Initial Period Peru

This volume contains the following articles, research reports, and obituaries: "Betty Jane Meggers (December 5, 1921-July 2, 2012)" by Monica Barnes; "Reminiscences of a Stalwart Adversary" by Robert L. Carneiro; Betty Meggers: Her later Years" by William I. Woods; " "Bibliography of Works by and About Betty Jane Meggers"; "Alberto Rex Gonzalez (November 16, 1918-March 28, 2012)" by Luis Alberto Borrero; "Duccio Bonavia Berber (March 27, 1935-August 4, 2012)" by Ramiro Matos Mendieta; "Daniel Edward Shea (November 5, 1941-June 19, 2012)" by Mario A. Rivera; "Feasts and Offerings in Arcopata, Cusco" by Carlos Delgado Gonzalez; "Dating the Wari Remains at Espiritu Pampa (Vilcabamba Cusco)" by Javier Fonseca Santa Cruz and Brian S. Bauer; "The Waywaka Gold: New Chronometric Evidence" by Joel W. Grossman; "Social Differentiation as Indicated by Archaeological Data from Late Moche Households at Galindo, Moche Valley, Peru" by Gregory D. Lockard; "The Domestic Occupation of Campanayuq Rumi: Implications for Understanding the Initial Period and Early Horizon of the South-Central Andes of Peru" by Yuichi Matsumoto, Yuri Cavero Palomino, and Roy Guiterrez Silva; "Regionalism in Nasca Style History" by Patrick H. Carmichael; "Environmental Catastrophe and the Archaeological Record: Complexities of Volcanism, Floods, and Farming in South Coastal Peru, A.D. 1200-1700" by Gregory Zaro, Kenneth C. Nystrom, and David K. Keefer; "Exchange and Ritual Funerary Consumption: Late Marine Hunter-Gatherers of the Taltal Coast (Atacama Desert, Northern Chile)" by Nicole Fuenzalida B. and Francisco Gallando I.; "A Low Status Late Intermediate Period Offering Pit in Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru" by Joel W. Grossman; "John L. Cotter's Excavations at Huanuco Pampa and his Role in the Regional Survey (1964)" by Monica Barnes; The Pukara de Aconquija: Recent Research Including Two New Radiocarbon Dates" by Claudio Javier Patane Araoz.

This volume contains the following articles, research reports, and obituaries: "Earl Henry Lubensky (March 31, 1921 - May 1, 2009)" by Deborah M. Pearsall; "Juan (Hans) Santiago Rene Schobinger (February 18, 1928 - July 11, 2009)" by Constanza Ceruti; "A Changing Society? Craft Specialization and Complementarity Systems during the Formative Period in the Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia" by Olga U. Gabelmann; "Moche Architectural Vessels: Small Structures Big Implications" by Juliet Wiersema; "The Well and the Huaca: Ceremony, Chronology, and Culture Change at Huaca Cao Viejo, Chicama Valley, Peru" by Jeffrey Quilter, Regulo Franco J., Cesar Galvez M., William Doonan, Catherine Gaither, Victor F. Vasquez S., Teresa E. Rosales T., Jaime Jimenez S., Hal Starratt, and Michele L. Koons; "Adobe Bricks and Labor Organization on the North Coast of Peru" by Howard I. Tsai; "A Bioarchaeological Study of Coca Use and Coca Leaf Chewing at Puruchuco-Huaquerones, Peru" by Melissa S. Murphy and Maria Fernanda Boza; "The Destruction of the Yurac Rumi Shrine (Vilcabamba, Cusco Department)" by Brian S. Bauer, Miriam Dayde Araoz Silva, and George S. Burr; "Inca Storage and Accounting Facilities at Pachacamac" by Peter Eeckhout; "Regional Associations and a Ceramic Assemblage from the Fourteenth Century Llanos de Mojos" by John H. Walker; "Recent Excavations at the Late Intermediate Period Village of Yanaorco in the Cajamarca Highlands" by Jason L. Toohy; "A Colonial Human Burial Excavated in 1965 between Portals 5 and 6 at Huanuco Pampa" by Monica Barnes, Catherine Gaither, Robert A. Benfer, Jr., and Daniel Shea; "Mitomarca: A Possible Fortification in the Upper Huallaga Basin" by Yuichi Matsumoto, Jason S. Nesbitt, and Denesy Palacio J.; "An Initial Period Domestic Occupation at Huaca Cortada, Caballo Muerto Complex" by Jason S. Nesbitt; "Marine Exploitation and Paleoenvironment as Viewed through Molluscan Resources at the Early Horizon Center of Huambacho, Nepena Valley, Coastal Ancash" by David Chicoine and Carol Rojas; "Architecture in the Coastal Desert" by Simon Urbina A., Leonor Adan A., and Estefania Vidal M.; "La Bolsa 1 Site, Tafi Valley, Tucuman Province: Household Mortuary Practices in a South Andean Village (First Millennium A.D.)" by Julian Salazar.

Apart from the materials and archaeological contexts excavated at Hacha in the Acarí Valley, until now evidence for the Initial Period along the southern coast of Perú were limited to some isolated findings that lacked well-defined contexts, e.g. from sites like Erizo in the Ica Valley, Mastdonte in the pampa of Villacurí (Ica) and Disco Verde on the Paracas Peninsula. There were no reported findings from the Río Grande of Nasca region. Only very recently, with the development of the Nasca-Palpa Archaeological Project, were sites and evidence for the Initial Period in the Palpa Valleys encountered. These provide new insights into and new perspectives on the process of cultural development for this part of the south coast. In this paper we present and discuss the numerous finds and findings of the Initial Period that have been recovered in the excavations at Pernil Alto, which include architectural structures, ceramics and other associated materials. The analysis of these findings indicates that already in this moment in time the conditions for the stable and permanent development of the populations settling in the Río Grande drainage were given. Twenty radiocarbon dates confirm the chronological position of the contexts excavated in Pernil Alto.

Objective
This study was undertaken to identify pathological conditions within the population living at Atalla (1000-500 BCE), an important early village site and ritual center located in Huancavelica, Peru.

Materials
Articulated burials (N = 3) and commingled human remains excavated during the 2015 and 2016 field seasons.

Methods
Osteological remains were analyzed for macroscopic evidence of pathological changes.

Results
A case of bilateral proximal radioulnar fusion was observed in an Early Horizon (ca. 800 BCE) subadult skeleton (Individual 1). A differential diagnosis of this pathology supports congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS), a rare developmental condition. Enamel hypoplasia was also identified in the same individual.

Conclusions
Burial treatment of Individual 1 does not provide any indication that CRUS was afforded an exceptional social significance.

Contribution to Paleopathology
This example of CRUS is notable as it represents the second published archaeological case of CRUS from Peru and the earliest reported case globally.

Limitations of this Study
The osteological sample currently available from this site is limited.

Suggestions for Future Research
Increased fieldwork in this region is recommended to further clarify the distribution and social significance of CRUS in the prehistoric Andes.

Resumen
Objetivo
Este estudio se llevó a cabo para identificar condiciones patológicas dentro de la población antigua de Atalla (1000-500 a.C.), un sitio importante de una aldea temprana y centro ritual ubicado en Huancavelica, Perú.

Materiales
Restos humanos articulados (N = 3) y mezclados excavados durante las temporadas de campo 2015 y 2016.

Métodos
Se analizaron los restos osteológicos en búsqueda de evidencia macroscópica de cambios patológicos.

Resultados
Se observó un caso de fusión radiocubital proximal bilateral en un esqueleto sub-adulto del Horizonte Temprano (ca. 800 a.C.). Un diagnóstico diferencial de esta patología respalda la sinostosis radiocubital congénita (CRUS), una condición de desarrollo rara. La hipoplasia del esmalte también se identificó en el mismo individuo.

Conclusiones
El tratamiento del entierro del Individuo 1 no proporciona indicación alguna de que CRUS haya tenido un relevancia social excepcional.

Importancia
Este ejemplo de CRUS es notable ya que representa el segundo caso arqueológico publicado de esta anomalía congénita registrada en todo el Perú y por ser el caso más temprano reportado a nivel mundial.

Limitaciones de este estudio
La muestra osteológica actualmente disponible en este sitio es limitada.

Sugerencias para futuras investigaciones
Se recomienda investigaciones adicionales en esta región para aclarar aún más la distribución y la importancia social de CRUS en los Andes prehistóricos.