Table Tennis

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of variability of attentional focus distance by self-talk on the learning of table tennis backhand. Methods: Therefore, 80 high school girls by mean age 16(+-0/62) yr. were randomly selected from sport school of Sanandaj and assigned to 5 groups. After pretest, the participants performed 180 forehand strokes during 6 sessions with repeating the words *slightly rotation* in the internal focus group *slightly open* in the near external focus group, *over the net* in the far external focus group, and each of the words *slightly rotation, slightly open, and over the net* respectively in each 2 sessions in the increasing distance of attentional focus group. Control group performed without self-talk during acquisition phase. Retention test was performed 48 hours after acquisition test in the same situation without self-talk, and after half an hour break, transfer test was done by changing the direction of target (parallel...

The aims of this study were to examine: (a) whether coach leadership behaviours predict athletes’ use of coping and (b) whether coping predicts athletes’ emotional outcomes in competition. A sample of 180 table tennis players (Mage= 33.87; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial least square path modelling (PLSPM) approach was used to examine the relationships between the study variable. The results showed that: (a) coach democratic behaviour was significantly related to task-oriented coping; (b) task-oriented coping was significantly related to excitement and happiness; (c) distraction-oriented coping was significantly related to anxiety, dejection and anger. As a whole, PLS-PM results suggested that coach democratic behaviour could be the better style in relationship with positive coping and emotion outcomes in table tennis players.

Se analiza la relación de características del patrón de conducta tipo A propuesta por los cardiólogos norteamericanos Rosenman y Friedman (1988) y el desempeño deportivo tomado como resultados deportivos en torneos estatales, regionales y nacionales de tenis de mesa. La muestra está formada por 7 deportistas de entre 10-16 años de edad, todos miembros del Selectivo Estatal Guanajuatense de tenis de mesa que participó en el proceso de Olimpiada Nacional 2010. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios TOFU y EXIR, el test de estimación de tiempo de Benton y la entrevista estructurada de Rosenman (versión modificada) para evaluar el patrón de conducta tipo A. Se encontró, en 6 deportistas, relación positiva entre desempeño deportivo y características del patrón de conducta tipo A, la evaluación realizada podría correlacionarse con mediciones longitudinales y evaluar el fortalecimiento de la conducta tipo A en los evaluados al paso del tiempo.

• Relatively young sport, younger than lawn tennis and not much older than basketball. • Indoor Tennis was played in the early 1880s by British Army officer in India and South Africa using lids from cigar boxes as paddles and rounded cork from wine bottles as balls with row of books set up across the middle of a table to form the net.

The aim of the paper is to investigate ping-pong diplomacy between the Unites States and China, which was used by both countries as a diplomatic tool, aimed at achieving political rapprochement despite ideological dissonance and conflict over Taiwan. Both governments were seeking a way to establish closer relations but the circumstances prevented them from traditional diplomatic contacts. Sports exchange proved to be a convenient solution. In the paper the Author attempts to verify a hypothesis on a subsequent legacy of the ping-pong diplomacy in American foreign policy. The study allowed to determine reasons for the need to employ sport in order to establish closer relations between two hostile actors of international relations. It is an attempt to answer a question concerning the intentional or coincidental character of the analysed sports exchange. The paper is an empirical case study on one of the prime examples of positive sports diplomacy and was conducted with the use of decision-making.

The study was under taken with the purpose of comparing selected physical fitness variables in Table Tennis Players and Badminton Players. The variables selected were Agility and Flexibility. 60 male school students were selected as subjects aging 14 year to 16 year (15.17 ± 0.51) who were actively involved in their respective games. Among these 30 belonged to Badminton game and rest 30 belonged to Table Tennis game. Descriptive Statistics and Independent ‘t’ test were employed using IBM SPSS-17 Software. Findings suggest that the players belonging to Badminton game were superior in both Agility and Flexibility in comparison to the players belonging to TableTennis game.

Keywords: Agility, Flexibility, School Students, Badminton Players, Table Tennis Players

In this paper, we have designed a Smart Ping Pong Robot. Here we are using this robot specifically for table tennis application, where the player will able to play or practice without any opponent. This Robot automatically throws the ball where the player can play against the Robot. In our design we have used a power supply to energize the actuator or crank shaft piston. The power supply (230V AC) is converted to 12 volt DC. The electrical energy is converted into mechanical action of the crank shaft piston. This piston is used to push the ball, which is fed from the basket to the end effector (Ball delivery). The ball at the end effector is pushed outward by the wheel that is rotating at the speed of 1000 rpm. A DC wiper motor is fixed at the bottom of the disc when that motor is energized; the disc is rotated to an angle of 45 degree left and to an angle of 45 degree right. So that the ball will be delivered in Forehand and Forehand middle directions. This robot also gives Top spin, Side spin and Reverse spin of the ball. Our Project design has a single degree of freedom that has a rotatory action to delivery balls at different directions. Thus, our robot plays a positive role in the robot table tennis development.

The study was under taken with the purpose of comparing selected physical fitness variables in Table Tennis Players and Badminton Players. The variables selected were Explosive Strength and Abdominal Strength. Sixty male school students were selected as subjects aging 14 year to 16 year (15.17 ± 0.51) who were actively involved in their respective games. Among these 30 belonged to Badminton game and rest 30 belonged to Table Tennis game. Descriptive Statistics and Independent 't' test were employed using IBM SPSS-17 Software. Findings suggest that the players belonging to Badminton game were superior in both Explosive Strength and Abdominal Strength in comparison to the players belonging to Table Tennis game.
Keywords: Explosive Strength, Abdominal Strength, School Students, Badminton Players, Table Tennis Players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mental toughness on the performance score of table tennis players. To work on this purpose a total of 24 table tennis players (male and female) were selected as the subjects purposively. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire developed by Goldberg (1995) was used to measure the level of mental toughness of the players. ANOVA and independent t-test was computed to find out the significant relationship. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The results indicate that- there is significant relationship exists for the handling pressure a sub-category of mental toughness among table tennis female and male players, further it was found that there is no significant difference exists between table tennis female and male players in the variables of concentration, mental rebounding, and winning attitude and/or other sub-categories of mental toughness. The comparison between female and male in this study has not shown any significant difference but as a means, the male players have greater mental toughness than their counterpart.

The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in anger levels depending on sport performance in table tennis players. The sample consisted of 93 Spanish table tennis players, 20 players were professionals (21.50%) and 73 were amateur (78.49%). An ad hoc Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Trait-State Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI 2), were used to measure the different variables. The results showed significant differences in external anger expression (p<.05), depending on league level where the players who took part in greater leagues showed lower levels of anger. Additionally, internal anger control (p<.05) and anger expression index (p<.05) reported significant differences depending on league level where the players who took part in greater leagues showed greater levels. It was concluded that there are differences in anger levels depending on division level. Therefore, it is important to coach players towards anger control in table tennis.

This study aims to examine the Turkish Table Tennis Super League elite players' general self-efficacy perceptions and motivation sources. The sample of research consist of 66 male (69,5%) and 29 female (30,5%) participants who are participated voluntarily among national players at the Turkish Table Tennis Super League in 2019. In the research, the "Sports Motivation Scale" and "General Self-Efficacy Scale" are applied as a data gathering instruments in the research. The relations between variables are tested with factor analysis, correlation analysis and SEM Partial Least Squares. The results of this study have shown that sub-dimensions of intrinsic (β: 0,321, p<0,05), introjected (β: 0,314, p<0,05), integrated (β: 0,271, p<0,05) and identified (β: 0,327, p<0,05) have a positive and significant effects on self-efficacy. On the other hand, amotivated (β:-0,230, p<0,05) sub-dimension has a negative effect on self-efficacy. Moreover, the findings do not support the existence of a statistically significant relationship between general self-efficacy and external (β:0,504, p<0,05) which is one of the sport motivation sub-dimension. In conclusion, these findings show that the belief of self-efficacy as players' motivation and performance increases. It is important that trainers and club managers know ways to increase the general self-efficacy perceptions of players. Trainers can increase their general self-efficacy beliefs thanks to teaching them enriched with new training techniques, psychological support and creating effective learning environments. Öz: Bu çalışma, Türkiye Masa Tenisi Süper Ligi elit sporcularının genel öz yeterlik algılarını ve motivasyon kaynaklarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2019 yılında Türkiye Masa Tenisi Süper Ligi'ndeki elit sporcular arasından rastgele seçilen 66'sı erkek (%69,5'i) ve 29'u kadın (%30,5) katılımcı oluşturmuştur. "Spor Motivasyon Ölçeği" ve "Genel Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği" araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve SEM Kısmi En Küçük Kareler ile test edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, içsel (β: 0,321, p<0,05), özümseme (β: 0,314, p<0,05), özdeşim (β: 0,271, p<0,05) ve içe atım (β: 0,327, p<0,05) alt boyutların öz yeterlilik üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan, güdülenememe (β:-0,230, p<0,05) alt boyutunun öz yeterlik üzerinde olumsuz etkisi vardır. Ayrıca, bulgular, genel öz yeterlik ile spor motivasyonu alt boyutlarından biri olan dışsallık (β:0,504, p<0,05) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin varlığını desteklememektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu bulgular oyuncuların motivasyonu ve performansı arttıkça öz yeterlik inancının da arttığını göstermektedir. Öz yeterlilik, oyuncuların motivasyonu ve performansı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Antrenörlerin ve kulüp yöneticilerinin oyuncuların genel öz-yeterlik algılarını artırmanın yollarını bilmesi önemlidir. Antrenörler, yeni eğitim teknikleriyle, psikolojik destekle ve etkili öğrenme ortamları yaratmayla zenginleştirildikleri için genel öz yeterlik inançlarını arttırabilirler. Anahtar Kelimeler: Masa Tenisi, öz yeterlik algısı, spor motivasyonu

Examiner: Do you enjoy using technology? Stephan: Well … I wouldn't call myself a techie or a computer buff but I enjoy using computers … I'd like to find out more about how they work … when my computer crashes I never know what to do. • a computer buff: an expert computer user • a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology • to crash: to suddenly stop working Examiner: Do you use the Internet for your studies? Sophie: Yes … I'd be lost without it … I do lots of video conferencing to practise speaking and social media like Facebook is a good way to meet up with other students … and I download podcasts that teach English vocabulary and grammar. • video conferencing: to see and hear people from different locations using the Internet • social media: media used to interact with other people such as Facebook or Twitter • download (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet to your own device Examiner: Do you have your own computer? Tania: Yes … I have a Macbook Pro … I use it all the time … for word processing … browsing websites and catching up with TV programmes I've missed. • word processing; producing written texts on a computer • to browse websites: to look at websites Part 2-style task Describe an item of technology you have that is very important. You should say: • what the technology is • when you got it • how often you use it and say how different your daily life would be without it. Mattie: I don't have many gadgets … just a computer … a laptop and my mobile phone … but I'll talk about my computer as it's so useful … it's funny really … 2 years ago I was still learning to use computers … how to use email … send attachments how to access websites … then I decided to do a digital editing course for video and photography … and so I bought the laptop when I started the course … my husband had a desktop PC but it was very slow so I decided to upgrade to a powerful one because we do a lot of video editing on the course … it's a high-Oct 2014 Collected by A&B Source: http://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-vocabulary/

The aim of this research was to analyse burnout (estimated by emotional and physical exhaustion) and coping (as estimated by the need to seek support) in relation to the number of sport-practice-hours undertaken by table tennis players of various levels of success. A sample of 180 Spanish table tennis players (mean age = 33.87 years; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study and filled out a series of self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that there was a significant difference among table tennis players on emotional and physical exhaustion (p &lt; 0.01) with players who practiced more than ten hours reporting higher levels of emotional and physical exhaustion.  There was a  significant difference in coping behaviour (p &lt; 0.01)   with players who practiced more than 10 hours reporting the greatest need. Finally, players who played at a higher level (nationally or internationally) had a greater number of  hours of training. It is concluded ...

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between problem solving skills and ego states of table tennis athletes in Turkish super league in terms of some variables. Population consists of athletes in Turkish Table Tennis Federation Super League during the 2018-2019 season (n = 70). Total population sampling method was used since all athletes were available and number of athletes was limited. “Ego States Scale” was used to find out ego states, “Problem Solving Inventory” was used to find out problem solving skills and “Personal Information Form” was used for demographic and sporting information. Differences between total scores of athletes’ ego states (Critical Parent (CP), Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC) and Adapted Child (AC)) according variables of educational status, gender and being a national team athlete were analysed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. Correlation between athletes’ problem solving skills and ego states was analysed with Pearson correlation coefficient. A and FC ego states of athletes were found to be positively correlated with Impulsive Style (IS) and Avoidant Style (AS) sub-dimensions. This can be an effect of table tennis sport on athletes. However, it should be emphasized that it is an indicator of a negative situation in terms of theoretical basis.

The application of technology in the world of sports is able to support athletes’ efforts from an early age, so that achievements of athletes can be improved faster, and it will be more efficient. The aim of this research is to design a digital-based instrument of forehand service ball placement accuracy for table tennis. The traditional instrument of ball placement accuracy has several weaknesses, so athletes and coaches find it dif icult to observe the accuracy of the ball carefully, and are impractical. This was a Research and Development (R&D) study which adopting 7 steps, namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) information collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) design improvements; (6) product testing, and (7) product revision. The product produced is a digital-based instrument of ball placement accuracy for table tennis by using an electrical circuit automatically arranged when the ball touches the instrument, producing an output data in the form of an automatic count in accordance with the number of balls that touch the tool. Results of output data will be displayed on the LCD display, so that users can immediately record the data when the ball touches the accuracy instrument.

Resumen: El presente trabajo logró cumplir con su objetivo general sobre mejorar la técnica de tenis de mesa del club BTY PERÚ-TRUJILLO al implementar «SporTTec», habiendo estudiado el movimiento TopSpin de 5 tenimesistas para las pruebas de Pre y Post TEST (investigación pre-experimental) en 1 mes por cada fase, se tomaron como población y muestra (24 en total) a los promedios de evaluaciones semanales y a los promedios de temperaturas corporales de 3 intercalados días a la semana, los cuales fueron obtenidos mediante fichas de recolección de datos; se usaron 3 pruebas paramétricas (T de Student) y 1 no paramétrica (Mc Nemar) de muestras relacionadas / estudio longitudinal (dos medidas) tras aplicar pruebas de normalidad de datos. «SporTTec» fue construido con la placa Arduino UNO, a la cual se le instalaron un sensor de temperatura y un módulo giroscopio adaptados (con costuras) a dos accesorios deportivos; se utilizó "Modelo en V" como método de desarrollo debido al uso principal de hardware; finalmente, los datos en tiempo real son mostrados en el "Monitor Serie" que brinda el software de arduino. Los resultados se muestran favorables al haber mejorado el giro de cintura (+13.82% y +29.90%) y la inclinación del tren superior (+51.54%), así como al haber disminuido la probabilidad de lesiones (-58.33%). Descriptores: sistema inteligente, técnica topspin, arduino, giroscopio, temperatura.

Abstract: This study achieved its main objective, which was to improve the technique in table-tennis at the BTY PERU-TRUJILLO club with the use of «SporTTec». After studying the TopSpin technique of 5 table-tennis players for pre and post-testing (pre-experimental research) of one month for each phase, the average results of weekly evaluations and average body temperatures for three alternate days a week were taken as samples (24 total). Said results were obtained through data collection forms. The tests used consisted of 3 parametric tests (Student's t-test) and a non-parametric (Mc Nemar) of paired-samples / longitudinal study (two measures) after applying data normality tests. «SporTTec» was built with the Arduino UNO board, to which a temperature sensor and gyroscope module were installed, adapted (with seams) to two accessories. "V Model" was used as the development method, given the primary hardware use. Finally, real-time data is shown in the "Monitor Series" which is provided by the Arduino software. Results were positive, since they improved hip-torque (+13.82% and +29.90%) and upper-body inclination (+ 51.54%) as well as decreasing the likelihood of injury (-58.33%). Keywords: intelligent system, topspin technique, Arduino, gyroscope, temperature.

Larger equality of the matches in sport contests could hypothetical motivate the players and teams to play with greater pleasure, and to maintain that level of motivation for achievement that they can provide or maintain the progress achieved levels of achievement in a particular sport. What is the number of points scored (or other indicators of the success) at defeated teams, they are more uncertain. Coefficient of uncertainty of the competition, which proposes Bućo, is an attempt to define the uncertainty of the matches in certain competition. Based on the coefficient of uncertainty, could be proposed corrections competitive system, in terms of faster acceleration of the more successful teams in certain levels of competition. However, it should take account of the alert in making decisions on the basis of the coefficient of uncertainty, since it previously should be validated by the comparative studies, and longitudinal research of the accelerated and decelerated teams in league competitions must be performed.

This paper discusses the use of simulated robots in a virtual table tennis environment. Specifically, the use of a two-segment arm for the control of a bat and the possibilities of using vision as a human-computer interface are investigated. The motivation of this work is to provide a tool to test robot controllers in a challenging environment to perform non-repetitive tasks. The benefits of such research include the development of controllers that are able to operate in nonordered, unpredictable environments, eg ...

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron comprobar la relación entre el locus de control y el rendimiento deportivo, y conocer la relación entre el locus de control y las variables de ira. La muestra de la investigación se compuso de 58 jugadores federados de tenis de mesa de toda la geografía española. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, la Escala de Locus de Control (ELC) y el Inventario de Expresión de la Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2). Los resultados revelaron que no había diferencias de medias en los niveles de locus de control externo en función de la división de juego y del tipo de práctica deportiva (profesionales vs amateurs). Por otro lado, se confirmó la relación entre el locus de control externo y la expresión externa de la ira, encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la expresión externa de la ira y los grupos de locus de control externo alto y bajo. Finalmente, se concluyó que el nivel de rendimiento deportivo no interfería en los niveles de locus de control y, por otro lado, se confirma la relación del locus de control externo en la expresión externa de la ira de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Por lo tanto, el locus de control interno se
muestra como una variable protectora importante para intervenir con jugadores y entrenadores.

The purpose of this study was to investigate certain psychological skills of Greek table tennis athletes. The sample consisted of 152 athletes from all over Greece (108 men, 44 women). For the assessment of their psychological skills, the ACSI-28 questionnaire, adapted for the Greek public by Goudas, Theodorakis and Antoniou (1996) was used. The sample was divided by sex, age, and weekly training session. All sub-scales of the questionnaire had internal consistency, with Crompach's alpha ranging from .68 to .82. Analysis of variance showed that, with regard to “Coping with Adversity”, girls had higher scores than boys. Results also indicated that "Weekly Practice-time" had a significant effect on the factors of "Goal Setting" and "Confidence”. The results showed that ASCI-28 is a reliable tool for recording the psychometric properties of Greek table tennis athletes.

Post WWII Nigeria saw the proliferation of sporting leagues, sporting clubs, and sporting infrastructure. While a lot of work has been done on the growth of sports like football and boxing in terms of nationalism and masculinity, little work has been done on the creation of Boys' Clubs and one of the clubs most entertaining and popular urban pastimes: ping pong (or table tennis). Football and boxing were undoubtedly the colony's most popular sports of the era. Both were considered necessary for youth growing up in the city to teach values of hard work, discipline, health living, teamwork, and character. In other words, mastery of sport in the growing urban landscape of Lagos was necessary to become not only becoming productive citizens, but also gentlemen. With the creation of Boys' Clubs in Nigeria in the late 1940s, boxing and football were central to the clubs' activities to craft men through the creation of leagues, competitions, championships, trophies, and camaraderie. Yet, ping pong also became such a sport in Nigeria. Moreover, unlike football and boxing, ping pong became a site of confrontation between Nigerian elders and youth over conceptions of manhood. For elders, ping pong did not encourage " the manly attitude " , " self-control " nor " social graces " that other sports like boxing and football provided. This chapter will look at the history of ping pong in the colony by tracing its growth with the growth of Boys' Clubs, the ethos of sport in Nigeria after WWII, and how youth in the city used ping pong as an alternative to " muscular citizenship " espoused by Nigerian elders and elites.

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las prácticas educativas parentales necesarias para un correcto desarrollo de la carrera deportiva de los jóvenes jugadores y esclarecer el papel de los padres en el tenis de mesa. Para ello se analizaron las prácticas educativas parentales y su implicación con la práctica de tenis de mesa. El análisis teórico de la literatura científica sustrajo que los hijos de padres democráticos presentan el mejor ajuste psicológico para la práctica de tenis de mesa, los hijos de padres permisivos muestran mal ajuste psicológico pero buena motivación y más horas de práctica, y los jugadores que son hijos de padres autoritarios presentan el peor ajuste psicológico para la práctica del tenis de mesa. Finalmente, los padres deben de manifestar apoyo, nunca deben de ser un factor más de presión y en sus inicios no deben de sacar el deporte del contexto de una actividad educativa, de disfrute y de desarrollo personal a nivel social, físico y psicológico.

Objectives: Little is known about salivary steroid hormone responses to dyadic competition among prepubescent boys. The current study explored pre-match and post-match testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and cortisol among 22 ethnically Chinese, Hong Kongese table tennis athletes, aged 8-11 years, during dyadic competition against peers. These data provide novel comparative insight into boys' hormone responses when participating in similar forms of competition to that of adults. Methods: Measures of salivary steroid hormones, age, outcome, and participant's self-reported perceived performance were obtained. Pre-match salivary steroid hormones and competition-induced steroid hormone changes were explored to further assess overall hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Results: Cortisol decreased for most participants, whereas testosterone measures were below the sensitivity of the assay. DHEA and androstenedione did not significantly change during the table tennis exhibitions and were unrelated to independent performance variables. Correlational analyses indicated that competition-induced androstenedione and cortisol change were positively related. Conclusions: Findings show that juvenile boys' steroid hormone responses during dyadic athletic competition differ in comparison to adult males, in whom cortisol and testosterone tend to rise. Lack of significant DHEA and androstenedione change during the table tennis competition differs from our previous work that showed DHEA and androstenedione were sensitive to more physically taxing forms of athletic competition (eg, soccer). These results are discussed in light of potential factors that may have contributed to these differences.

O Tênis de Mesa e o Ping-Pong são dois semelhantes jogos de mesa, cujas diferenças
foram determinadas no transcorrer histórico destas práticas. Qual a relação entre a prática do
Tênis de Mesa e o Ping-Pong em Porto Alegre nas décadas de 1940 e 1950? Por meio da revisão
bibliográfica e análise documental de fontes impressas evidenciou-se que em 1900 surge a marca
Ping Pong através do registro de patente de um jogo, cujo nome espalha-se por diversos países,
chegando ao Brasil e ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul por intermédio de imigrantes europeus. Em
Porto Alegre, houve a difusão da prática do Ping Pong nos clubes a partir da década de 1940, no
mesmo período que o Tênis de Mesa. Contudo, o Ping-Pong era jogado com regras diferenciadas
das do Tênis de Mesa.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron comprobar la relación entre el locus de control y el rendimiento deportivo, y conocer la relación entre el locus de control y las variables de ira. La muestra de la investigación se compuso de 58 jugadores federados de tenis de mesa de toda la geografía española. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, la Escala de Locus de Control (ELC) y el Inventario de Expresión de la Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2). Los resultados revelaron que no había diferencias de medias en los niveles de locus de control externo en función de la división de juego y del tipo de práctica deportiva (profesionales vs amateurs). Por otro lado, se confirmó la relación entre el locus de control externo y la expresión externa de la ira, encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la expresión externa de la ira y los grupos de locus de control externo alto y bajo. Finalmente, se concluyó que el nivel de rendimiento deportivo no inter...

espanolLos objetivos de este estudio fueron comprobar la relacion entre el locus de control y el rendimiento deportivo, y conocer la relacion entre el locus de control y las variables de ira. La muestra de la investigacion se compuso de 58 jugadores federados de tenis de mesa de toda la geografia espanola. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemografico ad hoc, la Escala de Locus de Control (ELC) y el Inventario de Expresion de la Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2). Los resultados revelaron que no habia diferencias de medias en los niveles de locus de control externo en funcion de la division de juego y del tipo de practica deportiva (profesionales vs amateurs). Por otro lado, se confirmo la relacion entre el locus de control externo y la expresion externa de la ira, encontrandose diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre la expresion externa de la ira y los grupos de locus de control externo alto y bajo. Finalmente, se concluyo que el nivel de rendimiento deportivo n...

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of variability of attentional focus distance by self-talk on the learning of table tennis backhand. Methods: Therefore, 80 high school girls by mean age 16(+-0/62) yr. were randomly selected from sport school of Sanandaj and assigned to 5 groups. After pretest, the participants performed 180 forehand strokes during 6 sessions with repeating the words *slightly rotation* in the internal focus group *slightly open* in the near external focus group, *over the net* in the far external focus group, and each of the words *slightly rotation, slightly open, and over the net* respectively in each 2 sessions in the increasing distance of attentional focus group. Control group performed without self-talk during acquisition phase. Retention test was performed 48 hours after acquisition test in the same situation without self-talk, and after half an hour break, transfer test was done by changing the direction of target (parallel...

The research aims to design an electronic circuit that helps in measuring the speed of the racket head and measuring the angle of the racket head at the moment the racket hits the ball
And then take advantage of these variables to improve the performance of the players

The research comprised an analysis of an intentional sample of 914 table tennis players competing in various recreational table tennis leagues in SOKAZ (the Association of Recreational Table Tennis Players of Zagreb) during 2006. The competitors played in leagues ranked from 1 to 20 with a minimum of 36 to a maximum of 59 players in each league. Variables and indexes as indicators of the efficacy of an individual in table tennis competitions are defined. We did not find statistically significant differences in indexes of efficiency, derived by summarising several particular indexes, according to the particular league level in the table tennis championship. Yet we did find statistically significant differences in individual variables of a table tennis competitor&#39;s efficiency according to the specific league level in the table tennis championship: their relative number is higher in the &#39;tougher&#39; leagues, and is highest at the 1st to 5th league levels in SOKAZ. We also find...

The aim of this research was to analyse burnout (estimated by emotional and physical exhaustion) and coping (as estimated by the need to seek support) in relation to the number of sport-practice-hours undertaken by table tennis players of various levels of success. A sample of 180 Spanish table tennis players (mean age = 33.87 years; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study and filled out a series of self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that there was a significant difference among table tennis players on emotional and physical exhaustion (p < 0.01) with players who practiced more than ten hours reporting higher levels of emotional and physical exhaustion. There was a significant difference in coping behaviour (p < 0.01) with players who practiced more than 10 hours reporting the greatest need. Finally, players who played at a higher level (nationally or internationally) had a greater number of hours of training. It is concluded that players and coaches should take account of the time spent in sport-practice should because it can increase burnout levels in table tennis players. Moreover, coping skills could be influenced by sport-practice-hours, but further research should clarify these outcomes.

In this article, I conceptualize defensive playing in table tennis by analyzing it from the viewpoint of affective philosophy (Delouse & Guattari 1986, 1987). The spatial and emotional aspects of the atmosphere of such play are investigated through an autoethnography of company table tennis. By using my ownbody as an “instrument of research” (Longhurst et al., 2008), I practically evoke and feed on the tension between modern competitive sport and “sport for all” (Eichberg, 2010). It is suggested that the defensive stance in table tennis might be seen as a trajectory toward a “minor sport” (Delouse and Guattari, 1986, 1987), i.e. as a mild resistance to the competitive ethos of sport.