Mari

Mari (leo hii Tell Hariri nchini Syria) ilikuwa dola-mji wa ustaarabu wa Mesopotamia baina ya miaka 2900 - 1760 hivi KK.

Mji huo ulikuwa kando ya mto Frati, takriban katikati ya kitovu cha Mesopotamia na pwani ya Mediteranea na hivyo kitovu muhimu cha biashara ya kimataifa ya wakati ule.

Ulikuwa pia kitovu muhimu cha utamaduni na sanaa na kwa vipindi kadhaa ulitawala milki kubwa, ukishindana hasa na Ebla.

Katika mabaki yake yamepatikana maandishi mengi katika vigae.

Sanaa kutoka Mari

Mihuri kutoka Mari
Sanamu ya simba kutoka Mari
Mungu wa kike mwenye chombo kutoka Mari
Sanamu ya mwombaji iliyopatikana katika hekalu la Mari

Marejeo

Akkermans, Peter M. M. G; Schwartz, Glenn M (2003). The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c.16,000-300 BC). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79666-8.
Aruz, Joan; Wallenfels, Ronald (2003). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-588-39043-1.
Bryce, Trevor (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-191-00292-2.
Bryce, Trevor (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-15908-6.
Coogan, Michael David (2001). The Oxford History of the Biblical World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513937-2.
Crawford, Harriet (2013). The Sumerian World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-21912-2.
Dalley, Stephanie (2002). Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities. Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-931956-02-4.
Feliu, Lluís (2003). The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria. Bill. ISBN 978-9-004-13158-3.
Frayne, Douglas (1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003–1595 BC). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-5873-7.
Frayne, Douglas (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-442-69047-9.
Green, Alberto Ravinell Whitney (2003). The Storm-god in the Ancient Near East. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-069-9.
Gordon, Cyrus; Rendsburg, Gary; Winter, Nathan (2002). Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language, Volume 4. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-060-6.
Heimpel, Wolfgang (2003). Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-575-06080-4.
Kühne, Hartmut; Czichon, Rainer; Kreppner, Florian (2008). 4 ICAANE. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05757-8.
Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-78795-1.
Liverani, Mario (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-75091-7.
Podany, Amanda (2010). Brotherhood of Kings: How International Relations Shaped the Ancient Near East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-79875-9.
Viollet, Pierre-Louis (2007). Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations: 5,000 Years of History. CRC Press. ISBN 978-9-078-04605-9.

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya kihistoria bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Mari kama enzi zake au matokeo yake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.