Python HTTP for Humans.
Project description
Requests is an ISC Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
Most existing Python modules for sending HTTP requests are extremely verbose and cumbersome. Python’s builtin urllib2 module provides most of the HTTP capabilities you should need, but the api is thoroughly broken. It requires an enormous amount of work (even method overrides) to perform the simplest of tasks.
Things shouldn’t be this way. Not in Python.
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com', auth=('user', 'pass'))
>>> r.status_code
204
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
>>> r.content
...
See the same code, without Requests.
Requests allow you to send HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE HTTP requests. You can add headers, form data, multipart files, and parameters with simple Python dictionaries, and access the response data in the same way. It’s powered by httplib, but it does all the hard work and crazy hacks for you.
Features
Browser standard SSL verification.
Extremely simple HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE Requests.
Gevent support for Asyncronous Requests.
Sessions with cookie persistence.
Basic, Digest, and Custom Authentication support.
Automatic form-encoding of dictionaries
A simple dictionary interface for request/response cookies.
Multipart file uploads.
Automatc decoding of Unicode, gzip, and deflate responses.
Full support for unicode URLs and domain names.
Usage
It couldn’t be simpler.
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('http://google.com')
HTTPS? Basic Authentication?
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.ep.io/basic-auth/user/pass')
>>> r.status_code
401
Uh oh, we’re not authorized! Let’s add authentication.
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.ep.io/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))
>>> r.status_code
200
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
>>> r.content
'{"authenticated": true, "user": "user"}'
Installation
To install requests, simply:
$ pip install requests
Or, if you absolutely must:
$ easy_install requests
But, you really shouldn’t do that.
Contribute
Check for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug. There is a Contributor Friendly tag for issues that should be ideal for people who are not very familiar with the codebase yet.
Fork the repository on Github to start making your changes to the develop branch (or branch off of it).
Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed or that the feature works as expected.
Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :) Make sure to add yourself to AUTHORS.
History
0.9.0 (2011-12-28)
verify ssl is default.
0.8.9 (2011-12-28)
Packaging fix.
0.8.8 (2011-12-28)
SSL CERT VERIFICATION!
Release of Cerifi: Mozilla’s cert list.
New ‘verify’ argument for SSL requests.
Urllib3 update.
0.8.7 (2011-12-24)
iter_lines last-line truncation fix
Force safe_mode for async requests
Handle safe_mode exceptions more consistently
Fix iteration on null responses in safe_mode
0.8.6 (2011-12-18)
Socket timeout fixes.
Proxy Authorization support.
0.8.5 (2011-12-14)
Response.iter_lines!
0.8.4 (2011-12-11)
Prefetch bugfix.
Added license to installed version.
0.8.3 (2011-11-27)
Converted auth system to use simpler callable objects.
New session parameter to API methods.
Display full URL while logging.
0.8.2 (2011-11-19)
New unicode decoding system, based on overridable Response.encoding.
Proper URL slash-quote handling.
Cookies with [, ], and _ allowed.
0.8.1 (2011-11-15)
URL Request path fix
Proxy fix.
Timeouts fix.
0.8.0 (2011-11-13)
Keep-alive support!
Complete removal of Urllib2
Complete removal of Poster
Complete removal of CookieJars
New ConnectionError raising
Safe_mode for error catching
prefetch parameter for request methods
OPTION method
Async pool size throttling
File uploads send real names
0.7.6 (2011-11-07)
Digest authentication bugfix (attach query data to path)
0.7.5 (2011-11-04)
Response.content = None if there was an invalid repsonse.
Redirection auth handling.
0.7.4 (2011-10-26)
Sesion Hooks fix.
0.7.3 (2011-10-23)
Digest Auth fix.
0.7.2 (2011-10-23)
PATCH Fix.
0.7.1 (2011-10-23)
Move away from urllib2 authentication handling.
Fully Remove AuthManager, AuthObject, &c.
New tuple-based auth system with handler callbacks.
0.7.0 (2011-10-22)
Sessions are now the primary interface.
Deprecated InvalidMethodException.
PATCH fix.
New config system (no more global settings).
0.6.6 (2011-10-19)
Session parameter bugfix (params merging).
0.6.5 (2011-10-18)
Offline (fast) test suite.
Session dictionary argument merging.
0.6.4 (2011-10-13)
Automatic decoding of unicode, based on HTTP Headers.
New decode_unicode setting.
Removal of r.read/close methods.
New r.faw interface for advanced response usage.*
Automatic expansion of parameterized headers.
0.6.3 (2011-10-13)
Beautiful requests.async module, for making async requests w/ gevent.
0.6.2 (2011-10-09)
GET/HEAD obeys allow_redirects=False.
0.6.1 (2011-08-20)
Enhanced status codes experience \o/
Set a maximum number of redirects (settings.max_redirects)
Full Unicode URL support
Support for protocol-less redirects.
Allow for arbitrary request types.
Bugfixes
0.6.0 (2011-08-17)
New callback hook system
New persistient sessions object and context manager
Transparent Dict-cookie handling
Status code reference object
Removed Response.cached
Added Response.request
All args are kwargs
Relative redirect support
HTTPError handling improvements
Improved https testing
Bugfixes
0.5.1 (2011-07-23)
International Domain Name Support!
Access headers without fetching entire body (read())
Use lists as dicts for parameters
Add Forced Basic Authentication
Forced Basic is default authentication type
python-requests.org default User-Agent header
CaseInsensitiveDict lower-case caching
Response.history bugfix
0.5.0 (2011-06-21)
PATCH Support
Support for Proxies
HTTPBin Test Suite
Redirect Fixes
settings.verbose stream writing
Querystrings for all methods
URLErrors (Connection Refused, Timeout, Invalid URLs) are treated as explicity raised r.requests.get('hwe://blah'); r.raise_for_status()
0.4.1 (2011-05-22)
Improved Redirection Handling
New ‘allow_redirects’ param for following non-GET/HEAD Redirects
Settings module refactoring
0.4.0 (2011-05-15)
Response.history: list of redirected responses
Case-Insensitive Header Dictionaries!
Unicode URLs
0.3.4 (2011-05-14)
Urllib2 HTTPAuthentication Recursion fix (Basic/Digest)
Internal Refactor
Bytes data upload Bugfix
0.3.3 (2011-05-12)
Request timeouts
Unicode url-encoded data
Settings context manager and module
0.3.2 (2011-04-15)
Automatic Decompression of GZip Encoded Content
AutoAuth Support for Tupled HTTP Auth
0.3.1 (2011-04-01)
Cookie Changes
Response.read()
Poster fix
0.3.0 (2011-02-25)
Automatic Authentication API Change
Smarter Query URL Parameterization
Allow file uploads and POST data together
- New Authentication Manager System
Simpler Basic HTTP System
Supports all build-in urllib2 Auths
Allows for custom Auth Handlers
0.2.4 (2011-02-19)
Python 2.5 Support
PyPy-c v1.4 Support
Auto-Authentication tests
Improved Request object constructor
0.2.3 (2011-02-15)
- New HTTPHandling Methods
Reponse.__nonzero__ (false if bad HTTP Status)
Response.ok (True if expected HTTP Status)
Response.error (Logged HTTPError if bad HTTP Status)
Reponse.raise_for_status() (Raises stored HTTPError)
0.2.2 (2011-02-14)
Still handles request in the event of an HTTPError. (Issue #2)
Eventlet and Gevent Monkeypatch support.
Cookie Support (Issue #1)
0.2.1 (2011-02-14)
Added file attribute to POST and PUT requests for multipart-encode file uploads.
Added Request.url attribute for context and redirects
0.2.0 (2011-02-14)
Birth!
0.0.1 (2011-02-13)
Frustration
Conception
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