Reintegration

This copy of this paper was written in or translated into the French language.  The verbatim Abstract is not readily available for reproduction here; it was manually re-translated from English using Google Translate:

En 553, le Deuxième Concile de Constantinople a publié une série d'anathèmes contre diverses doctrines et certains évêques afin de régler la soi-disant "Controverse Trois Chapitres". Il a également condamné Origène et plusieurs de ses thèses, y compris celle de la «préexistence des Âmes»: leur chute et leur retour au Divin à travers une série d'épreuves existentielles successives. On peut considérer ces thèses comme sous-jacentes à celles de la Réincarnation et de la Réintégration.

Cet article présente les deux personnages principaux qui sont Origène (184 ou 185 I, 253 ou 254 EC), le théologien en question, et l'empereur Justinien I (également connu sous le nom de Justinien le Grand, vers 482 - 565 EC), qui a promu le Conseil. Il examine les œuvres de la première et les actions politiques de celle-ci, par la suite les circonstances du Concile lui-même, avant d'aborder les thèmes philosophiques, historiques et théologiques qui ont nourri les prémisses, le progrès et les conséquences de ce pouvoir ecclésiastique. un événement.

Abstract
The aim of this research paper is three fold: (1) to shed some light on the struggles Albanian return migrants are facing in their psycho-social, cultural and labor market reintegration in the origin country, looking as well to the gendered trajectories of return and re-emigration(2) to highlight their gendered strategies in transferring back in their home country their financial, social and human capital;(3) to better understand the dynamic paths of their migration trajectories and finally (4) to push policy makers to put with high priority the returnees reintegration plan into the policy agenda. We base our analyze on 42 life stories of Albanian migrants, from which, 12 interviews with return migrants from Greece, 30 migrants that are actually in Greece (from which 50% have at least made an 1 attempt to return in Albania and 5 are circular migrants).The study found that: many Albanian migrants return to Albania to stay either temporary or permanently with the idea of investing in home country, though not all of them who return stay in Albania. Returnees and at a greater degree women, face lot struggles and difficulties in their psycho-social, cultural and economic reintegration upon their return, which make them mentally and psychologically vulnerable. Women experienced a sense of disempowerment, reconfiguration and re-traditionalisation of gender relationships upon their return. Labor market integration seem more problematic especially for returned women who faced a gendered gap in labor force participation1. Moreover, despite migrant willingness to invest their financial and social remittances in Albania by bringing new ideas in the labor market trend, they experience a sense of disillusion. Therefore, having no support system back home, remaining jobless and in many cases failing in their investment endeavors, make returnees consider further re-emigration as a surviving strategy. This study suggest that it is time for policy makers to compile with high priority and with a gender lens analysis a new National Migration Strategy and Return Reintegration strategy, while developing concrete and coherent measures upon returnees successful reintegration in the home country. This policy research brings at the policy agenda an holistic and multidisciplinary approach to returnee reintegration through better multi- level/stakeholder collaboration and dialogue.
Key words: return migrants, reintegration policies, gender, human, social and economic capital

Published by:
Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (KCSS)
Title:
Reintegration of returning foreign fighters: what approach best suits Kosovo?
Author:
Arife Muji
Date:
04 May 2017
As in many other countries of the world, Kosovo is also challenged by the phenomenon of violent extremism. Special challenge poses the returning foreign fighters in Kosovo, as well as individuals who have not participated in foreign wars but are considered to be affected by this phenomenon. In response to this phenomenon, this report incorporates rehabilitation and re-socialization programs for this category of individuals who must be subject to their return to society.
Since Kosovo has no experience with dealing with returned foreign fighters, especially with programs aimed at the rehabilitation and reintegration of radicalized persons, this document fits into several models and experiences that have been adopted by some states. This report analysis models of the three study cases from: Germany, Danmark and Saudi Arabia. By analyzing such models, KCSS offers and alternative programme separated in three phases: Rehabilitation, reintegration and post-prison phase.

La superación de las vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas de las personas en proceso de reintegración y resocialización, durante y después del retorno a la vida civil, constituye, todavía, un déficit institucional. Los análisis filosóficos, sociales y jurídicos de esta investigación no pretenden desconocer los logros obtenidos; pretenden, sí, identificar los obstáculos y las deficiencias existentes, en función de construir un diagnóstico real, que, en ningún caso, obedezca a un afán consolador. En este sentido, no puede afirmarse que Colombia haya dado pasos decisivos e incuestionables en dirección a una mayor reintegración y resocialización; en lugar de ello, se ha inflacionado y sobredimensionado la estrategia punitiva y securitaria. Si bien ello es condición necesaria para contribuir a la prevención del delito, no es, sin embargo, condición suficiente. Hace falta algo más.

Cellulose pulp, mainly utilized as a support for cleaning stone material, in this study, is proposed as a filler for wooden supports. In the last 10 years, pulp has been used in many restoration works carried out in the laboratory of the Diocesan Museum (MDP) in Palermo, including both wooden sculptures and panel paintings. These artworks, exhibited in the MDP, are constantly monitored in order to evaluate the effectiveness of cellulose pulp as a filler, assessing its durability and bio-receptivity. In particular, struc-tural characteristics, drying time, shrinkage, loss in weight, affinity to the pigments, etc., were simultaneously evaluated. Tests were also carried out on artificially aged cellulose pulp samples, in order to appraise if cellulose could be a source of nourish-ment for microbial growth.

This article introduces the special issue on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and 'Armed Non-Statutory Actors' (ANSAs), whose title we prefer to the less precise label of Armed Non-State Actors. The understanding that DDR programs are essential in helping to prevent the recurrence of war in post-conflict situations is at the heart of current peacebuilding practice and the academic literature on peacekeeping and stabilization. However, the changing strategic context of DDR programs and in particular the proliferation of ANSAs presents new challenges, the responses to which have been characterized as 'second generation' DDR. The changing context poses new questions and forces us to rethink assumptions and templates of DDR as the concept is blurred and expanded. The main question is if it makes sense to hold on to the concept or whether the assumptions associated with it will impede the rethinking of templates for violence reduction in the future.

This paper investigates the suitability of the economic reintegration strategy for former Colombian combatants, taking into account the challenges facing this population. It argues that the international discourse primarily consists of a market-centred versus a people-centred perspective, each with a distinct approach to economic reintegration. The paper finds that in Colombia there was a lack of inclusion of key stakeholders in the initial design of the process. As a result, the economic reintegration strategy ended up merely accommodating certain neoliberal ideals and thereby leaned towards a market-centred approach. Lately, steps have been taken towards an increasingly people-centred approach. This is currently reflected in improved results of the process, which predict a brighter future for economic reintegration of former combatants in Colombia.

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para enfrentar a situação de desemprego. Investigaram-se estratégias objetivas de sobrevivência e de reinserção profissional, e subjetivas, relacionadas com o enfrentamento da situação (coping). Participaram 400 trabalhadores desempregados que iam ao Sistema Nacional de Emprego (sine) de uma cidade do nordeste do Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado com perguntas sobre estratégias objetivas e uma escala de enfrentamento. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória. As estratégias de sobrevivência e de reinserção profissional estão baseadas na ativação das redes de amigos e de familiares. Os fatores de enfrentamento predominantes foram a religiosidade e o planejamento. Níveis educativos menores foram preditores de uma maior utilização de estratégias religiosas. Os resultados contribuem para melhorar a compreensão do fenômeno do desemprego no nordeste do Brasil.