Skinner

Resumo: No presente artigo compara-se e relaciona-se as abordagens de Skinner e de Vygotsky sobre as categorias pensamento e linguagem. Apresenta-se um breve resumo desses enfoques, procedendo então a uma análise de questões inerentes a convergências e divergências entre esses pesquisadores. Palavras-chave: behaviorismo; interacionismo; linguagem; desenvolvimento cognitivo

ABSTRACT. This paper tempts to compare Skinner's and Vygotsky's theories on thought and language and their connection. The paper presents a brief summary of these perspectives, followed by a critique of convergences and divergences between these two researchers. Key-words: behaviorism; interaccionism; language; cognitive development.

This article aims to revisit neo-instinctivism, socio-biological and behavioral theories
account of human aggression. Humans apparently have a long history of violence. It is
customary in many social psychology textbooks contain chapters on aggression. One of
the explanations about the subject usually has a section on the “instinct theory of
aggression” that usually associated to the ethologist Konrad Lorenz who aims to examine
aggression with a class of biological explanations. Aggressive energy is an instinctual
drive that enhance until it explodes. It may be released by external stimuli. Sociobiological
perspective contributes a more complicated interactionist model for
contemplating the origins of human aggression. Wilson’s ideas combine ethological
studies with other biological factors to explain human aggression and war as a
consequence of the interaction between the cultural environment and genes. In order to
understand human aggression, there are the dichotomies between biology and
environment, nature and nurture, or instincts and learning. It is interesting to point out
that the radical behaviorists Skinner is as much an evolutionist as Konrad Lorenz both of
whom believe the nature of the mechanisms designed by natural selection. The objective
of this study is to describe different definitions and causes of aggression in humans. It is
important to present different explanations of aggression ranging from neo-instinctivism,
socio-biological, and behavioral analysis. In the first part of the paper, after the definition of aggression, it entails a close look to Lorenz’s neo-instintivism approach. The second part focuses on Wilson’s sociobiological idea of the aggression. The third section emphasizes Skinner’s behavioralism. The conclusion gives a summary of all perspectives.

This article is an autobiographical account of the author’s childhood struggle to survive in Stanford’s Learning House, a behaviorist program in the 1970s designed to help delinquents change. “The Minotaur of the Behaviorist Maze ” offers an insider’s perspective on the consequences of treating a child as a stimulus–response organism in need of modification rather than as a human being in search of restoration of his or her innate wholeness.

Argumentet i denne artikkelen er at Skinners presentasjon av Hobbes' kunstige suverene person har bidratt til å tydeliggjøre hvordan Hobbes kobler suverenitet og representasjon. Skinner fremhever at den suverene personens kunstige karakter er avgjørende for Hobbes' teori om ...