A Morte de Ivan Ilitch
De Leon Tolstói
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Avaliações de A Morte de Ivan Ilitch
1.489 avaliações49 avaliações
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Bought and read this book over the weekend in Montreal. I was really enchanted by the portrayal of Ivan's decline and death, being so detailed. I really empathize with his struggle to understand death as a thing that truly applies to / effects him. The descriptive quality (as noted by many other readers) of Tolstoy's prose was readily apparent, and I enjoyed it immensely. For sure, this is one that begs to be re-read. I'm especially interested in revisiting the 1st chapter, which is from the perspective of his "friends" who, greedy for his social position, callously snub his funeral and bereaved wife. Highly recommended for those interested in getting into Russian lit since it is so short and sweet.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5Oh non-Gothic, gothic horror. Oh sweaty relief. (ew)
I wish I'd been a writing sort in high school--the books I read then were arguably more interesting than the ones I read now, brief Michael Crichton preoccupation excepted. - Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Think over whether you live the life that you want to live or simply do the "correct" things unquestionably.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5This is the story of the life and - as the title indicates - the death of an ordinary man. Ivan Ilych is not a particularly likeable character, nor are his wife and children, nor the colleagues who also appear in the narrative. And yet, the story of Ivan's death is powerful and moving, simply but exquisitely told. Ivan's anger, his fear, his resentment are all unflinchingly described.
I've spent the past few months acutely aware of mortality. A close friend died suddenly a few months ago. Two other women I know well have inoperable cancer. My mother is frail and elderly and every time I see her I know I may never see her alive again. That sense of being surrounded by death in life is something that all of us face as we age.
Talking about dying and death is not something we do much of in our society, even though it is something which occurs every moment of every day. Reading this book, as short as it is, brings the reader face to face with that perience. No matter how ordinary a person, no matter how ordinary their life, each death is unique - an extraordinary experience for the person concerned.
This is not easy reading, but it is something to read and remember. - Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5The minute we are born we are compelled to live. Ironically it is also the minute we begin the dying process. While some spend their lives obsessed with (the fear of) dying, others, like Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilyich have never given it a second thought. Death is an inconvenience that happens to others. But when Ivan falls ill at 45 and understands his time on earth is short he tries to reconcile his life’s choices and realize the absurdity and futility of it all. With his mortality looming, despondent and in agony, Ivan has an epiphany; as death finally announces itself to him, it then ceased to exist. Now that’s a simple but powerful concept worth contemplating. A masterpiece novella, this one is worth everybody’s time and consideration.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Normally a book that looks this closely at death would, I'm afraid, terrify me. I have enough anxiety already, I don't need to think about the "dragging pain" in Ivan Ilyich's side, which -- being a doctor's daughter -- I could diagnose fairly easily as some kind of cancer, quite probably cancer of the gallbladder. That "dragging pain" is the giveaway to me, because it was in all the descriptions of the sort of pain cancer of the gallbladder causes. I know all about that because of the anxious period before I was diagnosed with gallstones. Anyway, it occurs to me that because Tolstoy never uses a specific word, never tells you specifically what is wrong with Ivan -- in fact, Ivan himself never knows -- it can be whatever you fear. For me, cancer is the obvious one.
And okay, yes, this book did terrify me a bit, but I think in the way that it would terrify anybody. Imagining lying at the point of death and questioning if your life was of any use, if you did anything that really made you happy, if you did anything that really made you satisfied...
This is nothing like Tolstoy's other books. There's a narrow focus on a single character, and -- in this translation at least -- the words are simple and directly to the point. Tolstoy's gift for a slightly satirical tone is in evidence. Ivan is not a particularly good man, but he's very much an everyman -- you will see yourself in Ivan, unless you really do have an ego so big you can't even be brought to imagine facing your own death. - Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5I wish I'd gotten one of the many collections of Tolstoy's novellas rather than just The Death... I would recommend you do so yourself if you're interested in this great Russian writer.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5This is why Tolstoy is one of the greats. Because his work reads on multiple levels, and because his characters are never caricatures just there to hold a spear or prop up some scenery.
On one level this is the story of the life and death of a not particularly likeable functionary. On another its an indictment of a particular society in a particular time, in which isolation from and indifference to others are the price of privilege and comfort and how a man loses himself in that devil's bargain. On another its a story of how we all tend to lose sight of the important things in life in the process of living it. On another it is the story of how even a not particularly likeable functionary is still a human being, with the fears and feelings and loves and losses that we all share as part of our common humanity.
So much going on in such a small space. - Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Word I wasn't expecting to read in this bleak masterpiece: pasties. (Hugh Alpin translator, UK's Hesperus Press)
- Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5The story begins with three friends and colleagues of a man named Ivan Ilych learning of his death. No one seems deeply affected by this, but one of them, Peter Ivanovich, goes to the wake at Ivan's house that night out of a sense of obligation. From there Tolstoy allows us to view Ilych’s life and his subsequent death, a wasted and meaningless life. In addition we become witness to the hypocrisy and the pointlessness of the lives of those around him—except for his young butler—who has an understanding of life and death that Ilych does not. What is particular tragic about this novella is the loneliness and isolation and the feeling that the life that Ilych has lived was meaningless—worse than death. This book allows us to explore how we live our lives, what is important in that life—and what is a “good life.” 3 out of 5 stars.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Very well written novella by Tolstoy. I was worried after "Anna Karenina" Tolstoy might have lost his way as he became older. However this was much more like the Tolstoy I remember from "War and Peace". A very affecting study of one man's life and death.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5The thoughts and feelings of a man towards his family and those around him as he gets progressively more ill and is then dying from a wasting disease that sounds like cancer. The opening chapters are quite light-hearted with some ruefully amusing reflections on marriage and attitudes towards ones career, but then the mood becomes much darker and he ends being cynical about his family, seeing them as wishing his death to come sooner so they can be free of the burden of caring for him. A short story but one with a lot to say about the human condition and by no means necessarily tied to its Russian background.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5The book is nothing more about than the life and death of an ordinary everyday man but Tolstoy was able to write this almost like a poem, beautifully and emotionally.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5Nice. Very nice short story. A lot of self-reflection, which is right up my street, as it were.
- Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5Disclaimer: This book should not be read the day you find out that your grandfather has passed and you were sent home from work because you were sobbing too hard to be intelligible.
Even if you've already finished half of it and there's not much left.
Even if the first chapter, with work acquaintance friends discussing the death, then one showing up to the house to pay his respects, only to feel disaffected and take off for a card game, is actually pretty darkly funny.
Even if what you've read since then has been a pretty matter-of-fact discussion of Ivan's career and life so far, and hasn't really been sad at all.
Because when the turn comes, with the mysterious illness and the search for a diagnosis and the slow decline at home and the alienation from all those who are well and do not understand, who want to go on with their concerns of life and the living...
Well, it's best to put the book down and come back to it in a few days. Go cuddle with the kids on the couch.
Called a masterpiece on death and dying.
I concur. - Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5Powerful, powerful book about the range of emotions the main character goes through as he learns that his time on earth is dwindling quickly.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5A Russian judge finds the meaning of life through death and struggles with the reality of his own mortality. I was quite taken aback by the relevance of this work even today. I found myself on numerous occasions pondering whether I have lived my own life the right way and what I can do to live better in the future.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5It is the epitome of a true classic. It is timeless. It is as immediately relevant now as it was when it was published 130 years ago.
Here is the unexamined Life, with its strivings, hypocrisies, bargains, illusions upon illusions, and its screens stopping thoughts of Death.
Then Life is introduced to Death. The screens are relentlessly stripped away, revealing…nothing? “There is no explanation! Agony, death… .What for?”
This is why I read. - Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5I liked the concept, but quickly grew bored.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5Absolute Masterpiece
Beyond my ability to use superlatives how incredible this short book is on delving into the relative importance of life, marriage, family, career, and death. - Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5Blow by blow account of the thoughts of Ivan Ilych as he lays dying, wallowing in his own misery and self-pity and ruminating over the meaningless of his life. As usual, I can't really get inside the Russian mindset, and the only really effective parts of the book for me are some of Tolstoy's observations about home decorating (seriously). I'm sure I will think about this from time to time, however; and when I find my self on MY death bed, I won't be reading Tolstoy.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5This book is the portuguese translation of the russian original Смерть Ивана Ильпча. This is a terrible book. Admittedly a masterpiece, but a terrible work nevertheless: the portrait of a high level judge's life from the moment he discovers he has an incurable illness until his innescapable death. One probably needs a genius of Tolstoy's stature to be able to produce such a portrait, at once engaging and depressing, of human suffering and decay.
- Nota: 2 de 5 estrelas2/5this book was supposed to be a bout a man's review of his life and his relationship with God. At the end of the book I was still wondering what he'd really learned from all of this. There was no grand revelation for me. I do think he realized what his family should have meant to him, but other than that there was nothing. I was very disappointed and wonder what I was supposed to get from the book.
- Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5Leo Tolstoy examines death up close. The story went exactly where I expected it to: old man regrets follies of life on deathbed and turns religious. I felt like this was more a fable or morality tale than a real showcase of human emotions.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5This was one of my favorite stories of all time in 1999. I read it over and over again, thinking it contained and could reveal all the wisdom in the world.
- Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5I spotted this on a friend's shelf, borrowed it, and read it in an afternoon. I found it to be an interesting - and arrestingly short - contemplation of the end of life and life's worth/value. The introduction was extremely helpful in understanding the context of Tolstoy's complete antithesis regard for life in comparison with his character. I'm not exactly sure why this stands out for historians as a unique book of its kind, as the introduction reveals and reminds that other such literature exists, perhaps better. A good first experience with the author nonetheless.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5In this short novella Tolstoy ingeniously unmasks the raw emotions and the puzzled lamentations of one Ivan Ilyich, a typical personage of his time, as he lies dying while suffering physical and mental agony (the latter being as excruciating as the former), trying to grasp the seeming "unfairness" of his position and finally arriving at some startling realizations about his life. The surrounding characters come under harsh light as they hover around the dying man and reveal their most unattractive human traits, and Ivan Ilyich is finally able to see through the veil of human hypocrisy. Not an upbeat story in the least. But one with a pretty clever insight into human nature. It also does point to the unrelenting frailty of life.
- Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas5/5a good story of a dying man. good introduction
- Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas3/5Until the nature of his injury makes itself known Ivan Ilych ambles through life, succeeding in both his career and personal life (at least he keeps up the facade of success in those realms). Yet Ivan Ilych never exhibits any passion, nor does he examine the path he has taken and where it might lead.
When a foolish accident brings home his own mortality, however, Ivan Ilych is forced to consider all the things he had taken for granted before. His unhappy marriage, his career that he sometimes enjoyed but largely performed for the sake of a salary and social advancement, and his life in general where he never stood for or against anything, all provide grist for Ivan's tormented mind. The nature of life and the inevitability of death spur in Ivan thoughts about dying for the first time. Tolstoy gives us a dying man who is bitter that everyone else is continuing their lives as if "the world was going on as usual." Of course, to everyone except the dying man, it is. He gives us a man who always thought of himself as death's exception. Everyone has probably done something similar, at least at times, because that thought is so much easier to grasp compared to the idea that we are mortal and will be dead someday, our consciousness ending like a candle being snuffed. He gives us a man railing against the cruelty of God while simultaneously railing against God's absence. Finally Tolstoy lets Ivan Ilych begin to examine his own life, and as he does so he realizes that his moments of purest happiness were during childhood, and since then his life has been one big death-spiral, before giving Ivan a moment of forgiveness and what I interpret as divine absolution.
Tolstoy in this book tells what I imagine is a universal tale of a person trying to reconcile themselves with his or her own mortality. We probably have all had the thoughts that go through Ivan's head in our own head at some point in our lives- if anything Ivan Ilych thinks about hasn't occurred to you in at least a general sense before then you probably don't spend much time thinking- but Tolstoy presents these thoughts well. That being said, his writing did not spur any realization about life or death that I didn't have before I began the book. Maybe I contemplate my own mortality more than most people do? I think that, despite the lack of new insight, the book could have been great if the scenes of Iva Ilych's terror and suffering were portrayed with great prose that made the scenes depicted viscerally striking. I didn't find the prose to be particularly impressive, unfortunately, though that may be the fault of the Maude translation. I also thought the ending was a bit of a cop-out, at least if you interpret the ending as his soul receiving forgiveness, as it undercuts the fear of death and the ensuing nothingness that was such an integral part of the story up until that point. I hope Tolstoy really believed in such forgiveness, and didn't include it so as to give a more uplifting ending, because the story would have been better off without it.
If you've never really thought about death, it's worth reading a book that contemplates such a thing. There are plenty to choose from: Death Comes for the Archbishop, Gilead, The Tartar Steppe, or Hamlet just to name a few (death is hardly a rare theme). Still, The Death of Ivan Ilych stands out as perhaps the work most focused on death. Choose it if that sounds appealing to you. - Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas4/5A brilliant short work. He captured the psychology of a dying man and those around him with a great deal of thoroughness. The end of Illych had him questioning so many of the silly societal mores which he had self-imposed, but in the end, his resignation to the peaceful pull of death put the angst behind him. Wonderfully written.
Pré-visualização do livro
A Morte de Ivan Ilitch - Leon Tolstói
1
No prédio do Tribunal, durante um intervalo do julgamento do caso Melvinsky, os membros da Corte e o promotor reuniram-se no gabinete de Ivan Yegorovich Shebek e a conversa recaiu sobre o famoso caso Krasovsky. Fiodr Vassilyevich insistia em que o caso não estava sob sua jurisdição, Ivan Yegorovich argumentava o contrário, enquanto Piotr Ivanovich, como não estava na discussão desde o início, não tomava o partido de ninguém, mas passava os olhos pelo Gazette, que tinham acabado de entregar.
– Senhores – exclamou. – Morreu Ivan Ilitch.
– Não é possível!
– Está aqui. Pode ler – disse Piotr Ivanovich, passando o jornal que ainda cheirava a tinta a Fiodr Vassilyevich.
Cercadas por uma borda preta, liam-se as seguintes palavras:
É com profundo pesar que Praskovya Fiodorovna participa a amigos e parentes a passagem de seu estimado esposo, Ivan Ilitch Golovin, membro da Corte Suprema, que deixou esta vida no dia 04 de fevereiro do ano da graça de 1882. O enterro acontecerá na sexta-feira, à uma hora da tarde.
Ivan Ilitch havia sido colega deles e era muito querido por todos. Sabia-se que sofrera em cima de uma cama, meses a fio, com uma doença diagnosticada como incurável. Seu posto ficara em aberto, mas corria que, no caso de sua morte, provavelmente Alexeyev seria nomeado seu sucessor e Vinnikov ou Shtabel ocupariam o lugar de Alexeyev. De modo que, ao ouvirem a notícia da morte de Ivan Ilitch, a primeira coisa que lhes passou pela cabeça foi o possível efeito na rodada de transferências e promoções para eles ou seus companheiros.
Tenho certeza de que agora eu pego o lugar de Shtabel, ou de Vinniko!
, pensou Fiodr Vassilyevich. Já me prometeram há horas e essa promoção significa um salário de oitocentos rublos por ano, mais ajuda de custo.
Vou tentar conseguir a transferência de Kalugo para o meu cunhado!
, pensou Piotr Ivanovich. Minha mulher vai adorar e não vai poder dizer que eu nunca faço nada pelos parentes dela!
– Bem que eu achei, o tempo todo, que ele não ia mais sair daquela cama – disse Piotr, em voz alta. – Que coisa triste.
– O que era mesmo que ele tinha?
– Os médicos não conseguiram chegar a uma conclusão, ou pelo menos não à mesma conclusão. A última vez em que o vi me pareceu que estava melhorando.
– E eu que nunca mais apareci, desde as férias. Pensei em ir várias vezes.
– Ele tinha bens?
– Acho que sua esposa tem alguma coisa. Mas não muita.
– Bem, acho que devemos ir até lá vê-la. Eles moram um bocado longe!
– Você quer dizer um bocado longe de você. Qualquer lugar é longe da sua casa!
– Ouviram essa? Ele não me perdoa por viver do outro lado do rio! – disse Piotr Ivanovich, sorrindo, para Shebek. E voltaram para o Tribunal comentando animadamente sobre as distâncias de um e de outro lado da cidade.
Além das elucubrações sobre possíveis transferências e mudanças no departamento, resultantes da morte de Ivan Ilitch, a simples idéia da morte de um companheiro tão próximo fazia surgir naqueles que ouviram a notícia aquele tipo de sentimento de alívio ao pensar que foi ele quem morreu e não eu
.
Agora era ele quem tinha de morrer. Comigo vai ser diferente – eu estou vivo
, pensava cada um deles, enquanto as pessoas mais próximas, os assim chamados amigos, lembravam que agora teriam de cumprir todos aqueles cansativos rituais que exigiam as normas de bom comportamento, assistindo ao funeral e fazendo uma visita de condolências para a viúva.
Fiodr Vassilyevich e Piotr Ivanovich tinham sido seus amigos mais próximos. Piotr Ivanovich fora seu colega na Escola de Direito e lhe devia obrigações.
Em casa, depois de contar para a esposa sobre a morte de Ivan Ilitch, e sua esperança de que talvez conseguisse a transferência de seu cunhado, Piotr Ivanovich abriu mão de sua sesta habitual, vestiu o casaco e saiu.
Do lado de fora da casa de Ivan Ilitch havia uma carruagem e dois trenós de aluguel. Encostado na parede do hall, ao lado do porta-chapéus, via-se a tampa de um caixão coberta por um manto em cujas franjas haviam acabado de borrifar um pó dourado. Havia duas mulheres de preto recolhendo os casacos, e uma delas, a irmã de Ivan Ilitch, Piotr Ivanovich já conhecia, mas a outra era-lhe totalmente estranha.
Seu colega Schwartz já estava descendo, mas ao ver Piotr Ivanovich parou no topo da escada e deu uma piscada, como quem diz: Veja só que confusão foi arrumar nosso amigo Ivan Ilitch – tão diferente de nós!
.
O rosto de Schwartz, com aquelas costeletas, sua figura esguia naquele casaco, tinham como sempre, um ar elegante e solene que contrastava com sua natureza jovial, mas que nessa situação parecia a Piotr Ivanovich adquirir um tempero todo especial.
Piotr Ivanovich deixou que as duas mulheres passassem e as seguiu. Schwartz não fez menção de descer e Piotr Ivanovich sabia por quê: certamente queria combinar o local do whist[1] naquela noite. As mulheres subiram para falar com a viúva, enquanto Schwartz, com os lábios cerrados, mas um olhar malicioso, indicava a Piotr Ivanovich o quarto à direita onde estava o corpo. Piotr Ivanovich entrou, em dúvida, como as pessoas sempre se sentem nessas ocasiões, quanto à melhor atitude a tomar ali dentro. A única coisa que lhe ocorria era que fazer o sinal-da-cruz nunca vinha mal nessas horas. Mas como não tinha certeza se era necessário curvar-se ou não, optou por um meio-termo: ao entrar no quarto, começou o sinal-da-cruz e fez um movimento que lembrava vagamente uma inclinação; ao mesmo tempo, tanto quanto o permitiram os movimentos de mão e de cabeça, deu uma checada no ambiente em volta. Dois rapazes, um deles estudante, que deviam ser sobrinhos, vinham saindo do quarto fazendo o sinal-da-cruz e ele aproveitou e fez o mesmo. Uma senhora de idade estava parada, enquanto uma outra com as sobrancelhas arqueadas cochichava-lhe alguma coisa. Um membro da igreja lia em voz alta, com sinceridade e determinação e uma expressão que não admitia discordâncias. Gerassim, o criado, caminhando com seu passo suave em frente a Piotr Ivanovich, espalhava alguma coisa pelo chão. Ao ver isso, Piotr Ivanovich sentiu imediatamente um cheiro de corpo em decomposição. Na sua última visita a Ivan Ilitch, Piotr Ivanovich vira Gerassim no quarto, fazendo as vezes de enfermeiro, e percebia-se que Ivan Ilitch gostava muito dele.
Piotr Ivanovich continuou