Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma

Vitamin B17 (VB17), also known as amygdalin and laetrile, is a type of carbohydrate occurring naturally in many plants, such as apricot kernels which have obtained a great interest in cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the hepatic protective potential of VB17 against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice-induced liver injury, DNA damage, apoptotic P53, and PCNA alterations. A total of 100 female mice were divided into 5 groups (1st group, control group; 2nd group, VB17 group; 3rd group, EAC group; 4th group, pre-treated EAC with VB17; 5th group, co-treated EAC with VB17). Results showed that the presence of VB17 in pre-treated and co-treated groups lead to decreased DNA damage, microsomal protein, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AST, ALT, and ALP while showed increased cytochrome b5, cytochrome P450 amidopyrine N-demethylase, and aniline 4-hydroxylase compared with the EAC group. Many histopathological changes were observed in liver sections in EAC as moderate fibrosis and marked diffuse necrosis of hepatic tissue, marked inflammatory cells, and congested blood sinusoids. On the other hand, there was a moderate degree of improvement in hepatocytes in liver sections in pre-treated VB17+EAC, while a mild degree of improvement in hepatocytes, moderate cellular infiltrations, and moderate cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes in liver sections in co-treated EAC+VB17. In addition, there was a depletion in hepatic P53 and PCNA protein expression compared with the EAC group. It could be concluded that VB17 has a potential hepatopro-tective effect against EAC cell-induced liver toxicity.

To evaluate the anti-cancer effect of Casuarina equisetifolia Lin. Leaf Methanolic extract against
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Induced Cancer in Mice. 60 Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n
= 12). All the animals in each groups except Group-I, received EAC cells (2×106 cells/mouse i.p.). This
was taken as day ‘0’. Group-01 Received 2% acacia (10ml/kg/p.o.), Group-02 served as EAC control. 24-
h after EAC transplantation, Group-03 received reference drug 5 Fluorouracil (20 mg/kg i.p) (Dabur) for
nine consecutive days. Group-04 and Group-5 received MALCEL by oral rout for nine consecutive days
respectively. Twenty-four hours of last dose and 18 h of fasting, 6 animals of each group were sacrificed
by cervical dislocation to measure antitumor, hematological and biochemical parameters, the rest were
kept with food and water ad libitum to check mean survival time and percentage increase in life span of
the tumor host.
Short term cytotoxic study was performed with MALCEL, MALCEL shows significant cytotoxic
activity. Based on cytotoxic activity in vivo antitumor model on EAC cell has been conducted. The effect
of MALCEL and standard drug on hematological parameters such as Hemoglobin content, RBC Count,
WBC Count was determined in EAC treated mice. All the hematological profiles were altered in EAC
bearing mice from the normal values. Hemoglobin content and RBC count significantly decreased and
total WBC count increased in EAC treated mice. Whereas 400 and 200 mg/kg b.w. dose of MALCEL
significantly increase the hemoglobin content and RBC count and significantly reduce WBC count in EAC
bearing mice compared with EAC control mice.
Treatment with MALCEL restores the altered hemoglobin (Hb) content, RBC and WBC count more
or less equal to normal levels. These results indicate that MALCEL possess protective action on the
hemopoietic system.
Key Words: Anti cancer, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, chemotherapy, Casuarina equisetifolia

Back ground: Cancer has emerged as the second largest killer disease in the world and mortality rates for solid tumors remain unchanged. Therefore there is need to screen, new remedies to treat cancer. Materials and methods: The antineoplastic activity of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (ASE) was studied in Swiss albino mice, transplanted with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells (EAC) in its peritoneal cavity. The effect of ASE injected at different stages of tumor development was evaluated by studying tumor free survivors. In another study EAC cells were treated with Echitamine Chloride (ECL) in vitro and transplanted back into mice and tumor free survivors determined. The glutathione and lipid peroxidation were also measured after ASE treatment. Results: The daily administration of ASE in tumor bearing mice caused a dose-dependent remission of tumor, and highest regression was observed at 480 mg/kg b. wt. this dose showed some toxic effects and next lower dose i.e. 420 mg/kg was considered as the suitable dose, where 33.33% of the animals survived up to 120 days post-tumor-cell inoculation, as against no survivors in the saline treated control and positive cyclophosphamide treated groups. The ASE caused a dose-dependent elevation in the median survival time (MST) and average survival time (AST), causing a corresponding increase in the median life span (IMLS) and average life span (IALS) of experimental animals. Treatment of EAC mice with 420 mg/kg ASE also retarded tumor development even during the late stages of tumor development, while cyclophosphamide was completely ineffective. The in vitro treatment of EAC cells with ASE or ECL and their transplantation in mice showed that ASE treatment was more potent than ECL treatment as evident by increased MST and AST in the former when compared with the latter. Assay of glutathione and lipid peroxidation after 240, 420 mg/kg ASE or 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide led to a decline in glutathione contents and increase in lipid peroxidation. Conclusions: Our study shows that ASE treatment kills the tumor cells effectively increasing long-term disease free survival of experimental mice, which may be due to reduced glutathione and increased lipid peroxidation.

Background and Aim: The major conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have anticancer effect, especially breast cancer cells, inhibits cell growth and induces cell death. Also, CLA has several health benefits in vivo, including antiatherogenesis, antiobesity, and modulation of immune function. The present study aimed to assess the safety and anticancer effects of milk fat CLA against in vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in female Swiss albino mice. This was based on acute toxicity study, detection of the tumor growth, life span of EAC bearing hosts, and simultaneous alterations in the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty adult female mice were equally divided into five groups. Groups (1-2) were normal controls, and Groups (3-5) were tumor transplanted mice (TTM) inoculated intraperitoneally with EAC cells (2×106/0.2 mL). Group (3) was (TTM positive control). Group (4) TTM fed orally on balanced diet supplemented with milk fat CLA (40 mg CLA/kg body weight). Group (5) TTM fed orally on balanced diet supplemented with the same level of CLA 28 days before tumor cells inoculation. Blood samples and specimens from liver and kidney were collected from each group. The effect of milk fat CLA on the growth of tumor, life span of TTM, and simultaneous alterations in the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles were examined.

Results: For CLA treated TTM, significant decrease in tumor weight, ascetic volume, viable Ehrlich cells accompanied with increase in life span were observed. Hematological and biochemical profiles reverted to more or less normal levels and histopathology showed minimal effects.

Conclusion: The present study proved the safety and anticancer efficiency of milk fat CLA and provides a scientific basis for its medicinal use as anticancer attributable to the additive or synergistic effects of its isomers.

A novel biosynthesis of dual reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites (rGO/AgNC) using the crude metabolite of Escherichia coli D8 (MF06257) strain and sunlight is introduced in this work. Physicochemical analysis of these rGO/ AgNC revealed that they are sheet-like structures having spherically shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average particle size of 8 to 17 nm, and their absorption peak ranged from 350 to 450 nm. The biosynthesized rGO/AgNC were characterized by UV-vis and FT-IR spectra, X-ray diffraction, Zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. After the injection of these nanocomposites to mice, their uptake by the kidney and liver has been proven by the ultrastructural observation and estimation of the hepatic and renal silver content. These nanocomposites caused a moderate toxicity for both organs. Changes in the liver and kidney functions and histopathological effects had been observed. The rGO/AgNC revealed a remarkable antitumor effect. They showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro. Treatment of mice bearing EAC tumors intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg rGO/AgNC showed an antiproliferative effect on EAC cells, reduced ascites volume, and maintained mice survival. The results indicate that this green synergy of silver nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide may have a promising potential in cancer therapy.