DC motors

In industries, DC motors are used because of their simple design and consistent performance. Also, DC motors posses a broad range of speed control, so these motors are preferred to be used as variable speed drives. Another advantages of DC motor are their starting torque which is significantly high and better speed regulation. These features make a DC motor favorable for use in industries and hence it becomes very important to have a controller designed for DC motor which can ensure their better speed control. In this paper, a method for speed control of DC motor using three phase thyristor-based converter and Modulus-Hugging approach has been proposed. The control methodology has been realized through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The power converter designed is thyristor based. The speed of DC motor has been controlled by varying the voltage across the armature circuit. Simulation results have been obtained and presented in this paper to demonstrate the efficacy of the projected system. This system can also be implemented on hardware using different types of loads.

This paper suggests a novel model-based nonlinear DC motor speed regulator without the use of a current sensor. The current dynamics, machine parameters and mismatched load variations are considered. The proposed controller is designed to include an active damping term that regulates the motor speed in accordance with the first-order low-pass filter dynamics through the pole-zero cancellation. Meanwhile, the angular acceleration and its reference are obtained from simple first-order estimators using only the speed information. The effectiveness is experimentally verified using hardware comprising the QUBE-Servo2, myRIO-1900, and LabVIEW.

Bu çalışmada, sınırlı akım döngülü çift çevrim destekli PID denetleyici ile sürekli mıknatıslı doğru akım (SMDA) motor kontrolü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğru akım (DA) motor modeli MATLAB/Simulink kullanılarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Önerilen sistem denetim mekanizmasının benzetimi MATLAB/ Simulink/SimPowerSystems yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistemin dinamik performansı, sabit hız referansı ve değişken hız referans yolu için gözlemlenmiştir.

The aim of this research is to design a control power circuit which has the ability to operate the solenoid valve, the pump and the DC motor of the bottle illing machine. This circuit contains of three main parts the PIC16F876a, the Interface Circuit and the Snabber Circuit. The power circuit is supplied by 110 V. The microcontroller (PIC 16F876a) is supplied by 5 V. The power switch MOSFET is supplied by 24 V. The Snabber Circuit and the interface circuit are designed in this research. The purpose and the role of the Snabber circuit and the Interface Circuit in the power control circuit are determined in this research.

Technology is best interconnecting channel in each part of world with the means of transportation or communication or business which led to a highly increase in the number of cars. Time consumption is essential for cleaning these vehicles or cars etc. Time management is directly proportional to reduction of cost for maintenance. The automatic way is used for man to perform tasks at higher speed. Automatic car washing system is very common in developed countries. It consists of large machines with automated brushes controlled by programmable logic controller (PLC). Automatic car washing system is fully automated with different stages of washing, foaming, brushing, washing, drying. This system has used various components such as PLC MITSUBISHI (FX 2N-25MR), conveyor belt, sensors, dc motors, brushes and dry fans. These components are controlled by programmable logic controller (PLC). In this system, ladder diagram is written for using PLC.

— In this paper we deal with the obstacle avoidance system for automated wheel chair used by the disabled persons. Our project aims at building virtual instrument that makes the vehicle to apply brake system automatically, when there is any obstacle in front of the vehicle. It is detected and sensed by the ultrasonic sensor and its gives the output voltage to MYRIO. It is myRIO which interface the LabVIEW and the pc. LabVIEW (Laboratory virtual instrument engineering work bench) is a graphical programming language that uses an icon instead of lines of text to create an application. The LabVIEW programs can be fetched over myRIO & can be operated through Wi-Fi.

1. To familiarize with DC Motors components.
2. To measure the terminal characteristics of a Shunt DC Motor.
3. Understand DC Motor ratings.
4. Understand the techniques used for DC motor starting.
5. Understand how the speed of DC motors can be controlled.

Floor cleaning is a traditional system that is followed for many decades. In the olden days, people wish to clean the floor every day with water and cloth. Due to the advancement in the technology and lifestyle, there was a change in the cleaning process where the people started using Cloth / Thick threads tied to the Stick, dip in the water, and clean the surface. One needs to contribute more time to complete the cleaning floor work. If people do this work manually it takes more time and they couldn't do the work efficiently as their energy level will not be constant and they need to take care of their babies and other household activities too. When the same work is done by a machine, it takes less time and completes the task more efficiently with the same energy level. It is difficult to clean the large area properly when we have less time. The proposed robot is developed based on IoT technology using Arduino Uno, Bluetooth HC-05, DC motors, IR sensors, etc. In this robot, we are using a mobile App to control the cleaning process through voice commands which are transferred via Bluetooth module to Arduino in Manual mode. In the Automatic mode, the cleaning process is controlled by Arduino and IR sensor itself no human involvement is required.

A synchronous motor with a permanent magnet in the rotor and operated in self controlled mode using a rotor position sensor and an inverter to control current in the stator winding is generally known as a Brushless DC motor. The BLDC motor is an inside out brushed motor because the armature is in the stator and the magnets are in the rotor and its operating characteristics are similar to those of the conventional brushed Dc motor. The brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is receiving wide attention for industrial applications because of their high torque density, high efficiency and small size. Brushless DC motor (BLDC) The objective of the paper is to develop a digital Pulse Width modulation (PWM) technique speed control algorithm for BLDC motor and also reduce harmonic content that should be produced by inverter during switching time in Kiel Arm software which is an environment for model based development of embedded controller for ARM processor. In this paper ARM 7 processor is used as the controller necessary signal conditioning components are used to ensure high speed and precision in the overall control system. The implemented system has a fast response with very small overshoot and zero steady state error compared to conventional PWM current controller.

Motors are the necessary machines in the production of Robots and many Automation and Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical devices. This article deals with motors which are to be interfaced with the help of NI-MYRIO through NI-LabVIEW software. NI-MYRIO has inbuilt Analog and Digital signal Ports which provide necessary voltage and current to drive or to give excitation to a medium/high voltage dc or ac circuit. Relay Circuits require 5V signal from NI-MYRIO to provide 12V input for the DC Motor. When NI-MYRIO is interfaced with motors and PC installed with LabVIEW 2014, then with the help of PC or a Smartphone one can control the movements of the DC Motor

Direct Current (DC) motors are broadly used in various industrial applications such as robotics, automobiles, toys and for many other motoring purposes. This is attributable to their extraordinary flexibility, durability and low implementation cost. It is essential to control the speed, position, torque and other variables of the DC motor to achieve the needed performance depending on the area of application. Many classical techniques have been used in the past to control the DC motor, however, such methods typically take a long time, particularly when used for complex nonlinear systems. The application of metaheuristic algorithms as a means of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in this area has proven to be highly effective in overcoming these shortcomings. In recent decades, metaheuristic algorithms have become increasingly prevalent due to their tremendous success in addressing a number real-world optimization challenges in various fields of human activities extending from economic, pharmaceutical and industrial applications to intellectual applications. This review, therefore, presents the optimization of the PID controller with metaheuristic algorithms for controlling the DC motor drives. A short description for each algorithm is presented along with papers published in various renowned journals. For a robust review, the application of various forms of PID controller, as well as different types of DC motors are examined. Finally, the paper presents some open issues and future directions for research.

The erosion-corrosion test rigs are available in various forms of designs in the field of research. In ships, submarines and fluid flow pipe line, many rotating parts are getting failed due to erosion-corrosion wear. So in order to investigate the erosion-corrosion wear behavior of materials in different conditions it is important to develop a test rig with suitable specification. This study of erosion corrosion behavior helps us to select the best material for suitable applications with different conditions. In this present work, an attempt is made to develop a simple and economical erosion corrosion test rig by considering appropriate dimensions according to experimental requirements. Using this erosion-corrosion test rig tests can be easily carried out for evaluating the wear behavior of the different materials. The test setup has been tested by taking distilled water mixed with some SiC sand particles in tank to check the rate of weight loss of zinc samples with respect to number of parameters like speed, time, type of slurry and angle of impingement.

This research presents a very important industrial issue of controlling the production target, despite changing loads. Engines of various types, whether synchronous or synchronous, operate on single and three phase AC, DC motors or special motors such as stepper and servo. In all these motors, the speed control of the torque and speed of the above motors has gained considerable importance. There are three main ways reviewed in the current search, the second that completes the previous research referred to in the references. The three methods are PID method, LQR method and feedingforward control methods. A real DC motor was used in electrical engineering machine laboratory at University of Diyala, Iraq. Where the actual parameters of the DC motor were actually calculated. The practical parameters were then integrated into the three control method Matlab codes for the purpose of comparing the results and representing the motor performance in the indicated control methods.

Introdução;
2. Esquema Equivalente;
3. Modelização – Lagrangeano;
4. Modelização - Máquina Primitiva de Comutação (MPC);
5. Ensaios Laboratório – Resultados Obtidos;
6. Matlab® – Simulink®;
7. Bond Graphs – Grafos de ligação Energética;
8. Análise do Comportamento (Carga, C.C. e Accionamento);
9. Conclusões.

Os conversores DC-DC servem essencialmente para fornecer a uma carga tensão unidireccional contínua variável (tensão de valor médio variável), a partir de uma tensão contínua da fonte. Esta tensão pode ser obtida através de rectificadores, ou seja, conversores AC-DC.
Neste caso concreto de estudo vai ser modelizado e simulado um chopper de quatro quadrantes para, juntamente com um controlador PI, efectuar o controlo de binário de um motor DC de magnetos permanentes.
Os dispositivos semicondutores utilizados são comutados a uma frequência bastante elevada (na ordem dos kHz) devendo ser dimensionados e escolhidos os circuitos de ajuda à comutação respectivos de acordo com os semicondutores utilizados na aplicação. Neste trabalho prático não vai existir uma preocupação no sentido de analisar o seu funcionamento, admitindo que estes são interruptores ideais em toda a análise efectuada.
A técnica de comando utilizada é designada por Pulse Width Modulation – PWM – que consiste na variação do valor médio do sinal de saída, variando o tempo em que os dispositivos semicondutores estão à condução mantendo constante a frequência de comutação (sinal de saída de razão cíclica variável – duty cycle).
A modulação de sinais recorrendo a PWM é largamente utilizada, e está presente no nosso dia-a-dia desde carregadores de baterias, sistemas de comunicação, servomotores, entre outros equipamentos e aplicações.
O accionamento electromecânico utilizado neste caso de estudo é constituído pelos seguintes subsistemas:
• Conversor estático de potência;
• Máquina de corrente contínua de magnetos permanentes;
• Circuito de comando.
O controlo de binário vai ser efectuado através de um controlador PI, que garante assim um erro estático nulo. Vão também ser usados limitadores, o que obriga a existir suspensão da acção integral mas todo este conteúdo vai ser abordado mais especificamente ao longo do texto apesar de não ser um dos focos principais deste trabalho prático.
No capítulo 2 vai ser efectuada a modelização do conversor DC/DC utilizado (chopper de quatro quadrantes), no capítulo 3 é efectuada a descrição da técnica de comando utilizada para o conversor DC/DC, no capitulo 4 é efectuada a respectiva modelização da máquina de corrente contínua, no capitulo 5 e respectivos subcapítulos é descrita a técnica de controlo de binário utilizada – controlador PI, no capitulo 6 são apresentadas e descritas as simulações efectuadas em MATLAB®/SIMULINK e como não poderia deixar de ser num trabalho desta natureza no capítulo 7 são retiradas conclusões que visam resumir todo o trabalho desenvolvido.

The dynamic characteristics such as speed and torque as well as voltages and currents of PWM brushless DC motor inverter are analyzed with a MATLAB model. The contribution of external load torque and friction torque is monitored. The switching function technique is adopted for the current control of the embedded three-phase inverter that drives the brushless DC motor. In switching functions, power conversion circuits can be modeled according to their functions rather than circuit topologies. Therefore, it can simplify the overall power conversion functions. The trapezoidal type (back EMF) is used in the model as it has lower switching loss compared with sinusoidal type (back EMF). Results show reliable time analysis of speed, torque, phase and line voltages and currents. The effect of current commutation is clearly observed.

This article describes a solution for a high power controller and actuator of three DC motors in closed loop. This controller can be applied to omnidirectional platform solutions using three motorised Swedish wheels as used by several RobCup MSL robots and Minho omnidirectional Wheelchair. Some existing controllers in the market are reviewed pointing out their characteristics and comparing them with the proposed solution. Operational characteristics and developed algorithms of the proposed system are fully disclosed.

This paper explores the concept behind a Variable DC power supply that is used for many devices. The researchers have created a circuit using the SPICE application, Multisim. The results of the simulation showed an output voltage of 1.26V at 0% resistance and 27.559V at 100% resistance of the variable resistor. In addition, the ripple factor of the circuit was calculated. The result was 0.0000173% at 0% resistance and 0.0000079% at 100% resistance. The values of the ripple voltage is close to 0 which means that the circuit diagram that the researchers built is efficient to use. This research focuses solely on Variable DC Power Supply, to AC input voltage and a DC output voltage.

In recent years, the demand for electricity is awfully increasing. As the energy generation by using non-renewable sources leads to major pollution and global warming, to avoid these issues the renewable energy sources are opted universally. Among all renewable sources solar photovoltaic is most feasible, and it has its own drawbacks too, such as intermittent in nature, less efficient and generated power persists with a stochastic behaviour. To deal with these issues power electronic converters are used. In all power electronic converters the DC-DC converters plays an important role in improving DC voltage regulation and efficiency. This paper highlights different types of DC-DC converters and different control techniques for power converter. This paper also includes the MPPT algorithm implemented which ensures operation of PV module at its MPP, extracting the maximum available power. In modern days, Electric vehicles are believed to be fruitful solution for reducing green house gas...

The control of DC motors, which are widely used in the industry, is becoming more and more important day by day. For this reason, the parameters of the controllers should be determined at the optimum level. In this paper, PID controller parameters are optimized in real time using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is one of the heuristic algorithms for speed control of a DC motor. A 12 V DC motor and a low cost speed sensor were preferred for speed control. The system is operated with Arduino software. The compliance criterion in the objective function was determined as Integral Absolute Error (IAE). As a result, it was observed that the PID parameters obtained with the PSO-PID algorithm in this paper gave better results than the PID algorithm. In this way, the performance of DC motor controllers used in the industry can be significantly increased.

An outline and results of decades of research into the claims of excess energy produced from specific devices based on the anomalous unipolar generator.  The anomalies are described in an "American Journal of Physics" article from 1955.  The research has pointed the way to major breakthroughs in the equating of electromagnetic potentials to mechanical energy.  The results show efficiency potentials of orders magnitude higher when utilizing specific inductive geometries.

To monitor a small region of skin tissue for blood perfusion mapping construction, a Y-Z scanning control system using X-Y mechanism was developed. This control system utilizes the combination of a Stepper Motor and a DC Motor. A GCP (Graphical Coded Programming) of LabVIEW is used to compute the system driver controller via DAQ (Data Acquisition) card of PCI E-series. The results presented are based on experimental observation. Results show that the design is capable of performing the Y-Z scanning pattern up to 25 mm × 25 mm AOI (Area of Interest). © 2005 IEEE.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4977198&tag=1

This paper deals with DC motor control in a high performance manner. The DC motor control system is designed and performed using a chopper circuit. The four different parts of control of DC motors will be considered here. Using chopper as a converter the speed of DC motor is controllable. The chopper firing circuit gets signal from controller and then by supplying variable voltage to the armature of the motor the desired speed chopper is achieved. There are two different types of control loops, current controller and speed controller. The controller used is Proportional-Integral type. Using this controller the delay is removed and fast control is achieved. Separately excited DC motor is designed and the complete layout of DC drive mechanism is achieved. The current and speed controller is designed and in order to get stable and high speed control of DC motor, the speed controller is optimized using modulus hugging method. After obtaining the entire model of DC drive system, the mode...

– This article describes a solution for a high power controller and actuator of three DC motors in closed loop. This controller can be applied to omnidirectional platform solutions using three motorised Swedish wheels as used by several RobCup MSL robots and Minho omnidirectional Wheelchair. Some existing controllers in the market are reviewed pointing out their characteristics and comparing them with the proposed solution. Operational characteristics and developed algorithms of the proposed system are fully disclosed.

In this paper, we first write a description of the operation of DC motors taking into account which parameters the speed depends on thereof. The PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers are then briefly described, and then applied to the motor speed control already described, that is, as an electronic controller (PID), which is often referred to as a DC motor. The closed loop speed control of a Brush DC motor is developed applying the well-known PID control algorithm. The objective of this work is to designed and simulate a new control system to keep the speed of the DC motor constant before variations of the load (disturbances), automatically depending to the PID controller. The system was designed and implementation by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and DC motor.

The basic project idea is to develop a grass-cutting robot controlled with help of the android application. Here the Bluetooth module is used to connect raspberry pi with the phone and in which the reading of the ultrasonic sensor is stored on IOT platform i.e think speak. Previously the grass cutter machines are operated by fuel which is costly. Here the solar panel is utilised to charge the battery so that it doesn't have to be charged externally .The sun-based energy source is more straightforward to utilize, more profitable contrasted with other energy and it is not difficult to work. By the use of solar panels, we can use sunlight to generate electricity free of cost. The solar panel is used to charge the battery for grass cutting purposes. The movement of the machine is totally controlled by using the Android app. The controlling device of the system is Raspberry pi. Bluetooth module and DC motors are interfaced to the Raspberry pi. The data received from the android phone application by the Bluetooth module is given as an input to the Raspberry pi and the controller acts accordingly on the DC motor of the solar grass cutter. And also here at the input, we have connected an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection whenever the obstacle is detected the raspberry pi sends the command to stop the machine in its place and the reading of the ultrasonic sensor is stored on the cloud.

This article presents the new control structure for a Direct Current Motor (DC Motor) using the flatness-control principle. Basic on the mathematical model of DC Motors, the author demonstrates the application ability of the fatness-control theory to control the DC Motor, and then calculates the parameters and proposes the structure of the flatness-controller. The proposed structure is built and ran on Matlab-Simulink software to verify the system efficiency. The simulation results show that the quality of the control system is very good, especially in case of the flatness controller combined with PID controller to eliminate static error when the parameters of the DC Motor have been not known accurately.

In a present scenario, the usage of energy efficient appliances is occupying the market to deal with the problem of increasing energy demand. The mixture with universal motor having commutator brush assembly cause sparking and increase the chances of maintenances results in reduction of lifespan all the above problem can eliminated by use of BLDC motor for Juicer. So the BLDC motor is suitable for mixture grinder because it is capable to give easy speed torque control and it is compact in size. Application of a mixture grinder to the performance and losses analysis of a conventional universal motor and proposed BLDC motor, it has lower power consumption compared to the existing universal motor available.

Designing fast response controller that can achieving steady state with minimum error is big challenge in control application. Proportional Integral Derivate (PID) controllers are conventional controllers for their simplicity and wide range of applications in industrial. Many efforts have been made in improving the PID controller performance by enhancing the controller with different techniques for tuning its operation or filtering the feedback signal. In this paper, the effect of using Moving Average filter with the PID controller for controlling the speed of Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) Motor with noisy speed sensor is discussed. PID controller and the moving average filter are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink software, where the Hardware in the Loop (HIL) technique with aid of microcontroller was used for the controlled plant which is a PMDC motor in this study. Comprehensive study on the available techniques used to modeling the PID controller is done as well. Furthermore, full practical tests prove that the controller behavior is more stable when moving average filter used and its effect minimized time needed to reach the steady state point clearly by 76%.