Cost of Acquistion

A method through which companies are bought, sold, combined or recombined is known as Mergers and Acquisitions. It is currently growing all over the world as a business strategy. The objective of modern business is to maximize value through the best utilization of available resources. As such, companies have to continue creating value to sustain. The merger and acquisition process begins by giving due consideration to the key factors, such as profitability of entering a new market through business expansion, revenue generation,
cost reduction, etc. Thereafter, it is crucial to consider both the seller and the buyer perspectives, and the regulatory requirements followed by the letter of intent. If everything seems right, the company should proceed towards making the deal, going through stages such as structuring the deal, valuation, pricing, and financing the merging of the companies. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the acquisition of Nokia by Microsoft and identify the impact on both companies by this acquisition. Theoretical analysis and numerical analysis will be conducted to find substantial results in this research paper. Data has been collected from secondary data sources. To develop the theoretical background of the study and numerical evidence, secondary data were collected from economic reviews, journals, and different websites. The financial data was collected in order to present a summary of the financial position of the company.

E-procurement gains its popularity through people’s trends of using the internet. Transparancy factor of e-procurements is expected to reduce corruption in government projects, as an effort to achieve good corporate governance (GCG). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of e-procurement in PT. PLN (Persero).  Impacts were assessed by conducting structured interview to the people who were involved in procurement process, such as procurement committees, senior manager of e-procurement applications, business process owner, and developers at PT. PLN.  This study focused on the gap analysis of conditions in PT. PLN before and after the implementation of e-procurement. This study concluded that the implementation of e-procurement in PT. PLN gave significant impacts on the total cost of acquisitions, organizational characteristics, governance structure, pre-sourcing business processes, and procurement quotation.

The cost-benefit equation of the Pak-U.S. alliance, in the fight against terrorism, reflects a direct correlation between the fluctuating patterns of U.S. assistance and their direct and indirect implications for Pakistan. While the U.S. strives to achieve a better return on its investment through military-oriented support, Pakistan seeks to adopt an approach that suits both the U.S. and its own domestic and regional interests. This research traces the trend of Pak U.S. relations, highlights the impact of the fluctuating U.S. aid in shaping perceptions, and provides a game
theoretical analysis on the issue. Besides highlighting measures to achieve cost effectiveness through micro alliances, decentralization, accountability, and transparency in fund management, the study supports development of entrepreneurial culture and micro-alliances in Pakistan. More importantly, it provides an in-depth analysis of the military and population-centric approaches and their associated costs and benefits for the two countries. The research concludes by suggesting a more population-centric U.S. approach towards Pakistan to achieve a better return on investment besides laying foundation for a long-term strategic alliance. It suggests future research on the prospects and methodology of achieving a long-term partnership between the two nations.

in una logica di miglioramento continuo, a l'interno d'un processo di riorganizzazione, il progetto svolto riguardava lo sviluppo del progetto ‘Procurement Process Review’, un attività di Change Management.
Con la valutazione e selezione dei fornitori referenziati, lo sviluppo della strategia di approvvigionamento, l'ottimizzazione dei costi e l'appropriazione da parte delle persone interne delle logiche nuove, tramite l'utilizzazione di team interfunzionali per ottimizzare il consumo di materie prime e la riduzione del numero di referenze.