... England by car bombs that seriously injured a 13-month-old child (News & Comment, 22 ... more ... England by car bombs that seriously injured a 13-month-old child (News & Comment, 22 June, p. 1485) indicates that Sullivan's characterization is ... of the Smithsonian Institution is a recent con-vert to the viewpoint that there is convinc-ing evidence for a pre-Clovis occupation of ...
... Source: N/A. More Info: Help Peer-Reviewed: N/A. Publisher: Merritt Ruhlen, Dept. of Linguist... more ... Source: N/A. More Info: Help Peer-Reviewed: N/A. Publisher: Merritt Ruhlen, Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ($15.00, student price $9.00, orders of five or more $9.00 each). Publication Date: 1975-00-00. Pages: 356. Pub Types: Books. ...
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1995
... Even before the book appeared, one scholar called for Greenberg'... more ... Even before the book appeared, one scholar called for Greenberg's classification to be "shouted down," and after publication, another scholar called it "subversive." Chapter 6 attempts to place this ongoing controversy in its proper historical context, tracing its origins to similar ...
In this study we relate language differences on a global scale with genetic distances for the sam... more In this study we relate language differences on a global scale with genetic distances for the same populations. The analysis is carried out on more populations (130) but fewer genetic systems (11) than earlier studies. We constructed an overall genetic distance matrix that allowed for missing values. A separate genetic distance matrix was also computed for each genetic system, and matching matrices of linguistic and geographic distances were associated with each genetic distance matrix, because the number of populations used differed among the genetic systems studied. Significant matrix correlations between language and genetics were found for both overall genetic distances and a substantial number of genetic systems, even when the effects of geographic distances were held constant. This demonstrates a significant correspondence between genetics and language on a global scale. Genetic matrices were correlated with two different linguistic distance matrices: one with higher (supraphyletic) taxonomic structure, in which among other features sub-Saharan Africans separate from non-Africans in the basal split and the Eurasiatic superphylum is postulated; and one without such structure. The correlations yield no genetic evidence to support the proposed higher linguistic structure. UPGMA and neighbor-joining trees were constructed for linguistic and genetic data. The proposed African split pattern is not supported by these data. Both types of trees indicate a pattern of grouping of east Asians, Arctic populations, and Australian natives separating from Caucasoid and African populations.
There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Langu... more There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Language plays a key role in the study of any living human society, and of all historical communities which have left us written records. In theory it could also throw enormous ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 3, 2015
Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test wh... more Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test whether this demographic history has left similar signatures on phonemes-sound units that distinguish meaning between words in languages-to those it has left on genes. We analyze, jointly and in parallel, phoneme inventories from 2,082 worldwide languages and microsatellite polymorphisms from 246 worldwide populations. On a global scale, both genetic distance and phonemic distance between populations are significantly correlated with geographic distance. Geographically close language pairs share significantly more phonemes than distant language pairs, whether or not the languages are closely related. The regional geographic axes of greatest phonemic differentiation correspond to axes of genetic differentiation, suggesting that there is a relationship between human dispersal and linguistic variation. However, the geographic distribution of phoneme inventory sizes does not follow the predict...
... England by car bombs that seriously injured a 13-month-old child (News & Comment, 22 ... more ... England by car bombs that seriously injured a 13-month-old child (News & Comment, 22 June, p. 1485) indicates that Sullivan's characterization is ... of the Smithsonian Institution is a recent con-vert to the viewpoint that there is convinc-ing evidence for a pre-Clovis occupation of ...
... Source: N/A. More Info: Help Peer-Reviewed: N/A. Publisher: Merritt Ruhlen, Dept. of Linguist... more ... Source: N/A. More Info: Help Peer-Reviewed: N/A. Publisher: Merritt Ruhlen, Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ($15.00, student price $9.00, orders of five or more $9.00 each). Publication Date: 1975-00-00. Pages: 356. Pub Types: Books. ...
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1995
... Even before the book appeared, one scholar called for Greenberg'... more ... Even before the book appeared, one scholar called for Greenberg's classification to be "shouted down," and after publication, another scholar called it "subversive." Chapter 6 attempts to place this ongoing controversy in its proper historical context, tracing its origins to similar ...
In this study we relate language differences on a global scale with genetic distances for the sam... more In this study we relate language differences on a global scale with genetic distances for the same populations. The analysis is carried out on more populations (130) but fewer genetic systems (11) than earlier studies. We constructed an overall genetic distance matrix that allowed for missing values. A separate genetic distance matrix was also computed for each genetic system, and matching matrices of linguistic and geographic distances were associated with each genetic distance matrix, because the number of populations used differed among the genetic systems studied. Significant matrix correlations between language and genetics were found for both overall genetic distances and a substantial number of genetic systems, even when the effects of geographic distances were held constant. This demonstrates a significant correspondence between genetics and language on a global scale. Genetic matrices were correlated with two different linguistic distance matrices: one with higher (supraphyletic) taxonomic structure, in which among other features sub-Saharan Africans separate from non-Africans in the basal split and the Eurasiatic superphylum is postulated; and one without such structure. The correlations yield no genetic evidence to support the proposed higher linguistic structure. UPGMA and neighbor-joining trees were constructed for linguistic and genetic data. The proposed African split pattern is not supported by these data. Both types of trees indicate a pattern of grouping of east Asians, Arctic populations, and Australian natives separating from Caucasoid and African populations.
There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Langu... more There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Language plays a key role in the study of any living human society, and of all historical communities which have left us written records. In theory it could also throw enormous ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 3, 2015
Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test wh... more Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test whether this demographic history has left similar signatures on phonemes-sound units that distinguish meaning between words in languages-to those it has left on genes. We analyze, jointly and in parallel, phoneme inventories from 2,082 worldwide languages and microsatellite polymorphisms from 246 worldwide populations. On a global scale, both genetic distance and phonemic distance between populations are significantly correlated with geographic distance. Geographically close language pairs share significantly more phonemes than distant language pairs, whether or not the languages are closely related. The regional geographic axes of greatest phonemic differentiation correspond to axes of genetic differentiation, suggesting that there is a relationship between human dispersal and linguistic variation. However, the geographic distribution of phoneme inventory sizes does not follow the predict...
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