Ex Baetica Romam. Homenaje a José Remesal Rodríguez. V., Aguilera Martín, A., Pons Pujol, Ll., García Sánchez, M. (eds.) Col·lecció Homentages 58. Universitat de Barcelona. 865-894., 2020, 2020
Las villae de la costa de Castellón, ¿uno o varios modelos de implantación?
El yacimiento de Sant... more Las villae de la costa de Castellón, ¿uno o varios modelos de implantación?
El yacimiento de Sant Gregori puede revelar la existencia de un modelo práctico de villa marítima polifuncional durante el Alto Imperio
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De inicio, este trabajo ha supuesto el estudio de material cerámico inédito de Torre d'Onda depositado en los almacenes del Museo Arqueológico de Burriana. El repertorio de cerámicas ibéricas e itálicas sólo se conocía parcialmente, siendo estos conjuntos mucho más extensos de lo que se había pensado hasta entonces. Además, muchas de las piezas ibéricas presentan una rica decoración de temática zoomorfa, fitomorfa, geométrica y plástica. También tuvimos la ocasión de comprobar que había un lote de material muy interesante de importaciones cerámicas itálicas de cocina y un contexto significativo de ánforas itálicas y del sur peninsular, lo que nos hizo comprender que era necesario revisar su tipología , la cronología y la difusión, además de realizar una puesta en conjunto de toda la información.
Las principales novedades que aporta el trabajo se centran especialmente en las cerámicas pintadas de época ibérica y la cerámica de importación procedente del ámbito itálico en época tardorrepublicana, lo que ha significado estudiar un conjunto ceramológico inédito en la investigación del yacimiento y , como se ha comentado, relativamente ausente en los contextos iberorromanos de los yacimientos costeros y litorales del territorio de Sagunto. De las excavaciones de Torre de Onda proceden vasos ibéricos pintados ―algunos muy interesantes dentro del repertorio vascular ibérico―, cerámicas a mano y de cocina ibéricas, ánforas ibéricas, cerámica campaniense A, B y calena tardía, cerámica de cocina itálica, ánforas itálicas procedentes de la costa tirrénica y adriática junto a otras de origen peninsular y cerámica gris bruñida, que han permitido establecer fechas con una precisión decenal y secuenciar el cambio histórico más importante de este yacimiento costero durante el primer tercio del siglo I a.C., concretamente entre el 90-70 a.C., ligada probablemente al desarrollo del episodio sertoriano. También se han revisado los contextos de ocupación romana republicana documentados en las excavaciones realizadas en la zona litoral del territorio saguntino.
Este trabajo realiza una revisión de todo el contexto material, a la vez que permite plantear una visión del final del período ibérico en estas tierras. La cerámica es un testimonio clave para reconstruir el final de esta etapa, cuya interpretación histórica ha estado condicionada por la escasez de información por parte de las fuentes escritas durante el siglo I a.C. y la falta de datos arqueológicos concretos sobre las guerras sertorianas, que hacían creer que las comunidades locales apenas se habían visto afectadas por este conflicto.
the coastal plain to the north of Sagunto and the Plana de Castellón. It was first made known in the 19th century, and from that time on, it
has not ceased to attract the attention of researchers due to the importance of the Iberian and Latin epigraphs associated with the site. This paper presents the information derived from the study of the excavations conducted at the site in August 2017, using different, well-dated ceramic assemblages as a basis for analysis. It studies the Iberian ceramics, the unpublished ceramic imports and a terracotta relief that is
deposited in the Centro Arqueológico de Sagunto, thereby bringing all the information together.
Limestone bedrock is dissolved by groundwater and generates karst landscapes (potholes, caves, sinkholes, etc.), it is also fragmented by the effect of cryoclasty (water infiltrated in cracks becomes ice, increasing volume and therefore fracturing the rock). Limestone is ultimately eroded by the action of rivers. These phenomena have led to a form of habitat that has not long ago been used by nomadic shepherds as shelter and fold, but also as farmhouses-cave by the time population growth reached a peak and fled from villages and farmhouses to find sustenance.
Rivers and vegetation complete a landscape that, although having been subjected to many changes over thousands of years, still helps us to explain the origin of prehistoric societies. Riverbeds and ravines were used as means of communication, whereas shelters, with a dominant location in height, served as authentic buttes and check points easy to defend. Vegetation, meanwhile, gave protection and material for harvesting exploitation, thanks to dense and more heterogeneous forests (regarding species) than the ones today. The province of Castellón highlights by its recurrent geographical distribution of paintings, one of the richest rock art representation throughout the Comunidad Valenciana, and which makes of Castellón the ideal setting for a thorough understanding of the manifestations of rock art. In this chapter, we will review the geographical interest of these representations as they are depicted on the headwaters of several river basins in the province and its ravines. When we, historians, follow a geographic focus on the study of rock art, we must discover the existing relationship with the landscape where it is located. The northern area of the province of Castellón has a set of mountain ranges that alternate mountainous elevations with gentle limestone and marly clay depressions, together with a series of valleys along ravines where we can find successions of rock art representations, frequently in shelters. Geographical interpretation aims at establishing landscape variability and analysing these shelters; however, the factors affecting the site, the environmental elements and an assessment of their potential means (i.e. relief, geology, geomorphology, soils, climate, water and vegetation) have to be taken into consideration, too. We have to relate the landscape of Levantine rock art to certain economic activities carried out by humans since the Neolithic. Neolithic social groups practiced an economy based on agriculture of cereals and leguminous, logging, mining, wood consumption and the introduction of grazing causing outstanding changes in the composition of vegetation. Since the early Neolithic, some patterns have been recognized in the rock art sites along the Valencian territory which illustrate their creation, resulting from human exploitation, and therefore economic of the natural landscape. In this chapter we describe how humans influenced on the territory since the Neolithic. Landscape became an important part contributing to the resources needed for living. The study also describes the vegetal ground cover in the regions of the Mediterranean peninsular coast and the various changes produced throughout historical periods to date.
materials belong to the Bronze Age as well as to Iberian and Roman Republic times. With the aim of further analysing these findings, both at structure and element levels, an exhaustive documentation process is being carried out using technological resources that include laser scanning, geophysical studies and Rx analysis. These works are conducted in coordination with two higher education institutions, namely Jaume I University and Polytechnic University of Valencia.
Due to the large amount of existing Muslim ware items that still need to be examined, this study does not provide a complete overview of the research that has been conducted in this regard. Instead, the purpose of this paper is to present a study about the pottery, as well as the production centres located in the area of Castellón de la Plana, based on our self-experience in the field. Thus, the most relevant findings have been examined, including pottery workshops and typologies, ornamental samples and their connection with other ceramic elements of the time.
El yacimiento de Sant Gregori puede revelar la existencia de un modelo práctico de villa marítima polifuncional durante el Alto Imperio
De inicio, este trabajo ha supuesto el estudio de material cerámico inédito de Torre d'Onda depositado en los almacenes del Museo Arqueológico de Burriana. El repertorio de cerámicas ibéricas e itálicas sólo se conocía parcialmente, siendo estos conjuntos mucho más extensos de lo que se había pensado hasta entonces. Además, muchas de las piezas ibéricas presentan una rica decoración de temática zoomorfa, fitomorfa, geométrica y plástica. También tuvimos la ocasión de comprobar que había un lote de material muy interesante de importaciones cerámicas itálicas de cocina y un contexto significativo de ánforas itálicas y del sur peninsular, lo que nos hizo comprender que era necesario revisar su tipología , la cronología y la difusión, además de realizar una puesta en conjunto de toda la información.
Las principales novedades que aporta el trabajo se centran especialmente en las cerámicas pintadas de época ibérica y la cerámica de importación procedente del ámbito itálico en época tardorrepublicana, lo que ha significado estudiar un conjunto ceramológico inédito en la investigación del yacimiento y , como se ha comentado, relativamente ausente en los contextos iberorromanos de los yacimientos costeros y litorales del territorio de Sagunto. De las excavaciones de Torre de Onda proceden vasos ibéricos pintados ―algunos muy interesantes dentro del repertorio vascular ibérico―, cerámicas a mano y de cocina ibéricas, ánforas ibéricas, cerámica campaniense A, B y calena tardía, cerámica de cocina itálica, ánforas itálicas procedentes de la costa tirrénica y adriática junto a otras de origen peninsular y cerámica gris bruñida, que han permitido establecer fechas con una precisión decenal y secuenciar el cambio histórico más importante de este yacimiento costero durante el primer tercio del siglo I a.C., concretamente entre el 90-70 a.C., ligada probablemente al desarrollo del episodio sertoriano. También se han revisado los contextos de ocupación romana republicana documentados en las excavaciones realizadas en la zona litoral del territorio saguntino.
Este trabajo realiza una revisión de todo el contexto material, a la vez que permite plantear una visión del final del período ibérico en estas tierras. La cerámica es un testimonio clave para reconstruir el final de esta etapa, cuya interpretación histórica ha estado condicionada por la escasez de información por parte de las fuentes escritas durante el siglo I a.C. y la falta de datos arqueológicos concretos sobre las guerras sertorianas, que hacían creer que las comunidades locales apenas se habían visto afectadas por este conflicto.
the coastal plain to the north of Sagunto and the Plana de Castellón. It was first made known in the 19th century, and from that time on, it
has not ceased to attract the attention of researchers due to the importance of the Iberian and Latin epigraphs associated with the site. This paper presents the information derived from the study of the excavations conducted at the site in August 2017, using different, well-dated ceramic assemblages as a basis for analysis. It studies the Iberian ceramics, the unpublished ceramic imports and a terracotta relief that is
deposited in the Centro Arqueológico de Sagunto, thereby bringing all the information together.
Limestone bedrock is dissolved by groundwater and generates karst landscapes (potholes, caves, sinkholes, etc.), it is also fragmented by the effect of cryoclasty (water infiltrated in cracks becomes ice, increasing volume and therefore fracturing the rock). Limestone is ultimately eroded by the action of rivers. These phenomena have led to a form of habitat that has not long ago been used by nomadic shepherds as shelter and fold, but also as farmhouses-cave by the time population growth reached a peak and fled from villages and farmhouses to find sustenance.
Rivers and vegetation complete a landscape that, although having been subjected to many changes over thousands of years, still helps us to explain the origin of prehistoric societies. Riverbeds and ravines were used as means of communication, whereas shelters, with a dominant location in height, served as authentic buttes and check points easy to defend. Vegetation, meanwhile, gave protection and material for harvesting exploitation, thanks to dense and more heterogeneous forests (regarding species) than the ones today. The province of Castellón highlights by its recurrent geographical distribution of paintings, one of the richest rock art representation throughout the Comunidad Valenciana, and which makes of Castellón the ideal setting for a thorough understanding of the manifestations of rock art. In this chapter, we will review the geographical interest of these representations as they are depicted on the headwaters of several river basins in the province and its ravines. When we, historians, follow a geographic focus on the study of rock art, we must discover the existing relationship with the landscape where it is located. The northern area of the province of Castellón has a set of mountain ranges that alternate mountainous elevations with gentle limestone and marly clay depressions, together with a series of valleys along ravines where we can find successions of rock art representations, frequently in shelters. Geographical interpretation aims at establishing landscape variability and analysing these shelters; however, the factors affecting the site, the environmental elements and an assessment of their potential means (i.e. relief, geology, geomorphology, soils, climate, water and vegetation) have to be taken into consideration, too. We have to relate the landscape of Levantine rock art to certain economic activities carried out by humans since the Neolithic. Neolithic social groups practiced an economy based on agriculture of cereals and leguminous, logging, mining, wood consumption and the introduction of grazing causing outstanding changes in the composition of vegetation. Since the early Neolithic, some patterns have been recognized in the rock art sites along the Valencian territory which illustrate their creation, resulting from human exploitation, and therefore economic of the natural landscape. In this chapter we describe how humans influenced on the territory since the Neolithic. Landscape became an important part contributing to the resources needed for living. The study also describes the vegetal ground cover in the regions of the Mediterranean peninsular coast and the various changes produced throughout historical periods to date.
materials belong to the Bronze Age as well as to Iberian and Roman Republic times. With the aim of further analysing these findings, both at structure and element levels, an exhaustive documentation process is being carried out using technological resources that include laser scanning, geophysical studies and Rx analysis. These works are conducted in coordination with two higher education institutions, namely Jaume I University and Polytechnic University of Valencia.
Due to the large amount of existing Muslim ware items that still need to be examined, this study does not provide a complete overview of the research that has been conducted in this regard. Instead, the purpose of this paper is to present a study about the pottery, as well as the production centres located in the area of Castellón de la Plana, based on our self-experience in the field. Thus, the most relevant findings have been examined, including pottery workshops and typologies, ornamental samples and their connection with other ceramic elements of the time.
El yacimiento de Sant Gregori puede revelar la existencia de un modelo práctico de villa marítima polifuncional durante el Alto Imperio
muchas páginas de intenso relato. En todas ellas queda majestuosamente reflejado el prestigio que siempre la acompañará y las pruebas materiales de un envidiable patrimonio, merecedor de un reconocimiento internacional.
El libro presenta tres enfoques sobre la historia y la arqueología de la ciudad desde época ibérica hasta el ocaso de la presencia romana:
SAGUNTUM: HISTORIA Y PRESTIGIO; EL TERRITORIO DE ARSE-SAGUNTUM EN ÉPOCA IBÉRICA; y LA SAGUNTUM ROMANA Y MONUMENTAL.
Palabras clave: Saguntum, Alto Imperio, redes viarias, propaganda y poder local.
ABSTRACT: During the government of Augustus the city of Sagunto was transformed in a place symbol of modernity. It is no coincidence that the necessary developing infrastructures were consolidated around it for an optimal development: higher quality viae or better port platforms. Different type of streets emerged following an order of importance depending many times on the wealth of their users. Towards the exit of the city burial monuments were placed honoring relevant citizens. As many other major towns of Hispania, Saguntum is not an exception of great transformations.
Keywords: Saguntum, Higth Roman Empire, Roman roads, propaganda and municipal power.
Augusto en un lugar símbolo de la nueva modernidad, no es casualidad
que en ella se concentraran las infraestructuras necesarias para el
desarrollo, las viae de superior calidad y se construyeran las mejores
plataformas portuarias. Surgieron diversos tipos de calles siguiendo
un orden de importancia dependiendo muchas veces de la riqueza
del beneficiario. A la salida de la ciudad se colocaron monumentos
funerarios en honor a las personas más relevantes. Al igual que otras
grandes ciudades de Hispania, Sagunto no escapa a estas profundas
transformaciones.
Abstract: During the government of Augustus the city of Sagunto was
transformed in a place symbol of modernity. It is no coincidence that the
necessary developing infrastructures were consolidated around it for
an optimal development: higher quality viae or better port platforms.
Different type of streets emerged following an order of importance
depending many times on the wealth of their users. Towards the exit of
the city burial monuments were placed honoring relevant citizens. As
many other major towns of Hispania, Saguntum is not an exception of
great transformations.