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Hemisuccinate of 21-hydroxy-6,19-epoxyprogesterone: a tissue-specific modulator of the glucocorticoid receptor

ChemMedChem. 2008 Dec;3(12):1869-77. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.200800256.

Abstract

The introduction of a hemisuccinate group at the 21-position of the passive antiglucocorticoid 21OH-6,19OP leads to a compound (21HS-6,19OP) with a notable activity profile toward the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In contrast to the parent steroid, 21HS-6,19OP behaves as a pure agonist of GR activity in direct transactivation assays. However, the apoptotic effects of 21HS-6,19OP show that the effect depends on cell type: while 21HS-6,19OP is a pure agonist in L929 mouse fibroblasts, in thymocytes 21HS-6,19OP had significant antiglucocorticoid activity. This tissue-specific activity makes 21HS-6,19OP a novel selective GR modulator. To investigate the molecular basis of action of 21HS-6,19OP, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations (6 ns) of the GR ligand binding domain (LBD) complexed with 21HS-6,19OP. Our results indicate that the hemisuccinate moiety may play a key role in stabilizing the active conformation of the receptor dimerization interface, reverting the changes observed with the antagonist 21OH-6,19OP. Other changes in regions of the GR related to cofactor recruitment (possibly tissue-specific), could explain this particular activity profile.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • COS Cells
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Computer Simulation
  • Dimerization
  • Genes, Reporter
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Progesterone / analogs & derivatives*
  • Progesterone / chemistry
  • Progesterone / pharmacology
  • Progestins / chemistry
  • Progestins / pharmacology
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / agonists*
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / chemistry
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • 21-hydroxy-6,19-oxidoprogesterone
  • 21-succinyloxy-6,19-epoxyprogesterone
  • Progestins
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid
  • Progesterone