Object-oriented

Despite increasing the number of studies for mapping remote sensing insect-induced forest infestations, applying novel approaches for mapping and identifying its triggers are still developing. This study was accomplished to test the performance of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) TreeNet for discerning insect-infested forests induced by defoliators from healthy forests using Landsat 8 OLI and ancillary data in the broadleaved mixed Hyrcanian forests. Moreover, it has studied mutual associations between the intensity of forest defoliation and the severity of forest fires under TerraClimate-derived climate hazards by analyzing panel data models within the TreeNet-derived insect-infested forest objects. The TreeNet optimal performance was obtained after building 333 trees with a sensitivity of 93.7% for detecting insect-infested objects with the contribution of the top 22 influential variables from 95 input object features. Accordingly, top image-derived features were the mean of the second principal component (PC2), the mean of the red channel derived from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and the mean values of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the global environment monitoring index (GEMI). However, tree species type has been considered as the second rank for discriminating forest-infested objects from non-forest-infested objects. The panel data models using random effects indicated that the intensity of maximum temperatures of the current and previous years, the drought and soil-moisture deficiency of the current year, and the severity of forest fires of the previous year could significantly trigger the insect outbreaks. However, maximum temperatures were the only significant triggers of forest fires. This research proposes testing the combination of object features of Landsat 8 OLI with other data for monitoring near-real-time defoliation and pathogens in forests.

Dirt is evoked to signify many important facets of mountain bike culture including its emergence, history and everyday forms of practice and affect. These significations are also drawn upon to frame the sport's (sub)cultural and counter-ideological affiliations. In this article we examine how both the practice of mountain biking and, specifically, mountain bike trail building, raises questions over the object and latent function of dirt, hinting at the way that abjection can, under certain circumstances, be a source of intrigue and pleasure. In doing so, we suggest a re-symbolization of our relationship with dirt via a consideration of the terrestrial.

"Design of liquid retaining structures involves many decisions to be made by the designer based on rules of thumb, heuristics, judgment, code of practice and previous experience. Various design parameters to be chosen include configuration, material, loading, etc. A novice engineer may face many difficulties in the design process. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and emerging field of knowledge-based system (KBS) have made widespread applications in different fields. However, no attempt has been made to apply this intelligent system to the design of liquid retaining structures. The objective of this study is, thus, to develop a KBS that has the ability to assist engineers in the preliminary design of liquid retaining structures. Moreover, it can provide expert advice to the user in selection of design criteria, design parameters and optimum configuration based on minimum cost. The development of a prototype KBS for the design of liquid retaining structures (LIQUID), using blackboard architecture with hybrid knowledge representation techniques including production rule system and object-oriented approach, is presented in this paper. An expert system shell, Visual Rule Studio, is employed to facilitate the development of this prototype system.

Keywords: knowledge-based system; object-oriented; system; preliminary design; water retaining structures"

Initial implementations of Middleware based on standards such as CORBA have concentrated on host and language transparency issues in order to demonstrate interoperability. They have largely adopted a No-Replication approach and have frequently neglected performance-at-scale issues. This has lead to a continuing deployment of either non-scalable Full-Replication approaches or ad-hoc messaging-based Middleware for applications such as Intelligent Networks, WWW applications and Collaborative Virtual Reality. These applications require millions of objects globally distributed across hundreds of hosts and demand a very high throughput of low-latency method invocations. Our main research aim is to be able to reason about the performance of such applications when using scalable Partial-Replication and Object-Oriented approaches to Middleware. Our approach is to capture in a simulator, the behaviour of distributed systems hardware and software components such as networks, hosts, multithreading, caching and RMI mechanisms. We then use the simulator to explore potential design and implemention choices. Our current simulator-driven design, called "MinORB", has been fully implemented and tested. MinORB supports scaleable high-performance by a combination of techniques including weak and application-specified consistency and partial replication using fine-grained proxy caching. Experimental results show that our work compares very favourably with other leading implementations such as OmniORB. Scalability is unparalleled with up to 1,000,000,000 objects per address space, a maximum throughput of 42,000 invocations per second and service times as low as 4 microseconds.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) utilizes an alternate arrangement of programming language than old procedural programming dialects (C, Pascal, and so forth.). It is a methodology which is essentially centered on the way objects collaborate to convey and share the data. It changed the utilization of procedural oriented programming, where the attention was on the methodology of execution. The object oriented methodology brought another way, giving more significance to the items. There are four basic concepts which are to be emphasized. The first concept is that of an Object. It is the basic building block of any programming language. It represents the way you can describe anything in the programming world. The next is Class; a class in OOP is the principle body of any system. The classes frame the fundamental improvement unit of any system. Third factor is Inheritance, where we can create a new class known as derived class from the parent base class. This helps in reducing the time for coding and the derived class is error free. The last factor is Polymorphism, which means the capacity to ask for that the same operations be performed by an extensive variety of diverse sorts of things.

By way of generative critique, this article considers the premises, potential, and consequences of object-oriented ontology (OOO) and object-oriented rhetoric (OOR). To do this, it moves through four progressive and accumulative sections: first, the primacy and necessity of meaning-formation (signification) in any meaningful ontology, and thus the rhetorical exigency of any ontology in the first place; second, the potential and pitfalls of any specifically object-oriented rhetoric; third, the function of doxa (and episteme / logos) as means to recalibrate OOO and bridge it to a proper OOR; and fourth, extending from such a doxical approach, the ethical and political consequences of OOO/OOR, which we mark as a "dark politics" for two reasons-(1) the appropriately withdrawn, but nonetheless actual, politics of OOO/OOR, and (2) how such an ontological politics, whether intended or not, has "dark" (destructive) potential for bodies and lives.

Most entities studied by archaeologists share the same basic necessary conditions. They are limited spatiotemporal units which are continuous within a human frame of sensorial reference. These entities cannot dissolve into their constituent parts without affecting their function, capacity, and morphology. Further, they usually occupy one physical state at a time. The hyperfact, on the other hand, is vastly distributed, it can dissolve into most of its parts without affecting its “essence”, and it can be in several physical states at the same time. Water is a typical hyperfact, existing on multiple scales, from molecules to the hydrological cycle. In this text I show how local manifestations of this hyperfact can be found in ceramics, architectural features, agriculture, water management systems, and regional settlements of the Cochuah region in southern Mexico.

In the development of 21st century life skills, specifi c activity-based
learning approaches could be helpful. This article describes the Trialogical Learning Approach, considered from the point of view of its interpretation and evaluation by teachers across a range of pedagogical courses. The aim of the paper is to provide both a summary of refl ections on current practices and recommendations for potential enhancements to the trialogical pedagogical application. After a description of the approach, we focus on the role of pedagogical scenarios in educational design and refl ective practice and, specifi cally, the scenarios used by teachers involved in the European project KNORK who have implemented TLA in their courses. From the content analysis of 53 pedagogical scenarios we have derived that: a) teachers were competent in designing their course following the trialogical approach prescriptions, b) teachers believed that the approach had promoted professional, collaborative and digital skills, thus satisfying their initial expectations, and c) a better management of group work and evaluation has been identifi ed as major element requiring improvement. Methodological refl ections about the use of the scenario as a corpus of data are discussed.

In today’s process-centered business organization, it is imperative that enterprise information system must be converted from task-centered to process-centered system. Traditional software development methodology is function-oriented, in which each function manages its own data and it results in redundancy because data that belongs to one object are stored by several functions. Proposed in this paper is a process-driven software development methodology, in which business process is a major concern and workflow functionalities are identified and specified throughout the entire development life cycle. In the proposed methodology, the development process, modeling tools and deliverables are clarified explicitly. Proposed methodology can be a guideline to practitioners involved in enterprise software development, of which workflow is an essential part.

A language FOBS-X (Extensible FOBS) is described. This language is an interpreted language, intended as a universal scripting language. An interesting feature of the language is its ability to be extended, allowing it to be adapted to new scripting environments. The interpretation process is structured as a core-language parser back-end, and a macro processor frontend. The macro processor allows the language syntax to be modified. A configurable library is used to help modify the semantics of the language, adding the required capabilities for interacting in a new scripting environment. This paper focuses on the macro capability of the language. A macro extension to the language has been
developed, called the standard extension, that gives FOBS-X a friendlier syntax. It also serves as a convenient tool for demonstrating the macro expansion process.

The Security Engineering discipline has become more and more important in the recent years. Security requirements engineering is essential to assure the Quality of the resulting software. An increasing part of the communication and sharing of information in our society utilize Web Applications. Last two years have seen a significant surge in the amount of Web Application specific vulnerabilities that are disclosed to the
public because of the importance of Security Requirements Engineering for Web based systems and as it is
still underestimated. Integration of Web and object technologies offer a foundation for expanding the Web
to a new generation of applications. In this paper, we outline our proposed Model- Oriented Security Requirement Engineering (MOSRE) Framework for Web Applications. By applying Object-Oriented technologies and modeling to Security Requirement phase. So the completeness, consistency, traceability and reusability of Security Requirements can be cost effectively improved. We implemented our MOSRE
Framework for E-Voting Application and set of Security Requirements are identified.

This  paper  describes  important  features  of JAPROSIM, a free and open source simulation library implemented in Java programming language. It provides a framework for building
discrete event simulation models. The process interaction world view adopted by JAPROSIM is discussed. We present the architecture and major components of the simulation library. A pedagogical example is given in order to illustrate how to use JAPROSIM for building discrete event simulation models. Further motivations are discussed and suggestions for improving our work are given.

The popularity of object-oriented languages requires serious measures to look into the shortfalls of the languages and study the defects that might result from design flaws. The vast amount of software developed using this paradigm requires certain methods and techniques to keep the quality high by finding the defects and shortfalls. The paper will discuss some of the design flaws and defects and look at methods of detecting them and we will look at object-oriented shortfalls namely the crosscutting concerns and the techniques to find and correct those using Aspects and Aspect-Oriented methods and modals.

In this paper I will explore the oceans as Thingspaces, and analyze the current Plastic Pollution of oceans within the long history of resurfacing objects from the sea. From the specific history of oceans as “Places of Away” and “Places of No return” since the antiquity, where the ocean was valued for its property to “keep things under”, as “master of disappearance” (Lindenlauf 2003), and a resurfacing object was regarded as a divine sign, like in the myth of Polycrates, to a more recent event of recurring objects: The “Friendly Floatees”. Infamous 30 000 floating rubber ducks, that not only helped to map the ocean currents, but became icons for the plastic pollution of oceans themselves.
For that purpose, I will work with a discourse analytical perspective on the narratives, which have arisen around the event of the “Friendly Floatees”, including two children's books and a Disney Channel Movie. The changing narratives and ontologies around the “Friendly Floatees” can be used to describe the shift in human-ocean-relations within the growing oceanic Plastic Pollution.

Planning is a very important stage for developing software. A number of systems have been developed for the planning stage, which is a must for software development. Object-oriented programming plays the most important part technically in those systems. Using object-based programming effectively minimises the time and money spent in terms of software development processes. One of the best ways for this is to use design patterns that are also known as modules or program segments consisting of more than one classes and supporting code reuse in order to solve the problems recurring during the development of the software. The aim of this study is to develop a design patterns modeller to be used in Java programming language to make the software development a planned, secure and upgradable process while shortening the time spent and reducing the costs via good planning.

This book is a significant re-thinking of Duchamp’s importance in the twenty-first century, taking seriously the readymade as a critical exploration of object-oriented relations under the conditions of consumer capitalism.

The readymade is understood as an act of accelerating art as a discourse, of pushing to the point of excess the philosophical precepts of modern aesthetics on which the notion of art in modernity is based. Julian Haladyn argues for an accelerated Duchamp that speaks to a contemporary condition of art within our era of globalized capitalist production.

Spatial thinking has constituted an area of growing interest-mostly known as 'spatial turn'-among contemporary art, academia and society, yet such a fascination does not constitute an ephemeral trend. Humans tend to think spatially; something apparent through the use of metaphors, conceptual diagrams and most importantly our own body and in-situ experience. The concepts of place and space have been central not only at the core of geographical thought but also at the fruitful intersections of arts and humanities revealing (geo)poetic elements in various expressive modes (i.e. poetry, installation, performance, film or locative media). Such a mingling of space/place, body, senses, art practice, technological extensions and poetic imagination can be encountered in the emerging field of 'artistic geohumanities'. The current paper explores the ways space and place have impacted on the fields of performance art, installation art and site-specific/related practices; often mediated and extended through walking, audiovisual means and creative technologies (i.e. interaction). In particular, it reflects on the fruitful intersections of concepts such as location, site and site-specific art practices towards new conceptualizations and mediated sensory experiences of 'poetics into site' (i.e. site-oriented walking, site-specific installation, expanded sculpture).

The 'Object Based Image Analysis' approach (further, OBIA) becomes increasingly popular and is being used for classifying VHR remote sensing images. The use of this innovative approach for urban mapping is highly effective as it makes possible to include information about features, shapes and other characteristics of urban space and to interpret them for the studies of land cover types. Using very high resolution (VHR) image for mapping enables to identify land cover and land use types within urban environment. Hence, the OBIA approach for processing remote sensing data creates effective tools for urban studies. Furthermore, the application of the priori knowledge is necessary for the case studies where additional knowledge can implement detailed information into the existing databases, e.g. information on land cover and land use types, roads, buildings, vegetation units (parks)

“The Consolation of Objects” takes seriously Nietzsche’s call to embrace what is, to love necessity. Amor fati for him entails the ability “to see what is necessary in things as what is beautiful in them.” Stephen Dedalus, in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses, shows us how this love of fate is tied to the object-world. He first learns, in A Portrait, that words create significance, then learns that objects have a similar role to play in that they harbor a secret significance. He learns that objects and things are not always congruent and that they possess radically different ontologies; the “thingness” or quality of being essential or “noumenal” that belongs to the object as thing is not available for human perception, which must settle for the brute being of the object as given. He tries to understand what lies beyond this given reality, the quidditas (literally “whatness”) or thingness of the object. In Ulysses, Stephen learns a more valuable lesson: what lies in the liminal territory of his apprehension constitutes a knowable element of the object that lies beyond its sensible appearance. The “esthetic image” that illuminates his mind in A Portrait is now understood to be the dialectical image of the object’s withdrawal into being. He learns to accept the promise of the object’s being in the beauty of its necessary withdrawal. The consolation of objects is that they offer artists like Stephen an opening into worlds other than his own, a pathway toward what cannot be known, a half-step toward what all objects conceal.

This article is part of a broader study focused on the perception of functional domestic objects. We propose the analysis of user perception of said objects, through literary revision of key authors and concepts, and also via an enquiry and photographic records of the objects of study in their domestic environment. By promoting investigation of user perception we aim to provide product designers with information and potentially tools which will be conducive to a more informed approach during the design process. " Never have more of us had more possessions than we do now, even as we make less and less use of them. The homes in which we spend so little time are filled with things. " [1] " (…) A deficit in the study and theory of use has long been known without any recognizable professional efforts to close this gap through research and intellectual efforts. " [2] Working towards the concept of non-object, as a category of objects, arose from Marc Augé's Non-Places book which is central in our research. We wondered if, in a mass-produced world, we could also identify and name a category of objects as non-objects? The revision of key authors and theories by designers, philosophers and social theorists such as Bryson, Braudillard, Brandes, Morgantini, Chapman, Sudjic, Munari, Merleau-Ponty, Desmet Thackara, Katz and Lukic, amongst others, help us in our investigation, and support its need, and is instrumental in outlining the scope of the non-object concept.

Mind Alone For many years psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy was singularly centered on the unconscious mind and conscious mind. There was only mind and the mind could become aware of its own self and its own representational realm. The self itself was representational and the emphasis on the mind was in the light of analytic thinking and analytic observation. There was an emphasis on objectification of mental phenomena and subjectivity itself. Knowing was knowledge by association, by reflection and mediation by linguistic signifiers. Knowing was neither non-conceptual nor pre-reflective, nor was there a place for direct experiential knowingness. Knowing was associated as mind alone and singular mind functions such as thinking, feeling, sensation, memory and imagination. Transitional Space as Space of Awareness With the presentation of the work of Donald Winnicott there was a shift in the psychoanalytic understanding of knowingness. A similar change in psychoanalytic thinking about knowing was also taking place in the Jungian and archetypal analytic schools. In psychotherapy Winnicott emphasizes a focus on the suspension of mind and in the process of suspension of mind, awareness was freed to focus within awareness, free to focus itself on itself. In the suspension of mind (a Winnicottian form of the phenomenological reduction,) the patient relocates themselves. The patient relocates from being located in mind alone or even located in a particular function of mind alone such as: feeling function or thinking function or sensation function or memory function; the patient enters or relocates themselves into the intermediate area of experience. This intermediate area of experience or this in-between space of experience is also described as the transitional area of experience and relatedness. Sometime this place is also described as the place of potential space. The sense of self shifts from being located in the mind or mental function of the mind into the more embodied sense of spacious awareness or as the place of potential space. Winnicott would described this knowing

This short piece was written in the gallery space, as a direct, textual response to a work that worked on me bodily, directly. A work that had an affect. In retrospect, the writing is an object-oriented, multi-vocal attempt to develop an experimental approach to art writing, or criticism. Something that is highly subjective, but grounded in the work rather than in opinion. It’s a simple idea, but it can be hard to access. Afterwords, playing and editing, there was an attention to the space of the page, inspired by research into concrete poetry.

I don’t recall the exact chronology, but I must have read Travis Jeppeson’s blogpost Towards an Object-Oriented Writing (October 2011), before writing. It seems coincidental now, though not at the time, that I read the Hive text the following week, at the Metalab workshop, ‘Object-Oriented Writing with Travis Jeppesen’ (July 20 2012).

The grammatological history of the origin and development of the Hebrew alefbet differs from the esoteric and mystical vision of the Hebrew letters found in the Torah, midrash, and kabbalah. This article explores some of the the philosophy and hermeneutic principles underlying the rhetorical impulse in Judaism to regard the alefbet as the ontological and ethical foundation of the universe, constructed out of the substance of language itself. The impulse to regard letters as essence may reveal an alternative rhetorical tradition in the West, one that reflects a Jewish perspective on language and simultaneously reveals certain affinities with other religions and cultures.
Keywords: Rhetoric and religion, Hebrew rhetoric, Hebrew letters, alefbet, Jewish hermeneutics, mystical alphabets, grammatology, ancient Semitic scripts

NOTE: This article appeared in a special issue of the Journal of Communication and Religion (23: 2 2003): 126-162. Because of the copyright allowances of JCR, I am able to present it here on Academia.edu.  This article represents one dimension of my research into rhetoric, technology, and ethics; this dimension focuses on the somewhat unique  philosophy of Jewish rhetoric generally, and particularity on the Hebrew alphabet in kabbalah, midrash, and Torah (and hence in reverse chronological order). Increasingly, I am seeing and studying new materialisms like Object Oriented Philosophy in relation to this ancient and alternative ontology--the relation of objects and letters, for instance, and the ethical implications of the similarities and differences. Other articles related to this topic that I will not be able to reproduce here include (in chronological order):   

--“The Ethic of Expediency: Classical Rhetoric, Technology, and the Holocaust.” College English 54 (March 1992): 255-75

--“Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Hitler’s Program, and the Ideological Problem of Praxis, Power, and Professional Discourse as a Social Construction of Knowledge.” Special issue on Power and Professional Discourse, Journal of Business and Technical Communication. (Jan. 1993): 37-62

--“The Kabbalah as a Theory of Rhetoric: Another Suppressed Epistemology.” Rhetoric, Cultural Studies, and Literacy: Selected Papers from the 1994 Conference of the Rhetoric Society of America (peer reviewed), John Frederick Reynolds, Editor. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers,
1995: 109-117

--“The Epistemology of the Kabbalah: Toward a Jewish Philosophy of Rhetoric.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 25 (1995): 107-122

--“The Alphabet as Ethics: A Rhetorical Basis for Moral Reality in Hebrew Letters.” Rhetorical Democracy: Discursive Practices of Civic Engagement. Selected Papers from the 2002 RSA Conference. peer reviewed). Gerald Hauser and Amy Grimm, Editors. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (2004): 195-204

--“Composing Identity in Cyberspace: A ‘Rhetorical Ethnography’ of Writing on Jewish Discussion Lists in Germany and the United States” (with Michal Anne Moskow). Judaic Perspectives on Composition. Andrea Greenbaum and Deborah H. Holdstein, Eds.  Creskill, N.J: Hampton Press, 2008: 85-108

--“The Hebrew Bible as Another, Jewish Sophistic: A Genesis of Absence and Desire in Ancient Rhetoric.” Ancient Non-Greek Rhetorics. Carol Lipson and Roberta Binkley, Eds. Lauer Series in Rhetoric and Composition, edited by Patricia Sullivan and Catherine Hobbs. Lafayette, Indiana: Parlor Press, 2009: 125-150

--“Beyond Ethical Frames of Technical Relations: Digital Being in the Workplace World” (with Vicki W. Rhodes). In Digital Literacy for Technical Communication: 21st Century Theory and Practice, Rachel Spilka, ed. London: Routledge, 2010: 230-256

--“The ‘Place’ of Rhetoric in Aggadic Midrash” (with David Metzger). College English 72: 6 (July 2010):  638-653. Special issue on Composing Jewish Rhetorics. Janice Fernheimer, Guest Editor; John Schilb, Editor

--“Afterword: The Reality of Words and their Aftermath.” In Deadly Documents: Technical Communication, Organizational Discourse, and the Holocaust—Lessons from the Rhetorical Work of Everyday Texts. Mark Ward. Baywood Publishing. 2014. 203-220

--“Socrates as Rabbi: The Story of the Alpha and the Aleph in an Age of Information.” In Jewish Rhetorics: History, Theory, Practice. Eds. Janice Fernheimer and Michael Bernard-Donals. Brandeis UP, 2014. 93-111

--“Burke’s New Body? The Problem of Virtual Material, and Motive, in Object Oriented Philosophy.” Kenneth Burke Journal. Special Editors Kris Rutten, Vrijders Dries, and ‎Ronald Soetaert, University of Ghent, Belgium. Forthcoming Spring 2015

--“Ethics and Letters: Understanding, Teaching, and Learning Writing as a Moral Act.”  Special issue on Jewish rhetoric and pedagogy, The Writing Instructor, David Metzger, Guest Editor. In progress