Papers by Gulzat Botoeva
Routledge eBooks, Sep 5, 2023
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Public Sector Economics
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Central Asian Survey, 2015
This article focuses on the embeddedness of hashish production in the local economy of Toolu, a v... more This article focuses on the embeddedness of hashish production in the local economy of Toolu, a village in Kyrgyzstan. It explores how transformations in social relationships and the monetization of gift giving put constant pressure on families to find cash in a semi-subsistence agricultural economy. Although not produced on an industrial scale in the community, hashish is used as a cash crop in times of deficit. Based on a mixed-methods study combining ethnographic fieldwork with survey data, I show how the hashish economy is intertwined with different forms of reciprocal relationships based on gift-giving practices and the monetization of social relationships. In doing so, I illustrate how the hashish economy is embedded in local livelihoods and shapes emerging forms of economic morality in Kyrgyz society.
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International Journal of Drug Policy, 2014
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This multi-method study is about small-scale illegal production of hashish in a mountainous villa... more This multi-method study is about small-scale illegal production of hashish in a mountainous village in north-eastern part of Kyrgyzstan. It demonstrates that drug production in Toolu is the result of a combination of factors: 1) economic transformations undertaken during the 1990s in most of the post-Soviet countries and the difficult conditions under which the agricultural mountainous economy operated as a result; 2) the legitimation of hashish making by drug producing community due to perceived injustice towards people who had to survive without any state support while the elite was corrupted and governance of drug control was inconsistent; and 3) the integration of illegal hashish production to the local economy and culture. My findings derive from extensive fieldwork based on a case study of Toolu village, located in the Tyup region of Issyk-Kul oblast. I spent nine months in Tyup, between 2009 and 2010 undertaking a mixed method study in which I collected sixty semi-structured ...
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Theoretical Criminology, 2019
The aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature concerning the social acceptance... more The aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature concerning the social acceptance of illegal practices. Using legal pluralism as a general framework of analysis, this study discusses the relationship between state law and alternative perspectives concerning its legitimacy. It presents the experience of people involved in hashish harvesting in one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan, how the state defines it as an ‘illegal practice’ and how the local population subsequently invokes normative systems based on local spiritual knowledge and the local moral economy of hashish production. It argues that acceptance of hashish harvesting as a legitimate means of support is not a straightforward process. Despite the predominant legitimating narrative of hashish harvesting, it enters into a conversation with state defined notions of ‘illegality’ and is also shaped by the customary understanding of the spiritual power of cannabis plants that requires caution when making hashish.
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This article focuses on the embeddedness of hashish production in the local economy of Toolu, a v... more This article focuses on the embeddedness of hashish production in the local economy of Toolu, a village in Kyrgyzstan. It explores how transformations in social relationships and the monetization of gift giving put constant pressure on
families to find cash in a semi-subsistence agricultural economy. Although not produced on an industrial scale in the community, hashish is used as a cash crop in times of deficit. Based on a mixed-methods study combining ethnographic fieldwork with survey data, I show how the hashish economy is intertwined with different forms of reciprocal relationships based on gift-giving practices and the monetization of social relationships. In doing so, I illustrate how the hashish economy is embedded in local livelihoods and shapes emerging forms of economic morality in Kyrgyz society.
Free access to the article on the Central Asian Survey site:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2015.1092742
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Book chapters by Gulzat Botoeva
The Central Asian World, 2023
This chapter explores emergent community tensions in the context of current and prospective gold ... more This chapter explores emergent community tensions in the context of current and prospective gold extraction in the Naryn region of Kyrgyzstan. Writing against institutional discourses that focus on apparently ‘obstructive’ community opposition to extractive industries or that foreground the actions of criminal and self-interested individuals, I highlight the complexity of community interests as these relate to prior experiences of artisanal mining in a context of profound economic dislocation. Extraction of in/formal gold brings out tensions among the local population, feeds on the desires to improve their livelihoods and further disrupts some local connections and ties between families and villages. These tensions and disparities, I argue, despite being localized in these rural, mountainous communities in Naryn, are the results of neoliberal extraction projects set loose in the country in the last three decades. A detailed focus on the local needs and economic situation of various groups of people involved in protests about a small mining site in Kum-Bel reveals that the local community is not a homogenous entity, and that ideas of justice that people support around mining are more complex than those presented by the government and media. A further stratification of the population means that various groups of people face different and manifold challenges and their responses to legal/illegal mining are a result of diverging livelihood strategies that they employ. The irony is that these diverging strategies can be part of neoliberal projects of extraction and exploitation of people and land. Tensions around gold mining in Naryn, thus, should be understood as part of the entanglement of at least three extraction projects: gold, money and livestock.
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Governance Beyond the Law: The Immoral, The Illegal, The Criminal, Apr 2019
Botoeva, G. (2019) Use of language in blurring the lines between legal and illegal. In A. Poles... more Botoeva, G. (2019) Use of language in blurring the lines between legal and illegal. In A. Polese, A. Russo (Eds.) Governance Beyond the Law: The Immoral, The Illegal, The Criminal. London: Palgrave Macmillan
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Thesis Chapters by Gulzat Botoeva
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Talks by Gulzat Botoeva
TEN YEARS GONE: THE LEGACY OF THE 2010 REVOLUTION AND ETHNIC VIOLENCE IN KYRGYZSTAN: A ROUNDTABLE. The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs, 2021
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The Foreign Policy Centre, 2020
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Books by Gulzat Botoeva
This volume explores the continuous line from informal and unrecorded practices all the way up to... more This volume explores the continuous line from informal and unrecorded practices all the way up to illegal and criminal practices, performed and reproduced by both individuals and organisations. The authors classify them as alternative, subversive forms of governance performed by marginal (and often invisible) peripheral actors. The volume studies how the informal and the extra-legal unfold transnationally and, in particular, how and why they have been/are being progressively criminalized and integrated into the construction of global and local dangerhoods; how the above-mentioned phenomena are embedded into a post-liberal security order; and whether they shape new states of exception and generate moral panic whose ultimate function is regulatory, disciplinary and one of crafting practices of political ordering.
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Teaching Documents by Gulzat Botoeva
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Conference Presentations by Gulzat Botoeva
Webinar
11 of September 2020
9 am (BST), 2 pm (Bishkek and Almaty)
Dr Zhanar Sekerbayeva and D... more Webinar
11 of September 2020
9 am (BST), 2 pm (Bishkek and Almaty)
Dr Zhanar Sekerbayeva and Dr Syinat Sultanalieva, who recently defended their PhDs at the University of Tsukuba will present their research and will share their experiences and tips on how to search and apply for PhD programs from the Central Asia region.
https://www.centralasianresearch.org
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Papers by Gulzat Botoeva
families to find cash in a semi-subsistence agricultural economy. Although not produced on an industrial scale in the community, hashish is used as a cash crop in times of deficit. Based on a mixed-methods study combining ethnographic fieldwork with survey data, I show how the hashish economy is intertwined with different forms of reciprocal relationships based on gift-giving practices and the monetization of social relationships. In doing so, I illustrate how the hashish economy is embedded in local livelihoods and shapes emerging forms of economic morality in Kyrgyz society.
Free access to the article on the Central Asian Survey site:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2015.1092742
Book chapters by Gulzat Botoeva
Thesis Chapters by Gulzat Botoeva
Talks by Gulzat Botoeva
Books by Gulzat Botoeva
Teaching Documents by Gulzat Botoeva
Conference Presentations by Gulzat Botoeva
11 of September 2020
9 am (BST), 2 pm (Bishkek and Almaty)
Dr Zhanar Sekerbayeva and Dr Syinat Sultanalieva, who recently defended their PhDs at the University of Tsukuba will present their research and will share their experiences and tips on how to search and apply for PhD programs from the Central Asia region.
https://www.centralasianresearch.org
families to find cash in a semi-subsistence agricultural economy. Although not produced on an industrial scale in the community, hashish is used as a cash crop in times of deficit. Based on a mixed-methods study combining ethnographic fieldwork with survey data, I show how the hashish economy is intertwined with different forms of reciprocal relationships based on gift-giving practices and the monetization of social relationships. In doing so, I illustrate how the hashish economy is embedded in local livelihoods and shapes emerging forms of economic morality in Kyrgyz society.
Free access to the article on the Central Asian Survey site:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2015.1092742
11 of September 2020
9 am (BST), 2 pm (Bishkek and Almaty)
Dr Zhanar Sekerbayeva and Dr Syinat Sultanalieva, who recently defended their PhDs at the University of Tsukuba will present their research and will share their experiences and tips on how to search and apply for PhD programs from the Central Asia region.
https://www.centralasianresearch.org