Sulfur

Acidification of slurry is an effective method to reduce ammonia emission from animal manure. However, high sulphur concentration of acidified manure may make this material unsuitable as a sole substrate in anaerobic digestion (AD). Therefore this study investigates the utilization of solid fractions from solid-liquid separation of acidified manure (SFAM), which contain most of the methane potential but only a minor part of the sulphur. The result of batch experiments showed that the AD process was inhibited when whole and the liquid fraction of sow and fattening pig acidified manure were digested, but SFAM showed no inhibition. There was no significant effect on the ultimate methane yield (B o) of sow SFAM when the screen size of screw press solid-liquid manure separation (SPMS) was varied. SFAM from SPMS is higher in dry matter content compared to SFAM from drum solid-liquid manure separation (DSMS), hence this technology not only can reduce transport costs of SFAM but also can pr...

Growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch cultures, containing prills of elementary sulfur as the sole energy source, were studied by measuring the incorporation of radioactive phosphorus in free and adsorbed bacteria. The data obtained indicate an initial exponential growth of the attached bacteria until saturation of the susceptible surface was reached, followed by a linear release of free bacteria due to successive replication of a constant number of adsorbed bacteria. These adsorbed bacteria could continue replication provided the colonized prills were transferred to fresh medium each time the stationary phase was reached. The bacteria released from the prills were unable to multiply, and in the medium employed they lost viability with a half-life of 3.5 days. The spreading of the progeny on the surface was followed by staining the bacteria on the prills with crystal violet; this spreading was not uniform but seemed to proceed through distortions present in the surfa...

7 Abbreviations and notes: N = nitrogen; P = phosphorus; S = sulfur; Fe = iron; Mn = manganese; Zn = zinc; ppm = parts per million. Sulfur is widely distributed in nature and essential for the health of both plants and animals. It often accumulates in areas with volcanic activity, and large geologic deposits of elemental S are scattered across the world. Volcanic S and pyrite (Fe 2 S) were the primary sources of S until recently. In the 20 century, the Frasch process of melting S in underground deposits was developed, making S more accessible for agricultural and industrial purposes. Fossil hydrocarbons contain S since it was present in the organic material that formed them. This fossil S is now recovered as a byproduct from materials such as oil, methane, oil sands, and coal. Sulfur removal also reduces air pollution during combustion of the fossil fuel. Elemental S is currently extracted wherever oil or gas is processed and refi ned. Sulfur is traded globally in a solid or in a mo...

Three different red wines with reductive character have been treated with two different doses of copper sulfate (0.06 and 0.5mg/L) and with a commercial copper-containing product at the recommended dose (0.6mg/L). Wines were in contact with copper one week, centrifuged and stored at 50°C in strict anoxia for 2weeks (up to 7 in one case). Brine-releasable (BR-) and free fractions of Volatile Sulfur Compounds were determined throughout the process. Relevant increases of BR-H2S suggest that those wines contained other H2S precursors non-detectable by the brine dilution method. Copper treatments had two major effects: 1) immediate decrease the levels of free H2S and methanethiol (MeSH); 2) slow the rate at which free H2S (not MeSH) increases during anoxic storage. After 7weeks of anoxia levels of free H2S and MeSH were high and similar regardless of the copper treatment. Higher copper doses could induce the accumulation of BR-H2S.

The SO4= toxicity in gypsiferous soils, which represent more than 100 million hectares worldwide, constitutes one of the major problems limiting world agricultural output. Currently, phytoremediation of SO4= is regarded, from agricultural and environmental standpoints, as one of the most effective alternatives for the decontamination and recovery of these soils. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of five plant species characteristic of gypsiferous soils (Gypsophila struthium, Helianthemun alypoides, H. squamatum, H. syriacum, and Lepidium subulatum) in order to establish the variability of these plants in terms of S-extraction mechanisms. Our results indicate that the species best adapted and with the densest population was Lepidium subulatum. This plant showed the highest concentration of total S and the greatest organic S, as well as the highest levels of amino acids and proteins. In this study, we propose that the incorporation of S into organic compounds is the essential me...

In arid-zone agriculture where available irrigation water is saline, desalination is becoming an attractive method for increasing yields and reducing negative environmental consequences. However, irrigation with desalinated water can be problematic if essential nutrients, including Ca, Mg, and S, removed during reverse osmosis, are not reintroduced. We evaluated two strategies for supplying these nutrients — direct fertilization and blending of

Abstract
    A field experiment was carried out in private field ( Abu-Garaq  ,10 km west of the city of Hilla) during the autumn season of 2014 in silty clay loam soil, to study the response of popcorn to spraying  urea under different soil fertilization levels with urea and agricultural sulfur. Split – split blot design in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in three replications was used. The factors were: soil fertilizer with urea (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 ) which  were given symbols (U0 , U100 , U200) respectively,  and three agricultural sulfur levels (0-10-20 kg ha-1) which were given symbols (S0 , S10 , S20) respectively, and two levels of  spraying urea (spraying and control ). The spraying was done twice (the first at 12 leaves stage while the second spray was in silk appearance stage (a concentration of %0.05)  even full wet. ) which were given symbols (A0 , A1) respectively. The results showed that 200 kg ha-1 (U200) was superior significantly  in plant height, plant leaves number , leaf area, leaf dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) , the percentage of leaf content of N, P and  K , ear rows number, grain number per row, the weight of 300 grain , plant and total grain yield  (249.1 cm, 17.97, 630.9 cm2, 18.24 g, 58.88, 2.45, 0.37 , 2.82 , 19.42 , 45.5 , 45,2 g, , 160.11 g, 7.63 ton.ha-1) respectively .  Sulfur level 20 kg ha-1 (S20) was superior  and gave the highest average of : plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf dry weight , the percentage of each of N , P , K in leaves, ear rows number , grain no. per row, weight of 300  grain (237.7 cm, 17.67, 651.2 cm2, 17.58 , 2.54 , 0.37 , 2.88 , 18.97 ,  43.48 g ) respectively . Spraying urea (A1) was superior in leaf area, the percentage of N and P in leaves and ear row number (635.3 cm 2, 2.49 , 0.37, 19.17 ) respectively. The interaction caused a significant effect in most of the studied traits.

levels (that is, greater than 10 25 times that of the present atmospheric level) during the deposition of these units. The presence of rounded pebbles of sideritic iron formation at the base of the Rooihoogte Formation and an extensive and thick ironstone layer consisting of haematitic pisolites and oolites in the upper Timeball Hill Formation indicate that atmospheric oxygen rose

Continuous flow generation of Br 2 , Cl 2 and H 2 S coupled to a low-power 2.45 GHz microwave microstrip He plasma exiting from a capillary gas channel in a micro-fabricated sapphire wafer with microstrip lines has been used for the optical emission spectrometric determination ...

Hot springs are the important natural sources of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. Kuan-Tzu-Ling (KTL), Chung-Lun (CL) and Bao-Lai (BL) are well-known hot springs in southern Taiwan. Fluid and mud (sediments) samples were collected from the eruption points of three hot springs for detailed biogeochemical characterization. The fluid sample displays relatively high concentrations of Na+ and Cl− compared with K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO2 −, and SO4 2−, suggesting a possible marine origin. The concentrations of Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, V and Zn were significantly higher in the mud sediments compared with fluids, whereas high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Se, Sr and Rb were observed in the fluids. This suggests that electronegative elements were released during sediment-water interactions. High As concentration in the fluids was observed to be associated with low redox (Eh) conditions. The FTIR spectra of the humic acid fractions of the sediments showed the presence of possible functional groups of secondary amines, ureas, urethanesm (amide), and silicon. The sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacterium 99% similar to Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans (GU329907) were rich in the CL hot spring while mesophilic, proteolytic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacterium that 99% similar to Clostridium sulfidigenes (GU329908) were rich in the BL hot spring.

This paper presents an innovative worldwide method of total desulphurization of gas combustion-derived ships on heavy fuel diesel engines. For the treatment of waste aqueous solution derived from cationization with aqueous solution NaOH the exhaust gas and capture the S from SO x .For the treatment wastewater plant is necessary to have big surface and consumption biggest quantity of salt water. But unfortunately, the space free on the ships are very restricted and further consequently born stability problems for the ships. This proposal innovative methodology with new approx and new design overcame the limitations and the low performance of the actual scrubber systems and the negative provoked enormous environmental impact of these emissions and not complies the IMO international regulations. The method exposed in this paper overcame the requirement its international regulations of IMO "IMO (international maritime organization rules)" (n.d.) (international maritime organization) and is Patent N. Pittas Pittas (n.d.).

This is a report of the interdisciplinary project between Humanities and Science departments within Tokai University to replicate the ancient Egyptian sulfur necklace. First, the author made typological observation of four types of sulfur beads, studied the parallels stored in the museums worldwide, and estimated that the beads were manufactured during Ptolemaic to early Roman periods. Next, Dr. Akiyama at the Department of Applied Chemistry made analysis on the actual remains, created 3D replicas and moulds of those beads. Then we could successfully make the exact copy of the beads by pouring molten sulfur into the mould. By gathering information of ancient sulfur usage archaeologically and by knowing the chemical behaviour of sulfur, we could achieve in presenting the reconstructed ancient sulfur necklace – a broad collar necklace- with replicated sulfur beads. This article is to show an example of how researchers in different fields could work together to study ancient material remains.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subcategory of inflammatory bowel disease, afflicts 1-2 million people in the United States, and many more worldwide. Although the exact cause of ulcerative colitis remains undetermined, the condition appears to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While conventional treatments can be effective in maintaining remission and decreasing the length of active disease periods, the treatments are not without side effects, and a significant number of people suffering from UC fail to respond to even the strongest drugs. This article reviews potential unconventional treatments - transdermal nicotine, heparin, melatonin, DHEA, probiotics, fiber, dietary changes, botanicals, essential fatty acids, and other nutrients - that may be considered in conjunction with conventional approaches or as part of a comprehensive alternative treatment protocol. In addition this review addresses risk factors, pathogenesis, nutrient deficiencies, convention...