’ Età dell’Angoscia, Exhibition catalogue, Roma, 432-436. SPYROPOULOS G. 2021: Appropriation and Synthesis in the Villa of Herodes Atticus at Eva (Loukou), Greece, Los Angeles, in print. SQUILLACE G. 2012: “I profumi nel De odoribus di Teofrasto”, in A. Caranante – M. D’Acunto (eds), I profumi nelle società antiche: produzione, commercio, usi valori simbolici, Paestum, 247-263. SQUIRE M. 2011: The Art of the Body. Antiquity and its Legacy, Oxford. STAFFORD E. J. 1997. “A Wedding Scene? Notes on Akropolis 6471”, JHS 117, 200-202. STÄHLI A. 2005: “Die Konstruktion sozialer Räume von Frauen und Männern in Bildern”, in H. Harich-Schwarzbauer – T. Späth (eds), Gender Studies in den Altertumswissenschaften: Räume und Geschlechter in der Antike, Trier, 83-110. STÄHLI A. 2009: “Nackte Frauen”, in S. Schmidt – J. H. Oakley (eds), Hermeneutik der Bilder – Beiträge zu Ikonographie und Interpretation griechischer Vasenmalerei (Beihefte zum CVA Deutschland IV), München, 43-51. STÄHLI A. 2013: “Women Bathing. Displaying Female Attractiveness on Greek Vases”, in S. K. Lucore – M. Trümper (eds), Greek Baths and Bathing Culture. New Discoveries and Approaches, Leuven – Paris – Walpole, 11-21. STAMPOLIDIS N. 2003 (ed.): Sea Routes… From Sidon to Huelva. Interconnections in the Mediterranean, 16th – 6th c. BC., Exhibition catalogue, Athens. STAMPOLIDIS N. 2004 (ed.): Eleutherna: Polis – Acropolis – Necropolis, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. STAMPOLIDIS N. 2014: “Near Eastern Imports and Imagery on Crete during the Early Iron Age”, in J. Aruz – S. B. Graff – Y. Rakic (eds), Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age, New Haven, 282-294. STAMPOLIDIS N. 2020: Eleutherna, Athens. STAMPOLIDIS N. – OIKONOMOU S. 2014 (eds): Beyond. Death and Afterlife in Ancient Greece, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. STAMPOLIDIS N. – TASSOULAS Y. 2009 (eds): Eros. From Hesiod’s Theogony to Late Antiquity, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. STAMPOLIDIS N. – TASSOULAS Y. 2014 (eds): Hygieia. Health, Illness, Treatment from Homer to Galen, Athens. STANSBURY-O’DONNELL M. D. 2006: “The Development of Geometric Pictorial Narrative as Dis- 763 course”, in E. Rystedt – B. Wells (eds), Pictorial Pursuits. Figurative Painting on Mycenaean and Geometric Pottery (Papers from Two Seminars at the Swedish Institute at Athens in 1999 and 2001, Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athen, 4°, LIII), Stockholm, 247-253. STEINER A. 2002: “Private and Public: Links between symposion and syssition in Fifth-Century Athens”, ClAnt 21, 347-390. STEINER D. 2001: Images in Mind: Statues in Archaic and Classical Greek Literature and Thought, Princeton. STEVENSON W. E. 1975: The Pathological Grotesque Representations in Greek and Roman Art, (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Pennsylvania. STEWART Α. F. 1977: Skopas of Paros, New Jersey. STEWART A. F. 1986: “When is a Kouros not an Apollo? The Tenea 'Apollo' Revisited”, in M. A. Del Chiaro – W. R. Biers (eds), Corinthiaca: Studies in Honor of Darrell A. Amyx, St. Louis-MI, 54-70. STEWART A. F. 1990: Greek Sculpture. An Exploration, New Haven. STEWART A. F. 1997: Art, Desire, and the Body in Ancient Greece, Cambridge. STEWART A. 2010: “A Tale of Seven Nudes: The Capitoline and Medici Aphrodites, Four Nymphs at Elean Herakleia, and an Aphrodite at Megalopolis”, Antichthon 44, 12-32. STEWART A. 2014: Art in the Hellenistic World, New York – Cambridge. STIBBE C. M. 2003: “Zwei bronzene Krieger aus Dodona”, Boreas 26, 1-22. STIBBE C. M. 2007: “Mädchen, Frauen, Göttinnen? Lakonische Weibliche Bronzestatuetten und Stützfiguren archaischer Zeit”, AM 122, 17-98. STRAZDINS E. A. 2012: The Future of the Second Sophistic (Ph.D. Diss.), Balliol College, University of Oxford. STRENZ J. 2001: Männerfrisuren der Spätarchaik, Mainz. SUGIMOTO D. T. 2014 (ed.): Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar - Astarte – Aphrodite, Fribourg. SUTTON R. F. 1981: The Interaction between Men and Women Portrayed on Attic Red-figure Pottery (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Chapel Hill. SUTTON, R. F. 1997. “Nuptial Eros: The Visual Discourse of Marriage in Classical Athens”, JWalt 55/56, 27-48. SUTTON R. F. 2009a: “Female Bathers and the Emergence of the Female Nude in Greek Art”, in C. Kosso – A. Scott (eds), The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance, Amsterdam, 61-86. SUTTON R. F. 2009b: “The Invention of the Female Nude: Zeuxis, Vase-Painting, and the Kneeling Bather”, in J. H. Oakley – O. Palagia (eds), Athenian Potters and Painters II, Oxford, 270-279. TALCOTT L. 1936: “Vases and Kalos-Names from an Agora Well”, Hesperia 5, 333-354. TASINOS V. – KASSIMI P. 2009: “Ancient Corinth, Anapnoa (Anaploga) A. Papathanassopoulos plot, Excavation of an ancient cemetery”, in K. Kissas – W. D. Niemeier (eds), The Corinthia and the Northeast Peloponnese. Topography and History from Prehistoric Times until the End of Antiquity, Αthenaia 4, 125-133. THEMELIS P. 1979: “Contribution à l’étude de l’ex-voto delphique de Daochos”, BCH 103, 507-520. THEMELIS P. 2015: Ancient Messene, Athens. THONEMANN P. 2015: The Hellenistic World. Using Coins as Sources, Cambridge. TÖLLE-KASTENBEIN R. 1994: Das archaische Wasserleitungsnetz für Athen und seine späteren Bauphasen, Mainz. TOLUN V. 2015: “Terracotta figurines from the Western Necropolis of Assos”, in A. Müller – E. Lafli – S. Huysecom-Haxhi (eds), Figurines de terre cuite en Méditerranée grecque et romaine 2. Iconographie et contexts, BCH Suppl. 54, Athènes, 375-384. TOUZE R. 2008: “Les matières premières employées dans la confection des huiles, onguents et poudres parfumés en Grèce ancienne”, in L. Bodiou – D. Frere – V. Mehl (eds), Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 45-59. TRAVLOS J. 1971: Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens, New York. TRENDALL A. D. – CAMBITOGLOU A. 1982: The Red-figured Vases of Apulia, II, Oxford. TRENDALL A. D. – CAMBITOGLOU A. 1991: Second supplement to The Red-figured Vases of Apulia, London. TRIANTAFYLLIDIS P. 2014: « La faience et le verre » in A. Coulié – M. Filimonos-Tsopotou (eds), Rhodes une île grecque aux portes de l’Orient XVe – Ve siècle avant J.-C., Paris, 100-103. TRUE Μ. 2006: “Athenian Potters and the Production of Plastic Vases”, in B. Cohen (ed.), The Colors of Clay. Special Techniques in Athenian Vases, Los Angeles, 240-249. TRUE M. – HAMMA K. 1994 (eds): A Passion for Antiquities. Ancient Art from the Collection of B. and L. Fleischman, Malibu. TRÜMPER M. 2002: “Grobschlächtige Arbeiter oder durchtrainierte Athleten?”, AA, 45-64. TRUMPF-LYRITZAKI M. 1969: Griechische Figurenvasen des reichen Stils und der späten Klassik, Bonn. TSANTSANOGLOU K. 2019: Studies in Sappho and Alcaeus, Berlin - Boston. TSIGARIDA B. 2006: “Couronnes, diadèmes, colliers et boucles d’oreilles de Macédoine centrale à l’ époque de Philippe II et d’ Alexandre le Grand”, in G. Nicolini (ed.), Les ors des mondes grec et barbare: Actes du colloque de la Société d'Archéologie Classique du 18 novembre 2000, Paris, 153-163. 764 TSIGARIDA B. 2010: “A New Gold Myrtle Wreath from Central Macedonia in the Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki”, BSA 105, 305-315. TSUKIMOTO A. 2014: “In the Shadow of Thy Wings: A Review of the Winged Goddess in Ancient Near East Iconography”, in D. T. Sugimoto (ed.), Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar - Astarte – Aphrodite, Fribourg, 15-32. TULLY C. 2011: “Aphrodite Hellenised: The Taming of a Goddess of Sex and Power”, in Anointed: A Devotional Anthology for the Deities of the Near and Middle East, Asheville, 233–242. URE P. N. 1934: Aryballoi und Figurines from Ritsona in Boeotia, Cambridge. VAGLIERI D. 1913: “Regione I (Latium et Campania). LATIUM, VI. Ostia – Via delle corporazioni, teatro, decumano. Scoperta di taberne repubblicane sotto l'area del tempio di Vulcano. Mura repubblicane. Scoperte varie”, NSc, 295-307. VALAVANIS P. D. 2004: Games and Sanctuaries in Ancient Greece: Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea, Athens, Athens. VAN ELSLANDE E. – GUÉRINEAU V. – THIRIOUX V. – RICHARD G. – RICHARDIN P. – LAPRÉVOTE O. – HUSSLER G. – WALTER P. 2008a: “Analysis of Ancient Greco-Roman Cosmetic Materials Using Laser Desorption Ionization and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 390(7), 1873-1879. VAN ELSLANDE E. – LECOMTE S. – LE HÔ A.-S. 2008b: “Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and surface- enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on organic colourants in archaeological pigments”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 39(8), 1001-1006.VAN GENNEP A. 1960: The Rites of Passage, Chicago. VERBANCK-PIÉRARD Α. – MASSAR Ν. 2008 (eds): Parfums de l’Antiquité: la rose et l’encens en Méditerranée, Exhibition catalogue, Mariemont. VERDELIS N. M. 1951: « L'apparition du sphinx dans l'art grec aux VIII et VII siècles avant C. », BCH 75, 1-37. VIGARELLO G. 2007: Η ιστορία της ομορφιάς. Το σώμα και η τέχνη του καλλωπισμού από την Αναγέννηση ως σήμερα, Athens. VOKOTOPOULOU J. 1993 (ed.): Greek Civilization. Macedonia, Kingdom of Alexander the Great, Exhibition catalogue, Athens. VON BOTHMER D. 1951: “Attic Black-figured Pelikai”, JHS 71, 40-47. VON BOTHMER D. 1957: Amazons in Greek Art, Oxford. VON BOTHMER D. 1983: Wealth of the Ancient World. The Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt Collections, Fort Worth. VOUTSA K. 2001: “Mycenaean Craftsmen in Palace Archives: Problems in Interpretation”, in A. Michailidou (ed.), Manufacture and Measurement. Counting, Measuring and Recording Craft Items in Early Aegean Societies, Athens, 145-165. WACHTER R. 2001: Non-Attic Greek Vase Inscriptions, Oxford. WACHTER R. 2016 (ed.): Töpfer – Maler – Schreiber. Inschriften auf attischen Vasen, Akten des Kolloquiums vom 20. bis 23. September 2012 an den Universitäten Lausanne und Basel, Zürich – Kilchberg. WAGNER C. 1997: Dedication Practices on the Athenian Acropolis, (Ph.D. Diss.), University of Oxford. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f2e2c02-7bc0-43c0-843c-cc76217c1485 WALLENSTEIN K. 1972: “Der Aryballos im Aryballos“, AA, 458-474. WALSH M. P. 1989: Athleticism in Athenian Art of the Late Archaic Period (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Oxford. WALTER P. – MARTINETTO P. – TSOUCARIS G. – BRNIAUX R. – LEFEBVRE M. A. – RICHARD G. – TALABOT J. – DOORYHEE E. 1999a: “Making make-up in Ancient Egypt”, Nature 397, 483-484. WALTER P. – ZIEGLER C. – MARTINETTO P. – TALABOT J. 1999b: « Quand la couleur soulignait l’œil dans l’Égypte ancienne », Techné 9-10, 9-18. WARBURTON D. 2008: « Le parfum en Égypte ancienne. Erotisme, divinité et commerce », in L. Bodiou – D. Frere – V. Mehl (eds), Parfums et odeurs dans l’antiquité, Rennes, 217-225. WEBB P. A. 1996: Hellenistic Architectural Sculpture. Figural Motifs in Western Anatolia and the Aegean Islands, London. WEBB V. 1978: Archaic Greek Faience. Miniature scent bottles and related objects from East Greece, 650-500 B.C., Warminster. WEBER M. 1996: Antike Badekultur, München. WEHGARTNER I. 1983: Attisch weissgrundige Keramik. Maltechniken, Werkstätten, Formen, Verwendung, Mainz am Rhein. WEILER I. 2010: “Das Kalokagathia-Ideal und der ‘hässliche’ Athletenkörper”, in P. Mauritsch (ed.) Körper im Kopf. Antike Diskurse zum Körper, Graz, 95-119. WEISS K. 1995: “Zur Typologie und Bedeutung attischer Schuh- und Sandalengefäβe”, Nikephoros 8, 19-40. WELCOMME E. – WALTER P. – VAN ELSLANDE E. – TSOUCARIS G. 2006: “Investigation of white pigments used as make-up during the Greco-Roman period”, Applied Physics A, vol. 83, 551–556. WERNICKE K. 1890: Die griechischen Vasen mit Lieblingsnamen: eine archäologische Studie, Berlin. WESENBERG B. 2020: Qualis peplus fuerit. Zum panathenäischen Peplos, Möhnesee. WEST M. L. 1971: Iambi et Elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati, Oxford. 765 WEST M. L. 2003: “Iliad and Aethiopis”, CQ 53, 1-14. WEST M. L. 2011: The Making of the Iliad: Disquisition and Analytical Commentary, Oxford. WEST M. L. 2014: The Making of the Odyssey, Oxford. WHITLEY J. 2018: “Near Eastern Art in the Iron Age Mediterranean”, in A. C. Gunter (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Art, Hoboken, 585-612. WIGAND K. 1912: “Thymiateria”, BJb 122, 1-97. WIGGERMANN F. A. M. 1998: “Nackte Göttin (Naked Goddess)”, Reallexikon der Assyriologie 9, 46–53. WILL E. 1938: “A propos de la base des Thessaliens à Delphes”, BCH 62, 289-304. WILL F. 1976: The Generic Demands of Greek Literature, Amsterdam. WILLIAMS D. 2018: “A Dourian geustērion: scenes of wine production and sale on Athenian vases”, BABesch 93, 75-92. WILLIAMS D. – OGDEN J. 1994: Greek Gold: Jewelry of the Classical World, Exhibition catalogue, London. WRIGLEY S. 2011: The Lydion. Revealing Connectivity across the Mediterranean in the Sixth Century B.C. (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), University of Sydney. WÜNNERLICH M. 1986: Griechische Wettkampf- und Palästradarstellungen: eine Untersuchung zu den Darstellungsprinzipien schwerathletisch-agonaler Darstellungen in der Zeit vom Ende des 8. bis zum Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. (Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität. WÜNSCHE R. – KNAUSS F. 2004: Lockender Lorbeer. Sport und Spiel in der Antike, München. YATROMANOLAKIS D. 2007: Sappho in the making: The early reception, (Hellenic Studies Series 28), Cambridge (MA). YATROMANOLAKIS D. 2016a (ed.): Epigraphy of Art. Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings, Oxford. YATROMANOLAKIS D. 2016b: “Soundscapes (and Two Speaking Lyres)”, in D. Yatromanolakis (ed.), Epigraphy of Art. Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings, Oxford, 1-42. YEROULANOS M. 2016 (ed.): A Dictionary of Greek Quotations, London. YOUNG D. C. 1984: The Olympic Myth of Greek Amateur Athletics, Chicago. YOUNGER J. 2016: “Minoan Women”, in S. L. Budin – J. MacIntosh Turfa (eds), Women in Antiquity. Real women across the Ancient World, London – New York, 573-594. ZACCAGNINO C. 1998: Il thymiateron nel mondo greco. Analisi delle fonti, tipologia, impieghi, Roma. ZADOKS-JITTA A. 1937: “The Poseidon Isthmios by Lysippos”, JHS 57, 224-226. ZAGDOUN M.-A. 1977: Fouilles de Delphes IV – Monuments Figurés: Sculpture. Fasc. 6, Reliefs, Paris ZERVOUDAKI E. 1968: “Attische polychrome Reliefkeramik des späten 5. und 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.”, AM 83, 1-88. ZIMI E. 1997: “Spoons in the Greek world”, in O. Palagia (ed.), Greek Offerings. Essays on Greek Art in honour of John Boardman, Oxford, 209-220. ZSCHIETZSCHMANN W. 1935: “E. Dyggve – F. Poulsen – K. Rhomaios, Das Heroon von Kalydon”, Gnomon 11, 656-660.