Elf Aquitaine

Total S.A.

Company type	Public
Traded as	Euronext: FP NYSE: TOT CAC 40 component
ISIN	FR0000120271
Industry	Oil and gas, Solar energy, Renewable energies
Predecessor	Mineralöl- und Asphaltwerke
Founded	28 March 1924; 100 years ago (1924-03-28)
Founder	Ernest Mercier
Defunct	2000
Successor	TotalEnergies
Headquarters	Tour Total, Courbevoie, France
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Patrick Pouyanné (Chairman & CEO)
Products	Oil and gas exploration and production, natural gas and LNG trading and transportation, oil refining, chemicals, solar and biomass
Services	Fuel stations
Revenue	US$127.9 billion (2016)[1]
Operating income	US$5.73 billion (2016)[1]
Net income	US$6.196 billion (2016)[1]
Total assets	US$230.9 billion (2016)[1]
Total equity	US$98.68 billion (2016)[1]
Number of employees	102,168 (2016)[1]
Website	www.total.com

Total S.A. is a French multinational integrated oil and gas company and one of the seven "Supermajor" oil companies in the world. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading.

Total is also a large scale chemicals manufacturer. Total is a major player in low-carbon energies.

Total has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.^[2]

Elf Aquitaine was a French oil company. They merged with TotalFina to form TotalFinaElf. The new company changed its name to Total in 2003. The name Elf has been kept as a brand of Total.

Elf Aquitaine's came from three French oil companies: Régie Autonome des Pétroles (RAP), Société Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine (SNPA), and Bureau de Recherches de Pétroles (BRP). The three companies were formed after the discovery of a gas field in Saint-Marcet in the Aquitaine region of south-western France. In December 1965 RAP and BRP merged to form Entreprise de Recherches et d'Activités Pétrolières (ERAP).

On April 28, 1967 the company's different brand names and products were combined under the Elf brand. Elf stood for Essence Lubricants France. In 1976 Elf-ERAP merged with Antar Pétroles de l'Atlantique and became Société Nationale Elf Aquitaine (SNEA). Later it became known as Elf Aquitaine. Elf Aquitaine was listed on the NYSE in 1991. In 2000 Elf Aquitaine merged with Total Fina to form TotalFinaElf. In 2003, the name was changed to Total.

The Elf scandal came to light in 1994 in France. According to The Guardian, it was 'the biggest fraud inquiry in Europe since the Second World War... Elf became a private bank for executives who spent £200 million on political favors, mistresses, jewellery, fine art, villas and apartments'.^[3] Iraqi-born Nadhmi Auchi, received a 15-month suspended sentence and a £1.5m fine for his involvement taking illegal commissions.^[4]

From its beginnings, Elf used motor racing as a means of promotion. It had four-year deal with Matra starting in the French Formula 3 series. In 1969 the combination won the Formula One World Championship with Tyrrell and Jackie Stewart. By this time, Elf was owned by the French government. They began a new long-term relationship with Renault, which was also owned by the French government at the time. The Renault F1 racing cars carried Elf sponsorship until 2009. The Elf logos were replaced with Total logos.