- A Data Appendix A.1 Aggregation of Local Labor Markets Assignment of political districts to West German local labor markets is based on commuting flows and follows Kropp and Schwengler (2011). East Germany is left out of the analysis. Local labor markets are further classified into the groups: urban - north (red), rural - north (orange), urban - south (darkblue) and rural - south (lightblue). Southern areas are located in BadenWuerttemberg and Bavaria. The classification of local labor markets into rural and urban is based on BBSR (2014). Figure A.1 shows the classification across Germany.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ——— (2005): “Reinventing Boston: 1630–2003,†Journal of Economic Geography, 5, 119–153.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ——— (2008): Cities, Agglomeration, and Spatial Equilibrium, Cambridge, UK: Oxford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ——— (2011): Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier and Happier, New York, NY: Penguin Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ——— (2017b): “Regionaldatenbank Deutschland: Statistik der allgemeinbildenden Schulen,†URL: https://www.regionalstatistik.de/genesis/online/ data;jsessionid=69E491BC7F859D12B21C590C0D19D109.reg2?operation= abruftabelleAbrufen&selectionname=21111-01-03-4&levelindex=1& levelid=1558971361255&index=1.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
ABOWD, J. M., F. KRAMARZ, AND D. N. MARGOLIS (1999): “High wage workers and high wage firms,†Econometrica, 67, 251–333.
ACEMOGLU, D. AND D. H. AUTOR (2011): “Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings,†in Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 4 Part B, ed. by D. Card and O. Ashenfelter, Elsevier, chap. 12, 1043–1171.
ARNTZ, M. (2010): “What Attracts Human Capital? Understanding the Skill Composition of Interregional Job Matches in Germany,†Regional Studies, 44, 423–441.
AUTOR, D. (2019): “Work of the Past, Work of the Future,†in Richard T. Ely Lecture given at Annual Meeting of American Economics Association, Atlanta, GA, January, vol. 4.
AUTOR, D., D. DORN, G. HANSON, AND K. MAJLESI (2016): “Importing political polarization? The electoral consequences of rising trade exposure,†Working Paper 22637, NBER.
BÖHM, M., H.-M. VON GAUDECKER, AND F. SCHRAN (2019): “Occupation Growth, Skill Prices, and Wage Inequality,†Working Paper.
- BAUMERT, J., C. ARTELT, E. KLIEME, M. NEUBRAND, M. PRENZEL, U. SCHIEFELE, W. SCHNEIDER, K.-J. TILLMANN, AND M. WEISS (2013): PISA 2000—Die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Vergleich, Springer-Verlag.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- BBSR (2014): “Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung: Raumabgrenzungen,†URL: https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/DE/Raumbeobachtung/Downloads/ downloads_node.html.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
BERRY, C. R. AND E. L. GLAESER (2005): “The divergence of human capital levels across cities,†Papers in Regional Science, 84, 407–444.
- BLANCHARD, O. J. AND L. F. KATZ (1992): “Regional Evolutions,†Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1992, 1–75.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
BLEAKLEY, H. AND J. LIN (2012): “Thick-Market Effects and Churning in the Labor Market: Evidence from US Cities,†Journal of Urban Economics, 72, 87 – 103.
BOUND, J. AND H. J. HOLZER (2000): “Demand Shifts, Population Adjustments, and Labor Market Outcomes During the 1980s,†Journal of Labor Economics, 18, 20–54.
BRNY, Z. AND C. SIEGEL (2018): “Job Polarization and Structural Change,†American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 10, 59–89.
- BUNDESKRIMINALAMT (2018): “Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik, PKS 2018 -BKA (Länder-, Kreis- und Städte) Übersicht Falltabellen,†URL: https: //www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/ PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/PKS2018/BKATabellen/ bkaTabellenLaenderKreiseStaedteFaelle.html?nn=108686.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
CARD, D., J. HEINING, AND P. KLINE (2013): “Workplace Heterogeneity and the Rise of West German Wage Inequality,†Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128, 967–1015.
COMBES, P.-P., G. DURANTON, AND L. GOBILLON (2008): “Spatial Wage Disparities: Sorting Matters!†Journal of Urban Economics, 63, 723–742.
COMBES, P.-P., G. DURANTON, L. GOBILLON, AND S. ROUXE (2012): “Sorting and local wage and skill distributions in France,†Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42, 913–930.
CORTES, G. M. (2016): “Where Have the Middle-Wage Workers Gone? A Study of Polarization Using Panel Data,†Journal of Labor Economics, 34, 63–105.
CZERNICH, N., O. FALCK, T. KRETSCHMER, AND L. WOESSMANN (2011): “Broadband infrastructure and economic growth,†The Economic Journal, 121, 505–532.
D’COSTA, S. AND H. G. OVERMAN (2014): “The Urban Wage Growth Premium: Sorting or Learning?†Regional Science and Urban Economics, 48, 168–179.
DAHL, G. B. (2002): “Mobility and the Return to Education: Testing a Roy Model with Multiple Markets,†Econometrica, 70, 2367–2420.
DAUTH, W., S. FINDEISEN, AND J. SÜDEKUM (2017): “Trade and Manufacturing Jobs in Germany, †American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 107, 337–342.
DAUTH, W., S. FINDEISEN, E. MORETTI, AND J. SÜDEKUM (2019): “Matching in Cities,†IZA Discussion Paper No. 12278.
DE LA ROCA, J. AND D. PUGA (2017): “Learning by Working in Big Cities,†Review of Economic Studies, 84, 106–142.
DIAMOND, R. (2016): “The Determinants and Welfare Implications of US Workers’ Diverging Location Choices by Skill: 1980-2000,†American Economic Review, 106, 479–524.
DINARDO, J., N. M. FORTIN, AND T. LEMIEUX (1996): “Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach,†Econometrica, 64, 1001–1044.
DURANTON, G. (2007): “Urban Evolutions: The Fast, the Slow, and the Still,†American Economic Review, 97.
DURANTON, G. AND D. PUGA (2004): “Micro-foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies, †in Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4, 2063–2117.
DUSTMANN, C. AND A. GLITZ (2015): “How do Industries and Firms Respond to Changes in Local Labor Supply?†Journal of Labor Economics, 33, 711–750.
DUSTMANN, C., J. LUDSTECK, AND U. SCHÖNBERG (2009): “Revisiting the German wage structure,†Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 843–881.
FINDEISEN, S. AND J. SÜDEKUM (2008): “Industry Churning and the Evolution of Cities: Evidence for Germany,†Journal of Urban Economics, 64, 326 – 339.
- FITZENBERGER, B., A. OSIKOMINU, AND R. VÖLTER (2006): “Imputation Rules to Improve the Education Variable in the IAB Employment Subsample,†Schmollers Jahrbuch(Journal of the Applied Social Sciences), 126, 405–436.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
GLAESER, E. L. (1999): “Learning in Cities,†Journal of Urban Economics, 46, 254–277.
HECKMAN, J. J., L. LOCHNER, AND C. TABER (1998): “Explaining Rising Wage Inequality: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Labor Earnings with Heterogeneous Agents,†Review of Economic Dynamics, 1, 1–58. HSIEH, C.-T., E. HURST, C. I. JONES, AND P. J. KLENOW (forthcoming): “The Allocation of Talent and U.S. Economic Growth,†Econometrica.
- KAWKA, R., S. BEISSWENGER, G. COSTA, H. KEMMERLING, S. MÜLLER, T. PÜTZ, H. SCHMIDT, S. SCHMIDT, AND M. TRIMBORN (2009): “Regionaler Preisindex, Berichte Band 30,†Tech. rep., Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung, Bonn, uRL: https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/DE/Veroeffentlichungen/Abgeschlossen/ Berichte/2009_2010/Bd30RegPreisindex.html.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
KLINE, P. AND E. MORETTI (2014): “People, Places, and Public Policy: Some Simple Welfare Economics of Local Economic Development Programs,†Annual Review of Economics, 6, 629– 662.
- KROPP, P. AND B. SCHWENGLER (2011): “Abgrenzung von Arbeitsmarktregionen - ein Methodenvorschlag, †Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 1, 45–62.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
MANNING, A. AND B. PETRONGOLO (2017): “How Local are Labor Markets? Evidence from a Spatial Job Search Model,†American Economic Review, 107, 2877–2907.
- MORETTI, E. (2012): The New Geography of Jobs, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- PROGNOS (2018): “Hintergrund zur Großen ZDF-Deutschland-Studie,†Tech. rep., prognos AG, Berlin, uRL: http://deutschlandstudie.prognos.com/fileadmin/ Dokumente/kdjbvkjsdbvlasdjvlaihsdfdaihfaihdgfih1isdfhvai4/ Hintergrund-PDF_Deutschlandstudie_Mai_2018.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
ROBACK, J. (1988): “Wages, Rents, and Amenities: Differences Among Workers and Regions,†Economic Inquiry, 26, 23–41.
- ROSEN, S. (1986): “The theory of equalizing differences,†in Handbook of Labor Economics, ed. by O. Ashenfelter and R. Layard, Elsevier, vol. 1, chap. 12, 641 – 692.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
ROY, A. D. (1951): “Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings,†Oxford Economic Papers, 3, 135–146.
- SÜDEKUM, J. (2008): “Convergence of the skill composition across German regions,†Regional Science and Urban Economics, 38, 148 – 159.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
SORKIN, I. (2018): “Ranking Firms Using Revealed Preference,†Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133, 1331–1393.
- STATISTISCHE ÄMTER DES BUNDES UND DER LÄNDER (2017a): “Regionaldatenbank Deutschland: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes,†URL: https: //www.regionalstatistik.de/genesis/online/data;jsessionid= 63B2B49818074223523B1E3FABD6039A.reg2?operation=previous& levelindex=3&levelid=1558971972857&levelid=1558971948778&step=2.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- WHEATON, W. C. (1979): “Metropolitan Growth, Unemployment, and Interregional Factor Mobility,†in Interregional Movements and Regional Growth, ed. by W. C. Wheaton, Urban Institute, 237 – 253.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
WHEELER, C. H. (2006): “Cities and the Growth of Wages Among Young Workers: Evidence from the NLSY,†Journal of Urban Economics, 60, 162–184.
YAMAGUCHI, S. (2018): “Changes in Returns to Task-Specific Skills and Gender Wage Gap,†Journal of Human Resources, 53, 32–70.