Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ² Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
• ³ Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
• ⁴ Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.okbay@vu.nl.
• ⁶ Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.okbay@vu.nl.
• ⁷ Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁹ Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹¹ Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ¹² Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹³ Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁴ Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁵ Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁶ The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹⁷ Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹⁸ Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁹ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ²⁰ Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
• ²¹ Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ²² MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ²³ 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
• ²⁴ Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ²⁵ BrainWorkup, LLC, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
• ²⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²⁷ Department of Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
• ²⁸ Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
• ²⁹ Genome Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
• ³⁰ The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
• ³¹ Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ³² Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ³³ Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ³⁴ MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³⁵ La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
• ³⁶ Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
• ³⁷ Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
• ³⁸ Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, CA, USA.
• ³⁹ Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ⁴⁰ Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁴¹ Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
• ⁴² Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
• ⁴³ Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴⁴ Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
• ⁴⁵ School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Economics, New York University Shanghai, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
• ⁴⁷ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁴⁹ Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁵¹ Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁵² Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, PA, USA.
• ⁵³ Center for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁵⁶ Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. peter.visscher@uq.edu.au.
• ⁵⁷ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. peter.visscher@uq.edu.au.
• ⁵⁸ Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. daniel.benjamin@gmail.com.
• ⁵⁹ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. daniel.benjamin@gmail.com.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. daniel.benjamin@gmail.com.
• ⁶¹ Center for Experimental Social Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.