Nursery Management

Plant Propagation from Cuttings produces new plants identical to stock plants. Rooting Hormones are essential to develop roots on cuttings. This Guide describes five successful foliar and basal propagation methods: Five methods of plant propagation from cuttings:. Dry Dip, Basal Quick Dip, Foliar Spray Drip Down, Foliar Total Immerse, Basal Long Soak. The methods use the rooting hormones Hortus IBA Water Soluble Salts® (rooting solutions) & Rhizopon® AA (rooting solutions & dry powders).

It is no longer news that the Nigeria education sector is faced with challenges which emanated from negligence in policy implementation especially the PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM which unfortunately is the foundation and bedrock of all further education in life. 
One thing has remained a big challenge of humans from time past till date, the scarcity of people who can take charge, courageously speak and stand for what is good and profitable for all”especially at this time when educational malpractice has become a norm in the society. This book written by a concerned Scholar cum the National President of National association of Nursery and Primary Education Instructors in Nigeria ( ANPEIN), is timely and specifically  written to address the  root causes of the nationwide epidemic educational issue which  sensitizes the general public, create awareness and explore ways through which such epidemic issue  can be curtailed.
The book also makes comparison between primary 5 & 6 curriculum and reveals that a great difference exist.
The children these days, struggle in secondary schools and in life generally, as a result of this malpractice. The psychological trauma and effect of this practice extends throughout life of these children.
Here is a true-life narration of a victim of this unethical practice to substantiate the argument:
I left in primary 5. Up till now, with the knowledge I have today, I struggle through life at every level. Because I was moved when I was not ready! I was exceptional, yes! But it didn’t help me. I had to do an analysis a lot later in life to see why some things happened to be academically, emotionally, and psychologically. It went back to my foundation after all.
Bring Back Primary 6 Movement (BBP6M) intends to create awareness on the benefits of pupils completing full 6-year programme of primary education and proclaim the detriments of doing otherwise with the aims to:
i. encourage parents and school owners to ensure pupils below primary 6 are not graduated or moved from primary school to be admitted into secondary school.
ii. encourage government authorities to enforce this motive
iii. make schools and corporate organizations buy the idea and enforce this movement in their operations
iv. encourage schools to raise matured children for all-round success in secondary school and beyond.
v. build a nation of emotionally, intellectually and morally competent minds that will make a difference in leadership and character.
These will be achieved through provision of information regularly on the subject via different platforms and encouraging schools to make Primary 6 a very active and functional class thereby fulfilling the TRANSITIONAL purpose of the level beyond academics.
To fully implement the Primary Education System of 6-3-3-4 Policy, the practitioners need to take responsibility. We need to fight the menace, do it right, to get it right. If we get it right in the sector, no workforce will ever dictate the age of entry into organizations or anybody dares to bend or change the rule. The system can only be cleaned when things are done rightly.
So we advocate for its implementation by
Non acceptance of DECLARATION OF AGE for admission into primary 1 but BIRTH CERTIFICATE;
Government' takeover of issuance of TESTIMONIAL for only Primary six pupils;
Stop common entrance exams rather individual school organizes admission exams (placement or transfer exams) for individuals/pupils who want to get into secondary schools.
These recommendations and other valuable tips are what this book dwells greatly on which will help educate the stakeholders and aid them make informed decisions concerning the primary education. As a scholarly writer, I appreciate Mr. Simeon Fowowe for this intellectual piece. Thank you for the honour given to me  to write this foreword.
I recommend the book to every stakeholder willing to bring back the primary 6 education in Nigeria

The book, Bring Back our Languages, came to being as a result of perceived alarming mis-use of English language among students and parents and the reckless abandonment of indigenous languages in Nigerian schools and homes.  The latest law by Lagos State government, to make every Wednesday a vernacular day in her schools is a welcome development as it will promote a deliberate use of Yoruba language and the implementation of the long-awaited provision of use of the indigenous languages in the National Policy on education, Section 1(8) item G which is reproduced here: “Every child shall be taught in the mother tongue or language of the immediate community for the first four years of basic education in addition, it is expected that every child shall learn one Nigerian language. (NPE, 2013)

The authors are of the opinion, that for the proposals in this text to be achieved, Government must do what it is mandated in the same policy document “Section 2 No 16 item J – Ensure development of orthography of more Nigerian languages; and produce textbooks. Supplementary readers and other instructional materials in Nigeria languages. (NPE, 2013)

The highlightsinthe text includes- major indigenous languages, minority, non-majority Nigeria dialects, history of English language, errors usually commonly used by elites cited, selected Poems, Rhymes, Folktales, etc were actually picked from some texts which were (referenced appropriately) and from personal experience of the authors.
Hope the facts, figures and dates quoted in the text will be useful for those who are willing to learn their mother tongue. It is a wake-up call to those who are highly indigenous and desirous to learn their mother tongues.

Abstract
The study examined teachers’ quality and attitude towards primary school learning of science in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State. In the study, four hypotheses were tested in the study. Correlational research design was adopted. A total sample of one hundred and fifty (150) respondents made up of 50 teachers and 100 pupils were selected through simple random sampling technique. The instruments used in this study for the collection of data from the respondents were a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The first teachers to measure teachers’ quality while the second one measured pupils’ attitude to science. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistics were used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ knowledge of the subject matter and attitude of primary school pupils toward science. There is a significant relationship between teachers’ communication ability and attitude of primary school pupils toward science, there is a significant influence of teachers’ usage of instructional material on attitude of primary school pupils toward science and there is a significant relationship between teachers’ classroom management skills and attitude of primary school pupils toward science. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommended among others that teachers should be more committed to the teaching of science in primary schools with the use of instructional materials given the importance of practical knowledge in it.

WELCOME SPEECH BY ANPEIN PRESIDENT, MR. FOWOWE, SIMEON SUNDAY, ON THE OCCASION OF ITS FIRST ROUNDTABLE CONFERENCE, HELD BETWEEN 1ST – 3RD NOVEMBER, 2018 @ ECO EVENT CENTRE MOKOLA B/STOP, EGBEDA LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.

Protocols,
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

Teaching is a challenging and rewarding profession and one of the few careers you can choose where you really can make a big difference to someone’s life – a difference that will stay with them forever. The first teacher to make a difference in my life was, Mrs. Oyedola, late now. She was a primary school teacher who taught me to read when others had failed. Where, I actually wonder, would I be now, if she had not been there to make a difference?
At every level of your appointment as a teacher, be it-Nursery, Primary, Secondary or higher institutions, the concept of teaching for tomorrow should be your watchword. The children we teach today are the adults who will be determining our future and it is our responsibility to enable them make informed choices and to be in control of the technology they will use. Needless to remind the teachers that, the ideas we discuss with a class of children TODAY, may be modified in the future by new approaches or discoveries.
We can not second-guess the future for the children we teach, but we can try to take an imaginative approach in our teaching and keep ourselves informed about how the present situation is changing. The life we live on this earth has never been static. As humans, we have always known and experienced CHANGES. Still, we have always adjusted to or adopted by changes. If changes have always been with us then, it is imperative as an ASSOCIATION to predict the likely classroom and school dynamics that our children may likely encounter. The changes today are occurring at break-neck speed which are profoundly affecting fundamental changes in our schools, the way teachers behave and teach, the way learners read and talk, the way questions are set and answered and the way schools assess, evaluate and even collect schools fees.
ANPEIN roundtable conference this year 2018 therefore, presents a contemporary issue in our educational system – Designing the classroom of the future: issues, prospects and considerations, for three (3) days, where critical review of what becomes the future classroom of our nation will be discussed with a view to charting a future course that would align with best international practices. Day one will be for formal opening and keynote directions followed by presentation of other lead papers with a robust critique of all the presentations. Day 2 will continue with the roundtable on lessons on best practices from across the Boarders etc. Day 3, continues with roundtable and visits to idea schools to see, if available, all the components of future classroom and schools being discussed here. Same day, the communiqué and adoption of it will be done. Thereafter, certificate of attendance will be distributed to the participants.
Apart from the keynote and lead papers, all other operations are going to be different from orthodox paper presentation style but instead, will focus on mainly a series of interactive roundtables followed by syndicate sessions for in-depth exploration of selected burning issues on the subject matter of the conference. May I challenge the participants to have the following as their focal points of expectation amongst others things being envisaged.
The dynamics of our school/classroom:
• Digital pedagogical tools for 21st century teachers/learner
• Identification and remediation of special needs children.
• How to establish schools in the current dispensation
• Debt recovery mechanism in the 21st century
• Parental roles in the current dispensation.
• The status of Primary six and SS 3 classes in the current dispensation
• Professional development of teachers and school administrators, etc.

At this juncture, I will like to give a brief to the establishment of ANPEIN for those willing to join.
ANPEIN was established in 2016 to build a working relationship and network with the leading academics, international partners, NGOs, science and ICT professionals and exemplary classroom researchers that are willing to support professional caregivers, teachers and lecturers in discharging their duties in terms of teaching, researches about child’s education and protection.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS
1) ANPEIN believes that the equation is simple for the rights of the children to be guaranteed and that education is the most basic insurance against poverty, ignorance and stagnancy. Education represents opportunity to survive, live a meaningful life. At all ages, it empowers people with the knowledge, skills and confidence they need to shape a better children.
2) The basic goal of the association for Nursery and Primary Education instructors (ANPEIN) is Research, the application & implementation of research findings regarding children in (Nursery and Basic Education) for the effectiveness and the improvement of quality education for the young ones.
3) Classroom based research, focus on print and digital publications.
4) An extensive program of continuous professional development trainings for members.
5) Partnership with relevant agencies on project that will facilitate quality teaching and learning in our school system.
6) To promote understanding and collaboration among researchers and professionals in Nursery and Basic Education.
7) Facilitate exchange programs among members, schools, and higher institutions.
8) Promote follow up programs for teachers, schools and higher institutions that are members.
9) Organise conferences, seminars, workshops, and round table discussions for the improvement of Nursery and Basic Education in Nigeria.
10) Published books, journals, newsletters, pamphlets, magazines, e.t.c. on Nursery and Basic Education.
11) Participate in local, national and international conferences in accordance with association's aims and objectives.

Vision: Eradication of all inhibiting factors , militating against the growth and development of the Nigerian child.
Mission Statement: The mission statement of the Association includes:
• To utilize research findings as advocacy tool to protect the conventional rights of the child and sensitize the society and other policy makers on the state of children’s education in Nigeria with a view to assisting in their development
• To utilize research findings and appropriate technology as strategic tool for training and development of caregivers, teachers, parents and even teachers’ educators etc. in order to strategically develop sound professionals for improved and quality education entrenchment in Nigerian society.

Goal: Our goal is to support children’s desire to be life-long learners through pedagogical programmes and protection schemes for their parents, teachers, caregivers and school administrators.

Slogan/Motto: Providing quality trending for children’s education and healthy development.
ANPEIN Anthem:
ANPEIN is a child protection agent
We are caregivers and teachers in all ramifications
We promote EFA, MDGs and SDGs and other
conventions and protocols about Nigerian children.

We train and build lives and chart ways for the future leaders.
Great caregivers, Great Teachers! Great Educators,
We are not discriminatory,
We encourage the vulnerable, the disadvantaged and
The neglected and we love the profession we are in…

Preamble /Protocol:
I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my colleagues here at Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Oto- Ijanikin who thought it wise to invite me to give the Keynote Paper at this First School of Early Childhood and Primary Education (SECPED) conference. I count it a privilege to be so honoured.  In addition I want to appreciate the Provost, HODs, all members of staff, the LOC, experts in Early Childhood and Primary Education from various institutions, school heads, proprietors and proprietresses, education officers, students and you all for coming to attend the opening session. Without your attendance here there will be no conference.
I am thrilled that AOCOED has been engaging in so many activities, capacity building, research and workshops with the Lagos State Government and other stakeholders in the education space to project the status of Early Childhood Education (ECE) and Primary Education, especially the recent one held between 11 -15 November, 2019 on Effective Teaching and Classroom Management for Lagos State Early Childhood Care, Development and Education Teachers. Indeed if the foundation be poor, what can the righteous do, on this note, I want to recognize your laudable efforts and challenge you not to relent in being at the cutting edge of policy development, practice and training within the ECE space.

FOREWORD

Most people think they are running their lives the way they want, according to their intentions and esteemed values.But we unconsciously play behaviours that are not harmonius with our desires.We don't see the foul play because it is unconscious and we end up shooting ourselves in the leg.By default, the unconscious mind controls our habits which have been programmed by a set of values, beliefs and attitudes created by upbringing, environment and significant emotional experiences.
The conscious and unconscious minds aren’t in harmony with each other.The fact that the conscious mind is aware of something doesn't mean that, the unconscious mind will cause you to act in accordance with it.While both levels of consciousness may seem to be together, they each learn differently.The conscious mind learns in creative fashion while the unconscious mind learns by forming a habit.When you read a great book or come to a profound realization that could change your life, the conscious mind makes you go, “Aha! This is all I need to breakthrough."While the unconscious mind goes "Hmmmmm, this is quite interesting,” and it forgets about that information because it isn't immediately relatable.
You feel excited by whatever information you learn and it further expands your conscious awareness without altering your unconscious programming.So your behaviour remains the same before and after reading the book or attending that expository masterclass.This proves the fact that you cannot become a changed person overnight.
However, you can reprogram your unconscious mind to have the same levels of values, beliefs, desires and wishes as your conscious mind.When both levels of consciousness converge with the same vision, you can attract the exact outcomes you want.In order to manifest the change you read about, you have to teach your unconscious mind what your conscious mind now knows.The conscious mind is the seat of your consciousness, that's who you are.We are not our behaviour, our actions only show what we've been through not who we are.
The unconscious mind is a lousy machine which replays programs to confirm our past experiences.The unconscious mind cannot process information mechanically, it automatically filters bits that confirm what is already stored.This is the reason why you cannot self talk yourself to change.The unconscious mind communicates in programs, whatever command you give it merely initiates an existing program.If there is no installed program with the behaviour you wish to display, you will end up falling back to the old pattern.It is like repeating to yourself loudly, "Don't think about a yellow car." It is totally counter-intuitive.You have to change the existing program first.
In the first 10 years of our lives, it was easy to accept everything we saw, heard, felt or learnt because the brain at this stage is in a low vibrational frequency.As we grow older, our vibrational frequency increases - coupled with the noise and stress of day to day routine.It is impossible to learn something new unconsciously at this level of vibration because the mind is already battling with information overload (2 million bits of information bombarded daily).Except we intentionally lower our vibration, we cannot download the concept which we are already familiar with at the conscious level.This can be done through Hypnosis. Hypnosis is more about imagination and less about manipulation or hallucination.Hypnosis is often infused by speech or music.During hypnosis, the mind blends the imaginative world with reality as it cannot differentiate between both.A lot of people get sceptical when it comes to hypnosis.They want to remain 'alert' and in control.
The truth is, everyone is in some sort of trance so why not maximize that state for the better.Neuro scientists assert that there are three major brain waves that pass and process information to the mind.They include Delta (a state during sleep), Theta (a state during imagination or hypnosis) and Alpha (a state of consciousness).Above Alpha is Beta during which we become hyperaware of everything around us.Just before you sleep and few minutes after you wake up, your mind goes through the Theta state which is responsible for dreaming.At this time, the unconscious mind is open to receive anything you ruminate on.
The unconscious mind processes all information during sleep so this is the right time to introduce the behaviour you want to manifest.Read a chapter of that great book on self development before you go to bed or listen to an awesome podcast on self disciple as soon as you wake up, and it will slowly become enclosed in a habit.The problem with knowing something consciously is that with time you will drop it for something else that supports the program running in your unconscious mind - even if it is disempowering.The mind exists to match programs with reality.Repeating the opposite of what's true at the unconscious level would create situations for it to become true for you.The unconscious mind creates a behavior in coherence with our interpretation of the recorded experiences.
The behaviour will always be coherent with the program and that result will be played 95% of the day.The mind works to merge your psychology with your biology to manifest an expression of your program in reality.The conscious mind has 5% control and that's not enough positivity to combat 95% of contradiction from your unconscious programming.A disempowering program on replay will end up sabotaging you.Willing yourself to always think positive is good, but teaching your mind an empowering program is better.There are few places  to get the kind of learning that empowers you as teachers and school owners  to understand this in-depth in an easier to understand and execute format. Avail yourself the opportunity to immerse in capacity building of many sorts that can profoundly change your perception about teaching and running of schools. Most contemporary issues being faced these days in our schools are not usually taught in the teacher training institutes. Instead, incidental education provides a lot of these imperatives. Get a copy of this compendium and read.

I honour you all.

Ola-Alani Eniola
Lecturer,Faculty of Education,
University of Ilorin & Coordinator, Osun State Chapter,ANPEIN

A field examination was directed at the trial field of Kerala Agricultural University during March to May 2014; this study explored the Allelopathic possibilities of Acacia auriculiformis on the seed germination and seedling development of rice (Oryza sativa L.). This trial examination was led in 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement based on CRD with five treatments. Rhizosphere soil and top soil were gathered from the woodlots and 3-5 year old Acacia stand separately, though, fresh acacia leaves were utilized for inundating field soil with cold extract and field soil mulched with dry leaves of acacia embrace five treatments. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, P = 0.05) uncovered that the treatments brought a respectable inhibition in the germination of rice seeds, the seedling shoot lengths and vigor index as compared to the control. However, there were no significant differences in the root length and dry matter weight of rice. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in field soil mulched with dry leaves of acacia with inhibition on the germination, seedling length, dry matter production and vigor index. Root length was more delicate to the treatments than seedling length. The results from this study firmly recommend that allelopathy may be a conceivable technique controlling the timing of rice germination and seedling formation.

Globally, unsafe drinking water, poor access to appropriate sanitation facilities and inadequate hand washing contribute significantly to childhood illness and death. Clean water, availability of toilets and good hygiene practices are essential for the survival and development of children. This paper examines the impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH )on the nutrition of children, the effect on child’s health and the best practices. It therefore recommends that local, state and national bodies’ capacity to develop and implement equitable and sensitive WASH policies, strategies and guidelines should be strengthened.

Keywords – Sanitation, appropriateness, health, best practices, national bodies, WASH.

Mango is the most important fruit crop of India’s western coast. Mango is commercially propagated by epicotyl
grafting. Presently, epicotyl grafts are prepared in 6” × 8” poly bags which restrict root growth and such grafts
take longer time for establishment in the field and growth is reduced. Hence, experiment was conducted for
optimizing the size of poly bag for cv. Alphonso and Kesar for vigorous growth of epicotyl grafts. The
investigation was undertaken in Randomized Block Design with four treatments viz. T1-10” × 14” bags
(Alphonso grafts), T2-10” × 14” bags (Kesar grafts), T3-6’’ × 8’’ bags (Alphonso grafts), T4-6’’ × 8’’ bags (Kesar
grafts) replicated five times with a unit of 200 grafts per treatment per replication. The sprouting and survival
percentage was not affected by size of bags. Among all the treatments, the larger size bags of T1 and T2 improved
the vigour of grafts remarkably by producing longer tap root, greater root spread and more number of secondary
roots with increased plant height, girth at collar, number of leaves per graft and plant spread over the small sized
bags in treatment T3 and T4. The RGR recorded in T1 and T2 was better than that of T3 and T4.

WELCOME SPEECH BY ANPEIN PRESIDENT, MR. FOWOWE, SIMEON SUNDAY, ON THE OCCASION OF ITS FIRST ROUNDTABLE CONFERENCE, HELD BETWEEN 1ST – 3RD NOVEMBER, 2018 @ ECO EVENT CENTRE MOKOLA B/STOP, EGBEDA LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. Protocols, _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Teaching is a challenging and rewarding profession and one of the few careers you can choose where you really can make a big difference to someone’s life – a difference that will stay with them forever. The first teacher to make a difference in my life was, Mrs. Oyedola, late now. She was a primary school teacher who taught me to read when others had failed. Where, I actually wonder, would I be now, if she had not been there to make a difference? At every level of your appointment as a teacher, be it-Nursery, Primary, Secondary or higher institutions, the concept of teaching for tomorrow should be your watchword. The children we teach today are the adults who will be determining our future and it is our responsibility to enable them make informed choices and to be in control of the technology they will use. Needless to remind the teachers that, the ideas we discuss with a class of children TODAY, may be modified in the future by new approaches or discoveries. We can not second-guess the future for the children we teach, but we can try to take an imaginative approach in our teaching and keep ourselves informed about how the present situation is changing. The life we live on this earth has never been static. As humans, we have always known and experienced CHANGES. Still, we have always adjusted to or adopted by changes. If changes have always been with us then, it is imperative as an ASSOCIATION to predict the likely classroom and school dynamics that our children may likely encounter. The changes today are occurring at break-neck speed which are profoundly affecting fundamental changes in our schools, the way teachers behave and teach, the way learners read and talk, the way questions are set and answered and the way schools assess, evaluate and even collect schools fees. ANPEIN roundtable conference this year 2018 therefore, presents a contemporary issue in our educational system – Designing the classroom of the future: issues, prospects and considerations, for three (3) days, where critical review of what becomes the future classroom of our nation will be discussed with a view to charting a future course that would align with best international practices. Day one will be for formal opening and keynote directions followed by presentation of other lead papers with a robust critique of all the presentations. Day 2 will continue with the roundtable on lessons on best practices from across the Boarders etc. Day 3, continues with roundtable and visits to idea schools to see, if available, all the components of future classroom and schools being discussed here. Same day, the communiqué and adoption of it will be done. Thereafter, certificate of attendance will be distributed to the participants. Apart from the keynote and lead papers, all other operations are going to be different from orthodox paper presentation style but instead, will focus on mainly a series of interactive roundtables followed by syndicate sessions for in-depth exploration of selected burning issues on the subject matter of the conference. May I challenge the participants to have the following as their focal points of expectation amongst others things being envisaged. The dynamics of our school/classroom: • Digital pedagogical tools for 21st century teachers/learner • Identification and remediation of special needs children. • How to establish schools in the current dispensation • Debt recovery mechanism in the 21st century • Parental roles in the current dispensation. • The status of Primary six and SS 3 classes in the current dispensation • Professional development of teachers and school administrators, etc. At this juncture, I will like to give a brief to the establishment of ANPEIN for those willing to join. ANPEIN was established in 2016 to build a working relationship and network with the leading academics, international partners, NGOs, science and ICT professionals and exemplary classroom researchers that are willing to support professional caregivers, teachers and lecturers in discharging their duties in terms of teaching, researches about child’s education and protection. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS 1) ANPEIN believes that the equation is simple for the rights of the children to be guaranteed and that education is the most basic insurance against poverty, ignorance and stagnancy. Education represents opportunity to survive, live a meaningful life. At all ages, it empowers people with the knowledge, skills and confidence they need to shape a better children. 2) The basic goal of the association for Nursery and Primary Education instructors (ANPEIN) is Research, the application & implementation of research findings regarding children in…