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- AUT BEL FIN FRA GER GRC IRL ITA NDL PRT ESP DNK SWE UKD AUS CAN JAP KOR NZL CHE USA 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 7,5 8,5 9,5 AUT BEL FIN FRA GER GRC IRL ITA NDL PRT ESP DNK SWE UKD AUS CAN JAP NZL CHE USA 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 14 Chart 7 - Income Distribution and social expenditure, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows social expenditure in % of GDP, the vertical axis reflects the Gini index for disposable income. The average performance is set as 1..
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- AUT BEL FIN FRA GER GRC IRL ITA NDL PRT ESP DNK SWE UKD AUS CAN JAP KOR NZL CHE USA Average AUT BEL CAN DNK FIN FRA DEU GRC IRL ITA JPN LUX NLD NOR PRT ESP SWE CHE GBR USA 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,2 1,4 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Public Sector Performance Total Public Spending(% of GDP) Chart 3 - Administration performance and real expenditure, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows public consumption expenditure in % of GDP, the vertical axis shows country performance across a set of indicators including corruption, red tape, independent judiciary, size of the shadow economy and rule of law with average performance set as 1.
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- AUT BEL FIN FRA GER GRC IRL ITA NDL PRT ESP DNK SWE UKD AUS CAN JAP KOR NZL SGP CHE USA 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 10 15 20 25 AUT BEL FIN FRA GER GRC IRL ITA NDL PRT ESP DNK SWE UKD AUS CAN JAP KOR NZL CHE USA 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 13 Chart 5 - Health performance and health expenditure, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows public health expenditure in % of GDP and the vertical axis reflects health performance as measured by life expectancy and infant mortality. The average performance is set as 1.
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- Chart 1 - Total Government Spending, Average 2008-2017 (% of GDP) Source: OECD.
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- Chart 2 - DEA Model including all Countries Source: Afonso and Kazemi, 2017. Public sector performance reflects aggregate performance across indicators as in Afonso, Schuknecht and Tanzi (2005) and Afonso and Kazemi (2017), with the average performance set as 1.
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- Chart 4 - Education performance and education expenditure, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows public education expenditure as % of GDP, the vertical axis is based on 2015 Pisa scores with average performance set as 1.
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- Chart 6 - Infrastructure performance and public investment, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows public investment in % of GDP, the vertical axis reflects performance according to the World Bank Infrastructure quality indicator with the average set as 1.
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- Chart 8 - Economic stability and government spending, 2017 Source: Own calculations. The horizontal axis shows total expenditure in % of GDP, the vertical axis reflects economic stability as measured by the volatility of output growth and inflation in line with price stability. Average performance is set as 1.
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