Betula occidentalis

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Betuloideae
Genus: Betula
Subgenus: Betula subg. Betula
Sectio: Betula sect. Betula
Species: Betula occidentalis

Betula occidentalis Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 155 (1838).

• Homotypic
  • Betula alba subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 400 (1865).
  • Betula papyracea var. occidentalis (Hook.) Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 177 (1891).
  • Betula alba f. occidentalis (Hook.) Fernald, Amer. J. Sci., ser. 4, 14: 173 (1902).
  • Betula microphylla var. occidentalis (Hook.) M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 77 (1908).
  • Betula papyrifera var. occidentalis (Hook.) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919).
  • Betula papyrifera subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Hultén, Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 40(1): 582 (1944).
• Heterotypic
  • Betula fontinalis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 239 (1901).
  • Betula microphylla var. fontinalis (Sarg.) M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 77 (1908).
  • Betula elrodiana E.J.Butler, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 426 (1909).
  • Betula fontinalis f. inopina Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 349 (1909).
  • Betula occidentalis f. inopina Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 349 (1909).
  • Betula fontinalis var. inopina (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 270 (1923).
  • Betula beeniana A.Nelson, Amer. J. Bot. 32: 284 (1945).
  • Betula occidentalis var. inopina (Jeps.) C.L.Hitchc., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. 2: 78 (1964).
  • Betula occidentalis subsp. inopina (Jeps.) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 13: 3 (1983).

• Ashburner, K. & McAllister, H.A. 2013. The genus Betula: A taxonomic revision of birches (A Botanical Magazine Monograph). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 431 pp., ISBN 978-1-84246-141-9. Reference page. 
• Stritch, L., 2014. Betula occidentalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. IUCN Red List Category: (Least Concern). DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194643A2355167.en. Reference page. 
• Wang. N., McAllister, H.A., Bartlett, P.R. & Buggs, R.J.A. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and genome size evolution of the genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany 117(6): 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048 Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Betula occidentalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 February 7. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Betula occidentalis. Published online. Accessed: 7 February 2019.

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