Confusion

1] Edward Yang (in Chinese 楊德昌, 1947-2007) is one of the most renowned Taiwanese directors, whose works raise criticisms of modernity. Since the New Culture Movement in the 1910s and 1920s, Chinese literati have queried the place of traditional Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, on the road to modernization. This paper gives an account of Yang’s understanding of modernization and the Confucian tradition as illustrated in his work, A Confucian Confusion (1994). We argue that, though he despised politically endorsed Confucianism as ideology, without sufficient justification Yang nonetheless reserves the possibility of taking Confucianism as a supplement to modernity.

Zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, was identified in the blood of 29 subjects arrested for impaired driving. Zolpidem concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 1.4 mg/L (mean 0.29 mg/L, median 0.19 mg/L). In the subjects whose cases we reviewed where zolpidem was present with other drugs and/or alcohol, symptoms reported were generally those of CNS depression. Symptoms included slow movements and reactions, slow and slurred speech, poor coordination, lack of balance, flaccid muscle tone, and horizontal and vertical gaze nystagmus. In five separate cases, where zolpidem was the only drug detected (0.08-1.40 mg/L, mean 0.65 mg/L, median 0.47 mg/L), signs of impairment included slow and slurred speech, slow reflexes, disorientation, lack of balance and coordination, and "blacking out." Although no quantitative relationship between blood concentrations and degree of driving impairment is currently possible, it is reasonable to conclude that because of its specific activity as a...

This article advances three interrelated propositions that can stimulate fair competition. It first explores the gradual decoupling of the trade mark from goods or services, then investigates the coupling of the extension of trade mark use to protection against confusion, dilution and free-riding. The article continues by researching the decoupling of protection against dilution from fame or reputation, and then combines these propositions, with reference to the legislation and case law in the US and EU, before providing conclusions.

This paper is a qualitative study based on retrospective, unstructured, qualitative interviews with Mrs. Jones and other African-American, Chinese-American, Irish-American and Latino family caregivers in the Boston area. A narrative approach is used to show how family caregivers draw on their cultural and personal resources to create stories about the nature and meaning of illness and to ask how ethnic identity may influence the kinds of stories family caregivers tell. Three different story types are identified and described, each with a distinctive configuration of illness meanings and overarching theme, or storyline: a subset of African-American, Irish-American, and Chinese-American caregivers told us stories about Alzheimer's as a disease that erodes the core identity of a loved one and deteriorates their minds; a subset of Chinese caregivers narrated stories that emphasized how families managed confusion and disabilities, changes ultimately construed as an expected part of growing old; a subset of Puerto Rican and Dominican families, while using the biomedical label of Alzheimer's disease or dementia, placed the elder's illness in stories about tragic losses, loneliness, and family responsibility. To construct their stories, caregivers drew upon both biomedical explanations and other cultural meanings of behavioral and cognitive changes in old age. Their stories challenge us to move beyond the sharp contrast between ethnic minority and non-ethnic minority views of dementia-related changes, to local clinics and hospitals as sites where biomedical knowledge is interpreted, communicated, discussed, and adapted to the perspectives and lived realities of families.

Markalar bakımından tecavüzün önlenmesi
önem arz etmektedir. Marka hakkına yönelik
tecavüzün önlenmesi hakkındaki esaslar,
6769 sayılı Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu’nda (SMK)
düzenlenmiştir. Marka hakkına tecavüz
denildiğinde akla, tescilli bir markanın
yetkili olmayan kişilerce hukuka aykırı olarak
kullanılması gelmelidir. İltibas nedeniyle markaya
tecavüz suçunda korunan amaç, tescilli marka ile
aynı veya benzer olan mal ve/veya hizmetlerdeki
kullanılan işaretlerin, tüketici üzerinde yanılgı
oluşturması ihtimali karşısında, bir zarar
doğmasının engellenmesidir. Çalışmamızda,
marka hakkına tecavüz konusu 6769 sayılı Sınai
Mülkiyet Kanunu kapsamında incelenecektir.
Ekonomik gelişmeler bakımından marka
bilinci oluşturmanın önemi her geçen gün daha
da artmaktadır. Güçlü ekonomilerde markanın
değeri arttıkça benzer ticari markalar ticari
arenaya girmekte bu da işletme sahiplerine ve
tüketicilere aynı şekilde zarar veren karışıklıkların
artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Türkiye’de marka
hakkına tecavüz olarak değerlendirilebilecek
haller SMK’da düzenlenmiştir.
Tecavüz kavramı, yetkili olmayan bir
kimsenin başkasının hakkına el uzatması
anlamına gelmektedir. Marka hakkına yönelik
tecavüz olarak adlandırılabilecek eylemler,
SMK’nın Marka Hakkına Tecavüz başlıklı 6.
kısmının 29. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir.
Dolayısıyla, SMK’nın 29. maddesindeki koşulların
mevcut olması halinde, marka hakkına tecavüz
gerçekleşmiş olmaktadır. 29. maddenin (a)
bendine göre, marka sahibinin izni olmaksızın,
markayı 7. maddede belirtilen biçimlerde
kullanmak tecavüz sayılacaktır. Dolayısıyla 7.
maddede geçen haller gerçekleştiğinde markaya
karşı tecavüz meydana gelmiş olacaktır.
Çalışmamızda son olarak marka hakkı
tecavüze uğrayan hak sahibinin, ileri sürebileceği
hukuki talepler ele alınacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Marka Hukuku,
İltibas, Fikri Mülkiyet Kanunu, Karışıklık Yoluyla
Marka İhlali.
ABSTRACT
It is important to prevent rape in terms of
trademarks used to distinguish between goods and
services. Principles on the prevention of trademark
infringement have been laid down in the Industrial
Property Law No. 6769 (SMK). When trademark
infringement is called, a trademark registered should
be used illegally against unauthorized persons. The
intention is to prevent harm from occurring in the
face of the possibility that the marks used in the
goods and / or services that are the same or similar
to the registered trademark may cause the public to
be mistaken. The issue of trademark infringement
will be examined with the Industrial Property Law
No. 6769.
Trademark/branding becomes more important
everyday especially during the prosperous economic
developments. As trademark’s value increases in
a solid economy, analogous trademarks enter the
arena of commercial. This in turn results in increase
in confusion which ultimately damages firm owners
and consumers in the same manner. Breaching
acts against trademark rights are regulated by the
Industrial Property Law No. 6769.
In the same legislative body, using the trademark
in the manner specified in item 7 will be considered
trademark infringement. Therefore when conditions
set in the article 7 exist, then breaching against
trademark can be thought to become a fact.
Finally, in our article, the legal claims that the
rights holder of the trademark right may propose
will be dealt with.
Keywords: Trademark law, Confusion,
Intellectual property law, Violation of Trademark
right Through Confusion

Confabulation has traditionally been attributed to a combination of memory impairment and executive dysfunction, but recent models propose that confabulation can result from executive dysfunction alone. One hundred and ten patients with diverse neurologic and psychiatric diagnoses were subdivided into high-, low-, and non-confabulator groups based upon the ratio of confabulations to total responses produced during story recall. Consistent with the combined deficit model, high-confabulators performed significantly worse than the low-and non-confabulators on measures of memory and measures of executive function that assess sustained attention, mental tracking, and set-shifting ability. However, there were no differences between groups on measures of problem-solving, concept formation, and verbal fluency, suggesting a dissociation in executive functions that contribute to confabulation.

Anosognosia of hemiplegia is of interest for both pragmatic and theoretical reasons. We discuss several neuropsychological theories that have been proposed to explain this deficit. Although for psychological reasons people might deny deficits, the denial hypothesis cannot account for the hemispheric asymmetries associated with this disorder and cannot explain why some patients might deny one deficit and recognize another equally disabling deficit. There is some evidence that faulty feedback from sensory deficits, spatial neglect and asomatognosia might be responsible for anosognosia in some patients. However, these feedback hypotheses cannot account for anosognosia in all patients. Although the hemispheric disconnection hypothesis is appealing, disconnection is probably only a rare cause of this disorder. The feedforward intentional theory of anosognosia suggests that the discovery of weakness is dependent on attempted action and some patients might have anosognosia because they do ...

L’objet de cette communication qui s’inscrit dans le champ de l’histoire des idées éducatives, porte sur  l’éducation d’après le jeune Guizot, avant son entrée en politique. En 1811, il fait le constat qu’entre les idées des Lumières et les vieux préjugés après les traumatismes laissés par les violences de la Révolution, la confusion règne . C’est pour faire sortir les acteurs de l’éducation (dans et hors l’école), de la confusion dans laquelle se trouvaient, entre l’hégémonie d’une institution religieuse et celle d’un mouvement révolutionnaire, qu’avec Pauline de Meulan, entre 1811 et 1813, il publie les Annales de l’éducation, hebdomadaire que Buisson qualifie « d’une des premières et des plus remarquables publication périodique de la pédagogie française » .
Le but de cette communication est de comprendre quel est le ressort de l’éducation qui permet de sortir de la confusion, selon le jeune Guizot. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement àl'interprétation et l'enseignement de l'histoire pour "sortir de la confusion".

On peut déceler, forte et traditionnelle, une tendance à considérer que le mélange de biens fongibles (tels que l’argent, le pétrole, le blé, etc.) fait acquérir la propriété au possesseur. Après une période pendant laquelle on estimait que le mélange ne suscitait qu’une difficulté (souvent insurmontable) de preuve, une autre théorie est entrée en scène : celle de la copropriété par quantité (en néerlandais : numerieke mede-eigendom), qui exprime les parts indivises par une quantité et non par un pourcentage. Étant exprimée par une quantité, elle se prête à une sortie d’indivision simplifiée et partielle. Notre propos tend à démontrer qu’une telle copropriété existe et à discerner quelles sont les règles qui la régissent. Pour ce faire, on a étudié en premier lieu les droits belge et français avant d’examiner les droits anglais et autrichien, qui acceptent déjà depuis longtemps la copropriété par quantité. En droit néerlandais aussi, on a pu repérer quelques bruissements en sa faveur. Enfin, en droit suisse, il est apparu que la copropriété résultant d’un mélange présente de fortes similitudes avec la copropriété par quantité.