Export Performance

Within a globalized scientific community, sciences are changing to worldwide perspectives and multidisciplinary approaches. The authors of this book illustrate this trend by looking at different study areas of the social sciences. They pay attention to economic developments in the context of globalization such as industry 4.0, new manufacturing methods, socio-technical modeling, cloud technology and accounting, international taxation, and financial literacy. Furthermore, the collection of articles covers issues of communication, media, and women's studies.

The main objectives of this study are to identify and analyze variables that have an impact on the export performances of seven East African countries and suggest practical solutions to improve export performance in East Africa. Using data from the World Development Indicators database we conducted panel data analysis for the period of 1990-2014. Empirical results show that labor force, industrialization, foreign direct investment, and exchange rate have a positive impact on export value. On the other hand, inflation has a negative impact on export performance while GDP growth is the only variable that does not affect the export value of East African countries. Finally, we suggest some recommendations, including the need of replacing agricultural exports with industrial export, improving infrastructural facilities as well as the quality of human capital, and the need for policies for attracting international investors.

La performance à l’export de la PME suscite un intérêt croissant en marketing d’exportation. Les travaux récents intègrent diverses dimensions internes considérées comme cruciales pour la réussite des PME des PME à l’export. La présente recherche intègre, dans un modèle conceptuel et analyse au moyen d’une modélisation par équations structurelles, l’impact des caractéristiques de la PME sur la stratégie marketing et la performance à l’export telles que perçues par ses dirigeants. Les résultats montrent l’absence d’effet des avantages organisationnels, des obstacles internes et de l'âge de l'entreprise sur l'adaptation de l'adaptation de la stratégie marketing. Les avantages technologiques ont par contre un effet positif sur l’adaptation de la stratégie marketing qui agit sur la performance à l’export.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the joint impact of external factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as export promotion programmes (EPPs), which encompass trade mobility-, information-, education-, and training-related programmes, and internal factors of SMEs, which encompass export-related resources, preceding-year export performance, and its impact on current-period export performance. The study tests their relationship with structural equation modelling using a random sample of 95 exporting SMEs in an emerging economy, Peru. The results indicate that experiential knowledge provided by trade mobility-related programmes and export performance of the preceding year positively influence the resources of SMEs oriented towards export activity as well as current export performance. Moreover, the results highlight the need to review the efficacy and design of EPPs, acknowledging the available resources of SMEs as well as the internationalisation theories of the firm, in order to enhance their influence on the international development and export performance of SMEs. Finally, the study has extended the knowledge about emerging economies by showing the role EPPs play in SMEs' export performance. JEL codes F23 · L38 · M16 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Carlos Carrillo C. and Jean Pierre Bolaños for their support in the development of this study. Also, special thanks to the guest editors of this special issue, Alain Fayolle, Francisco Liñán and Justin Paul and the two anonymous reviewers who made helpful and valuable comments to greatly improve the quality this paper.

In this research, the authors extend a contingency perspective of international marketing in an exporting context by considering how internal and external forces of the firm explain adaptation of the marketing mix in export markets. The impact of marketing strategy adaptation and past performance satisfaction on current period satisfaction with performance is also considered. A survey of over 500 export

Despite the recent increase in'born-global'studies, there has been little research on how the scale and scope of being a born-global firm affects performance: most of the earlier research takes no account either the number of or the distances between the countries on firm or ...

This paper presents a comparative study of the export performance of U.S. and Canadian small and medium-sized exporters. A parsimonious model is developed drawing on the resource-based theory of the firm, with three sets of resources, namely firm size, enterprise, and technological intensity. These key resources are good predictors of the export strategy of a firm. Export strategy is modeled as degree of internationalization, and its effect on the overall firm performance is studied using firm-level performance measures. LISREL's multiple group analysis feature is used in the analysis to test the model. The results confirm the validity of the model across the two data sets.

... focus on formal cooperation and virtually ignore informal cooperation and its role in knowledge ... In the literature, terms such as collaborative/cooperative arrangements, clusters/networks, and strategic ... However, the general consensus is that cooperation is a process by which ...

Contribution of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in global export is becoming significant but still a large number of these are unable to outperform in international market. In this study, we have identified and classified the firm-level controllable determinants of export ...

Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to understand the antecedents of export performance at the firm level.
Building on agency theory but taking into account emerging market settings and institutional
differences, the authors investigate how the board composition determines the export competitiveness
of the firms operating in an emerging country from the point of view of corporate governance
mechanisms.
Design/methodology/approach – Using data from 221 exporting firms for four years (2007-2010),
the authors find that there is a significantly positive relationship between board size and all measures
of export performance, while a higher presence of outside directors on the board is negatively associated
with export performance, consistently with expectations. The separation of chairman of board of
directors and chief executive officer (CEO) positions has significantly positive impact on export
performance. On the other hand, the authors find no support for the position that inside director
professional representation neither reduce nor increase all measures of export performance of firms. In
other words, the convergence with Western practices and consistently with agency theory’s claims is
evident for both board size and CEO duality. However, the effects of inside professional and outside
directors are no consistent with agency theorists’ expectations.
Findings – Using data from 221 exporting firms for four years (2007-2010), the authors find that there
is a significantly positive relationship between board size and all measures of export performance, while
a higher presence of outside directors on the board is a negatively associated with export performance,
consistently with expectations. The separation of chairman of board of directors and CEO positions has
significantly positive impact on export performance. On the other hand, the authors find no support for
the position that inside director professional representation neither reduce nor increase all measures of
export performance of firms. In other words, the convergence with Western practices and consistently
with agency theory’s claims is evident for both board size and CEO duality. However, the effects of
inside professional and outside directors are no consistent with agency theorists’ expectations.
Research limitations/implications – Export performance is one of the most widely researched
areas within international marketing research but least reached topic of management. However,
exporting continues to be an important mode of internationalization for multinational companies, especially operating an emerging economy. This study is one of the first studies on the impact of
governance factors such as board structure on only export performance rather than overall (firm)
performance in light of international management. In other words, the study of the determinants of
exports in the context of an emerging economy is an important contribution to the literature, given that
our understanding of how the board composition determines the export competitiveness from the point
of view of firms operating in an emerging country such as Turkey. Moreover, this research investigates
this relationship at objective export performance dimensions using primary data set from listed and
non-listed export firms.
Practical implications – The current study offered in-depth information to multinational companies
that aim to gain a competitive exporting advantage in Turkey. Further, the results of this study give
managers an opportunity to see the reasons behind the success of the exporting firms from the point of
view of corporate governance mechanism.
Originality/value – In this paper, the authors contribute to this recent stream of research providing
evidence on the effects of governance mechanism on the export performance from the point of view of
emerging countries. Building on agency theory but taking into account emerging market settings and
institutional differences, and international management, the authors provide a new framework that
models the linkages between board composition and export performance. This work helps us to gain a
deeper understanding of how board dynamics contribute to the internalization of firms. Research in this
area has been sparse, although some studies have linked governance with export intensity. In this effort,
the authors differentiate from previous studies in several ways.
Keywords Internationalization, Export performance, Board composition, Board size, CEO duality
Paper type Research paper

Considering the economic situation in Germany, the adjustment process has come to a standstill leaving persistent difierences between West and East. This paper refers to this context analyzing the export behavior comparing flrms in West and East Germany. Our estimates conflrm a strong relationship between innovations and export performance as well as structural difierences between East and West German flrms.

Countless determinants of export success that are supposed to help managers reduce the failure rates of export ventures have been identified. Despite this abundance of studies, however, little is known about the determinants of the internationalization success of services. In this paper, based on prior studies focusing primarily on manufactured goods and the key characteristics distinguishing services from goods, a