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Influence of Latin and French on the English language lexis
The origin of French words that are used in English language
The International Handbook of Lexis and Lexicography
Forthcoming in: The International Handbook of Lexis and Lexicography, ed. P. Hanks and G.-M. de Schryver
2018
The aim of my work is to show the mechanisms of semantic change and the way they affected some of the words when they were borrowed from Latin into the English lexicon in the sixteenth century. The analysis of the words is based on the cognitive theories about prototypical categories and mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy which act as forces expanding categories and creating new meanings and senses of words. The analyzed words were chosen from The Proheme of The Boke named the Gouernour by Sir Thomas Elyot. The research shows the importance of historical, political, and social circumstances and their impact on language.
This paper examines the enormous productivity of Latin in the English language throughout time. Influences, however, will be remarked on the lexical and morphological fields. Therefore, due to length restrictions, other aspects such as phonology will be overlooked. Firstly, the general linguistic, historical and social contextualization of Latin will be described. In other words, it will be analyzed how Latin came into contact with English. Afterwards, different periods of influence will be covered, as well as the morphological heritage that the English language took from Latin, ranging from derivation (i.e. prefixation and suffixation) to inflectional and compound processes. In all cases, the most illustrative examples will be offered. Finally, the etymological explanation will help to establish certain parallelisms between Latin and English. Thereby, it will be essential to state the idea, that English and Latin share numerous similar features, is still present, despite belonging to different language families, as well as their own peculiarities, which is to say, those properties that make both languages different in comparison to other ones.
The author demonstrates the peculiarities of lexical borrowings formed by the method of contamination and notes that they belong to the category of direct loans, which are the most impervious to the action of the natural tendency to find a name to a borrowed concept or object, that is expressed through linguistic means of the mother tongue and presence in contacting languages of their common international vocabulary layer, for example borrowings of similar Greek-Latin origin, that are involved in the process of contamination of words.
Nordic Journal of Renaissance Studies 19 = Ipsissima verba: Essays in honour of Johann Ramminger (eds Giancarlo Abbamonte, Minna Skafte Jensen, Marianne Pade), 2022
In the present paper, the list of dictionary entries of the Neulateinische Wortliste is used as a corpus for an examination of early modern trends in Latin word formation. Only words first attested after the Middle Ages were included in the analysis. The frequency of various groups of lexemes (word classes, morphological types, noun genders) and morphemes (derivational suffixes, prefixes, compound components) is displayed and occasionally compared to the entries in the Lewis & Short dictionary of Ancient Latin. The analysis has revealed which elements were favoured by the Renaissance authors and to what extent.
The article anteeo, written by Wilhelm Bannier, was published in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL) in 1901. This entry has been rewritten according to contemporary standards at the institute and edited at each step in the process by editors currently at TLL. In comparing the two versions, I discuss differences between anteeo 1901 and 2007 in matters such as methods of data retrieval, rates of composition, levels of accuracy, and editorial policies. The article evaluates both the pros and cons of developments at Munich, while also serving as a primer on how to " read " a TLL article.
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