Faculty of Education

Irrespective of the existing provisions on gender equality, we must be aware that future teachers are carriers of their own cultural codes, as they are the product of the system from which they come. In this way, they create the most diverse gender stereotypes, which children can unconsciously transfer from the initial stage. Our research interest focused on finding out what positions future teachers take on gender stereotypes in relation to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in kindergarten. The results suggest that the respondents do not have rigid positions on gender, but it is possible that socially acceptable answers were presented here. For their positions on the use of ICT in the kindergarten they tend to use it and affirm that they would use it as a didactic tool in cases where boys and girls already express gender stereotypes. With this article we want to show the possibility of a connection between the digital literacy of future teachers and the cr...

Vzgojno-izobraževalne ustanove posedujejo velik potencial za zmanjševanje vpliva manjšinskega stresa na življenja mladih LGBTQ+. V članku se osredotočamo na rezilientnost mladih LGBTQ+ v okviru šolskega okolja. Opravljen sistematiziran integrativni pregled literature je zajel 57 empiričnih in teoretičnih kosov gradiva. Kvalitativna vsebinska analiza kaže, da lahko vzgojno-izobraževalne ustanove za učenke_ce LGBTQ+ predstavljajo pomemben vir skupnostnih procesov rezilientnosti, medtem ko je njihova vloga pri krepitvi individualnih procesov rezilientnosti manjša. Kot pomembna so se izkazala tudi področja, ki niso neposredno vezana na šolsko polje, a je v okviru le-teh za optimalen razvoj mladih LGBTQ+ zaželena zavzetost šolskega strokovnega osebja. Ključni pojmi: mladi LGBTQ+, vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem, rezilientnost, manjšinski stres, spol, spolna usmerjenost, sistematiziran integrativni pregled literature

POVZETEK – Gibalno/športna aktivnost je zelo pomembna
tako za posameznikov motorični kot tudi psihični
razvoj. Omogoča pridobivanje novih izkušenj,
sprejemanje in izbiranje informacij iz okolja ter njihovo
uporabo v različnih življenjskih situacijah. V prispevku
predstavljamo pregled dejavnikov, povezanih z
gibalno/športno aktivnostjo otrok in mladostnikov. Pri
tem izhajamo iz sodobnih študij, ki razvrščajo dejavnike
gibalne aktivnosti v sledeče skupine: demografske
in biološke, psihološke, socialne in okoljske. Dejavniki
gibalne/športne aktivnosti ne delujejo ločeno, temveč
se med seboj povezujejo in prepletajo. Raziskovanje
dejavnikov gibalne/športne aktivnosti vodi pogosto do
nekonsistentnih in nezanesljivih ugotovitev. Razloge
za to lahko najpogosteje iščemo v uporabi različnih
metod in merskih pripomočkov, pa tudi v različnih raziskovalnih
vzorcih otrok. V prispevku poudarjamo, da
je treba navedene dejavnike povezati z različnimi oblikami
gibalne/športne aktivnosti in ugotavljati njihov
učinek v specifičnih družbenih kontekstih.

Aim. The objective of the study was to examine self-esteem, anxiety level and coping strategies among secondary school students in relation to their involvement in organized sports.

Methods. The sample included 280 Slovenian male and female secondary school students aged between 15 and 19 years. The participants completed The Adolescent Coping Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the PSDQ Selfesteem Scale.

Results. Participants engaged in organized sports exhibited higher self-esteem scores and lower anxiety scores in comparison to non-sport participants. Differences between the two groups have also been identified with respect to the use of certain coping strategies. Sport participants reported more productive coping than non-sport participants, which represents an active and problem-focused approach to dealing with everyday problems. Gender differences in the referred variables have also been studied, with female athletes exhibiting higher levels of anxiety than male athletes. Female participants were also found to use more non-productive coping than males, focused mainly on reducing emotional effects of stress.

Conclusions. Organized youth sports have an important role in improving and maintaining a favorable sense of self-worth, reducing anxiety, and promoting productive coping strategies in adolescents when dealing with everyday problems.

The aim of the study was to examine the multidimensional physical self-concept among Slovenian adolescent males and females in relation to participation in sports. Three hundred and twenty participants aged between 13 and 18 were included in the study. The Slovenian version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to measure the participants' physical self-concept. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance indicated that sport participants had significantly higher scores on almost all the PSDQ subscales than non-sport participants. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that sports participation is associated with a more positive physical self-concept and greater self-esteem among adolescents. The findings confirm the existence of gender differences in the physical self-concept of adolescents, but it should be stressed that these differences are smaller in sport participants than non-sport participants. The results might be useful to reflect on effective physical education and sports programs in order to promote a more active and healthy lifestyle among adolescents.

Namen raziskave je bil preučiti telesno
samopodobo srednješolcev glede na status telesne
teže. V vzorec smo vključili 258 slovenskih mladostnic
in mladostnikov med 15. in 18. letom. Na podlagi indeksa
telesne mase (ITM) smo udeležence razdelili v
skupini s primerno in prekomerno prehranjenostjo.
Za ugotavljanje večsestavinske telesne samopodobe
smo uporabili slovensko obliko vprašalnika PSDQ
(Physical Self-Description Questionnaire). Ugotovili
smo, da se prekomerno prehranjeni mladostniki zaznavajo
kot bolj nezadovoljni z lastno telesno maso v
primerjavi s svojimi primerno prehranjenimi vrstniki.
Prekomerno prehranjeni mladostniki so dosegli tudi
pomembno nižje vrednosti v sestavinah, gibalna/športna
aktivnost, gibljivost, vzdržljivost in splošna telesna
samopodoba, v primerjavi z mladostniki s primerno
telesno težo. Prav tako so se pokazale nekatere specifične
razlike v vrednostih PSDQ med skupinama glede
na spol. Dobljeni rezultati podpirajo predpostavko o
negativni povezanosti med statusom telesne teže in telesno
samopodobo.

The purpose of the study was to examine
the physical self-concept of secondary school
students in relation to their body mass status. The
sample included 258 male and female Slovenian adolescents
between 15 and 18 years old. On the basis of
their body mass index (BMI) they were divided into
normal-weight and overweight groups. The Slovenian
version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire
(PSDQ) was used to determine the multidimensional
physical self-concept. The results indicated
that overweight students reported greater body fat
dissatisfaction compared to normal-weight students.
Overweight students also achieved significantly
lower scores in the PSDQ components of physical activity,
endurance, flexibility and global physical-self
than normal-weight peers. Differences in the PSDQ
scores were also found between the two groups, specifically
according to gender. The findings support the
assumption about the negative relationship between
BMI and physical self-concept.

Aim. The objective of the study was to examine self-esteem, anxiety level and coping strategies among secondary school students in relation to their involvement in organized sports. Methods. The sample included 280 Slovenian male and female secondary school students aged between 15 and 19 years. The participants completed The Adolescent Coping Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the PSDQ Selfesteem Scale. Results. Participants engaged in organized sports exhibited higher self-esteem scores and lower anxiety scores in comparison to non-sport participants. Differences between the two groups have also been identified with respect to the use of certain coping strategies. Sport participants reported more productive coping than non-sport participants, which represents an active and problem-focused approach to dealing with everyday problems. Gender differences in the referred variables have also been studied, with female athletes exhibiting higher levels of anxiety than male athletes. Female participants were also found to use more non-productive coping than males, focused mainly on reducing emotional effects of stress. Conclusions. Organized youth sports have an important role in improving and maintaining a favorable sense of self-worth, reducing anxiety, and promoting productive coping strategies in adolescents when dealing with everyday problems.

Sažetak
SLOBODNA IGRA
              Djeca imaju potrebu za igrom koja je sastavni i neophodan dio njihovog djetinjstva.  Slobodna igra djece može biti potpuno samostalna ili se u nju može uključiti i odrasla osoba (roditelj, odgojitelj) posebno ako primijeti da je djeci potreban poticaj.  Dijete ima mogućnost različitog izbora aktivnosti poput istraživanja, igranja različitim igračkama, slaganja, crtanja, kostimiranja i slično. U vrtiću se sve više potiče slobodna igra gdje su  djeca stvaraoci i izumitelji novih igara i igračaka, i nudi ima se mnoštvo raznog neoblikovanog materijala. Sastavni dio ovog rada je i kraći video zapis na kojem možemo vidjeti kako je jedan dječak iz starije odgojne skupine pokrenuo istraživačku igru, a odgojiteljica je dala dodatni poticaj. Humanistički pristup u odgoju i obrazovanje djece predškolske dobi potiče djecu na samostalno istraživanje i stvaralaštvo gdje odgojitelj ima „sporednu“ ulogu. Ovim kratkim radom biti će prikazano kako slobodna igra djece ima veliku ulogu u razvoju njihovih vještina, kako socijalnih, tako i intelektualnih.
Ključne riječi: djeca, humanistički pristup, igra, slobodna igra, razvoj
Abstract
        Children need to play, which is an integral and indispensable part of their childhood and a healthy mental and physical development. Adult (parent, teacher) may be involved in the game especially if they perceive that the children needed boost. The child has the option of dissimilar games and activities such as research, playing a variety of toys, stacking, drawing, costuming and more. The nurseries are increasingly encouraging free play where children become creators and inventors of new games and toys and also offers a multitude of various materials unformatted. The aim of this work is the video clip where we can see how the boy from earlier educational groups independently initiated exploratory play, and educator gave an extra boost. Humanistic approach to the education of children of preschool age, encourages children to independently research and creativity, where educators have "secondary" role. In this short work will be displayed and the answer to how children have free play a major role in the development of their skills as social, and intellectual abilities.
Keywords: children, development, free play, game, humanistic approach