Books by Oreto García Puchol
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Papers by Oreto García Puchol
In this paper, we compile recent 14C dates related to the Neolithic transition in Mediterranean... more In this paper, we compile recent 14C dates related to the Neolithic transition in Mediterranean Iberia and present a Bayesian chronological approach for testing the dual model, a mixed model proposed to explain the spread of farming and husbandry processes in eastern Iberia. The dual model postulates the coexistence of agricultural pioneers and indigenous Mesolithic foraging groups in the Middle Holocene. We test this general model with more regional models of four geographical areas (Northeast, Upper, and Middle Ebro Valley, and Eastern and South/Southeastern regions) and present a filtered summed probability of all 14C dates known in the region in order to compare socioecological dynamics over a long period. Finally, we discuss the results and analyze how certain specific characteristics of sites and their chronologies can serve for timing the Neolithic expansion in Mediterranean Iberia.
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Virtual Archaeology Review, 2017
In this paper we present our procedure for digitising fieldwork information on the fly (data mana... more In this paper we present our procedure for digitising fieldwork information on the fly (data management), and its combination with the virtual reconstruction of the stratigraphy (virtualisation), of the Cueva de la Cocina site in Dos Aguas (Valencia, Spain). The main tool for the Geographic Information System (GIS) implementation has been OpenJUMP, whilst for the three-dimensional (3D) recreation of the cave virtual environment MeshLab, ParaView, CloudCompare and R open software have been used. According to the data recovered during the two last field seasons at the cave-2015 and 2016-, we present the current state of the stratigraphy virtualisation in the excavated sectors. We also provide not only a general view of the cave, but also different points of view to incorporate distinct geomatics tools into archaeological research. The computer treatment of the data collected in the field provides a better understanding of their spatial relations; which in turn facilitates its analysis and interpretation as well as the realisation of virtual profiles. In the same way, the differences in the frequency of materials belonging to adjacent and/or superimposed stratigraphical units, as well as the total quantities, volumetry and density of the artefacts, with respect to their own stratigraphical unit, or even the whole excavated area, can also be analysed. The combination of both approaches-data management and virtualisation-allows us to integrate geographic information technologies in the daily life of the Mesolithic and Neolithic communities, of which the virtual reconstruction of the different test pits carried out in Cueva de la Cocina constitutes a perfect example. Resumen: Con este trabajo pretendemos presentar nuestro procedimiento de digitalización de información de campo (gestión de datos) y su imbricación en la reconstrucción estratigráfica virtual (virtualización) de la Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia, España). La herramienta principal para la implementación del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) ha sido OpenJUMP, mientras que para la recreación tridimensional (3D) del entorno virtual de la cueva se han utilizado MeshLab, ParaView, CloudCompare y R. De acuerdo con los datos recuperados durante las excavaciones de los últimos años en la cueva-2015 y 2016-, se presenta el estado actual de la virtualización de la estratigrafía en los sectores excavados. Del mismo modo ofrecemos no sólo una visión general de la cueva, sino también diferentes puntos de vista para incorporar distintas herramientas geomáticas en la investigación arqueológica. El tratamiento informático de los datos recogidos en el campo proporciona una mejor comprensión de las relaciones espaciales entre ellos; lo que a su vez facilita su análisis e interpretación así como la realización de cortes virtuales. De la misma manera, se pueden analizar las diferencias en la frecuencia de los materiales que pertenecen a unidades estratigráficas adyacentes o superpuestas, así como las cantidades totales, la volumetría y la densidad de los artefactos, con respecto a su propia unidad estratigráfica u otras. La combinación de ambos enfoques –gestión de datos y virtualización-nos permite integrar las tecnologías de la información geográfica en la vida cotidiana de las comunidades mesolíticas y neolíticas, de las cuales la reconstrucción virtual de los diferentes sondeos realizados en Cueva de la Cocina constituye un ejemplo perfecto. Palabras clave: Entorno 3D, herramientas GIS, excavación arqueológica, Mesolítico, Neolítico, Cueva de la Cocina
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Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0, 2016
At this document we present a computer protocol, designed for the development of a digital enviro... more At this document we present a computer protocol, designed for the development of a digital environment which will allow virtual reconstruction of both, the stratigraphic information and the material record found at Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia). By this we also mean to relate the most recent fieldwork at the site to that carried on during the 1970s. The first interventions inside the cavity date back to the first half of the XX century, when a complex sequence, which comprehended layers mainly related to the last hunter-gutherers and the first farmers, was identified. Accurateness, both describing and gathering precise information of the site was not a priority according to the methodology of older excavations. However, the fieldwork directed by Javier Fortea during the 1970s was meticulously registered using tridimensional notes of the information referring to the excavated layers and the recovered findings, although an analysis and interpretation of the site was never undertaken. Nowadays, we intend to integrate that information into a virtual working environment, so that, using specific software, data can be digitally processed for its 3D visualization and further analysis. Resorting to different statistical analysis and graphic representation packages has also been required. The results presented here refer to virtualization of the tridimensional information of one of the units excavated during the 2015 campaign, along with two adjacent units of the intervention developed by Javier Fortea. Thus, we try to show an example not only of the different potentialities that digitalization offers when registering detailed information of the excavated record, but also of its usefulness as a working tool in order to recover older interventions. Resumen: Presentamos en este trabajo el protocolo de trabajo diseñado para la creación de un entorno digital que permite la recreación virtual de la información estratigráfica y el registro material recuperado en Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia) con el fin de correlacionar los trabajos de campo actuales con aquellos llevados a cabo en la década de los 70 del pasado siglo. Los primeros trabajos en la cavidad se remontan a la primera mitad del siglo XX cuando se identificó una amplia secuencia que englobaba niveles de ocupación prehistóricos principalmente relacionados con los últimos cazadores-recolectores y el primer neolítico. Estos trabajos se realizaron siguiendo metodologías que adolecían de una rigurosa descripción y documentación. Sin embargo, los trabajos dirigidos por Javier Fortea en la década de los 70 del siglo XX fueron meticulosamente documentados mediante la anotación tridimensional de la información referida a las capas excavadas y los hallazgos recuperados, aunque posteriormente no se avanzó en el análisis e interpretación de la secuencia del yacimiento. En la actualidad nos hemos propuesto integrar esta información en un entorno de trabajo virtual con el fin de proceder al tratamiento de los datos mediante software específico para su visualización 3D y el análisis posterior de los mismos a través de paquetes de análisis estadístico y de representación gráfica. Los resultados presentados se refieren a la recreación de la información tridimensional de uno de los sondeos excavados durante la campaña 2015 y dos cuadros adyacentes de la actuación efectuada por Javier Fortea. Tratamos de ofrecer de este modo un ejemplo no solo de las potencialidades que ofrece la informatización para la documentación pormenorizada del registro excavado sino también de su uso como herramienta de trabajo para recuperar intervenciones anteriores. Palabras clave: realidad virtual, excavación arqueológica, análisis espacial, Cueva de la Cocina 524
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J.F. Gibaja, X. Terradas, A. Palomo, X. Clop, ed., Les grans fulles de sílex. Europa al final de la Prehistòria. Actes, Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya (Monografies, 13), Barcelona, 2009
The presence of flint blades of great format in the Valencian territory turns out to be habitual ... more The presence of flint blades of great format in the Valencian territory turns out to be habitual in the funeral and domestic contexts of the Late Neolithic/Calcolithic periods (from half of the IVth in the middle of the millenium III BC). We will try to synthesize in the following pages the questions and available answers about the origin, methods and technologies of manufacture, and on the modalities and characteristics of the social consumption.
KEY WORDS: Late Neolithic/Calcolithic, big blades, raw material, specializing production, diffusion.
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Vaquer, J.; Briois, F. (dirs.), La fin de l’Âge de Pierre en Europe du Sud: Actes de la Table Ronde de l’EHESS (Carcassonne 5-6 septembre 2003), Toulouse, Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique., 2006
Les grandes lames de silex ont été traditionnellement considérées, au sein de la culture matériel... more Les grandes lames de silex ont été traditionnellement considérées, au sein de la culture matérielle, comme un des éléments les plus caractéristiques de l'Énéolithique de la région valencienne, en raison de leur présence généralisée-surtout-dans les mobiliers funéraires des nombreuses grottes sépulcrales de cette période. Hormis la simple constatation de la taille exceptionnelle de quelques exemplaires par rapport aux produits laminaires des étapes plus anciennes du Néolithique, aucune étude approfondie n'a été consacrée à ces lames. L'objectif de cet article est d'entreprendre une telle approche dans une perspective globale et analytique. Nous rendrons ici compte des matières premières employées et de leur problématique, des modules typométriques documentés et de leur signification, des caractéristiques morpho-techniques liées au débitage de tels modules, des techniques probables d'extraction et des morphologies observées en relation avec des paramètres fonctionnels. Tous ces points renvoient aux grands thèmes que sont la circulation des matériaux et des objets finis et bien sûr les relations culturelles qui en dérivent. Abstract : On the material culture level big flint blades has traditionally been considered one of the characteristic elements of Eneolithic throughout the region of Valencia because of their generalized presence above all in funeral dowries of numerous sepulchral caves of this period. Apart from mere observation of their exceptional size in comparison with the blades of earlier Neolithic phases hardly had the big blades of late Neolithic and Eneolithic of Valencia ever been the subject of any thorough study. The principal intention of this work is to initiate this kind of study which from analytical and general technological perspective could give an account of the raw materials employed and their problems, of the documented typometry modules and their meaning, of the morphotechnical characteristics linked with débitage according to these modules and of the possible techniques of extraction or morphologies observed in relation to practical usefulness. All these aspects are directed towards large themes which compete with circulation of materials and manufactures and cultural relationships derived from them.
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Vaquer, J.; Briois, F. (dirs.), La fin de l’Âge de Pierre en Europe du Sud: Actes de la Table Ronde de l’EHESS (Carcassonne 5-6 septembre 2003), Toulouse, Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique, 2006
Les productions réalisées sur silex en plaquettes, associées à celles de grandes lames extraites ... more Les productions réalisées sur silex en plaquettes, associées à celles de grandes lames extraites de nucléus, se placent parmi les manifestations technologiques les plus remarquables du Néolithique final et de l'Énéolithique de la région de Valence. L'exploitation et l'utilisation de ce type de silex se limitent d'ailleurs à ces deux périodes et sont marquées par la singularité de quelques uns des produits élaborés (grands couteaux et poignards) et par l'existence d'une très vraisemblable circulation de matériaux bruts. Le gisement de la Ereta del Pedregal (Navarrés, Valencia), un important établissement d'habitat, est celui qui a livré les meilleures données sur l'appro-visionnement en silex en plaquettes, tant sur le plan des variétés exploitées (les unes locales, d'autres sans doute de provenance étrangère), que sur celui des procédés de transformation. En ce qui concerne ces derniers aspects, on a ainsi pu observer des destinations techno-industrielles différentes selon les classes de plaquettes : celles d'origine locale ont été employées pour la fabrication de pointes de flèches, tandis que celles qui semblent avoir une autre origine, ont été utilisées préférentiellement pour la mise en forme d'outils coupants. Cette seconde production paraît se placer au moment initial de la séquence néo-énéolithique si l'on se fie aux indications strati-graphiques disponibles dans le site de la Ereta. Mots-clés : plaquettes de silex, matières premières locales et allochtones, technologie, typologie, pointes de flèches, couteaux, poignards, chronologie contextuelle et stratigraphique.
Abstract : Tabular flint use in the late prehistory of Valencian country (Mediterranean Spain). The on tabular flint lithic production is one of the more significant technological characteristics of the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in the Valencian country. The exploitation and the use of this type of flint is reduced to these periods, and it's usually associated with craft productions (large knives and daggers) and raw material circulation networks. The site of Ereta del Pedregal (Navarrés, Valencia), an important establishment of habitat, has delivered the best ensemble of tabular flint with two differents techno-industrial destinations according two varietys : the local tabular flint was employed to manufacture arrowheads, while the no local tabular flint were used preferentially to fabricate cutting tools. This second production in the site of Ereta, according to the stratigraphic available data, appears to be placed at he initial time of the neo-eneolithic sequence.
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The agricultural way of life spreads throughout Europe via two main routes: the Danube corridor a... more The agricultural way of life spreads throughout Europe via two main routes: the Danube corridor and the Mediterranean basin. Current archaeological literature describes the arrival to the Western Mediterranean as a rapid process which involves both demic and cultural models, and in this regard, the dispersal movement has been investigated using mathematical models, where the key factors are time and space. In this work, we have created a compilation of all available radiocarbon dates for the whole of Iberia, in order to draw a chronological series of maps to illustrate temporal and spatial patterns in the neolithisation process. The maps were prepared by calculating the calibrated 14C date probability density curves, as a proxy to show the spatial dynamics of the last hunter-gatherers and first farmers. Several scholars have pointed out problems linked with the variability of samples, such as the overrepresentation of some sites, the degree of regional research, the nature of the dated samples and above all the archaeological context, but we are confident that the selected dates, after applying some filters and statistical protocols, constitute a good way to approach settlement spatial patterns in Iberia at the time of the neolithisation process.
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In this paper we present a preliminary approach to the survey work carried out in La Canal de Nav... more In this paper we present a preliminary approach to the survey work carried out in La Canal de Navarrés (Valencia) since 2014 in the framework of the NSF Project " The Emergence of Coupled Natural and Human Landscapes in the Western Mediterranean ". The programme developed follows previous protocols established by us with the novelty of the use of new technologies (electronic devices) with the goal to make more dynamic the analysis of data in a GIS environment. The results confirm the existence, in several open-air locations, of prehistoric artefacts along the valley regarding to a wide chronology (from the final Pleistocene and covering the Holocene) that can be added to the sequence known at the area including Middle Palaeolithic to Bronze Age evidences.
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Recent excavations and radiocarbon work conducted at Cocina Cave (Valencia region, Eastern Iberia... more Recent excavations and radiocarbon work conducted at Cocina Cave (Valencia region, Eastern Iberia) provide new insights into the transition from foraging to farming in the eastern Iberian Peninsula between 8000 and 7300 cal yrs. BP. Cocina cave was discovered in 1940 and excavated by L. Pericot from 1941 to 1945. J. Fortea continued excavations in the 70s. Despite early international recognition and great promise of significance, the materials recovered from these excavations have only been partially analyzed and published. A new project started in 2012 is focused on these cave deposits with the main goal of understanding the occupation sequence during the neolithization process in the Western Mediterranean. The project includes a complete analysis of cultural material and biological remains of the previous excavations and integrates a 3D reconstruction of the stratigraphy and spatial analysis of the recorded artifact distributions. The results presented in this paper highlight the chronological position of materials deposited by the last hunter-gatherers and first farmers in Cocina cave based on data from the 1941 and 1945 trenches.
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Recerques del Museu d' …, Jan 1, 2001
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2015 field season report
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Entre les années 11500 et 7500 cal BP des importants changements se sont produits dans la composi... more Entre les années 11500 et 7500 cal BP des importants changements se sont produits dans la composition des équipements industriels des chasseurs holocens de la région centrale du Pays Valencien, sur le vessant mediterraneèn espagnol: a) la fin de l’Epipaléolithique microlaminaire de racine magdalénienne, qui incorpore des éléments sauveterriens et qui est nommé faciès Filador; b) l’accroissement de l’outillage macrolithique des encoches, denticulés et pièces retouchées qui est parallèle à la disparition de la taille laminaire et microlaminaire et à une brusque réduction de l’outillage microlithique c) le développement des industries tardenoides, faciès type Cocina, avec des armatures géométriques trapézoïdales. On aprècie cette nouvelle dynamique industrielle lors des nouvelles données obtenues dans Coves de Santa Maira et Abric de la Falguera, tout en mettant en contexte ces transformations dans le cadre radiochrologique, paleoambiental et paléoeconomique de cetterégion. La discussi...
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Quaternary International, 2013
The Iberian Peninsula south of the Ebro River enjoyed one of the mildest climates of Pleistocene ... more The Iberian Peninsula south of the Ebro River enjoyed one of the mildest climates of Pleistocene Europe, but still experienced significant and rapid environmental shifts caused by global climate regimes. We examine the interplay between technological, social, and land-use dynamics as culturally mediated responses to climate change outside the periglacial zone. We combine information from excavated sites across eastern and southeastern Spain with systematic survey data from an intensive study area within this larger region to examine Upper Paleolithic behavioral adaptations to the environmental shifts of the late Pleistocene (late MIS-3 through MIS-2). We define indexes that serve as proxies for land-use strategies, technological specialization, and hunting practices. Variation in these indices across space and through time provides the basis for a model of Upper Paleolithic ecodynamics. A consistent pattern of land-use, involving inland (and possibly coastal) base-camps and near-coastal hunting zones spanned the Mediterranean facade and was sufficiently flexible and resilient to environmental change to persist throughout the late Pleistocene.
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Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina, XXVIII, 2010
We present the results of recent archaeological work at Avenc dels Dos Forats or Cova del Moneder... more We present the results of recent archaeological work at Avenc dels Dos Forats or Cova del Monedero (Carcaixent, Valencia, Spain). Previous information suggested the existence of human remains and elaborate grave goods associated with funerary or ritual activities, particularly from the Late
Neolithic/Copper Age. New excavation indicates the complexity of prehistoric use of the cave and confirms its use as a burial site during the Late Neolithic/Copper Age and perhaps during the Bronze Age.
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Books by Oreto García Puchol
Papers by Oreto García Puchol
KEY WORDS: Late Neolithic/Calcolithic, big blades, raw material, specializing production, diffusion.
Abstract : Tabular flint use in the late prehistory of Valencian country (Mediterranean Spain). The on tabular flint lithic production is one of the more significant technological characteristics of the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in the Valencian country. The exploitation and the use of this type of flint is reduced to these periods, and it's usually associated with craft productions (large knives and daggers) and raw material circulation networks. The site of Ereta del Pedregal (Navarrés, Valencia), an important establishment of habitat, has delivered the best ensemble of tabular flint with two differents techno-industrial destinations according two varietys : the local tabular flint was employed to manufacture arrowheads, while the no local tabular flint were used preferentially to fabricate cutting tools. This second production in the site of Ereta, according to the stratigraphic available data, appears to be placed at he initial time of the neo-eneolithic sequence.
Neolithic/Copper Age. New excavation indicates the complexity of prehistoric use of the cave and confirms its use as a burial site during the Late Neolithic/Copper Age and perhaps during the Bronze Age.
KEY WORDS: Late Neolithic/Calcolithic, big blades, raw material, specializing production, diffusion.
Abstract : Tabular flint use in the late prehistory of Valencian country (Mediterranean Spain). The on tabular flint lithic production is one of the more significant technological characteristics of the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in the Valencian country. The exploitation and the use of this type of flint is reduced to these periods, and it's usually associated with craft productions (large knives and daggers) and raw material circulation networks. The site of Ereta del Pedregal (Navarrés, Valencia), an important establishment of habitat, has delivered the best ensemble of tabular flint with two differents techno-industrial destinations according two varietys : the local tabular flint was employed to manufacture arrowheads, while the no local tabular flint were used preferentially to fabricate cutting tools. This second production in the site of Ereta, according to the stratigraphic available data, appears to be placed at he initial time of the neo-eneolithic sequence.
Neolithic/Copper Age. New excavation indicates the complexity of prehistoric use of the cave and confirms its use as a burial site during the Late Neolithic/Copper Age and perhaps during the Bronze Age.
Key words: Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Human burial, 3D model, Virtual reconstruction, C14 data
is supported by the study of funerary practices.
The presence and significance of individual and collective
burials in Final Neolithic/Chalcolithic societies in
the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula provides new evidence
for the debate concerning the emergence of social
inequalities in this region. Our contribution is based on
the recent discovery and excavation of several individual
pit burials in domestic contexts at the site of La Vital
(Gandía, Valencia). The particularities of the identified
burials (different ritual episodes) and their content (Bell
Beaker pottery, metal objects, animal offerings) together
with an accurate chronometric database allow us to consider
several issues in relation to settlement dynamics,
social networks and relationships for the period from the
end of the 4th to the middle of the 3rd millennium cal
BC in the central area of the Mediterranean coast of the
Iberian Peninsula."
2014 Paperless survey? New methodological approaches to archaeological fieldwork, the case of La Canal de Navarrés (València). Paper presented at the “Workshop Dando sentido a la prospección arqueológica, Making sense of archaeological survey,” Jaén.
Riassunto Durante l'ultimo decennio, la nostra conoscenza dello strumentario litico Mesolitico nel Mediterraneo Oc-cidentale si è considerabilmente arricchita. Sappiamo che esistevano una varietà di strumenti utilizzati per scopi diversi: l'ottenimento di alimenti (sia attraverso la caccia, che la pesca), l'elaborazione di tali alimenti, la produzione di artefatti, etc. Strumenti di natura speditiva, scarsamente elaborati, coesisterono con strumenti formali, più complessi, spesso costituiti di più parti e di materie prime diverse (es. inserti in pietra, conchiglia, osso, manici in legno od osso, etc.). In questo articolo ci concentriamo su un particolare tipo di strumento che compare nel Mediterraneo Occidentale tra il VII-VI millennio a.C.: le lame a incavi e dentico-late. Consideriamo i materiali provenienti da cinque diverse siti del Mesolitico recente: la Grotta Cocina e il sito di Vallmayor IX nel nord-est della Penisola Iberica, il riparo sottoroccia di Artusia in Navarra e i siti di Atxoste e Mendandia nei Paesi Baschi e ne proponiamo un'interpretazione funzionale.