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WO2025008292A1 - Vitre composite - Google Patents

Vitre composite Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2025008292A1
WO2025008292A1 PCT/EP2024/068455 EP2024068455W WO2025008292A1 WO 2025008292 A1 WO2025008292 A1 WO 2025008292A1 EP 2024068455 W EP2024068455 W EP 2024068455W WO 2025008292 A1 WO2025008292 A1 WO 2025008292A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
glass
layer
tvis
thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2024/068455
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charlie DE BECKER
Kadosa Hevesi
Original Assignee
Agc Glass Europe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agc Glass Europe filed Critical Agc Glass Europe
Publication of WO2025008292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025008292A1/fr

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Classifications

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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/584—Scratch resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
    • B32B2307/7376—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane having IR reflective coating and low emissivity coating, to a method to provide for said pane and to uses thereof.
  • the goal was to have the lowest possible TTS value (measure of the total transmitted heat radiation of the sun through the pane, and for example according to the ISO 9050) in combination with a light transmission of 2 to 10% in order to ensure the best possible compromise between the view through the roof to the outside and good thermal properties.
  • W02005007592A2 discloses a vehicle glazing comprising a pane of tinted glass, tinted by at least 1.0 to 1.8 % wt. of total iron, having a low emissivity coating on its interior surface.
  • the coating has an emissivity from 0.05 to 0.4 and may include a transparent conductive oxide (and optionally a dopant), or a metal layer and at least one dielectric layer.
  • a laminated glazing comprising two plies of glass, laminated by a sheet of interlayer material therebetween, wherein at least one ply of glass or the sheet of interlayer material is body tinted, said glazing having a low emissivity coating on its interior surface.
  • the inner ply may be clear glass or tinted glass.
  • the interlayer material may be clear PVB or tinted PVB, and it may further be infra-red reflecting. Either of the glazings may be used as a roof or other vehicle glazing.
  • EP2090428A1 relates to a glazing with high thermal performance for a vehicle, in particular for a roof of a motor vehicle, and this new glazing is a laminated glazing consisting of an outer glass, a inner glass, an interlayer between the two glasses consisting of at least one absorbent PVB-based film, the inner glass being coated on its inner side with a low-emissivity layer.
  • the optimal solution preferred in EP2090428A1 is the use of a tinted outer glass, and a clear inner glass as a support for the low emissivity layer.
  • WO2016202799A1 relates to a laminated glazing comprising a substrate, in particular a transparent substrate, optionally coloured, coated with an infrared-reflecting layer and capable of being used as glazing in buildings or in vehicles.
  • the coated substrate is made up of the combination of a glass substrate in which the composition has a redox of less than 15 %, characterised by infrared reflection RIRV so that RIRV > 1.087 * TLV, wherein TLV is the light transmission of the glass, and an infrared reflecting layer characterised by light transmission TLC so that TLC > 1.3 * TIRC, wherein TIRC is the infrared transmission of the layer.
  • Glazings intended for use in sunroofs and sliding roofs require light transmittance between 2 and 10% and specific sun protection.
  • the reflection of light is targeted at less than 10%, preferably less than 8%.
  • a low total transmitted heat radiation (TTS) is desired, less than 35%.
  • the objective is, consequently, to provide for a composite pane with current requirements in terms of thermal management, light management, low reflection inside and low reflection outside.
  • the composite pane therefore is targeted to possess the following characteristics:
  • Tvis 1 to 10%, preferably of 1 to 8%, in order to ensure the best possible compromise between vision outside through the roof and good thermal properties
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • a composite pane comprising a. a first glass pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by a infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T VjS ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio Tvis / TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness; b.
  • a second glass pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, different from the first glass pane, characterized by a ratio Tvis I TIR > 0.50, and by a ratio Tvis/TE > 0.70 , for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness (with TIR considered in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm, and Tvis considered in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm, and TE considered in the wavelength range of 300 - 2500 nm); and c. a thermoplastic interlayer that joins the interior-side surface of the outer pane to the outerside surface of the inner pane, wherein the composite pane comprises, between the outer pane and the inner pane, at least one infrared reflective coating.
  • the opto-energetical properties of the first and second panes are considered herein as intrinsic properties of said panes, and not as objectives in themselves.
  • the proper selection of said first and second panes allows for the final composite pane to reach the targets in terms of light transmittance, light reflectance observed from the outside, a light reflectance observed from the inside and total transmitted heat radiation.
  • TIR (%) infrared transmittance in the infrared range of 780-2500 nm
  • TTS (%) total transmitted heat radiation in the wavelength range of 300-2500 nm
  • Rout (%) light reflectance to the outside in the visible range of 380 - 780 nm
  • Rin (%) light reflectance to the inside in the visible range of 380 - 780 nm
  • the composite pane is intended, in a window opening, to separate an interior space from the external environment, in particular the interior of a vehicle or of a room.
  • the composite pane is a laminate and comprises a first pane and a second pane that are joined to one another via a thermoplastic interlayer.
  • the “inner pane” is the pane that faces the interior in the installed position.
  • “Outer pane” refers to the pane facing the external environment in the installed position.
  • “Interior-side surface (or inside or inner surface)” means, in the context of the invention, that surface of the panes that faces the interior in the installed position.
  • “Outer-side surface (outside or outer surface)” means, in the context of the invention, that surface of the panes that faces the external environment in the installed position.
  • the first and second glass panes may be either one of the inner or outer pane respectively, that is, when the first glass pane is the outer pane, then the second pane consequently is the inner glass pane, and when the first glass pane is the inner pane, then the second pane consequently is the outer glass pane.
  • the surfaces of the panes are typically referenced as follows.
  • the outer side of the outer pane is referred to as side 1.
  • the inner-side of the outer pane is referred to as side 2.
  • the outer side of the inner pane is referred to as side 3.
  • the inner-side of the inner pane is referred to as side 4.
  • the interior-side surface of the outer pane and the outer-side surface of the inner pane face one another and are bonded to one another by means of the thermoplastic interlayer.
  • the first pane having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface may be characterized by an infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T VjS ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio Tvis / TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the ratio T VjS / TIR of the first glass pane may preferably be ⁇ 0,15; more preferably ⁇ 0,10; most preferably ⁇ 0,06.
  • the infrared wavelength typically ranges of from 780 nm to more than 10 micrometers. However, the use of infrared technologies is typically processed at wavelengths in the nearinfrared, that is, that range of the wavelength nearest to the visible wavelength, border to the red, namely ranging of from 780-2500 nm.
  • infrared rays infrared light
  • infrared wavelengths may be used interchangeably and encompass the same wavelength region ranging of from 780-2500 nm.
  • the first glass types will be herein referred to as “infrared transmissive glass”, and are typically those having an absorption coefficient lower than 25 nr 1 in the wavelength range from 750 to 1650 nm.
  • the absorption coefficient is used in the wavelength range from 750 to 1650 nm.
  • the absorption coefficient is defined by the ratio between the absorbance and the optical path length traversed by electromagnetic radiation in a given environment. It is expressed in nr 1 . It is independent of the thickness of the material but it is function of the wavelength of the absorbed radiation and the chemical nature of the material.
  • the first glass sheet type according to the invention preferably has an absorption coefficient ⁇ 25 nr 1 , in the wavelength range of 750-1650 nm.
  • the glass may be colored glass, from green, blue or grey, up to black glass, provided the glass is transmissive for infrared rays of from 780 to 2500 nm.
  • compositions of glass may be suitable in the scope of the present invention, provided the absorption ⁇ 25 nr 1 , the wavelength range from 750 to 1650 nm.
  • the base first glass composition of the invention may comprise a total content expressed in weight percentages of glass:
  • the base first glass composition may comprise a total content expressed in weight percentages of glass:
  • the base first glass composition may comprise a total content expressed in weight percentages of glass:
  • the first glass pane may include other components according to the desired effect.
  • a very transparent glass in the high infrared (IR) with weak or no impact on its aesthetic or its color, may be obtained by combining a low iron quantity and chromium in a range of specific contents in the glass composition.
  • the glass sheet composition may thus comprise a content, expressed as the total weight of glass percentages, of
  • Fe2Oa Fe2Oa
  • C ⁇ Ch 0,0001 to 0,06 %
  • Fe2Oa Fe2Oa
  • C ⁇ Ch 0,0015 to 1 %
  • Co in amounts of 0,0001 to 1%
  • Fe2Oa Fe2Oa
  • C ⁇ Ch in amounts of 0,002 to 0,5 %
  • Co in amounts of 0,0001 to 0,5%
  • - Fe total (expressed as Fe2Oa) in amounts of 0,002 to 1 % and C ⁇ Ch in amounts of 0,001 to 0,5 % and Co in amounts of 0,0001 to 0,5 % and Se in amounts of 0,0003 to 0,5 %; or - Fe total (expressed as Fe20a) in amounts of 0,002 to 0,06% and CeC>2 in amounts of 0,001 to 1 %; or
  • Fe2Oa Fe2Oa in amounts of 0,002 - 0,06% ;
  • the first glass pane may thus be selected from infrared transmissive glass, for its long term resistance to exposure, its color stability and its low impact on the environment in terms of usage and recycling.
  • the added advantage of glass is that the thickness of the sheet of glass may be tuned to reduce the overall weight of the pane.
  • the first glass may further be characterized by any one or more of the following characteristics, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness:
  • the first pane is the outer pane of the composite pane.
  • the first pane having such a low visible transmittance has the advantage that it alleviates the need for enamel coating in P2, since it is sufficiently dark to hide any border or edge defects, such as bubbles, or undesired optical reflection effects of the borders of the composite pane.
  • Such alleviation of enamel also allows for an homogeneous TTS across the entire surface of the composite pane. Since there is no reduction of the infrared reflectivity function of the at least one infrared reflective coating in the (absent) enamel area, the thermal comfort is not disrupted at the edges of the composite pane.
  • the at least one infrared reflective coating present in the composite pane may be fully efficient in reflecting heat rays (infrared rays), such that heat is not absorbed within the glass sheet or within the composite pane, and thermal management is optimized.
  • the second glass pane may specifically be characterized by a ratio Tvis / TIR > 0.50, and by a ratio Tvis/TE > 0.70 , for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness (with TIR considered in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm, and Tvis considered in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm, and TE considered in the wavelength range of 300 - 2500 nm).
  • the second glass pane may be a clear or colored glass of soda-lime-silica, aluminosilicate or borosilicate type, and the like.
  • a colored second glass pane may be a regular colored glass substrate, such as green, grey, bronze, or blue-green glass substrates.
  • the ratio T VjS / TIR of the second glass pane may preferably be > 0.70, more preferably > 0.90.
  • the second pane may further be characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the second pane in these first instances, may further be characterized by any one or more of the following characteristics, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness:
  • the second pane may further be characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 -780 nm), fora glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • Such glass may also be referred to as “colored glass”.
  • the second pane in these second instances, may further be characterized by any one or more of the following characteristics, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness:
  • the additional advantage of the selection of the second and inner glass pane as a so-called colored glass, is the tuning of the overall light transmittance of the composite pane and the reduction of the interior reflection.
  • the second glass pane may thus be selected from clear or colored glass, with ranges of light transmittance in the visible of > 65% (first instances) or Tvis ranging from 3 to 65% (second instances), for their color stability and their low impact on the environment in terms of usage and recycling and ease of manufacture.
  • the added advantage of glass is that the thickness of the sheet of glass may be tuned to reduce the overall weight of the pane.
  • the glass panes may independently be annealed, tempered or heat strengthened.
  • the outer and inner panes may independently have a thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, alternatively from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, alternatively from 0.5 mm to 8 mm, alternatively from 0.5 mm to 6 mm.
  • the outer and inner panes in the present composite pane may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 4 mm.
  • Both panes may have the same thickness, for example 0.5 mm, or 0.8 mm, or 1.2 mm, or 1.6 mm, or 2.1 mm, or 3 mm.
  • Such symmetrical construction in glass thickness allows for ease of process and conventional sizing of the laminating process.
  • Such asymmetrical constructions in glass thickness allow for flexibility in curvature, and/or in weight management and/or flexibility in light/solar modulation.
  • a preferred construction may be provided when the outer glass sheet is thicker than the inner glass sheet, for reasons of mechanical stability of the composite pane, and possibly to improve the overall total transmitted heat radiation (TTS), for example, the outer glass pane may be 2.1 mm thick, while the inner glass pane may be 1.6 mm thick.
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • polymer interlayer sheet generally may designate a single-layer sheet or a multilayered interlayer.
  • a "single-layer sheet,” as the name implies, is a single or monolithic thermoplastic layer extruded as one layer which is then used to laminate two panes.
  • a multilayered interlayer on the other hand, may comprise multiple layers, including separately extruded layers, co-extruded layers, or any combination of separately and co-extruded layers of thermoplastic material.
  • a multilayered interlayer could comprise, for example: two or more single-layer sheets combined together ("plural-layer sheet”); two or more layers co-extruded together ("co-extruded sheet”); two or more co-extruded sheets combined together; a combination of at least one single-layer sheet and at least one co- extruded sheet; a combination of at least one plural-layer sheet and at least one co-extruded sheet, or any other combination of sheets as desired.
  • thermoplastic interlayer examples include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinylchloride, poly(vinylchloride-co-methacrylate), polyethylenes, polyolefins, ethylene acrylate ester copolymers, poly(ethylene- co-butyl acrylate), silicone elastomers, epoxy resins, and acid copolymers, and, in general, any optical bonding material with refractive index between 1.4 and [0059]
  • the thermoplastic interlayer preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (Pll) and/or mixtures thereof and/or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
  • thermoplastic interlayer are preferably based on the materials mentioned but may, however, contain other components, for example, plasticizers, photophores, heat insulating particles, infrared absorbing particles, polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, suspended particles, pigments, colorants, or UV absorbers, preferably with a content of less than 50%.
  • thermoplastic interlayer preferably is clear and colorless, and has a light transmittance > 50%, preferably > 60%, more preferably > 75%, as measured by llluminant A, with a 2° observer in an installed position between two sheets of clear float glass of 2.1 mm.
  • thermoplastic interlayer allows for the final composite pane to work with most common thermoplastic interlayer with regards to cost and recyclability (measured with llluminant A, 2°).
  • Such optimal thermoplastic interlayer may be characterized by a Tvis > 80%, as measured between 2 sheets of clear float glass of 2.1 mm, preferably Tvis > 84%, or more preferably, Tvis > 89%.
  • the individual thermoplastic film layer preferably have a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the at least one infrared (I R) reflective coating and the low emissivity coating of the present invention are provided as thin film coatings, having each independently a thickness ranging from 10 to 1000 nm.
  • the layers are numbered in sequence starting from the substrate surface. That is, a first layer is understood to be the first applied on the substrate, a second being the second layer applied on the substrate, above the first layer. The successive order of the positions is considered relative to the substrate onwards, up to the uppermost layer.
  • the terms “below”, “underneath”, “under” indicate the relative position of a layer vis a vis a next layer, within the layer sequence starting from the substrate.
  • the terms “above”, “upper” indicate the relative position of a layer vis a vis a next layer, within the layer sequence starting from the substrate.
  • the relative positions of the layers within the stack do not necessarily imply direct contact between the layers. That is, some interlayer may be provided between the first and second layer.
  • a first layer "deposited over" the substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coating layers of the same or different composition located between that first layer film and the substrate, provided the objective of the present invention is not jeopardized.
  • a layer may actually be composed of several multiple individual (sub)layers.
  • all layer thicknesses herein are geometrical layer thicknesses.
  • an IR reflective coating is present between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the role of such an IR reflective coating is to reflect the infrared portions of the solar radiation passing through the outer pane, and to reduce the heat transfer towards the inner pane and interior of the vehicle.
  • the IR reflective coating being in the path of the external heat rays before arriving to the inner pane, said inner pane is prevented from heat load.
  • the at least one IR reflective coating may be embedded in the thermoplastic interlayer, or be applied directly on the interior-side surface of the outer pane.
  • the IR reflective coating is embedded in the thermoplastic interlayer
  • the IR reflective coating is typically applied on a carrier film that is arranged between two thermoplastic films.
  • Such an embedded IR reflective coating may be selected from non-metallic solar control films also known as multilayer optical films or laminated structures of interference polymer layers, where the layers have different refractive index characteristics so that some light is reflected at interfaces between adjacent layers; or from metallic solar control film.
  • the carrier film preferably contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and has a thickness of 0.012 to 0.2 mm. Such coatings are well known in the art and need not be further described herein.
  • the at least one IR reflective coating is applied directly on the interior-side surface of the outer pane. Such positioning allows for optimal interference with the external heat rays, before even penetrating the thermoplastic interlayer, such that the majority of the heat is reflected out, through the outer pane. Both the inner pane and the thermoplastic interlayers are so protected from heat load.
  • the IR reflective coating is applied on a surface of a pane, facing the thermoplastic interlayer, it is typically provided by physical vapor deposition methods.
  • Such a IR reflective coating applied on a surface of a pane may comprise n infrared reflective (IR) layers and n + 1 dielectric layers, with n > 1 , such that each IR layer is surrounded by two dielectric layers.
  • IR infrared reflective
  • Such IR reflective coating preferably comprises n infrared reflective (IR) layers and n + 1 dielectric layers, with n > 1 , such that each IR layer is surrounded by two dielectric layers.
  • IR reflective coating offers an optimal comprise between sun protection efficiency and cost.
  • the IR reflective layer may be made of silver, gold, palladium, platinum or alloys thereof.
  • the IR reflective layer or functional layer may have a thickness from 2 to 35 nm, alternatively from 5 to 25 nm, alternatively from 7 to 18 nm. These thickness ranges may enable the desired solar control function and/or conductivity (when needed) to be achieved.
  • the dielectric layers may typically comprise oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides or oxycarbides of Zn, Sn, Ti, Zr, Si, In, Al, Bi, Ta, Hf, Mg, Nb, Y, Ga, Sb, Mg, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, V, B or mixtures thereof.
  • the dielectric layers may comprise oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides or oxycarbides of Zn, Sn, Ti, Zr, Si, In, Al, Nb, Sb, Ni, Cr, V, Mb, Mg or mixtures thereof.
  • the dielectric layers may comprise oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides of Zn, Sn, Ti, Zr, Si, In, Al, Nb, Sb, Ni, Cr, or mixtures thereof.
  • These materials may optionally be doped, where examples of dopants include aluminum, zirconium, silicon, niobium, boron, or mixtures thereof.
  • the dopant or mixture of dopants may be present in an amount up to 15 wt %.
  • dielectric materials include, but are not limited to, silicon based oxides, silicon based nitrides, zinc oxides, aluminum doped zinc oxides, zinc-based oxides, tin oxides, mixed zinc-tin oxides, silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, titanium oxides, aluminum oxides, zirconium oxides, niobium oxides, aluminum nitrides, bismuth oxides, mixed silicon-zirconium nitrides, and mixtures of at least two thereof, such as for example titanium-zirconium oxides, titanium-niobium oxides, zinc-titanium oxides, zinc-gallium oxides, zinc-indium-gallium oxides (IGZO), zinc-titanium-aluminum oxides (ZTAO), zinc-tin-titanium oxides, zinc-aluminum- vanadium oxides, zinc-aluminum-molybdenum oxides, zinc-alumin
  • Each dielectric layer may consist of a plurality of individual layers comprising or essentially consisting of the above materials.
  • the dielectric layers may each have a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 200 nm, alternatively from 0.1 to 150 nm, alternatively from 1 to 120 nm, alternatively from 1 to 90 nm. Different dielectric layers may have different thicknesses. That is, the first dielectric layer may have a thickness that is the same or different, greater or smaller, compared to the thickness of the second or third or any other dielectric layer.
  • Preferred IR reflective coating may typically comprise at least one infrared reflective layer embedded between dielectric layers comprising several layers, among which layers of varying composition in zinc oxide, that is, layers of zinc oxide, zinc oxide doped with aluminum, or layers of mixed oxide of zinc and tin, having a ratio Sn/Zn ranging from 0.5 to 2 by weight, or having a ratio Sn/Zn ranging from 0.02 to 0.5 by weight; layers of silicon nitride; layers of titanium oxide; layers of silicon nitride; layers of mixed oxide of zinc, titanium and aluminum, among others.
  • the IR layer(s) may be independently provided with a metallic barrier layer such as Ti, Ni, NiCr, NiCrW, Zr, or the like.
  • the preferred IR reflective coating may typically comprise a topcoat providing for mechanical and chemical durability selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, mixed oxide of titanium and zirconium, mixed oxide of silicon and zirconium, or mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium, and mixtures or alloys thereof.
  • Such preferred IR reflective coatings have shown particularly good compatibility with the thermoplastic intermediate layer comprising at least 10% of recycled material, while displaying efficiency in protection of the thermoplastic interlayer from sun rays.
  • suitable IR reflective coating include those coatings comprising: a dielectric layer; a first barrier layer (seed layer); an infrared (IR) reflective layer comprising silver; a second barrier layer and another dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layers may be selected from zinc oxide, silicon nitride or mixtures thereof.
  • the barriers may be selected from Ni, Cr, W, Ti, or any mixture or alloy thereof.
  • Such a coating may also comprise more than one IR reflective layer.
  • IR reflective coating include a solar control coating comprising
  • a base dielectric layer comprising at least a base dielectric lower layer and a base dielectric upper layer which is of a different composition to that of the base dielectric lower layer, the base dielectric upper layer comprising either one of zinc oxide or a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material X, in which the ratio X/Zn in the base dielectric upper layer is between 0.02 and 0.5 by weight and in which X is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti,
  • a first infra-red reflecting layer such as silver, gold, platinum, or mixtures thereof
  • a central dielectric layer comprising at least a central dielectric lower layer and a central dielectric upper layer which is of a different composition to that of the central dielectric lower layer, the central dielectric lower layer being in direct contact with the first barrier layer and the central dielectric upper layer;
  • the central dielectric upper layer comprising either one of zinc oxide or a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material Y, in which the ratio Y/Zn in the base dielectric upper layer is between 0.02 and 0.5 by weight and in which Y is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti,
  • a second infra-red reflecting layer such as silver, gold, platinum, or mixtures thereof
  • suitable IR reflective coating includes a solar control coating comprising
  • a base dielectric layer comprising at least a base dielectric lower layer and a base dielectric upper layer which is of a different composition to that of the base dielectric lower layer, the base dielectric upper layer comprising either one of zinc oxide or a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material X, in which the ratio X/Zn in the base dielectric upper layer is between 0.02 and 0.5 by weight and in which X is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti,
  • a first infra-red reflecting layer such as silver, gold, platinum, or mixtures thereof
  • a first barrier layer • a second dielectric layer comprising at least a second dielectric lower layer and a second dielectric upper layer which is of a different composition to that of the second dielectric lower layer, the second dielectric lower layer being in direct contact with the first barrier layer and the second dielectric upper layer;
  • the second dielectric upper layer comprising either one of zinc oxide or a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material Y, in which the ratio Y/Zn in the second dielectric upper layer is between 0.02 and 0.5 by weight and in which Y is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti,
  • a second infra-red reflecting layer such as silver, gold, platinum, or mixtures thereof
  • a third dielectric layer comprising at least a third dielectric lower layer and a third dielectric upper layer which is of a different composition to that of the third dielectric lower layer, the third dielectric lower layer being in direct contact with the second barrier layer and the third dielectric upper layer;
  • the third dielectric upper layer comprising either one of zinc oxide or a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material Y, in which the ratio Y/Zn in the third dielectric upper layer is between 0.02 and 0.5 by weight and in which Y is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti,
  • a third infra-red reflecting layer such as silver, gold, platinum, or mixtures thereof
  • the base dielectric upper layer may be in direct contact with the first infra-red reflecting layer.
  • the central dielectric upper layer may be in direct contact with the second infra-red reflecting layer.
  • the upper layers of both the base dielectric layer and the central, first and second dielectric layer may independently have a geometrical thickness within the range of about 3 to 20 nm.
  • One or both of the additional materials X and Y may be Sn and/or Al.
  • the proportion of Zn in the mixed oxide that forms the base dielectric upper layer and/or that which forms the central dielectric upper layer may be such that ratio X/Zn and/or the ratio Y/Zn is between about 0.03 and 0.3 by weight.
  • the first and/or second and/or third barrier layer may be a layer comprising Ti and/or comprising an oxide of Ti, and they may each independently have a geometrical thickness of from 0.5 to 7 nm.
  • the base dielectric upper layer and/or the central and/or the second and/or third dielectric upper layer may independently have a geometrical thickness ⁇ 20 nm, alternatively ⁇ 15 nm, alternatively ⁇ 13 nm, alternatively ⁇ 11 nm, and > 3 nm, alternatively > 5 nm, alternatively > 10 nm.
  • the infra-red reflecting layers may each independently have a thickness of from 2 to 22 nm, alternatively of from 5 to 20 nm, alternatively of from 8 to 18 nm.
  • the top dielectric layer may comprise at least one layer which comprises a mixed oxide of Zn and at least one additional material W, in which the ratio W/Zn in that layer is between 0.02 and 2.0 by weight and in which W is one or more of the materials selected from the group comprising Sn, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mg, Nb, Ta and Ti.
  • a topcoat may be present selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, mixed oxide of titanium and zirconium, mixed oxide of silicon and zirconium, or mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium, and mixtures or alloys thereof.
  • the IR reflective coating may be an electrically conductive coating such as an electrically conductive heated window coating or a single-film or multi-film coating capable of functioning as an antenna.
  • an optional low emissivity coating may be present on the interior-side of the inner pane (side 4).
  • Such low emissivity coating reflects thermal radiation, i.e., in particular, IR radiation of longer wavelength than the IR component of solar radiation. At low outside temperatures, the low emissivity coating reflects heat back into the interior and reduces the cooling of the interior. At high outside temperatures in the summer, the low emissivity coating on the interior side of the inner pane reduces the emission of thermal radiation from the pane into the interior while it reduces the emission of heat into the external environment in the winter.
  • the optional low emissivity coating comprises at least one functional layer that contains a transparent conductive oxide (TOO), selected from indium tin oxide, antimony-doped or fluorinedoped tin oxide, gallium- and/or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, mixed indium zinc, vanadium oxide, tungsten and/or magnesium doped vanadium oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and/or cadmium stannate; or at least one nitride based functional layer with low emissivity properties selected from titanium nitride, chromium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, hafnium nitride, or mixtures thereof.
  • TOO transparent conductive oxide
  • Preferred transparent conductive oxide may be selected from indium tin oxide, antimony-doped or fluorine-doped tin oxide and/or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AI) and/or gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga), with indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide most preferred.
  • Preferred nitride based functional layer may be selected from titanium nitride or chromium nitride, or mixtures thereof.
  • the refractive index of the material of the TCO functional layer is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.
  • the emissivity of the pane can be influenced by the thickness of the functional layer of the low emissivity coating.
  • the thickness of the at least one functional layer may range of from 45 nm to 210 nm, preferably 90 nm to 175 nm, and most preferably 105 nm to 170 nm. This range allows for an optimal compromise between a low emissivity and thermal treatment resistance of the pane.
  • the low emissivity coating may be characterized by an emissivity ⁇ 0.2 (according to the standard EN 12898).
  • a first suitable optional low emissivity coating includes a coating comprising the following layers, in sequence: a first low refractive index layer, for example silicon oxide, and a transparent conductive oxide layer.
  • This first suitable low emissivity coating allows to reach a light reflectance inside the vehicle, Rin , ⁇ 10% or even ⁇ 8%.
  • the at least one TCO functional layer may be surrounded by dielectric layers which may have alternating low and high refractive indices.
  • the first dielectric layer that is, the layer under the TCO functional layer, may comprise a first sublayer of high refractive index material, and subsequently, a second sublayer of low refractive index material.
  • the second dielectric layer that is, the layer above the TCO functional layer, may comprise a third sublayer of high refractive index material, and subsequently, a fourth sublayer of low refractive index material.
  • Examples of high refractive index dielectric layers that is, with a refractive index > 1.7, alternatively > 1.8, include zirconium doped titanium dioxide, silicon doped titanium dioxide, mixed oxide of zinc and tin, mixed oxide of titanium and silicon.
  • Examples of low refractive index dielectric layers that is, with a refractive index ⁇ 1.6, alternatively ⁇ 1.55, include silicon oxide, zirconium doped silicon oxide, mixed oxide of silicon and aluminum, magnesium fluoride.
  • An optimal optional low emissivity coating includes a coating comprising the following layers, in sequence: a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, an optional barrier layer, a second low refractive index layer, and an optional top coat having a low refractive index.
  • the first high refractive index layer may have a thickness ranging of from 7 to 23 nm, alternatively of from 8 to 20 nm, alternatively of from 9 to 19 nm.
  • the first low refractive index layer may have a thickness ranging of from 18 to 55 nm, alternatively of from 20 to 50 nm, alternatively of from 25 to 45 nm.
  • the transparent conductive oxide layer may have a thickness ranging of from 75 to 210 nm, alternatively of from 90 to 175 nm, alternatively of from 105 to 170 nm.
  • the optional barrier layer may have a thickness ranging of from 0 to 15 nm, alternatively of from 1 to 15 nm, alternatively of from 1 to 12 nm.
  • the second low refractive index layer may have a thickness ranging of from 40 to 110 nm, alternatively of from 45 to 105 nm, alternatively of from 50 to 95 nm.
  • the optional top coat may have a thickness ranging of from 2 to 40 nm, alternatively of from 5 to 35 nm, alternatively of from 6 to 30 nm.
  • the optional topcoat may be a layer of silicon oxide comprising zirconium in an amount of 5 to 40 mol% and/or 0.2 to 3.0 at%.
  • Such an uppermost layer allows for tuning the neutral color rendering of the low emissivity coating together with superior durability, for example against scratches.
  • the low emissivity coating being positioned towards the passenger compartment, it may be subject to wear and scratches from cleaning or passenger occupations. Such passenger occupations may impact the integrity of the coating, such as rubbing or objects, (umbrellas, balls, clothes, etc.).
  • This uppermost layer may also provide compatibility and adhesion to the fastening elements which will subsequently be used to secure the composite pane within a vehicle frame.
  • An optimal optional low emissivity coating may thus include a coating comprising the following layers, in sequence: a first high refractive index layer having a thickness ranging of from 7 to 23 nm, a first low refractive index layer having a thickness ranging of from 18 to 55 nm, a transparent conductive oxide layer having a thickness ranging of from 75 to 210 nm, an optional barrier layer having a thickness ranging of from 0 to 15 nm, a second low refractive index layer having a thickness ranging of from 40 to 110 nm, and an optional top coat having a low refractive index having a thickness ranging of from 2 to 40 nm.
  • a pane of clear float glass (soda-lime glass) provided with such an optimal low emissivity coating may have a light transmittance of 85 to 94%.
  • the present optional optimal low emissivity coating may be characterized by an emissivity ⁇ 0.35, preferably ⁇ 0.25 (according to the standard EN 12898).
  • a composite pane comprising a combination of an inner glass pane characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness, with a low emissivity coating allows to reach a very low light reflectance inside the vehicle, with values of Rin ⁇ 4%.
  • the present composite pane may reach a total transmitted heat radiation (TTS) ⁇ 22%.
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • suitable optional low emissivity coating may be a low emissivity coating comprising at least two layers of transparent electrically conductive oxide having each a thickness ranging from 20 to 80 nm, which are separated by at least one layer of dielectric material.
  • a low emissivity coating may thus comprise n’ TCO layers and n’ + 1 dielectric layers, with n’ > 1 , such that each IR layer is surrounded by two dielectric layers.
  • dielectric layers for such a suitable low emissivity coating include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, or alloys or mixtures thereof.
  • Such a low emissivity coating may comprise at least one functional layer comprising a metal nitride, a crystallinity-improving layer comprising ZrN x , wherein x is higher than 1.2 and at most 2.0, present below and in contact with the metal nitride layer.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the functional layer to the thickness of the crystallinity-improving layer may advantageously be from 5 to 10.
  • Another suitable low emissivity coating may comprise, in sequence starting from the substrate surface:
  • a second crystallinity-improving layer •optionally followed by a second crystallinity-improving layer, a second metal nitride functional layer, and a third dielectric layer, wherein the crystallinity-improving layers comprise ZrNx, wherein x is higher than 1 .2 and at most 2.0
  • the metal nitride functional layers are selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride and hafnium nitride and may have a thickness ranging from 3 to 60 nm and the first, second and/or third dielectric layers may have a thickness ranging from 1.5 to 2000 nm and advantageously comprise silicon nitride doped with aluminum.
  • a low emissivity coating comprising a metal nitride functional layer may further comprise a toplayer comprising silicon dioxide, titanium nitride and/or carbon.
  • the composite pane is obtained through typical methods to provide for laminated composite panes.
  • the deposition of the optional low emissivity coating on the inner pane (P4), and/or the deposition of the at least one infrared reflective coating on a glass may be independently carried out by using a method selected among CVD, PECVD, PVD, magnetron sputtering, or the like. [0126] Different layers of the respective coatings may be deposited using different techniques.
  • indium tin oxide When indium tin oxide is used, it is preferably deposited by means of magnetron-enhanced cathodic sputtering with a target of indium tin oxide.
  • the target preferably contains from 75 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% indium oxide and from 5 wt.-% to 25 wt.-% tin oxide as well as production-related admixtures.
  • the deposition of the indium tin oxide or tin-doped indium oxide is preferably done under a non-reactive gas atmosphere, for example, argon. A small amount of oxygen can also be added to the non-reactive gas, for example, to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer.
  • the target can preferably contain at least from 75 wt.% to 95 wt.% indium and from 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% tin.
  • the deposition of the indium tin oxide is preferably done under addition of oxygen as the reactive gas during cathodic sputtering.
  • the at least one infrared reflective coating may be arranged on a carrier film embedded in the interlayer, such as discussed above.
  • the glass panes provided with the respective coatings may subsequently be subjected to a thermal treatment, to reinforce the glass panes, and to optimize performances of said coatings.
  • the thermal treatments comprise heating the glazing to a temperature of at least 560°C in air, for example between 560°C and 700°C, in particular around 630°C to 670°C, during around 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or even 15 minutes according to the heat-treatment type and the thickness of the glazing.
  • the treatment may comprise a rapid cooling step after the heating step, to introduce a stress difference between the surfaces and the core of the glass so that in case of impact, the so-called tempered glass sheet will break safely in small pieces. If the cooling step is less strong, the glass will then simply be heat-strengthened and in any case offer a better mechanical resistance.
  • the assembling of the inner and outer panes with the thermoplastic interlayer may be a lamination step for flat glass, or may be a bending step for curved laminated glass, which bending step includes the steps of first bending the sheets of glass and second, laminating said bent sheets of glass.
  • the at least one infrared reflective coating is present on a carrier film embedded in the thermoplastic interlayer, it is assembled with the inner and outer panes during the lamination step.
  • the composite pane may also be subject to enamel deposition and/or preparation for inclusion within a frame.
  • the composite pane therefore is targeted to possess the following characteristics:
  • Tvis 1 to 10%, preferably of 1 to 8%, in order to ensure the best possible compromise between vision outside through the composite pane and good thermal properties
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • the present composite pane may thus be characterized by a light transmittance of 1 to 10%, preferably of 1 to 8%, which ensures the best possible compromise between vision outside through the composite pane and good thermal properties.
  • This light transmittance may be reached by the selection of the appropriate inner and outer panes.
  • a first suitable construction comprises a second pane as outer pane, having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by a ratio Tvis / TIR > 0.50, and by a ratio Tvis/TE > 0.70 , for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness (with TIR considered in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm, and Tvis considered in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm, and TE considered in the wavelength range of 300 - 2500 nm), and a first pane as inner pane, having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by an infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T VjS ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio T VjS I TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • a second suitable construction comprises a first pane as outer pane, having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by an infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T vis ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio T vis / TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness, and a second pane as inner pane, having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by a ratio Tvis / TIR > 0.50, and by a ratio Tvis/TE > 0.70 , for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness (with TIR considered in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm, and Tvis considered in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm, and TE considered in the wavelength range of 300 - 2500 nm).
  • a third suitable construction comprises a first pane as outer pane, having an outer-side surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by a infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T vis ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio T vis I TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness and a second pane as the inner glass pane further characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • a fourth and optimal construction comprises a first pane as outer pane, having an outerside surface and an interior-side surface, characterized by a infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T vis ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio T vis I TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness and a second pane as the inner glass pane further characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the low emissivity coating positioned on the inner-side of the colored inner pane (P4), towards the vehicle compartment, together with good durability, allows to further reduce the TTS to values less or equal to 16%.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the composite pane according to the invention as a window pane of a vehicle.
  • a vehicle includes those vehicles useful for transportation on road, in air, in and on water, in particular cars, busses, tramways, trains, ships, aircraft, spacecraft, space stations and other motor vehicles.
  • the window panes include rear window, side windows, sun roof, panoramic roof or any other window useful for a car, or any glazing for any other transportation device, where light transmittance > 70% is not a mandatory feature.
  • the window pane may be a lateral window, a rear window or a roof window.
  • the window pane most preferably is a roof panel of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, as it may best provide for solar control over a wide surface as compared to side windows.
  • Such a composite pane for use as window pane or roof is favored by the low total transmitted heat radiation (TTS) of less or equal to 22%, preferably less or equal to 16%, (measured according to ISO 9050).
  • the present pane may be also be useful in architectural applications.
  • Architectural applications include displays, windows, doors, partitions, shower panels, and the like.
  • the composite pane may serve as a heatable vehicle glazing.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a cross-section through an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention.
  • the composite pane comprises an outer pane 10 and an inner pane 20 that are joined to one another via a thermoplastic interlayer 30.
  • the composite pane may for example have a size of approximately 1 m 2 and is intended for use as a roof panel of a passenger car, with the outer pane 10 intended to face the external environment and the inner pane 20 intended to face the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane 10 has an outer-side surface 11 and an interior-side surface 12.
  • the inner pane 20 has an outer-side surface 21 and an interior-side surface 22.
  • the outer-side surface 11 and 21 face the external environment in the installed state; the interior-side surfaces 12 and 22 face the vehicle interior in the installed position.
  • the interior-side surface 12 of the outer pane 10 and the outer-side surface 21 of the inner pane 20 face one another, and are bound by the thermoplastic interlayer 30.
  • the outer pane 10 and the inner pane 20 may be provided as discussed above. In some embodiments of the invention, they may each have a thickness of 2.1 mm, or the one pane may have a thickness of 1.6 mm, and the other pane may have a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer 30 may generally have a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • an IR reflective coating 41 is arranged on the interior-side surface 12 of the outer pane 10.
  • the IR reflective coating 41 may extend over the entire surface 12, or may extend over the entire surface minus a circumferential frame-shaped coating-free region.
  • the coating- free region is hermetically sealed by bonding with the thermoplastic interlayer 30.
  • the IR reflective coating 41 is thus advantageously protected against damage and corrosion.
  • the IR reflective coating 41 comprises, for example, at least two functional layers that at least contain silver or are made of silver and have a layer thickness between 5 nm and 20 nm, with each functional layer arranged between two dielectric layers made of the materials listed above, related to the IR reflective coating.
  • a low emissivity coating 52 may be optionally arranged on the interior-side surface 22 of the inner pane 20.
  • the coating 52 may be an optimal low emissivity coating discussed above.
  • Enamel coatings or dark prints 61 and 62 may be provided as obscuration bands typically present on vehicle glazings, intended to be mounted on a vehicle frame. Typical fastening methods may be employed to secure the composite pane on a vehicle.
  • TIR (%) infrared transmittance in the infrared range of 780-2500 nm
  • TTS (%) total transmitted heat radiation in the wavelength range of 300-2500 nm
  • Rout (%) light reflectance to the outside in the visible range of 380 - 780 nm
  • Rin (%) light reflectance to the inside in the visible range of 380 - 780 nm
  • the outer and inner glass sheets have the characteristics as outlined in Table 1 below, for glass sheets of 4 mm thickness.
  • the first panes or Infrared transmissive glass panes, are referred to as “IR”, namely I R-1 to I R-4, each characterized by a infrared transmission TIR > 60% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission T VjS ⁇ 10%, alternatively ⁇ 6% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm), and a ratio T VjS / TIR ⁇ 0.20, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the second panes characterized by a ratio Tvis / TIR > 0.50, and by a ratio Tvis/TE > 0.70 , for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness include Clear glass panes, referred to as Clear-1 and Clear-2, and colored glass panes referred to as “CG” for colored glass, namely CG-1 to CG-4.
  • Clear float glass referred to as Clear-1 and Clear-2, and CG-4 are further characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • CG-1 to CG-3 are further characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the infrared (IR) reflective coatings were chosen from standard silver-based coatings comprising 2 or 3 silver layers embedded in dielectric layers comprising sublayers of zinc oxide having varying compositions.
  • thermoplastic interlayer was a clear and colorless PVB sheet of 0.76 mm, having a light transmittance of 90 % when measured between 2 sheets of clear glass (FCLO in Table 1) of 2.1 mm, commercialized under the trade name Eastman® RF 41.
  • the thicknesses of the glass sheets used in the examples were either 2.1 mm or 1.6 mm, and are indicated for each respective example.
  • Comparative composite panes were also provided. Comparative example 1 was provided according to pending application PCT/EP2023/054315 with two sheets of clear float glass and a grey colored interlayer, said grey colored interlayer having a light transmittance of 1.5% and a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • Comparative example 2 was provided with a colored outer pane having a Tvis of 71.1%, free of IR reflective coating and an infrared transmissive inner pane IR-4.
  • Comparative example 3 was provided with an infrared transmissive outer pane IR-4, free of IR reflective coating, and a clear inner pane having a Tvis of 85.6%.
  • Example 1 was provided with an outer sheet of clear glass (characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness) provided with an IR reflective coating comprising 3 silver layers, and inner sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane IR-4.
  • an outer sheet of clear glass characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness
  • an IR reflective coating comprising 3 silver layers
  • inner sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane IR-4 provided with an outer sheet of clear glass (characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness) provided with an IR reflective coating comprising 3 silver layers, and inner sheet of
  • Examples 2 to 4 were provided with an outer sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane IR- 4 and inner panes characterized by a visible transmission Tvis > 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE > 35%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness - Clear and CG-4.
  • Examples 5 to 8 were provided with an outer sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane IR- 4 and inner panes characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the composite panes of Examples 5 to 8 also comprised an IR reflective coating in P2 and a low emissivity coating as per Table 3, in P4.
  • Examples 9 to 14 were provided with an outer sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane I R-1 and inner panes characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the composite panes of Examples 9 to 14 also comprised an IR reflective coating in P2.
  • a low emissivity coating as per Table 3 was present in the composite panes, in P4, of Examples 9 to 13 and not in Example 14.
  • Examples 15 to 20 were provided with an outer sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane IR-2 or IR-3 and inner panes characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the composite panes of Examples 15 to 20 also comprised an IR reflective coating in P2.
  • a low emissivity coating as per Table 3 was present in the composite panes, in P4, of Examples 15 to 17 and 19, but not in Examples 18 and 20.
  • Examples 21 and 22 were provided with an outer sheet of infrared transmissive inner pane I R-1 and inner panes characterized by an infrared transmission TIR ⁇ 25% (in the wavelengths of 780-2500 nm) and a visible transmission Tvis ranging of from 3 to 65% (in the wavelengths of 380 - 780 nm) and a transmitted energy TE ranging of from 2 to 25%, for a glass sheet of 4 mm thickness.
  • the composite panes of Examples 21 and 22 comprised the AG2b IR reflective coating in P2, contrary to Example 12 which comprised AG2a IR reflective coating in P2.
  • a low emissivity coating as per Table 3 was present in the composite panes, in P4.
  • Comparative example 1 provided with both outer and inner sheets of clear glass did not achieve a light reflectance observed from the outside (Rout) less than 9%.
  • Comparative examples 2 and 3 free of IR reflective coating, did not achieve a total transmitted heat radiation (TTS) less than 20%.
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • TTS transmitted heat radiation
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • Examples 21 and 22 provided with a low emissivity coating and with the specifically designed Ag2b IR reflective coating, achieved
  • TTS transmitted heat radiation
  • Example 21 and 22 Due to the specifically designed AG2b IR reflective coating, the values reached by Examples 21 and 22 were similarto the values of Example 13 comprising Ag3 IR reflective coating in terms of total transmitted heat radiation (TTS), with a reduced light transmittance Tvis but higher light reflectance to the outside or inside.
  • TTS total transmitted heat radiation
  • the thicker second silver layer manages to achieve very good solar control performances and lower light transmittance, with a more simple design than triple silver coatings.
  • the same or similar results may be achieved with a thicker first silver layer.
  • Such specifically designed coatings are even more suitable for vehicle roof applications.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre composite ayant un revêtement réfléchissant les infrarouges et un revêtement à faible émissivité, un procédé pour fournir ladite vitre et des utilisations de celle-ci.
PCT/EP2024/068455 2023-07-04 2024-07-01 Vitre composite WO2025008292A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23183289 2023-07-04
EP23183289.0 2023-07-04

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005007592A2 (fr) 2003-07-11 2005-01-27 Pilkington Plc Vitrage solaire
EP2090428A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-08-19 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Vitrage a hautes performances thermiques pour véhicule, en particulier pour pavillon de véhicule automobile
US20090303581A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2009-12-10 Yoshimitsu Matsushita Laminated Glass with Shade Band
WO2016202799A1 (fr) 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 Agc Glass Europe Vitrage feuilleté pour contrôle solaire
WO2019110172A1 (fr) 2017-12-05 2019-06-13 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite avec revêtement de protection solaire et revêtement réfléchissant les rayons calorifiques
US11319240B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2022-05-03 Agc Glass Europe Glass for autonomous car
US20220373651A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2022-11-24 Agc Glass Europe Lidar detection device provided with a laminated protective layer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005007592A2 (fr) 2003-07-11 2005-01-27 Pilkington Plc Vitrage solaire
US20090303581A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2009-12-10 Yoshimitsu Matsushita Laminated Glass with Shade Band
EP2090428A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-08-19 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Vitrage a hautes performances thermiques pour véhicule, en particulier pour pavillon de véhicule automobile
WO2016202799A1 (fr) 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 Agc Glass Europe Vitrage feuilleté pour contrôle solaire
US11319240B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2022-05-03 Agc Glass Europe Glass for autonomous car
WO2019110172A1 (fr) 2017-12-05 2019-06-13 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite avec revêtement de protection solaire et revêtement réfléchissant les rayons calorifiques
US20220373651A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2022-11-24 Agc Glass Europe Lidar detection device provided with a laminated protective layer

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