Blend

Abstract
This study presents a cognitive semantic analysis of the impact of socio-cultural factors on meaning construction in selected English and Arabic proverbs. The main questions that the study tries to answer are related to the extent to which metaphorical usage is relevant to understanding culture and the extent to which the differences in using metaphors in both languages can be related to socio-cultural factors. The study aims at examining the applicability of the Conceptual Integration Theory to the analysis of English and Arabic proverbs to investigate the impact of socio-cultural factors on constructing the meaning of the proverbs under study. In addition, the study examines the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the shared and culture specific conceptual metaphors in the proverbs under study. Another aim is to examine the role of grammatical structures of proverbs in determining the kind of conceptual integration network. The study hypothesizes the applicability of Conceptual Integration Theory and universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and that both are efficient to study the impact of socio-cultural factors on meaning construction in English and Arabic proverbs. The study also hypothesizes the significant role played by grammatical structures in understanding proverbs by determining the kind of the conceptual integration network. To achieve the aims of the study and verify its hypotheses, a model based on the Conceptual Integration Theory and Conceptual Metaphor Theory has been adopted to analyse a sample of selected English and Arabic proverbs. The selected sample consists of 60 English proverbs and 60 Arabic proverbs. The proverbs belong to six topics, namely, social interaction, communication, coping and learning, human life, social life, and social viii position. These topics have been selected according to the international system for classifying proverbs introduced by Kuusi (2001). At the theoretical part, the study has arrived at the conclusion that the Conceptual Metaphor Theory introduced by Lakoff and Johnson in their book Metaphor We Live by (1980) was introduced by(الجرجاني d. 471) in his books أسرار البلاغة (1959)and دلائل الإعجاز 1989 )). At the practical part, the study has arrived at the following conclusions, among others: the applicability of Conceptual Integration Theory to the study of English and Arabic proverbs, the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and the efficiency of the mentioned theories in showing the impact of socio-cultural factors on meaning construction in the English and Arabic proverbs. The study ends up with a number of recommendations and suggestions for further studies based on the findings of the study.

The present research reports comparative analysis of effects of cold working (CW) and annealing on tensile and impact-toughness behavior of 7075 Al alloy. Cold-rolled samples were annealed at various temperatures in the range of 225-345 °C for 5 min. A remarkable increase in ductility and impact toughness was observed when specimens were annealed at temperatures above 265 °C for 5 min. It was also found that cold rolling has a profound effect on strength anisotropy that enhances with amount of % CW. The maximum strengths were observed in the transverse direction in the investigated alloy. Cold rolling has been found to impart a significant effect on decreasing the impact toughness of alloy that enhance with amount of % CW; this loss in impact energy could not be compensated by recrystallization process. It has also been shown that impact test can be considered as a simple method for measurement of toughness and plastic anisotropy in sheet and plate. The analysis of the fracture surfaces with the scanning electron microscope presented dimpled morphology for the failure ductile mechanism in starting material and fibrous structure with some quasi-cleavage regions in cold-rolled samples, corresponding to the ductile to brittle fracture mechanism. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X09001626 
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The effects of Deisel-hexanol blend were investigated. Diesel and oxygenated hydrocarbon (hexane) are blended in different percentage from 5%-45 % by volume. These samples were characterized and the results show that 5% diesel-hexanol blend has very low anniline point, which is a measure of aromaticity responsible for particle emission. The lower the anniline point, the lower the emission of particles and this justifies the elimination of emission released into the environment by diesel-hexanol blend at 5%.

A hybrid biopolymer blend using PLA/PHBV with tailored material properties has been fabricated by using solvent casting method. Biopolymer
blends of 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 wt.% were investigated for property optimization. Afterwards, different percentages (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) of
nanoclay (NC) were incorporated into the optimized (75/25 wt.%) system to further enhance the properties. DSC, TGA, Tensile, and SEM tests were
conducted to investigate mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. It was observed that the crystallinity of the PLA phase increased with
increasing amount of NC. Also, the tensile strength of PLA and PHBV film was found to be 29.20 MPa and 16.79 MPa, respectively, whereas, 75/25
wt.% blend showed 25.73 MPa which is higher than PHBV phase. Then, the addition of 2 wt.% NC showed optimized and better mechanical and
thermal properties compared to individual polymer phase. Also, two glass transition temperatures were found from thermal analysis which is the
indication of the solution immiscibility. It was revealed from the SEM micrographs that the 2 wt.% NC was dispersed uniformly throughout the resin
blend.

Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. And it runs on fossil fuel. But the excessive use of fossil fuels will very soon lead to the energy crises so the future of automobile based on fossil fuels has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non-polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of four stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 60% of methanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure, TFC and SFC) were determined at various loads on engine with methanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure showed improved performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.

Coconut Oil-diesel is widely accepted as comparable fuel to diesel in compression ignition engines. It offers many advantages including; higher cetane number, reduced emissions of particulates, CO, NOX, and hydrocarbons, reduced toxicity, improved safety and lower lifecycle CO2 emissions. The objective of the present study is to reveal the effects of pure diesel fuel and coconut oil diesel fuel blends with indirectly heating of coconut-oil at 60°C before blending with diesel on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine. Operation of the test engine with pure diesel fuel and coconut oil-diesel fuel blends for a wide range of engine speed such as 800,1000,1200,1400 And 1500 Rpm and Full load (18 Kg) conditions will be shown to be successful even without engine modifications.

Due to the increasing demand for fossil fuels and environmental threat, a number of renewable sources of energy have been studied worldwide. An attempt is made to assess the suitability of vegetable oil for diesel engine operation, without any modifications in its existing construction. One of the important factors which influence the performance and emission of diesel engine is fuel injection pressure. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Karanja Biodiesel blended with diesel and investigating performance and emissions characteristics of the engine. By changing the various parameters like Load, Blending Ratio, various performance and emission characteristics will be measured. Non edible Karanja (Pongamia Pinata) biodiesel blended with diesel were tested for their use as substitute fuels for diesel engines. One of the major objectives of the present study was to experimentally access the practical applications of diesel & karanja biodiesel blend in single...

A modified maleated polyethylene (MAPE) was blended in a twin screw extruder with the percentage of maleation of 9%. The presence of the maleic anhydride group on the polyethylene backbone increased the ability to bonding with any surface or compound that has functional groups. The use of the maleated polyethylene as a compatibilizer in the polyblend showed high effect in the compatibility between the polymer and the sample in term of the rheological properties. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the oscillating flow (shark skin and spurt defect) of medium density polyethylene (MDPE) with 1% maleated polyethylene (MAPE). It showed the disappearance of the sharkskin from polyethylene surface and a complete elimination of discontinuity in the flow curve of MDPE, thus disappearance of the spurt defect phenomena.