International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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An Improved Design of Micro-Hydro Electric Power Plant
Dr.D.Vimalakeerthy1 , Humaid Abdullah Fadhil Al-Hinai 2, Hamood Salim Mohamed Al-Bimani 3
Lecturer, Electrical Power Engineering Department, Nizwa College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman
Instructor, Electrical Power Engineering Department, Nizwa College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman
3Student, Electrical Power Engineering Department, Nizwa College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman
1
2
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------(iii) It requires very small running charges because water is
the free source of energy.
Abstract - In developing countries scarcity of electrical
power is the major problem and it needs to be taken care. Also
it is not adequate to use fossil fuel as a conventional source for
production of electrical power. Hydro power plant is
considered to be an environment friendly solution in the
countries where rivers are available, for serving rural
electrification. Hydro power plants are attracting the power
producing industries due to their low administrative and
executive costs, possibility of using water for irrigation and
drinking purposes, suitability for rural areas and low
pollutions for the environment. In this paper an attempt has
been made to develop a micro Hydro power plant model that
can be used as a battery charger or temporary power supply in
case of remote areas. With MATLAB/SIMULINK, the models of
the proposed simulation system are all modularized and
visualized, and can be reused easily. Solid works has been used
to evaluate the mechanical model of the turbine. Alternator
was used coupled with the generator to generate the electric
supply. This research work finds its application as battery
charger or a standby power supply
(iv) It is comparatively simple in construction and requires
less maintenance.
(v) It does not require a long starting time like a steam
power station and can start instantly.
(vi) It is robust and has a longer life.
(vii) Such plants serve many purposes like irrigation and
controlling floods.
Key Words: Hydro electric power plant, Turbine design,
Micro hydro electric power plant.
1. INTRODUCTION
Hydro-electric power station utilizes the potential energy of
water at a high level for the generation of electrical energy.
Hydro-electric power stations are located in hilly areas to
facilitate building of dams to create large water reservoirs.
From the dam, water flows to turbine at high pressure. The
turbine changes the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
at the turbine shaft. The turbine drives the Generator which
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Block
diagram of the propose micro hydro-electric power plant is
shown in fig1.
Fig -1: Block diagram of Micro hydro-electric power plant
2. DESIGN OF MICRO TURBINE
Mechanical software SOLIDWORKS is used for designing the
turbine. It is a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design)
program that runs on Microsoft Windows and is being
developed by Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp. It helps
companies define, organize, and publish 3D Product
Manufacturing Information (PMI) including 3D model data in
industry standard file 3D PDF.
Unlike traditional 2D
drawings, SOLIDWORKS guides the manufacturing process
directly in 3D, which helps streamline production, cut cycle
time, reduce errors, and
support industry standards. The
Drawing File (extension SLDDRW) is where the actual
There are several components requirement in hydro
electrical system. They are Water source, Penstock, Turbine
and Generator. Hydro-electric power station offers certain
advantages:
(i) It requires no fuel as water is used for the generation of
electrical energy.
(ii) It is quite neat and clean as no smoke or ash is produced.
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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engineering drawings are produced. Multiple views of a part,
section views, detail views and auxiliary views are all
included. Coordinate dimensions and geometric dimension
tolerancing are included in the proper views. The drawing
will have a title block where all pertinent information about
the part in the drawing is listed. There will be special title
blocks for ME152 and ME153 which will be available to the
student. Assemblies are also put into drawings.
Before the construction of actual turbine, the design was
simulated using solid works. Simulated model was generated
in order to ease the fabrication of actual turbine. Following
figures gives out the turbine design using solid works.
Fig -3: Micro turbine Casing
To design the turbine metal sheet is used. It is cut as per the
required dimension and was used for making turbine blade
(0.8mm thick) and casing (1 mm thick). Metal sheets are hard
and weightless in comparison with iron sheet.
The turbine and casing was constructed with the
following dimensions:
Table -1: Design details of turbine
Sno
Design part
Dimension
1
Diameter of total wheel
30 cm
2
Wheel and blades thickness
8mm
3
Number of blades
8
4
Blade angle
40 degree
5
Shaft length
35 cm
6
Shaft diameter
15mm
7
Bearings
15mm
8
Mounting height
30cm
Fig -2: Micro turbine design using solid works
Fig -3: Micro turbine Blade Assembly
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016
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3. MODELING OF HYDRO ELECTRO SERVO SYSTEM
4. MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF MICRO HYDRO
POWER PLANT ODELING OF HYDRO ELECTRO
SERVO SYSTEM
Equations describing variation in flow and
developed mechanical power with respect to the turbine
speed, gate opening and runner blade movement of hydro
turbine are considered for modeling of the system. The
output power of turbine is reduced due to fall of pressure
across the turbine. As the power developed in the turbine
changes with the flow rate, the system operates or gains the
steady state when the flow through the penstock gets
constant.
The individual sub-models like hydro turbine governor,
synchronous generator, excitation system and 3-phase RLC
load are now connected together to form the complete block
diagram of micro hydro power plant shown in fig 4..
The simulation results obtained are shown in charts given
below.
The equations related to the transient performance
of the hydraulic turbines are based on the following
assumption.
(i)
The hydraulic turbine`s blade is considered
as smooth i.e. its frictional resistance is
neglected.
(ii)
The water hammer on penstock is
neglected.
(iii)
The fluid is considered as incompressible.
(iv)
The velocity of water in penstock varies
directly with gate opening.
(v)
The developed output power of turbine is
proportional to the product of head and
velocity of flow.
Equation 1 and 2 represents the flow rate and the
developed mechanical power at the shaft respectively in
terms gate opening of the system and the net head.
Q=G√H
---------
1
Chart -1: Vf per unit
Where Q is Flow rate in m3/sec, G is gate opening in rad, H is
net head in meter. The developed power, Pm in turbine can
be written as
Pm=At H(Q-Qn1) --------- 2
Where, At is the turbine gain, and Qn1 is the no load flow rate
Velocity of water in Penstock U is given by
U=KU G√H
--------- 3
Ku is proportional constant.
Once the velocity of the water in penstock is determined, the
relation of flow rate, head
Q=AU
--------- 4
The mechanical power output is given by
Pm = P – Pi
--------- 5
Where Pi is the fixed power loss in turbine due to friction.
Pi = UNLH
--------- 6
Where UNL stands for no load speed.
The hydraulic characteristics and mechanical power
output of the turbine is modelled here. The nonlinear
characteristics of hydraulic turbine are neglected in this
model.
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Chart -2: Turbine Speed
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Fig -4: Simulation of MicroHydro Electric Power Plant
Chart -3: Mechanical Power
Chart -5: Stator Current
Chart -4: Generated Voltage
Chart -6: Rotor Speed
© 2016, IRJET
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Chart -7: Output Power
[5]
Auwal Abubakar Usman, Rabiu Aliyu Abdulkadir,
MODELLING ANDSIMULATION OF MICRO HYDRO
POWER PLANT USING MATLAB
SIMULINK ,
International Journal of Advanced Technology in
Engineering and Science, Vol.No.3, Issue 1, September
2015.
http://www.hydroquebec.com/learning/hydroelectricit
e/types-turbines.html
http://www.instructables.com/id/Making-Turbineblades-on-solid-works/
Feasibility Study of Hydro electric System for
Application in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2010.
Technical Analysis of Hydro Electric Power and
Integration with Wind Power in the Pacific Northwest,
August 2009
BIOGRAPHY
The
author
of
the
paper
Dr.D.Vimalakeerthy is working as
Lecturer In Electrical Power Engineering
Department,
Nizwa
College
of
Technology, Sultanate of Oman. His area
of interest is Electrical Machines and
Drives in Renewable applications.
Chart -7: RMS Value of voltage and current
5. CONCLUSIONS
A micro Hydro Electric Power Plant has been constructed
successfully. In order to design the turbine solid works has
been used as a design tool. A model of the turbine to be
designed was drawn in the solid works. Actual turbine using
the model developed in solid works was done by using metal
sheet available in mechanical workshop. The turbine was
designed with 8 blades using metal sheet of thickness
0.8mm. In order to avoid the splashing of water outside the
turbine a case has been constructed using 1mm sheet. Two
holes are provided in the casing for enabling inlet and outlet
of water from the turbine. The micro model is simulated
using the matlab and tested for its performance. At the
outset the developed micro hydro electric power plant can
be used to charge the battery that can be used in case of
sudden power failure or an inverter can be designed to
convert the generated DC to AC and can be used as standby
power supply for motor room or for garden during night
time.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The mechanical design of this project was done at Nizwa
College of Technology. The model is tested practically and
validated for performance.
© 2016, IRJET
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Impact Factor value: 4.45
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ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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