World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Reyad et al.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
SJIF Impact Factor 5.045
Volume 4, Issue 1, 397-404.
Research Article
ISSN 2277– 7105
TRADITIONALLY MEDICINAL PLANTS USE IN THE
VILLAGE OF BANGLADESH
Md. Reyad-Ul-Ferdous1,2*, Shahnur Parvez3, Subash Pandaya1, Kawsar Mahamud3,
Manson Pandey4, Sharmi Sultana Ayshi3, Dan Babu Barman3, Nusrat Jahan3
1
Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, Progati Medical Institute, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
3
Department of Pharmacy, University of development alternative, Dhaka.1207, Bangladesh.
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of
2
Biomedical Sciences and Research, Deheradun, India.
Article Received on
04 Nov 2014,
SUMMARY
Revised on 29 Nov 2014,
Accepted on 24 Dec 2014
contains more than thousands secondary metabolites those are exhibit
*Correspondence for
Anciently plants are used for several acute and chronic diseases. Plants
several potential pharmacological activity and lead compounds. Future
investigation would lead to identification, purification of lead
compounds from those plants. This investigation indicate the use of
Author
Md. Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
plants in combination or individual for remedies of several diseases
Department of Pharmacy,
like as chicken pox, bone fracture, orchitis, snake bite, jaundice, fever,
Progati Medical Institute,
typhoid, ear infection, skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders,
Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, pain, poisonous insect bites,
hepatitis B, whitish discharge from vagina, respiratory disorders, tooth infections, gonorrhea,
passing of semen with urine, puerperal fever, cuts and wounds as well as uterine problems.
All the plants used anciently are interest for further scientific studies to determine their
efficacy in treatment some formulations reported for the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis B,
cardiovascular disorders and gonorrhea deserve special research either because of the
development of drug-resistant bacterial strains (like as gonorrhea), diabetes, cardiovascular
disorders and hepatitis B are becoming endemic throughout the world for various reasons and
modern medicine has no effective treatment for these ailments. This study would more
effective in future for isolation, purification and development of new molecules for several
acute and chronic diseases.
KEYWORDS: Ethno-medicinal plants, Barisal, Bangladesh.
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INTRODUCTION
Nature contains vast medicinal plants those exhibit potential biological activity. At least 10%
of modern medicines isolated from plants among 12,000 compounds.[1,2] All plants produce
two types of metabolites one is primary metabolite and secondary metabolite. Primary
metabolite consists of fat, sugar in whole plants and secondary metabolites also present in
different part of the plants.[3]
Almost 5,000 floral species are abundantly use in Bangladesh as herbal medicine during
ancient era by folk medicine practitioner (Kaviraje). We know allopathic medicine is
‘modern’ and most superior from other types of medicine like as homeopathic. Most of the
potential allopathic medicines are drive from plants and those were traditionally used in
thousand centuries.[4,5]
Recent investigation indicates use of herbal medicines as a complementary or alternative
medicine for the treatment of various diseases directly or indirectly.[6]
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present survey was carried out at Khorki village in Barisal district. One Kaviraje was
interviewed, namely Hakim Mohammad Edris Soudagor. Informed consent was initially
obtained from the Hakim (Kaviraje) prior to any interviews. The Hakim was told in details
about the purpose of our survey, specially the need to document their information so that they
do not get forgotten as well as particular consent obtained to publish their names and
information provided in national and international journals. The Hakim agreed to being
interviewed; in fact, information and consent was provided readily. Interview was conducted
in Bengali, the language being spoken by both interviewers and Hakim with the help of a
semi-structured questionnaire develop by field-walk method
[7,8]
. All plant species were
collected from sport; field dried and sends to the Bangladesh National Herbarium for
identification of those plants. Still lots of Bangladeshi floral species unknown and those may
added in fresh discoveries of new floral species from various parts of the country are being
made on a fairly regular basis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this investigation we were observed that the Kaviraje used a total of 13 medicinal plants
for treatment of a various variety of ailments. The rest 13 plants were distributed into 13
families. All Plant parts were mostly used for treatment versus whole plants and it was
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observed that different plant parts from the same plant were used for treatment of various
diseases. The plant parts used mostly included leaves, stems, barks, roots, tubers, flowers,
fruits, seeds, rhizomes and exudates (sap) from a plant. The results are shown in Table 1. An
interesting feature of the Kaviraje was that in most cases, the parts from the same plant or the
same plant was used for treatment of a wide variety of diseases like as flatulency, low sperm
count, sperm incapable of being fertilized, bitter, to increase flow of bile, astringent, biliary
problems like bile turning the color of blood, gastrointestinal propulsion inhibitor (i.e.
dysentery or during diarrhea), coughs, tuberculosis and fever. The bark of the same plant was
used for treatment of leprosy and eczema, while the stems from the plant were used for the
treatment of asthma. The dried or fresh aerial parts or leaves of the plant were used as
prophylaxis and symptomatic treatment of upper respiratory infections such as
(uncomplicated sinusitis, pharyngotonsillitis, common cold), lower acute diarrhea and urinary
tract infections, while whole plants inclusive of roots were used for the treatment of
bronchitis, bacillary dysentery, carbuncles, cough, colitis, dyspepsia, fever, hepatitis, sores,
malaria, mouth ulcers, tuberculosis and venomous snake bites; the dried aerial parts of the
same plant was used for treatment of colic, otitis media (middle ear infection), vaginitis
(inflammation of the vagina), chickenpox, pelvic inflammatory disease, eczema and burns. It
can be easily observed from Table 1 that taken together, the Kaviraje interviewed possessed
considerable knowledge on the medicinal properties of not only the whole plant, but also
separate plant parts as well. Some of the diseases treated, like diabetes or rheumatism do not
have cures in allopathic medicine. As such, the plants used by the Kaviraje for treatment of
these various diseases, merit scientific investigations towards discovery of possible new
drugs to combat these diseases which also afflict millions of people throughout the world.
The other plants used by the Kaviraje also deserve proper scientific studies. Any validation of
their folk medicinal uses can not only result in possible discovery of cheaper, newer and more
effective drugs as well as spur conservation efforts on these medicinal plants [22].
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Table 1: Medicinal plants use by the Kavirajes of Khorki villages in Barisal district of
Bangladesh.
Serial Scientific name Family name
Number
1.
Mangifera
Anacardiaceae
indica
Local
name
Aam
Using
part
Mango
seeds
2.
3.
Abroma
augusta
Sterculiaceae
Ulotkombol
Leaf
petiole
Centella
asiatica
Urb.
Apiaceae
Thankuni
or
adamoni
shak
Leaf
(L.)
4.
Phyllanthus
emblica
Phyllanthaceae
Amloki
gach
Fruits
5.
Zingiber
officinale
Zingiberaceae
Ada gach
Roots
6.
Allium cepa
Amaryllidaceae
Piyaj
(white)
Juice
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Use
Contraindication
Dysentery,
Frequent
urine
The
spinocerebellar
ataxia type 2 (SCA-2) is a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder without specific
therapy identified, and it
is related to the loss of
function
in
the
cerebellum,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress and neurotoxic
processes.[9]
The aqueous extract of
Insomnia,
the fresh leaves of
appetite,
Abroma
augusta
L.
Meh,
(Family:
Sterculiaceae,
irascible,
Bengali
name:
foot/leg/eye Ulatkambal,
English
irritation
name: Devil's cotton, DC)
is viscous and used
traditionally
to
treat
[10]
diabetes mellitus.
Diarrhea,
Some sources state that
Dysentery,
Centella may reduce
Gastric
fertility in animal studies,
thins the blood, and may
be hypoglycemic.[11]
Digestion
No negative side effects
developmen or
studies
reporting
t
warnings were found,
although it may be drying
to skin and hair.[12]
Dry cough
Burning
feeling
in
mouth/throat, abdominal
pain, diarrhea.[13]
Hair growth Allergies to the plant. The
& hair fall level
of safety of
Reducing.
BulbusAlliiCepae
is
reflected by its worldwide
use as a vegetable.
Diabetes: Onion might
lower blood sugar. If you
have diabetes and use
onion
in
medicinal
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
7.
Areca catechu
Arecaceae
Supari
gach
Fruits
Remedy
from Foot
rotten
8.
Brassica rapa L
Brassicacee
Sorisha
gach
Seed
oil
Reducing
general
body pain
9.
Punica
granatum
Lythraceae
Dalim
Young
Leaf
Dysentery
10.
Musa sapientum Musaceae
Bichi
Kola
Fruits
Digestion
developmen
t,
Body
relaxation
(Drinking
Juice
of
banana+
250mg
water)
11.
Aloe vera (L.) Aloaceae
Burm.f.
Ghrito
Leaf
kumara or
muskani
pata
Hair fall,
Cold head,
Dysentery.
12.
Aegle marmelos Rutaceae
(L.) Corr.
Bel gach
Dysentery,
Digestion
problem,
Body tan
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Fruits
Vol 4, Issue 1, 2015.
amounts, check your
blood sugar carefully.[14]
Betel nut consumption
has been linked to the
incidence of metabolic
syndrome.[15]
Cruciferous
vegetables
can
potentially
be
goitrogenic
(inducing
goiter formation)
Brassica species may
cause baby colic in
breast-feeding.[16]
Discontinue
if
allergyoccurs - Pregnancy
Root-bark, stem-bark of
P. granatum are highly
toxic, so it must be use
with extreme caution not
to be used during
pregnancy, lactation, and
for children.[17]
Patients
with
cardiovascular diseases
and/or
pulmonary
diseases
such
as
symptomatic
unstable,
steroid-dependent asthma,
and/or those who are
receiving cardiovascular
drugs such as beta
blockers, may be at
higher risk for severe
adverse reactions.[18]
Aloe gel is likely safe
when applied to the skin
and possible
safe when
taken by mouth in adults.
Once in a while aloe gel
might cause burning and
itching of the skin.[19]
The leaves are said to
cause
abortion
and
sterility in women. The
bark is used as a fish
poison in the Celebes.
Tannin,
ingested
frequently and in quantity
over a long period of
time, is antinutrient and
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Reyad et al.
13.
Piper betle
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Piperaceae
Paan
Leaf
Blood
binding,
carcinogenic.[20]
Betel leaf extract alone
has not been shown to
cause significant side
effects, but there are side
effects associated with the
use of betel quid.[21]
CONCLUTIONS
Traditionally various spices are potentially use as folk medicine in Bangladesh. Some plants
used as dietary supplementary, foods flavoring agent, coloring agent and preservative from
thousands of years. Numerous ancient texts reveal significance of these spices, cultivations,
their uses, therapeutic effects, economical aspects and so on. All these plants contain several
phytochemical constituents to cure from several diseases like chicken pox, bone fracture,
orchitis, snake bite, jaundice, fever, typhoid, ear infection, skin diseases, gastrointestinal
disorders, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, pain, poisonous insect bites, hepatitis B, whitish
discharge from vagina, respiratory disorders, tooth infections, gonorrhea, passing of semen
with urine, puerperal fever, cuts and wounds, as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
hypolipidemic, anti diabetic, Chemopreventive, anti cancer, anti mutagenic, digestive
stimulatory as well as uterine problems and so on. In the village people, they were used those
plant by self or by folk medicine practitioner known as Hakim or Kaviraje. In this survey, all
those plants were successfully used for the treatment of several acute and chronic diseases.
Traditional studies elucidate that Bangladeshi plants represent vast resources for possible lead
compound in drug development or as alternative medicine development. Future investigation
will reveal more specific compounds, mechanism of action, isolation, purification of lead
compounds.
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