Abstract
A sensitive and reliable LC-ESI-MS procedure for the simultaneous determination of MDMA and its five metabolites including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) conjugates has been established following the synthesis of two HMMA conjugates, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-glucuronide (HMMA-Glu) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-sulfate (HMMA-Sul). Pretreatment of urine samples with methanol and LC-MS employing a C(18) semi-micro column with a gradient elution program provided the successful separations and MS determinations of these analytes within 20 min. Upon applying the method to MDMA users' urine specimens, HMMA-Glu and HMMA-Sul have been directly determined, suggesting the superiority of sulfation to glucuronidation in the HMMA phase II metabolism.
MeSH terms
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / administration & dosage
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / analogs & derivatives
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / urine
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Amphetamine-Related Disorders / urine
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Calibration
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Designer Drugs / administration & dosage
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Designer Drugs / analysis
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
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Glucuronides / chemical synthesis
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Glucuronides / metabolism
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Glucuronides / urine*
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Hallucinogens / administration & dosage
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Hallucinogens / metabolism*
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Hallucinogens / urine
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Humans
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Methamphetamine / analogs & derivatives*
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Methamphetamine / chemical synthesis
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Methamphetamine / metabolism
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Methamphetamine / urine
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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / administration & dosage
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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / analogs & derivatives
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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / metabolism*
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Reference Standards
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Reproducibility of Results
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Sensitivity and Specificity
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Substance Abuse Detection / methods*
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Sulfates / chemical synthesis
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Sulfates / metabolism
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Sulfates / urine*
Substances
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Designer Drugs
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Glucuronides
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Hallucinogens
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Sulfates
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4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine
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Methamphetamine
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine