Theories Of Personality

Perfectionists have shown increased negative affect after failure compared to nonperfectionists. However, little is known about how perfectionists react to repeated failure. This study investigated the effects of two forms of perfectionism—self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism—on 100 university students’ reactions to repeated failure (versus repeated success) examining three negative emotions: anxiety, depression, and anger. Results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, depression, and anger after initial failure and further increased anger after repeated failure. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, but only after repeated failure. The findings suggest that both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism are vulnerability factors predisposing individuals to react with increased negative affect after repeated failure.

Louis Charland’s claim that DSM Cluster B personality disorders are moral rather than clinical kinds has recently triggered a lively debate. In order to deliver a reliable report of the latter, both (1) Charland’s arguments concerning the impossibility of identifying and treating personality disorders without applying a morally laden conceptual framework and (2) some critical responses they provoked are discussed. Then, in turn, the conceptual history of the notion of personality disorder is traced, including not only well-recognized contributions from (3) medical psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and DSM nosology, but also (4) an important, but often neglected, tradition of virtue and moral character. Finally, (5) the idea of a normatively neutral concept of personality disorder is scrutinized in the context of its logical dependence on the fact-value distinction. The latter dichotomy’s recent criticism, in particular, is employed to support Charland’s argument and to suggest that the normative character of personality disorders may go much deeper than this or that DSM formulation.

Encouraging further research on the dimensional assessment of personality disorders (PDs), Section III of the DSM-5 introduced a hybrid model for the assessment of six PDs employing self-reports on 25 maladaptive personality traits (“DSM-5 personality traits”). Following suggestions that multidimensional perfectionism is an important characteristic across various personality disorders (Ayearst, Flett, & Hewitt, 2012), the present study investigated how personal (self-oriented) and interpersonal (other-oriented and socially prescribed) aspects of perfectionism predicted the DSM-5 personality traits in a sample of 311 university students. Multiple regressions (controlling for the overlap between the different forms of perfectionism) showed that socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PD; other-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining narcissistic PD; and both socially prescribed and other-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining antisocial PD. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism positively predicted only one of the four traits defining obsessive-compulsive PD (rigid perfectionism). Showing that multidimensional perfectionism predicted all DSM-5 traits defining the personality disorders of Section III, the findings suggest that future DSM-5 updates may profit from including interpersonal aspects of perfectionism as a diagnostic criterion.

Politics is a serious field that plays an important role in order for a country to attain progress and become successful. The concept of politics is vague. Different people have different view of what politics is. Some says that politics is a game, a dirty game indeed. Merely it's because during election campaigns, political mudslinging cannot be avoided. While for some, politics is some kind of business that their wealth was attached to the profession they have. In Philippine politics, anything and everything is possible. There are these celebrities turning politician. But the most obvious thing is the continuously sprouting of what we so-called "political dynasties" in our government. In our country today, one of the most prominent families in Philippine politics is the Binay Family. There were 4 of them who came to power before but after the recent mid-term senatorial election, another Binay was elected in the senate in the person of Nancy Binay.

This conference presentation aims to provide a deeper understanding of the contribution of personality to the academic performance. This effect, however, can be divided at least into two parts: (1) personality can enhance the performance in any educational institution independently of the curriculum (i.e. the personality fits the formal educational system); additionally (2) one’s personality can fit a profession, thus this person will show a better performance in the education if the curriculum is connected to the given profession. Our study tries to identify this two effects through the comparison of the contribution of the personality-profession match to the university admission scores (representing the performance not connected to a given profession) versus to the two semester average grade means (representing the performance connected to a profession) among students of the University of Debrecen Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. Our sample contained 372 students ...

In this paper, we look at the way key personality traits might interact. Specifically, we investigate whether performance on a standard task assessing the cognitive style of Field Dependence–Independence, the Group Embedded Figures Task (GEFT), is a function of an Extraversion (E) × Psychoticism (P) interaction. This hypothesis was evaluated using data gathered from two research projects conducted in our lab, and published in this Journal. We further explored the trait of sensation seeking, given that both impulsivity and sensation seeking map onto the E × P plane. We did find such an E × P interaction for the GEFT score in Study 1, but only for a particular age group of young adults, and could replicate this finding in Study 2. This disordinal interaction indicates that both non-impulsive (E−P−) and high sensation-seeking (E+P+) participants could be characterized as being field independent (FI). We discuss these findings and their implications for our understanding of impulsivity ...

Dalam ilmu psikologi, kita sering berbicara mengenai persepsi. Persepsi adalah proses mengintepretasi yang dilakukan seseorang terhadap stimulus. Persepsi pada dasarnya mengarah pada tiga hal, yakni persepsi pada diri sendiri, persepsi pada orang lain, dan persepsi pada kelompok. Dalam pembahasan ini, saya akan membahas mengenai persepsi terhadap diri sendiri yang dikaji dari buku Pengantar Psikologi Sosial karangan Suryanto, Putra, Herdiana, dan Alfian (2012).

This article investigates a new hierarchical model of work effectiveness that integrates ability, personality and competency assessment models with overall measures of work effectiveness. A total of 308 participants rated their effectiveness on the Saville Consulting Wave® Performance 360 measure, and were also rated by an external rater. Results suggest an overarching Effectiveness factor that subdivides into Promoting Change, Demonstrating Capability and Working Together components.

Authors:

Rainer Kurz, Peter Saville and Rab MacIver

In an effort to carve a distinct place for social facts without lapsing into a holistic ontology, John Greenwood has sought to define social phenomena solely in terms of the attitudes held by the actor(s) in question. I argue that his proposal allows for the possibility of a “lone collectivity” that is (1) unpalatable in its own right and (2) incompatible with the claim that sociology is autonomous from psychology. As such, I conclude that the relevant beliefs need to be held by more than one person.

This is the very first of its kind reviewer material for the Psychometrician Licensure examination in the Philippines, raved as a 4-in-1 book consisting of reader-friendly and easily-digestible format of the subjects Abnormal Psychology, Industrial-organizational Psychology, Psychological Assessment, and Theories of Personality.

Presentation on the development of the Great 8 and the associated Team Role report.

Saville Consulting Wave ® Team Roles Report
Modelling Performance at Work
Performance is the results of Person * Environment Interaction
The ‘Great 8’ competencies provide a useful academic and practical
model for measuring role requirements, potential and performance
The Great 8 competencies group into the ‘Three Effectiveness Factors’
that underpin a General Work Effectiveness factor
Unit Weight ‘Great 8 Totals’ are parsimonious heuristics for researching
performance and potential at work – including leadership themes
In real world application competency constructs should be weighted
(using exclusively positive or 0 weights – no negatives) in accordance
with validity
Research on the structure of personality could benefit from unit weight
composites!

Team Roles Report • Developed as part of the Wave Research and
Development Programme.
• Individual team members and their purpose within
a team – likely contributions made towards an
effective team.
• Powered by Wave Styles - performance driven
assessments based on questions related to
workplace behaviours.
• Wave Focus Styles (13 mins) or Professional
Styles (40 mins).
• A dynamic dual format – both rating and ranking
responses.
• This helps to differentiate people across the various
roles.

Background: The study aimed to elucidate previously observed associations between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptomatology in university students. Relations between components of depressive symptomatology and morningness-eveningness were analysed.
Methods: Nine hundred and seventy-four university students completed Polish versions of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies – Depression scale (CES-D; Polish translation appended to this paper) and the Composite Scale of Morningness. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to test the structure of depressive symptoms. Pearson and partial correlations (with age and sex controlled), along with regression analyses with morning affect (MA) and circadian preference as predictors, were used.
Results: PCA revealed three components of depressive symptoms: depressed/somatic affect, positive affect, interpersonal relations. Greater MA was related to less depressive symptoms in three components. Morning circadian preference was related to less depressive symptoms in depressed/somatic and positive affects and unrelated to interpersonal relations. Both morningness-eveningness components exhibited stronger links with depressed/somatic and positive affects than with interpersonal relations. Three CES-D components exhibited stronger links with MA than with circadian preference. In regression analyses only MA was statistically significant for positive affect and better interpersonal relations, whereas more depressed/somatic affect was predicted by lower MA and morning circadian preference (relationship reversed compared to correlations).
Limitations: Self-report assessment.
Conclusions: There are three groups of depressive symptoms in Polish university students. Associations of MA with depressed/somatic and positive affects are primarily responsible for the observed links between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in university students. People with evening circadian preference whose MA is not lowered have less depressed/somatic affect.

The survey data measure the tendencies of cognitive self-control and deviant act behavior as a component to identify the personality factors as predictors of criminal behavior. It studies the impact of personality against the extended psychological factors which help in the predisposition of youth towards such behavior. Participants in the study were 130 Indian college-going students in the age group of 18-27 yrs. The correlation analysis has revealed that four out of five personality domains have shown a clear negative correlation towards the dimensions of deviant acts and cognitive abilities. But the dimensions measured against the factors risk-seeking, impulsivity, and physical activity have shown a clear positive relation. The regression analysis has confirmed that the domains Neuroticism and Agreeableness have accounted for 25.4% of the variance in predicting the cognition controls to criminal behavior and 3.6% of the variance in predicting the deviant act behaviors. These findings then extend to understand the concepts associating between personality and self-control and behavioral measures as indicators of criminal behavior.

Locke endorses a distinction between passive reflection and voluntary attentive reflection, which he occasionally labels contemplation. Failure to recognize this distinction properly has had an effect on interpretations of Locke’s theory of reflection, and caused puzzlement about the relation between reflection and consciousness. In particular, the function of reflection as a passive internal sense that produces simple ideas of mental operations has been downplayed in favour of the view that reflection in one manner or another involves attention and/or presupposes consciousness of mental operations. This has led a number of scholars to maintain, implicitly or explicitly, that Locke in fact abandons either his doctrine of sensation and reflection as the two exclusive sources of ideas or his doctrine of ideas as the only immediate objects of experience.

With the help of a distinction between reflection as a source of ideas and reflection as an operation about ideas I aim to show how Locke can hold to his empiricist maxim about the two sources of ideas and also endorse ideas as the only immediate objects of experience. A proper understanding of Locke’s theory of reflection requires that reflection and consciousness be delineated with respect to one another. I will show how Locke’s notion of consciousness differs from both types of reflection.

In his hierarchical model of personality, Eysenck tried to reduce psychological concepts and generalizations to neurophysiological ones. This indicates that people’s psychological features are, mechanically, explainable in terms of their neurophysiological characteristics. It is argued that, in his factor and explanatory style, Eysenck committed assumptions which derived from his deterministic view. It is argued, further, that these theoretical commitments, namely atomism, static view, and reductionism are not significant in personality psychology. Furthermore, Eysenck’s reductive manner led to his levels of explanations to be incoherent. It is explained that this incoherence is due to logical gaps between a common sense psychology and a neurophysiological orientation. This article concludes that, in order to be a paradigm for personality psychology, Eysenck’s theory needs to face and overcome these theoretical problems.

This is the very first of its kind reviewer material for the Psychometrician Licensure examination in the Philippines, raved as a 4-in-1 book consisting of 1,200 questions with answers and rationalizations, with 300 item each board subject namely Abnormal Psychology, Industrial-organizational Psychology, Psychological Assessment, and Theories of Personality. It also comes with some bonus to give a total review experience.

Die Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Deutsch (FMPS-D; Stöber, 1995) ist die deutsche Version der Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale von Frost, Marten, Lahart und Rosenblate
(1990) und erfasst Perfektionismus entlang der von Frost et al. (1990) vorgeschlagenen sechs Dimensionen: Sorge über Fehler (engl.: Concern over Mistakes, CM), Handlungszweifel (Doubts about Actions, D), Elterliche Erwartungen (Parental Expectations, PE), Elterliche Kritik (Parental Criticism, PC), Persönliche Ansprüche (Personal Standards, PS) und Organisation (Organization, O).

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) is a widely-used instrument to measure the two components of social desirability: self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM). With respect to scoring of the BIDR, Paulhus (1994) has authorized two methods, namely continuous scoring (all answers on the continuous answer scale are counted) and dichotomous scoring (only extreme answers are counted). In the present article, three studies with student samples are reported, and continuous and dichotomous scoring of BIDR subscales are compared with respect to reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to instructional variations, and correlations with personality. Across studies, the scores from continuous scoring (continuous scores) showed higher Cronbach's alphas than those from dichotomous scoring (dichotomous scores). Moreover, continuous scores showed higher convergent correlations with other measures of social desirability and more consistent effects with self-presentation instructions (fake-good versus fake-bad instructions). Finally, continuous SDE scores showed higher correlations with those traits of the five-factor model for which substantial correlations were expected (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness). Consequently, the present findings indicate that continuous scoring may be preferable to dichotomous scoring when assessing socially desirable responding with the BIDR.

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners to the appropriate use of measures of unethical behaviour, evaluate the use of integrity-related assessments for use in personnel selection, and determine the validity of the moral competency index (MCI) instrument using standard validation procedures. Design/methodology/approach–Content, construct, convergent and discriminant approaches are applied to establish the relative validity of the assessment tool.

Abstract: This study explores the leadership actions-oriented behavior of school principals in Finland. Actions-orientated behavior
enables the leader to appropriately articulate relations and task orientation to meet the immediate contextual demands and
to accommodate followership toward change and development. The leadership actions-orientated behavior of Finnish school
principals were studied in three schools. In-depth interviews with school actors (principals, vice principals, teachers, special
educators, and nonteaching staff) were conducted to triangulate the analyzed data. It was found that leadership actions-oriented
behavior enabled school leaders to articulate appropriate behavioral patterns to generate motivation and commitment. The
results suggest that actions orientations toward high-on relations enabled leaders to achieve leadership success, while actions
orientations toward high-on task enabled leadership effectiveness. Actions-oriented behavior toward high-on task enables
leadership flexibility with greater leadership elasticity. The results suggest that school actors anticipated a relational approach,
whose actions orientations were high-on task. The results also suggest that relations-oriented behavior is rationally applied by
school leaders who have remained in the organization for a longer time to strengthen the systematic approach. It was found
that leaders’ actions orientation with high-on task were more effective, while leadership actions orientation with high-on
relations generated social harmony. The results suggest that leadership actions-oriented behavioral flexibility and mobility can
be maintained by articulating high relations to low relations and high task to low task, not necessarily from task to relations or
relations to task alone. In doing so, a leader’s personality is prevented from distortions and behavior dysfunction.

Keywords: leadership behavior, actions-oriented behavior, relations-oriented behavior, task-oriented behavior, contextual variation,
leader’s case study, behavioral articulation, Finland, Skills, Ability, Competences and Intelligence (SACI)

This paper serves to discuss the biological, psychological, and social factors which may contribute to an individual’s propensity for violent criminal behavior. To do this, the history and definitions needed to understand Biopsychosocial theory and violence as a construct are laid out. The psychological factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include psychopathy and other aspects of personality theory. The biological factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include brain differences in structure, gray matter, and function, as well as sex, and trauma/incidents affecting the brain which may cause personality/behavioral changes. The social factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include early childhood family relationships/interactions, early attachment injuries, misogyny, and socialization differences between men and women. The paper concludes with an analysis of the data presented and short discussion surrounding how this information can be used and implemented by potential victims and family members to prevent future crime.

Background: Parents play an important role in shaping children’s emotional, behavioral and mental health, particularly during the early years of childhood. Authoritative parenting style has been consistently associated with optimal long-term development of children, whereas, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are associated with a variety of psychopathology in children. Parent’s personality is an important determinant of parenting. However, empirical research studies on association between parental personality and parenting styles are scattered, and little is known about the link between the two.

Objective: This paper attempted to summarize available studies that have examined the links between parental personality and parenting style.

Method: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. To identify studies for the present review, a search was conducted in bibliographic databases using the keywords ‘parenting style’ and ‘parent personality’. PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist was used in reporting findings.

Results: The search identified 20 empirical studies that examined the association between parent personality and parenting styles. Overall, there was evidence to associate authoritative parenting positively with personality traits such as higher extraversion, openness and agreeableness, and moderate conscientiousness. Authoritarian and permissive parenting style were associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, openness, and agreeableness, and very high conscientiousness.

Conclusion: Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Fischer's (1980) Dynamic Skill Theory provides an example of an integrative model of psychological development.  Elaborated over the course of 40 years, skill theory evolved from a neo-Piagetian model of the development of action and though to an integrative model of how biological, psychological and socio-cultural processes interact to foster the development of integrative structures of thinking, feeling and action over time.  This paper elaborates the fundamental tenets of dynamic skill theory as it developed over time and as it has been applied to the study of multiple modes of human functioning.

Peirce's account of the Self shows some of the main critics to the classical, cartesian, substantial conception. Peirce's conception of the Self is social and historical, it rejects any form of intuition and is based on a fallibilist epistemology. Following the stages of the development of the Self, Peirce shows that it emerges as a subject of error, and therefore it can exist only in a social context, in a linguistic community.

Psychoanalytic Social Theory is built on the assumption that social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping personality. People who do not have their needs for love and affection satisfied during childhood develop basic hostility toward their parents and, as a consequence, suffer from basic anxiety. Horney theorized that people combat basic anxiety by adopting one of three fundamental styles of relating to others. moving toward people moving against people moving away from people Most normal people use any of these modes of relating to people but neurotics are compelled to rigidly rely on only one. Neurotic's compulsive behavior generates a basic intrapsychic conflict that may take the form of either and idealized self image or self hatred. The idealized self image is expressed as: o Neurotic search for glory o Neurotic claims o Neurotic pride Self hatred is expressed as either o Self contempt o Alienation from self Most of Horney's writings are concerned with the neurotic personality but can be applied to the normal personality. Horney also had ideas about feminine psychology and the application of psychotherapy.

Abstrak: Identitas diri merupakan suatu hal yang sangat fundamental dalam diri individu dan seringkali mengalami krisis dalam pembentukannya. Identitas dapat dibentuk dan dipengaruhi oleh budaya yang melekat dalam diri seseorang, kelompok, atau organisasi. Saat ini, informasi dari berbagai budaya dapat dengan mudah terserap dan mempengaruhi pembentukan identitas diri. Salah satunya adalah fenomena "Korean Wave (Hallyu)", yaitu suatu fenomena dari pesatnya perkembangan budaya Korea. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat bagaimana pembentukan identitas diri individu penggemar KPOP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja penggemar KPOP berusia 12-21 tahun, yang memiliki bias atau idola KPOP secara spesifik, pernah membeli barang-barang yang berkaitan dengan KPOP dan mengikuti perkembangan dunia KPOP. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembentukan identitas diri dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan sosial, kelompok acuan dan tokoh idola. Pembentukan ini didasari oleh aspek eksplorasi terhadap kpop dan komitmen dari identitasnya sebagai kpopers. Dalam proses pembentukannya seluruh subjek telah mencapai tahap identifikasi, meski sebelumnya seorang subjek mengalami tahap krisis identitas dan seorang lainnya mengalami tahap difusi. Hasil menunjukkan motivasi yang menyebabkan perubahan identitasnya menjadi seorang kpopers dan perubahan motivasi hidup adalah motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh berdasarkan penelitian ini, adalah bahwa secara umum seluruh subjek kpopers telah sampai pada status identitas achievement.

While it would appear at first blush that Buddhism and Western Psychology speak different languages, beginning with the ideas of ego and non-self, it also can be argued that Buddhism encompasses important components of nearly all Western theories of personality, and that the development of Western psychology is trending rather quickly toward a Buddhist model. That is, beginning with social construct theory and continuing today with cognitive behavioral approaches, Western Psychology is starting down the same path revealed by the Guatama Buddha 2,525 years ago concerning how the mind misperceives reality, and how the resulting unsatisfactory mental states can be eliminated by "re-wiring" mental pathways and substituting healthy new mind habits for unhealthy mind habits. Introducing a comprehensive Buddhist meta-theory and (Westernized) model of personality, complete with taxonomy, assessment methods, motivational dynamics, and fundamentally sound therapeutic applications, one that is premised on the more analytic (relative to other northern Buddhist schools, such as Zen), developed (relative to southern schools, such as Theravada), and comprehensive system of mind training peculiar to Tibetan Buddhism, could serve as a catalyst for quantum advances in Western psychology, and can even serve as a proper foundation for a unified theory of personality.

The first person to propose a comprehensive theory of the human personality was Sig- mund Freud, a 19th-century clinical neurologist who formulated his ideas while treating patients in Vienna, Austria. His work, called psychoanalysis, was based largely on ses- sions with wealthy White European women who came to him complaining of emotional distress and disturbing thoughts and behaviors. From his observations of their progress, or lack of it, he offered a theory to explain everyone’s personality. Freud’s system was important for the concepts he proposed—many of which are now part of popular culture—as well as for the opposition he provoked, inspiring other theorists to examine and promote their own ideas to explain personality.
Today, personality theorists and researchers recognize that an explanation based on a small, homogeneous segment of the population cannot be applied to the diverse groups of people sharing space in our world. The situation is similar in medicine. Medical researchers recognize, for example, that some medications and treatments appropriate for young adults are not suitable for children or elderly people. Diseases prevalent in certain ethnic groups are rare in others, requiring differences in medical screening and testing for diverse populations. Contemporary personality theory strives to be inclusive, studying the influences of age, gender, race, ethnic origin, religious beliefs, sexual orien- tation, and child-rearing practices. We see examples of this diversity throughout the text.

With regard to the dynamics of human experience and behavior, Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy relies mainly on Kurt Lewin’s dynamic field theory of personality. This is done including a re-interpretation of Lewin’s theory in some aspects on the basis of critical realism. Human experience and behavior are understood as functions of the person and the environment (including the other individuals therein) in a psychic field (life space) which encompasses both of these mutually dependent factors. The anthropological model of this approach is, hence, not monopersonal but, a priori, structural and relational in nature. It does not one-sidedly focus on the ‘inner components’ of a person, but on the interrelation of the individual and a given environment, which affects experience as well as behavior. After a brief introduction into these basic concepts this lecture will focus especially on Lewin’s concept of tension-systems, which may be considered as the Gestalt theoretical counterpart of Freud’s drive theory and defining basic assumptions in Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy how the person moves through her/his life experience.

Vocation, which is one of the factors affecting personality, takes a large part of life according to the working conditions of today. The life of an individual is shaped according to the vocation he/she prefers. Due to the different aims and qualifications of the vocations, the expectations of the employees vary. Employees with different personality traits reflect these characteristics to the vocation. Therefore, an interaction occurs between the vocation and the employee.
The aim of this study is to determine the reflections of the vocation on personality traits and to conceptualize them by defining the reasons of these reflections. The study was conducted with Grounded Theory, one of the qualitative research techniques. Within the scope of the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with semi-structured interview form that was formed after the pilot interviews, with a total of 25 participants, including 9 intensive care nurses, 9 primary school teachers and 7 soldiers. The recordings of the interviews recorded with the voice recorder were decoded and documented. In accordance with the requirements of Grounded Theory, the data were coded, analyzed and interpreted with the observations of the researcher.
As a result of the study, it was seen that those performing the vocations included in the scope of the study, showed changes depending on their vocations and had different reflections of the vocation on the personality traits. It was ascertained that vocation had such reflections on primary school teachers as; fair, prescriptive, neat, egalitarian, childlike, affectionate and resentful, as for soldiers it had reflections as; disciplined, self-confident, distanced, clear and proud. On the other hand, it was seen that, intensive care nurses, have gained a rational point of view, but they have also gained practical, self-sacrificing, meticulous, cold-blooded and solution-oriented features. The phenomenon, which is thought to be at the basis of the reasons of change performing the vocations in the scope of the research, is conceptualized as the “Vocation Member Exchange.”