Effective Microorganisms

In this study, the effect of introducing different amounts of EM-Bokashi into the growing medium of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana was evaluated (Figure 1) to determine whether this organic soil is able to improve the growth and flowering of these succulents. The five experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without beneficial EM-Bokashi; ii) group with 5% EM-Bokashi; iii) group with 10% EM-Bokashi; iv) group with 15% EM-Bokashi; v) group with 20% EM-Bokashi. All plants treated with EM-Bokashi showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed compared to the untreated control. The results show that the addition of Bokashi to the growing medium of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana can improve plant quality, in particular agronomic and physiological characteristics and increased nutrient and water uptake. The analytical results lead to the following conclusions: i) the addition of already 5% Bokashi to the growing medium can bring significant improvements to the cultivation of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana; ii) significant improvements in terms of plant and root biomass will stabilise for amounts of Bokashi in excess of 10% in the substrate; iii) EM-Bokashi significantly improves plant nutrient and water uptake; iv) plants treated with Bokashi photosynthesize and have a higher chlorophyll content and are more efficient in the use of water; v) the qualitative and physiological improvement of plants is probably determined by the presence of beneficial bacteria in the Bokashi soil conditioner, which stimulate plants and increase nutrient uptake.

Attention organic gardeners, eco farmers and beekeepers: Effective Microorganisms notably increase bee colonies productivity, as proved by my friend, beekeeper from Serbia: https://ecominded.net/bacteria-help-bees - please share his article with your friends!

Abstract
Effective Microorganisms (EM), a culture of coexisting beneficial microorganism predominantly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, fermenting fungi and actinomycetes that are claimed to enhance microbial turnover in soil and thus known increase soil macronutrients and increases plant growth and yield, and treatment of sewages or effluents. In the present study the EM formulation was evaluated for reduction of odors, Total Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Industrial Wastewater, in the sugar industry in both Cane and Beet seasons, under standard condition. All the parameters that were tested showed a distinct reduction. But by the time and continue adding of EM, the turbidity also decreased dramatically during the first 15 days, and then increased again to reach the double of its started value due to the increased population of bacteria and  yeast. No changes in some parameters were recorded. The results of the study show that EM has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatment of the factory effluent.
Keywords: Effective Microorganism, Industrial Wastewater treatment, Sugar factory effluent.

Effective microorganism technology has been used in the fields of agriculture and forestry recently. This technology is totally natural and environmentally friendly. BAIKAL EM1, a product of this technology, includes the photosynthetic lactic acid bacteria, ferments and products that are formed by the metabolism activities of these ferments and bacteria (enzymes, vitamins etc.) This microbiological fertilizer has a positive effect in growing plants; to their development and metabolism.

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with

Microbial Inoculants as Effective Microorganisms (EM) were applied to find out their effects on germination and seedling growth of Albizia saman in the nursery. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soils and cow dung (3:1) kept in polybags. The EM solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) was incorporated before and after a week of sowing seeds. Germination and physical growth parameters, including shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment over the control were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the estimation of chemical parameters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. Both germination and the measured physical growth parameters were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in seedlings treated with different concentrations of EM solution in comparison to the control. Maximum growth was found at 2% foll...

The aim of the study was to investigate how effective microorganisms (EM) affect the quality and growth of onions cvs "Dorata di Bologna", "Lunga di Firenze", "Bianca Musona", "Rossa di Tropea". An experiment was carried out with 2 treatments: 1) soil inoculated with EM microorganisms; 2) soil without EM microorganisms (control). The test showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed in the plants treated with Effective microorganisms. In fact, all the onions of the different varieties, treated with EM microorganisms, showed a significant increase in bulbs weight, bulbs diameter, bulbs length and root weight. There is also an increase in radical growth in the theses with Effective Microorganisms, an aspect confirmed in other experiments in vegetable and ornamental crops. Increased root growth results in improved resistance to water and transplant stress and a higher supply of nutrients to the plant, which consequently grows better. It is therefore clear from the evidence that the use of this selection of microorganisms, inoculated into the soil, can significantly improve the quality of onions bulbs.

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing sweet melon (Cucumis melo
var. aegyptiacus L.) production and quality. Therefore, the identification or development of
tolerant genotypes is of high importance for incorporating in sweet melon production.
Hence, two field experiments were conducted in a clay loam soil at Baramoon
Experimental Farm, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two summer seasons of 2009
and 2010, to evaluate five sweet melon cultivars (Shahd El-Dokki, Ananas El-Dokki,
Ismaelawi, Kahera-6 improved, Albasosi) under regular irrigation and stress conditions
using a split plot design with three replicates. Drought conditions were started after first
irrigation and created by reducing the frequency of irrigation by one half compared with
regularly irrigated plants, i.e., missing alternate irrigation. Results indicated that exposing
the sweet melon cultivars to water stress led to significant decreases in fruit weight, fruit
length, fruit width, flesh fruit thickness, total yield per plant and Leaf relative water content
in both seasons. Whereas, water deficit caused significant increases in total soluble solids
in both seasons. The tested cultivars markedly varied among them in all estimated
characters in both seasons. The interaction between irrigation levels and cultivars had
significant effects on all traits under study. Cultivars with the highest yield and yield
components under non-stress conditions had the highest yield and yield components
under stress conditions, and this was true in both seasons. On the basis of the drought
resistance indices (drought susceptibility index, relative yield reduction and relative yield
values), Kahera-6 improved was relatively stress susceptible, whereas Albasosi was more
tolerant and stable cultivar so; this cultivar could be further tested for their drought
confirming characteristics

The aim of this work was to develop an organic and sustainable cultivation protocol, based on the use of microbial biofertilizers (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Trichoderma spp., arbuscular mycorrhizae and biostimulant algae) able to improve the growth and quality of Aloe barbadensis Miller plants. The experimental trial at CREA-OF in Pescia showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed on Aloe barbadensis Miller plants treated with microbial and algae-based biofertilizers. In particular, there was a significant improvement in the number of leaves per plant, new shoots, vegetative fresh weight, root weight and gel weight. On the leaves in the treated theses, there was a significant increase in leaf length and width and an improvement in gel quality (optical density). The trial also showed a significant improvement in soluble solids, sugars and fibre content in the theses inoculated with microbial products and a significant increase in fructose, glucose, proline and aloin. These improvements in plant growth following the use of microbial biofertilizers and algae have also been found in previous trials in other vegetables and ornamental crops, but few trials have been carried out with Aloe. The application of symbiotic microorganisms in agricultural operations can therefore ensure higher production standards, with a possible improvement in the agronomic quality of the plants, while also reducing the use of water and fertilizers. This experiment may be of particular interest to farms that want to focus on the production of ornamental and fruit cacti and succulents under organic farming methods.

Natural Zeolites are a mineral family composed by 54 different species chemically defined as "hydrated allumino-silicates of alkaline and alkaline earth elements" and structurally belonging to the tectosilicates. Due to their crystal chemistry, zeolites show physical-chemical peculiarities such as high and selective cation exchange capacity (CEC), reversible dehydration, selective molecular absorption, and catalytic behaviour. Therefore, rocks containing more than 50% of zeolites (zeolitites) are widely and profitably utilized in the purification of municipal, zootech-nical and industrial wastewaters, as additive in animal nutrition, agriculture and floriculture. Moreover, concerning microorganisms, Effective microorganisms (EM) comprises of live cultures of microorganisms isolated from fertile soils in nature that are useful during crop production. EM has been found to increase seed germination, vigour, early fruiting and the number of fruits in different species. In this paper we describe a test carried out at the experimental greenhouses of Crea-Viv, was evaluated the possibility of using the zeolitite and EM mixed to the substrate, for to increase the olive plants quality. The test showed a larger percentage of rooting of cuttings placed in zeolitite and EM, compared to those in pumice-stone, with a level of root growth significantly increased. These data highlight some of the positive effects that the zeolitite and symbiotic microorganisms, might make once used in the rooting of cuttings of olive trees, but also in growth substrates. riAssunto: D. Prisa, Zeolitite-chabasite italiana e microrganismi ef-fettivi per il miglioramento qualitativo degli alberi di olivo. Le Zeoliti naturali sono una famiglia di minerali composta da 54 specie chimicamente definibili come silicati alluminici idratati di terreni alcalini e strutturalmente appartenenti ai tectosilicati. Per la loro chimi-ca cristallina, le zeolititi si caratterizzano per proprieta' fisico-chimiche come l'alta selettività e capacità di scambio cationico (CSC), disidrata-zione reversibile, assorbimento molecolare selettivo e comportamento catalitico. Pertanto, rocce contenenti più del 50% delle zeoliti (zeolititi) sono ampiamente e proficuamente utilizzati nella purificazione di acque di scarico urbane, o per usi zootecnici ed industriali, come additivo per mangimi per gli animali, in agricoltura e in floricoltura. In relazione alla classe di microorgarnismi, i microorganismi effet-tivi (EM) comprendono delle colture vive di microrganismi isolati da terreni fertili che possono essere utilizzati nella produzione di colture. Gli EM sono stati usati per aumentare la germinazione dei semi, la vigo-ria, precocita' di fruttificazione e il numero di frutti prodotti in diverse specie. Nelle prove effettuate presso le serre sperimentali del Crea-Viv, è stata valutata la possibilità di utilizzare la zeolitite e i microorganismi EM miscelati al substrato, al fine di aumentare la qualità delle piante di olivo. Il test ha dimostrato una maggiore percentuale di radicazione delle talee di olivo nella miscela zeolitite e EM, rispetto a quelle torba e pomice. Si sono riscontrati livelli di crescita delle radici significativamente aumen-tati. Questi dati evidenziano alcuni degli effetti positivi che la zeolitite e i microrganismi simbionti, possono produrre quando sono utilizzati per la radicazione delle talee degli olivi, ma anche per ottenere effetti benefici nei substrati di crescita.

Pigweed (Amaranthus dubians) plants grow widely in many parts of the world. It is a very popular indigenous wild vegetable and is usually utilized by many communities as a nutritional additive. Pigweed is becoming very popular nowadays because of its high nutritive value and simple growth habits. However there is very little information about growth of this plant, using effective microorganisms, thus this study is designed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of effective microorganism on growth and yield of pigweed. The experiment was performed in five liter pots representing various conditions in the field. It comprised of four treatments, replicated, five times and arranged in a complete randomized design. One set of the treatments consisted of soil collected from the field, while the other treatments consisted of soil and organic manure prepared using effective microorganisms, sterilized soil treated with effective microorganisms, and sterilized soil plus organic manure without...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on the chemical and physical properties of the soils and the subsequent effects of the application of such soils to the plantation of maize. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness ofEM in improving the organic materials in the soils and hence the nutrient content and the yield of maize. Two formulations of fertilizers were prepared: (i) quail dung, rice brain, Tongkat Ali, water, molasses, EM activation solution and (ii) quail dung, saw dust, palm kernel cake, zeolite water, molasses, EM activation solution. Pure soil was also use as control. The results showed that EM can increase the concentration of macronutrient and micronutrient for the quail dung following EM treatment compared to quail dung without EM treatment. The physical properties ofthe soils such as moisture and ash content have also been significantly increased with EM treatment. These results showed that EM positively increas...

The objective of this study was to develop an innovative method of potato cultivation, with limited use of chemicals, for use in food processing. The results of the research are based on field experiments carried out between 2015 and 2017 at the Experimental Station in Parczew, Poland. The first-order factors were cultivation practices: A—standard cultivation practices with fungicides to control potato blight; and cultivation practices B, C, and D using the application of effective microorganisms (EM). The potato varieties were the second-order factor. The scope of the research included assessing the flesh color of the raw tubers and the content of dry mass, sugars and vitamin C. The color measurement of raw tubers was carried out using the CIEL *a *b* system. Cultivation methods using applications of effective microorganisms contributed significantly to the change in color brightness of the raw tuber flesh compared to the standard methods. The flesh color of the research potato cul...

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the use of effective microorganisms (EM) as promoters of root development and germination of K. daigremontiana plants. The 3 experimental groups in cultivation were: 1) group without microorganisms (CTRL), irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; 2) group with sugar cane molasses (ML) and fertilised substrate; 3) group with effective microorganisms (EM) and fertilised substrate. The test showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed in plants treated with effective microorganisms. In fact, all plants treated with (EM) showed a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, vegetative and radical weight, number and weight of new shoots, leaf area. Also regarding the physiological analysis of plants there is a significant increase in the parameters analyzed in the thesis with effective microorganisms. In particular, there was a significant increase in the chlorophyll content, in leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) and an equally significant reduction in transpiration (TR) and stomatological conductance (Gs). In the thesis treated with EM, the experiment also showed an increase in the percentage of seed germination and a significant reduction in the average germination time. Effective microorganisms can be a valuable tool for grafting before planting new plants, for spraying and irrigation of crops, for reducing or eliminating completely the use of plant protection products against pathogens and diseases, during the storage of plant raw materials and to increase the biological activity of the soil.

The results of the study were based on field experience conducted in the years 2014–2016, at the Experimental Station of Asssesment Plant Variety in Uhnin (51°34’ N, 23°02’ E), on a slightly acidic of soil. The experiment was performed using the randomized block method, split-plot, in triplicate. The first order factor was potato cultivars (Vineta and Satina) and the second order factor was six variants crop (A) variant - using fungicides to combating of late blight of potato (B), (C,) (D), (E) variants with effective microorganisms and herbal extracts, and (F) variant - without the use of fungicides, effective microorganisms and herbal extracts, as a control object. Organic and mineral fertilization under potato was on a constant level (20 t∙ha-1 white mustard on plowhing and 90 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 112.0 kg K∙ha-1). The experiment was carried out in accordance with the Central Crop Research Center (COBORU) methodology used to study the economic value of cultivars (WGO). Crop variant with used prior to the planting on the tubers of EmFarmaTM aqueous solution with the tansy and yarrow extracts and the application of EmFarma PlusTM and Ema5TM, every 7 days, starting from phase 19 to phase 91 on the BBCH scale during potato vegetation, contributed to a significant reduction on the yield, relative to the control object, without treatments.
Other technologies using microbiological preparations proved to be homogeneous in terms of crop yields
and did not differ significantly from the control, without any treatment. The higher potential yield turned out to be an average early cultivar Satina than the early cultivar Vineta. The response of the cultivars to the applied post-treatment and protective treatments was different. The Vineta cultivar has responded on the decline in total and commercial yields on the tubers of crop variant with use prior to the planting of aqueous solutions of EmFarmaTM with tansy and yarrow extract and 8 x applications of preparations of EmFarma PlusTM and Ema5TM.

Wyniki badań oparto na doświadczeniu polowym przeprowadzonym w latach 2014–2016, w Zakładzie Doświadczalnym Oceny Odmian w Uhninie (51°34ʹ N, 23°02ʹ E), na glebie płowej, lekko kwaśnej. Eksperyment wykonano metodą bloków losowanych, w układzie zależnym, split-plot, w trzech powtórzeniach. Czynnikiem I rzędu były odmiany ziemniaka (Vineta i Satina), zaś czynnik II rzędu sta-nowiło sześć wariantów uprawy: wariant A – ze zastosowaniem fungicydów do zwalczania zarazy ziem-niaka, warianty uprawy: B, C, D, E – z aplikacją efektywnych mikroorganizmów i wyciągów z ziół oraz wariant F – bez stosowania fungicydów i efektywnych mikroorganizmów, jako obiekt kontrolny. Nawoże-nie organiczne i mineralne pod ziemniak było na jednakowym poziomie (20 t • ha-1 gorczycy białej na przy-oranie oraz 90 kg N, 39,3 kg P, 112,0 kg K • ha-1). Doświadczenie przeprowadzono zgodnie z obowiązującą w stacjach COBORU metodyką badania wartości gospodarczej odmian roślin uprawnych (WGO). Wariant uprawy z zaprawianiem bulw przed sadzeniem wodnym roztworem EmFarma TM z wyciągiem wrotycza i krwawnika oraz aplikacją preparatów: EmFarma Plus TM oraz Ema5 TM , co 7 dni, począwszy od fazy 19 do fazy 91 w skali BBCH, w czasie wegetacji ziemniaka, przyczyniła się istotnego obniżenia plonu w stosun-ku do obiektu kontrolnego, bez zabiegów. Pozostałe warianty uprawy z użyciem preparatów mikrobiolo-gicznych okazały się homogeniczne, pod względem wielkości plonu i nie różniły się istotnie od obiektu kontrolnego, bez stosowania żadnych zabiegów. Odmianą o wyższej potencjalnej plenności okazała się średnio wczesna Satina, niż wczesna Vineta. Reakcja odmian na zastosowane zabiegi przedsadzeniowe i ochronne okazała się zróżnicowana. Odmiana Vineta zareagowała spadkiem plonu ogólnego i handlowe-go na wariant uprawy z zaprawianiem bulw przed sadzeniem wodnym roztworem EmFarma TM z wycią-giem wrotycza i krwawnika oraz 8 krotną aplikacją preparatów: EmFarma Plus TM i Ema5 TM. Słowa kluczowe: efektywne mikroorganizmy, wyciągi z ziół, fungicydy, ziemniak, odmiany, plon bulw WSTĘP Współczesne rolnictwo w znacznym stopniu odeszło od tradycyjnego systemu gospodaro-wania poprzez intensyfikację produkcji roślinnej tj. uproszczenie płodozmianu, częstej uprawy roślin po sobie, powodujących jednostronne wyczerpanie gleby ze składników pokarmowych, wzrost populacji szkodników i zwiększenie presji infekcyjnej chorób. Z kolei uproszczenia w uprawie roli i używanie ciężkich maszyn rolniczych, prowadzi w konsekwencji do zagęsz-czenia gleby. Intensywna aplikacja pestycydów, nawozów mineralnych, zaś ograniczone stoso-wanie nawozów naturalnych (zmniejszenie hodowli zwierząt), ogranicza fizyczne, chemiczne

The use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in Kyusei Nature Farming enhances crop yields in conventional organic systems. However, the causal factors of this phenomenon have not been well-documented, although some reports indicate the improvement in soil ...

A b s t r a c t. The study presented in this paper is based on the results of a field experiment conducted in the years 2014-2016 at the Research Station for Cultivar Testing COBORU at Uhnin (51°34', 23°02'E), on a slightly acidic grey-brown podzolic soil. The experiment was performed with the random sub-block method, in a split-plot related system, in three replicates. The first-order experimental factor were potato cultivars (Vineta and Satina), and the second-order factor were six variants of potato plant protection: A – with the use of fungicides against potato blight, variants B, C, D, E – with the application of effective microorganisms, and variant F – without the application of fungicides and effective microorganisms, as the control treatment. Organic and mineral fertilisation for potato cultivation was at a constant level (20 t ha –1 white mustard for ploughing-over and 90 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 112.0 kg K ha –1). The experiment was conducted in conformance of the methodology of estimation of economic value of crop plants cultivars in force at COBORU (Research Centre For Cultivar Testing) stations. The scope of the study comprised the estimation of the effect of application of fungicides, EM (Effective Microorganisms) and herbal extracts on the yield and on the quality parameters of seed potatoes. The protection variant with the use of fungicides contributed significantly to a decrease in the yield of seed potatoes, relative to the control treatment. All plant protection variants caused a significant increase in the numbers and multiplication factor of seed potatoes, relative to the control treatment. The genetic traits of the cultivars had a significant impact on the yield and number of seed potatoes, but they did not differentiate the average mass of seed potatoes and the values of the multiplication factor. The weather and soil conditions in the years of the study significantly determined the evaluated parameters. K e y w o r d s: effective microorganisms, plant extracts, fungicides, cultivars, yield, seed value

Effect of various microorganisms on the performance of broilers and control of Salmonella infection in broiler chicks was studied. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus oryzae were isolated from the intestinal contents of healthy birds while Streptococcus thermophilus was ...

Field experiment was conducted on fodder maize to explore the potential of integrated use of chemical, organic and biofertilizers for improving maize growth, beneficial microflora in the rhizosphere and the economic returns. The treatments were designed to make comparison of NPK fertilizer with different combinations of half dose of NP with organic and biofertilizers viz. biological potassium fertilizer (BPF), Biopower, effective microorganisms (EM) and green force compost (GFC). Data reflected maximum crop growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh biomass with the treatment of full NPK; and it was followed by BPF+full NP. The highest uptake of NPK nutrients by crop was recorded as: N under half NP+Biopower; P in BPF+full NP; and K from full NPK. The rhizosphere microflora enumeration revealed that Biopower+EM applied along with half dose of GFC soil conditioner (SC) or NP fertilizer gave the highest count of N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Azoarcus andZoogloea). Regarding the P-solubilizing bacteria,Bacillus was having maximum population with Biopower+BPF+half NP, andPseudomonas under Biopower+EM+half NP treatment. It was concluded that integration of half dose of NP fertilizer with Biopower+BPF / EM can give similar crop yield as with full rate of NP fertilizer; and through reduced use of fertilizers the production cost is minimized and the net return maximized. However, the integration of half dose of NP fertilizer with biofertilizers and compost did not give maize fodder growth and yield comparable to that from full dose of NPK fertilizers.

In the present study, dental caries pathogens were isolated from infected persons. The dental organisms were identified based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolated colonies were confirmed as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli. The different herbal toothpastes viz Babool, Vicco, Neem,Herbpo, Namboodiris, Himalaya, Dabur red and chemical toothpastes viz Colgate, Colgate active salt, Colgate sensitive, pepsodent, Closeup, Sensodent K, Anchor were tested against the dental isolates by well diffusion method.

Research goal: The aim of this work was to develop a sustainable and innovative organic cultivation protocol, usable by local Italian companies, based on the use of microbial biostimulants (beneficial bacteria and fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae and algae) able to improve the growth and quality production of the medicinal gel of Aloe vera. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in December 2020, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (Pt), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Aloe vera (4 year old plants). The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group with Effective microorganisms irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iii) group with Trichoderma spp. irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with arbuscular mycorrhizae irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; v) group with Ascophyllum nodosum irrigated with water and substrate pre...

The aim of this work was to evaluate if the use of Effective microorganisms on succulent plants such as Bulbine frutescens can improve plant growth, germination of seeds and increse mineral content of vegetative tissues. The experiments, started in January 2021, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (Pt) on Bulbine frutescens. The plants were placed in ø 12 cm pots; 30 plants per thesis,
divided into 3 replicas of 10 plants each. The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group with Effective microorganisms (EM) irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized. The experiment at the greenhouse of CREA-OF in Pescia showed a significant improvement of agronomic parameters and physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics analyzed on Bulbine frutescens plants treated with microbial biostimulants, in particular Effective microorganisms (EM). In the trial, there was a significant improvement in the leaves number per plant, new shoots, inflorescences number, fresh vegetative weight, root weight and inflorescence weight. In addition, the use of EM resulted in a lowering of the growing medium pH, a significant increase in the microbial colonization of the treated medium, an increase in the number of germinated seeds, and a reduction in the average germination time. Chemically, there was a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the plant tissues of Bulbine frutescens. Knowledge of the raw materials that make up biofertilizers is essential to understanding the actual functionality based on the plants you want to grow. The study and understanding of the application of Effective
microorganisms can play an important role when it comes to productivity, sustainability, quality, growth and defense of plants from biotic and abiotic stresses.

EM microorganisms are able to increase the soil microfauna, leading to an improvement in field production. Photosynthetic bacteria, contained in Em microorganisms, can in fact, in synergy with other microorganisms, improve the absorption of nutrients from the soil and reduce the incidence of disease. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the influence of EM microorganisms on growth and nitrate content on pepper and chilli plants. The treatments carried out were: 1) use of EM microbial selection; 2) plants irrigated with water. In all the experiments carried out, the pepper and chilli plants treated with EM were significantly higher and had larger stems than those treated with water. The use of EM micro-organisms can therefore lead to an increase in production quality and a reduction in nitrate content on pepper and chilli plants.

Indonesian farmers have learned to use Effective Microorganisms (EM) on vegetable crops much like a foliar fertilizer, akin to the foliar application of a micronutrient. On-farm tests and demonstrations have shown that foliar applications of EM can increase the growth and yield of vegetable crops in a relatively short time, even though no organic amendment is added to the soil.

The aim of this work is to develop an innovative technology for the cultivation of Myrtillocactus geometrizans, introducing the use of Effective microorganisms and at the same time, limiting the use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and improving the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of garambullos for consumption and processing. The trial showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed on Myrtillocactus geometrizans plants treated with Effective microorganisms. In particular, there was an increase in plant height and circumference, vegetative and root weight, number of flowers and fruits, number and length of thornes in plants treated with microorganisms. In addition, the use of EM microorganisms showed a significant increase in total betalains, ascorbic acid, phenols and total flavonoids in garambullos. It was important to underline how the use of Effective microorganisms guaranteed, despite the reduction of irrigation and fertilisation by 50% in the growing medium, the same results in terms of agronomic parameters and fruit production and quality as the control with irrigation and fertilisation under optimal conditions. The application of Effective microorganisms in agricultural processing can therefore guarantee higher production standards, with a possible reduction in costs fertilizer and water. Particularly for those farms that want to focus on the production of ornamental and fruit cacti. Fruits obtained from growing plants treated with Effective microorganisms have a high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential, which is very important especially in this age where food is also a medicine.

The objective of this study was to develop an innovative method of potato cultivation,
with limited use of chemicals, for use in food processing. The results of the research are based on field experiments carried out between 2015 and 2017 at the Experimental Station in Parczew, Poland. The first-order factors were cultivation practices: A—standard cultivation practices with fungicides to control potato blight; and cultivation practices B, C, and D using the application of effective microorganisms (EM). The potato varieties were the second-order factor. The scope of the research included assessing the flesh color of the raw tubers and the content of dry mass, sugars and vitamin C. The color measurement of raw tubers was carried out using the CIEL *a *b* system. Cultivation methods using applications of effective microorganisms contributed significantly to the change in color brightness of the raw tuber flesh compared to the standard methods. The flesh color of the research potato cultivar tubers, their trichromatic coordinates and the reactions of potato varieties
were determined according to the cultivation practices used. It was found that the brightness of the color of raw tuber flesh depends on the content of dry matter and the content of reducing sugars in the tubers.