Cell-based therapy for diabetic cardiovascular complications: Prospects and challenges

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. This disorder is closely associated with a range of complications affecting small and large blood vessels, including conditions like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, as well as ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. These complications cause organ and tissue damage in an estimated 33% to 50% of individuals with diabetes. The management of these complications in patients with diabetes is confronted with significant clinical challenges. Present treatment modalities for cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes are limited and exhibit suboptimal efficacy. Cell-based therapies has shown great promise in regenerative medicine and improving cardiovascular function in individuals with diabetic complications, attributed to their potential for multilineage differentiation and regenerative capacity. In this review, we focus on diabetic cardiovascular complications and provide a brief introduction to the application of cell-based therapies, including the use of stem cells and progenitor cells, their mechanisms of action and the prospects and challenges.